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Earthquake
Earthquake
Structure
Last Updated:
26/9/2009
To return the
begining, please
click the "B" letter!!
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Pile Radius
Pile Length
0.65 m
20.00 m
Soil Data
cu
Soil ( )
Nq
Nc
N
Cohesion
Unit Weigth
Coefficient
Coefficient
Coefficient
5.00 ton/m2
1.85 ton/m3
1.0
9.0
If Angle of Shearing Resitance () is
0.0
equal to 0, then Nq is equal to 1
Ap
As
fsi
0.33 m2
40.82 m2
0.9
4.5
Qp
14.92 ton
Qs
183.69 ton
Qult
198.61 ton
2.5
4.50
FS
Qallow
QB
79.45 ton
75 ton
Safety
Load carried by pile shaft
Parameter Estimation
cu
Cohesion
Adhesion Coeficient
SPT
fsi
fsi
Blow Count
Skin Friction resistance
Skin Friction resistance
5.00 ton/m2
0.90
0.90
30
4.91 ton/m2
2.45 ton/m2
Yksek Yerdeitirm
Dk Yerdeitirm
Figure. Undrained shear strength (cu) and adhesion cofficient ( ) relationships (Tomlinson, 1980)
#DIV/0!
Pile Data
D
L
Pile Radius
Pile Length
Soil Data
cu
Cohesion
Nc
fsi
Coefficient
Adhesion Coeficient
Friction resistance
Ap
As
Qp
Qs
14.92
183.69
Qult
FS
Qallow
198.61
2.5
QB
0.65
20.00
5
9
0.9
4.5
0.33
40.82
ton/m2
Load carried by pile point
79.45
75
Safety
Load carried by pile shaft
m
m
ton/m2
4.50 ton/m2
m2
m2
Load carried by pile point
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
Safety
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20.5
19
13.6
6.5
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0
0
6.5
13.6
19
20.5
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
1. Layer
2. Layer
t1 (msn)
282
282
133
1000
1000
235
12.7
12.7
16
Profile
118
109.5
101
92.5
84
75.5
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0
Distance (m)
2 Layer State
VP normal (m/sn)
VP revers (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)
282
2
2
12
Shot Offset
Geophone Space (m)
Number of Geophone
h1
h'1
To return the
options", clic
1000
10
10
1.87
1.87
1.87 m
1.87 m
1.87
Last h
h4
h3
h2
h1
10
10
1.9
1.9
Last h'
h4'
h3'
h2'
h1'
0.2
Surface
0.2
0.0
1
0.0
1
0
6.5
15
24
28
32
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
1. Layer
2. Layer
3. layer
t2 (msn)
235
235
150
500
500
275
2000
2000
500
12
12
235
500
2000
3 Layer State
Profile
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0
VP normal (m/sn)
VP revers (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)
Average Vp (m/sn)
91
87
83
79
75
71
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0
2
2
12
Shot Offset
Geophone Space (m)
Number of Geophone
h1
h'1
1.6 m
1.6 m
h1 ort.
h2 ort.
1.6 m
1.2 m
h2
h'2
120
S revers
At
100
80
ell
60
P revers
At
P normal
At
40
20
0
0
10
12
14
Distance (m)
16
18
20
22
24
0.2
Dept
0.0
1
120
45
44
43
42
41
40
36
32
28
24
15
6.5
0
t3 (msn)
33
33
1.2 m
1.2 m
S revers
100
80
P normal
P revers
60
40
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2 LAYER MODEL)
140
120
100
80
60
P normal
At
40
20
0
18
20
22
24
(3 LAYER MODEL)
140
120
100
80
P normal
60
40
20
0
18
20
22
24
Evaluation Results
Layers
Ticknes
h1
10
h2
10
h3
15
h4
20
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9
20
100
Resistivity (ohm.m)
AB/2
3
4
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
10
1
1
10
100
1000
Resistivity (ohm-m)
Rho1
Rho2
Rho3
25
8
6
d1
d2
d3
2.5
9
infinite
Apprent Resistivity
100
10
Electrod Space
Column AE
Column B
(Resitivity) Data
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9
True Resistivity
25
8
7
100
Point 1
10
10
15
20
0
0
0
0
20
GeophysicalS
oil Section
0.1333333333
0.13
Electric Array
0.1333333333
Surface
0.13
0.2
GWL
100
1000
0.2666666667
0.26
0.2666666667
0
0.26
Point 2
10
10
15
20
0
0
0
0
20
0.1333333333
Surface
0.1333333333
Dept
0.2
0.2666666667
0.2666666667
0
seed:
Xinc:
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
L
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
7.76409
5.28961
3.60377
2.45522
1.67272
1.13961
0.77641
0.52896
0.36038
0.24552
0.16727
0.11396
0.07764
0.05290
0.03604
0.02455
0.01673
0.01140
0.00776
Ld2>230?tanh(Ld2)
T2
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
6.98768 1.00000 8.00000
4.76065 0.99985 7.99983
3.24339 0.99696 7.99652
2.20970 0.97620 7.97252
1.50545 0.90613 7.88822
1.02565 0.77216 7.71143
0.69877 0.60359 7.45423
0.47607 0.44309 7.16399
0.32434 0.31343 6.88820
0.22097 0.21744 6.65434
0.15055 0.14942 6.47026
0.10257 0.10221 6.33226
0.06988 0.06976 6.23203
Ld1>230?tanh(Ld1)
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
9.00943 1.00000
6.13805 0.99999
4.18180 0.99953
2.84903 0.99332
1.94102 0.95961
1.32240 0.86738
0.90094 0.71676
0.61381 0.54680
0.41818 0.39540
0.28490 0.27744
0.19410 0.19170
0.13224 0.13147
0.09009 0.08985
0.06138 0.06130
0.04182 0.04179
0.02849 0.02848
0.01941 0.01941
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
0.00529
0.00360
0.00246
0.00167
0.00114
0.00078
0.00053
0.00036
0.00025
0.00017
0.04761
0.03243
0.02210
0.01505
0.01026
0.00699
0.00476
0.00324
0.00221
0.00151
0.04757
0.03242
0.02209
0.01505
0.01026
0.00699
0.00476
0.00324
0.00221
0.00151
6.16076
6.11079
6.07607
6.05210
6.03562
6.02433
6.01660
6.01132
6.00772
6.00526
0.01322
0.00901
0.00614
0.00418
0.00285
0.00194
0.00132
0.00090
0.00061
0.00042
0.01322
0.00901
0.00614
0.00418
0.00285
0.00194
0.00132
0.00090
0.00061
0.00042
rangement.
T1
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-0.00032
0.00207
-0.00498
0.01125
-0.02521
0.05812
-0.1436
0.393
-1.1324
2.7044
-3.4507
0.4248
1.1817
0.6194
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
8.408953
7.468465
6.825966
6.413380
6.194637
6.091567
6.044524
1.000000
1.467799
2.154434
3.162277
4.641587
6.812919
9.999997
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
98
102
83
34
30
51
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
0.2374
0.08688
0.0235
0.01284
-0.0012
0.00304
6.022995
6.012963
###
###
89
140
6.007991
6.005229
6.003545
###
###
###
175
BOREHOLE
LOG
AND
Istanbul University
Department of Geophysics
BOREHOLE METHOD
BORING N
SPT
TEST
BOREHOLE DEPT:18 m
BOREHOLE SITE: STANBUL (Avclar)
GROUND WATER LEVEL (GWL) : 3m
DATE: 3-4 MAY 2004
BX..................m
HX..................m
external radiusInternal Radiusexternal radius
Internal Radius
external rad
73 mm
65.0mm
88.9mm
80.9mm
114.3mm
SPT TEST
FORMATION PROPERTIES
Blow count
SPT(N) 30
30-45cm
15-30cm
(Definition,
Color, Density,
Texture, Ground
waater situation
etc.)
SOIL PROFILE
RQD %
Ferhat zep
CAROTE %
DEPT (m)
ENGINEER:
1 m
SPT1
14
SPT2
15
SPT3
10
21
18
39
SPT4
11
SPT5
12
11
23
SPT6
20
20
40
SPT7
10
12
22
SPT8
15
15
16
31
SPT9
13
19
SPT10
12
21
SPT11
19
22
23
45
SPT13
17
17
30
47
2 m
3 m
4 m
5 m
6 m
7 m
8 m
9 m
10 m
11 m
12 m
13 m
14 m
15 m
16 m
17 m
18 m
\10
10
\20
20
30
\30
40
\40
50
BORING NO:1
Table 1.
SPT (N)
................m
external radius
Internal Radius
<4
(4 - 10)
(10 -30)
(30-50)
>50
114.3mm 104.7mm
30
40
50
\50
<30
30-35
35-40
40-45
>45
To return "main
options", click cell !
FIELD RECORDS
epth
<29
29-30
30-36
36-41
>41
Dr. Ferhat z
SPT (N)
14
-1.5
15
-3
39
-4.5
11
-6
23
-7.5
40
-9
22
-10.5
31
-12
19
-13.5
21
-15
45
-16.5
47
-18
14
15
39
11
23
40
22
31
19
21
45
47
Table 2
SPT (N)
2
4
8
qu, kg/cm2
0.25
0.5
1
15
30
2
4
3
6.5
12.9
SPT CORRECTIONS
GWL (m)
e the
AD
SPT (Field)
(gr/cm3)
CN
CB
CS
CR
1.8
15
1.8
1,7
1.0
1.0
0.80
3.3
15
1.8
1.67
1.0
1.0
0.80
4.8
15
1.8
1.45
1.0
1.0
0.80
6.3
15
1.8
1.30
1.0
1.0
0.80
7.8
15
1.8
1.19
1.0
1.0
0.80
9.3
15
1.8
1.10
1.0
1.0
0.80
10.8
15
1.8
1.05
1.0
1.0
0.80
12.3
15
1.8
0.97
1.0
1.0
0.80
13.8
15
1.8
0.92
1.0
1.0
0.80
15.3
15
1.8
0.89
1.0
1.0
0.80
16.8
15
1.8
0.84
1.0
1.0
0.80
18.3
19.8
21.3
15
15
15
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.81
0.78
0.75
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.80
0.80
0.80
SPT(corr.)
15.6
14.2
13.2
m
m
m
CN
CS
CB
Energy Level
SPT(corrected)
N55
N1(60)
70
N (X)
#VALUE!
###
###
#VALUE!
rt gerilemsi
efektf rt gerilems,
20.1
16.4
15.1
12.9
31.8
23.9
17.4
14.2
13.1
11.20
58.3
35.7
15.6
12.8
11.7
10.0
84.8
47.5
14.2
11.7
10.7
9.2
111.2
59.3
13.2
10.8
9.9
8.5
137.7
71.0
12.6
10.3
9.5
8.1
164.2
82.8
11.6
9.5
8.7
7.5
186.3
90.2
11.0
9.0
8.3
7.1
217.2
106.3
10.7
8.8
8.0
6.9
243.7
118.1
10.1
8.2
7.6
6.5
265.8
125.5
9.7
9.3
9.0
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.8
6.2
6.0
5.8
296.7
323.1
349.6
376.1
141.7
153.4
165.2
177.0
rrection factor
0.80
2.0440
1.8
2.30
2.30
1.6735
1.5
3.80
3.80
1.4513
1.5
5.30
5.30
1.2991
1.5
6.80
6.80
1.1866
1.5
8.30
8.30
1.0990
1.5
9.80
9.80
1.0532
1.5
11.30
11.30
0.9697
1.5
12.80
12.80
0.9201
1.5
14.30
14.30
0.8928
1.5
15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30
15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30
0.8402
0.8073
0.7780
0.7517
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
To
SYMBOL
UNITE
1.LAYER
2.LAYER
Vp
Vs
h
m/s
282
1000
m/s
133
235
1.87
ohm-m
22
SYMBOL
UNITE
1.LAYER
2.LAYER
Vs (30)
Gmax
E
K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w
m/sn
224
gr/cm3
1.27
1.74
kg/cm
224.4
961.2
kg/cm2
608.9
2827.5
0.36
0.47
kg/cm2
709.5
16124.2
sn
kg/cm2
0.9
0.98
Relative
3.55
2.6
Blow Count
31
45
45
34
34
If
SYMBOL
UNITE
1.LAYER
2.LAYER
Vp
Vs
h
m/s
235
500
m/s
150
275
1.6
1.2
ohm-m
SYMBOL
UNITE
1.LAYER
2.LAYER
Vs (30)
Gmax
E
K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w
m/sn
433
gr/cm3
1.21
1.46
kg/cm2
272.7
1106.9
kg/cm2
630.5
2840.6
0.16
0.28
kg/cm2
305.7
2183.3
sn
kg/cm2
0.4
1.29
Relative
5.07
1.8
Blow Count
49
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
stp1
If you dont have a value, please sign " " ( dash) !
AL DATA
3.LAYER
1500
500
?
-
stp1
8
3.LAYER
1.93
4815.7
13845.1
0.44
36920.3
19.54
REF
#VALUE!
spt2
49
spt3
301
spt2
31
Imai (1978)
Lee (1990)
Clay
Silt
Sand
Sand
Clay
Sand
HalocenePleistocene
Clay
All Soils
Gravel
Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand
Middle Sand
Fine Sand
Clay
Gravel
Halocene
Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand
Middle Sand
Fine Sand
Clay
All Soils
All Soils
SPT (N)
Pleistocene
Pliestocene
Okamoto at al. (1989)
Depth (m)
yisan (1994)
Sand
Vs (m/s)
1.8
151 160 134 147 144 153 155 195 103 112 110 118 119 150 151
3.3
151 160 152 165 162 173 174 220 116 127 125 133 134 169 151
4.8
151 160 164 178 175 186 188 237 126 137 134 143 144 182 151
6.3
151 160 173 188 185 197 199 250 133 144 142 151 152 192 151
7.8
151 160 180 196 193 205 207 261 138 151 148 158 159 201 151
9.3
151 160 187 203 200 213 215 271 143 156 153 163 165 208 151
10.8
151 160 192 210 206 219 221 279 148 161 158 168 170 214 151
12.3
151 160 197 215 211 225 227 286 152 165 162 173 174 220 151
13.8
151 160 202 220 216 230 232 293 155 169 166 177 178 225 151
15.3
151 160 206 225 221 235 237 299 158 173 169 180 182 229 151
16.8
151 160 210 229 225 240 242 305 161 176 173 184 185 234 151
18.3
151 160 214 233 229 244 246 310 164 179 176 187 189 238 151
19.8
151 160 217 237 232 248 250 315 167 182 178 190 192 242 151
21.3
151 160 220 240 236 251 253 319 169 184 181 193 194 245 151
22.8
151 160 223 243 239 255 257 324 171 187 183 195 197 249 151
24.3
151 160 226 247 242 258 260 328 174 189 186 198 200 252 151
25.8
151 160 229 250 245 261 263 332 176 192 188 200 202 255 151
27.3
151 160 232 252 248 264 266 336 178 194 190 203 204 258 151
28.8
151 160 234 255 250 267 269 339 180 196 192 205 207 260 151
30.3
151 160 236 258 253 270 272 343 181 198 194 207 209 263 151
Clay
1.8
150
15
10
72
44
49
33
32
184 125
193 227
3.3
150
35
21
24
16
16
184 125
193 227
4.8
150
23
14
15
11
10
184 125
193 227
6.3
150
17
10
11
184 125
193 227
7.8
150
13
184 125
193 227
9.3
150
10
184 125
193 227
10.8
150
184 125
193 227
12.3
150
184 125
193 227
13.8
150
Vs (m/s)
Depth (m)
Clay
193 227
Clay
184 125
Clay
Sand
HalocenePleistocene
Clay
Pliestocene
Okamoto at al. (1989)
Imai (1978)
Sand
Gravel
Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand
Middle Sand
Fine Sand
Gravel
Halocene
Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand
Middle Sand
Fine Sand
All Soils
All Soils
All Soils
All Soils
Pleistocene
All Soils
yisan (1994)
All Soils
Athanasopoulos (1995)
Athanasopoulos (1995)
SPT (N)
184 125
193 227
15.3
150
184 125
193 227
16.8
150
184 125
193 227
18.3
150
184 125
193 227
19.8
150
184 125
193 227
21.3
150
184 125
193 227
22.8
150
184 125
193 227
24.3
150
184 125
193 227
25.8
150
184 125
193 227
27.3
150
184 125
193 227
28.8
150
184 125
193 227
30.3
150
Athanasopoulos (1995)
Athanasopoulos (1995)
Lee (1990)
ai (1978)
Sand
Sand
Silt
Clay
All Soils
All Soils
Clay
All Soils
Pleistocene
15
14
17
31
15
16
15
11
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Sample 1
Liquit Limid (%) =
Plastic Limit (%) =
Plastisity Index (%) =
Sample 2
Liquid Limit (%) =
Plastic Limit (%) =
Sample 3
75
60
15
45
30
15
60
Sample 1
Sample 3
Column U
50
Sample 2
Sample 4
A Line
40
CH
30
MH & OH
CL
20
CL&ML
10
ML & OL
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
100
90
Column L
80
Column O
70
Column R
60
Column U
50
Column X
40
30
20
10
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Use Figure 2 !
10
100
Use Figure 2 !
Use Figure 2 !
D10 (mm)
D30 (mm)
D60 (mm)
Use Figure 2 !
0.9
3
7
Cu (uniformity coeficient)
Cz
7.78
1.43
Sieve No 200
Passed
45
Retained
55
COARSE GRAINED SOILS
Use the Sieve 4 's Results !
Soil Type is such as:
GM,GC,SM,SC
Sieve No 4
Type
Main Symbol
Passed
40
GRAVEL
G
Retained
60
WELL
POORLY
Sub-Symbol (1)
Cz
Grading
Sub-Symbol
Soil Symbol
1.43
POORLY
P
G P
Sub-Symbol (2)
PI
8
LL
25
Soil Sub-Symbol
C
PI
M
PI Koulu
Alt Simge
A izgisi Kolu
Alt Simge
55
20
35
45
20
25
PI
Main Symbol
32
C
LL
Second Symbol
48
L
19.6
PI
Soil Symbol
FALSE
CL
80
90
FALSE
100
100
Sample B
Grain Size
(mm)
Percentage
Fine (%)
Grain Size
(mm)
Percentage
Fine (%)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
95.00
89.60
86.40
82.90
72.30
35.70
15.400
9.60
1.2
0.8
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
85.00
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
14.000
5.00
4
0.9
3.5
C
C
C
LL
0.0
25.5
30.0
PI
4.0
4.0
7.3
1000.0
30.0
715.4
7.3
1000.0
892.8
50
50.0
0
1000.0
lassification System
Sample C
Sample D
Sample E
Grain Size
(mm)
Percentage
Fine (%)
Grain Size
(mm)
Percentage
Fine (%)
Grain Size
(mm)
Percentage
Fine (%)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
92.00
87.00
84.00
79.00
72.00
55.00
22.000
14.00
4
1
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
98.00
88.00
75.00
74.00
72.30
46.00
19.000
9.00
6
1
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
93.00
88.00
86.40
81.00
73.00
31.00
21.000
13.00
3
0.9
Dr. Fer
Df
Footing Length, m
B
L
4
5
2.1
1.8
2 Foundations
1.8
/ Lower Layer from
Terzaghi (1943)
Meyerhof (1963)
30
Terzaghi (1948)
Nq
22.4
Meyerhof (1973)
Nq
Nc
Nc
N
18.3
37.0
30.0
22.3
15.6
N
Kp
2.993
Shape Coefficients
sc
1.479
sq
s
dc
dq
1.239
1.239
Shape Coefficients
Shape Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Slope Coefficients
Slope Coefficients
Slope Coefficients
d
ic
iq
i
1.259
1.130
1.130
1.000
1.000
1.000
Vesic (1973)
Meyerhof (1963)
If foundation is below the groundwater level, please use the effective unite weigth !
w
1.0
Water Unit Weigth, ton/m3
3
s
1.8
Saturate Unit Weigth, ton/m
From Lab oratory
3
0.8
Effective Unit Weigth, ton/m
Unit Conversion
1
10
100
kg/cm2
ton/m2
kN/m2 or kPa
10
1
100
ton/m2
kg/cm2
kN/m2 or kPa
100
10
1
kN/m2 or kPa
ton/m2
kg/cm2
1.478825
Unit Conversion
Unit Conversion
Kant (2003)
10
30
1.259489
1.2394124085
1.2394124085
D ata
c, ton/m2
6.54
1.1297446915
1.1297446915
RESULTS
From Laboratory Data
Fondation Type
qult, ton/m2
Strip Foundation
278.69
Rectengular Foundation
284.50
Circular Foundation
257.86
Square Foundation
(1943)
285.95
1963)
qult, ton/m2
1948)
334.46
(1973)
973)
1963)
Avarage Value
37.0
30.0
20
GWL (m)
Df (m)
B (m)
Cw (water corr. coefficient)
Craig (1992)
Bowles (1996)
Meyerhof (1956)
1
1.5
2
0.8
oratory D ata
Horizontal Acceleration
Vertical Acceleration
Acceleration Coefficient
kh
kv
KpE
Strip Foundation
Circular Foundation
Square Foundation
With Zeveaert (1983) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acc
static
Acceleration (g)
c (coeficient)
dynamic
30
0.2
0.6666666667
24
With Okamoto (1984) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acc
3.0
1
1
static
Acceleration (g)
kh
SPT(N)
dynamic
30
0.2
0.1
10
26
Values must be b
1
1
c*ivvme
0.1333333333
2/3*sinfi
1-2/2sinfi
0.3331800684
0.6668199316
0.1999540311
0.8000459689
0.399839056
for Df B
Safety Factor
3
Vs V
Avarage Value
from the Foundation depth to 2B depth
929
948
860
953
1115
600 m/sn
Vs
400 m/sn
Foundation Width
Meyerhof (1963)
qa , kPa
Vp
1.5 m
Soil Type
qa
18
kN/m3
0.97
169 kPa
birim hacim
qa , kPa
295
151
qa
qa
165 kN/m2
175 kN/m2
qa
184 kN/m2
qa
204 kN/m2
Tr 1
17.2 kN/m3
Tr 2
Tr 3
Tr 4
18.2 kN/m3
19.2 kN/m3
21.2 kN/m3
vs>500
sv
qa
qa
175
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
175
alfa1
alfa2
alfa3
1
0.965
0.815
0.82
qa , kPa
292
alfa
0.71
qult , ton/m2
181.25
170.69
182.90
Safety Factor
3
qa , kPa
604
569
610
Vp Velocity
Vs Velocity
Select from Table 1
Table 1.
p = o + 0.002 vp
(kN/m3)
sv = 1 3 x 10
-6
l Type 3)
spt
0
yas
0
0.00
0.00
294.8814
327.2727
196.0364
151.4357
sptden treyen vs hz
sptdz st snr
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!
Structure Data
q
Df
B
L
qnet
100
2
3
2
1.8
96.4
945.4
Load
100
2
3
5
10
10
2
1.8
SPT(N)Correct.
Df
Ic
r
r3
Z1
ton/m2
m
m
m
yl
Ticknes of Layer
for Analysis
Duration (min 3 years)
Average value for 2B depth
m
ton/m3
From Figure 1
7
0.2
0.3
2.2 m
fs
f
ft
Fom Table 1
Fom Table 1
0.8
1.0
1.4
qnet
96.40 ton/m2
945.4 kN/m2
Average (mm)
Si (Settlement)
161.2
53.7
E (kN/m2)
(poison ratio)
mv (m2/kN)
Settlemet (Consolidation) II
mv
H
qnet
0.0001 m2/kN
3 m
145 kN/m2
Sc (Settlement)
43.5
0
1
q
B
L
Df
H
Ed
qnet
Si
20
0.9
0.55
240
3
6
1.5
3.5
7
210
kN/m3
form Figure 3
form Figure 3
kN/m2
m
m
m
m
MN/m2
kN/m2
44.55 mm
Settlement IV
q
L
B
Df
E
qnet
Is
Is
240
6
3.5
2
20
0.5
7
200
1.44
1.11
kN/m2
m
m
m
kN/m3
from Table 3
MN/m2
kN/m2
Fexible Foundation
Rigit Foundation
Settlement (Si)
107.9 mm
83.2 mm
240 kN/m2
250 kN/m2
Settlement (Si)
24.0 mm
240 kN/m2
15
1.5 m
Settlement (Si)
25.2 mm
30.4 mm
34.6 mm
15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2
24
20.809712
22.998982
Settlement (Si)
23.0 mm
Simple Approaches (5)
from SPT value (Meyerhof, 1974) IX
SPT
B
q
15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2
Settlement (Si)
32.7 mm
16.3 mm
15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2
24
33.295539
34.498474
Settlement (Si)
34.5 mm
SF
N1(60)
Dr
h (m)
N1
/ %
0.45
6
40
1
6.6
4.2
Settlement Sd
From Figure 4; by SF
and N1 (or Dr) value
CSR
N1(60)
h (m)
/%
0.4
10
10
2.5
Settlement Sd
Acceleration of earthquake
Corrected SPT60 value
Acceleration
N1(60)
h (m)
/ %
0.45
9
10
0.35
Settlement Sd
ton/m2
kN/m2 yada kPa
Load
Ticknes of Layer
for Analysis
Duration (min 3 years)
Average value for 2B depth
From Figure 1
Fom Table 1
Fom Table 1
-0.7
ucture Load
Table 1
r
r3
12000
0.3
0.00010000
mm
Francis (1964)
0.2
0.3
form Figure 3
form Figure 3
4900
24500
24500
73500
Min
kPa
9800
36750
73500
Rock
from Table 3
(Flexible Foundation)
(Rigit Foundation)
25.2
20.3
0,1-0,4
Figure 4
oil liquefaction
60 value
y of soils
qeufable layer
) F S( r ot c aF yt ef a S
4.2
cm
e 4; by SF
Dr) value
c Stress Ratio
SPT60 value
s of liqeufable layer
25
cm
celeration of earthquake
3.5
cm
ical relations
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
4.9
24.5
24.5
73.5
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
SPT value
Sand
Bowles (1988)
MN/m2
10
Max
kPa
24500
MN/m2
25
37
74
58800
98000
59
98
H / H (%)
Figure 4
Figure 5
Webb (1969)
Webb (1969)
10
3
4
3
24
34
MN/m
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
2
E
3908 kPa
Begeman (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
poison ratio
Poison Ratio
0.3
Begeman (1974)
4 MN/m2
Farrent (1963)
H / H (%)
0.1
Figure 5
Webb (1969)
Webb (1969)
Begeman (1974)
Begeman (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
Farrent (1963)
Figure 6
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Acceleration (g)
0.5
ks
ks
Scott (1981)
Dr. Ferhat zep
15
2700 ton/m3
27000 kN/m3
2. APPROACH
From Figure
qu
SPT(N)
2.0 kg/cm2
13
To retur
Figure 1. Estimation od Subgrade Reaction coefficient ffrom SPT, qu and Angle of Shearing Resistance ( ) (from ekerciolu, 2002
3. APPROCH
Ferhat zep
Bowles (1988)
110 kN/m2
qa
SF (safety Factor)
ks
17600 kN/m3
4. APPROCH
For Clayed Soils
Bowles (1988)
qu
620
ks
24.000-48.000
kN/m2
kN/m3
5. APPROCH
By using the following Table , please select the subgrade reaction coefficient !
Table (Bowles, 1988)
Soil Type
Loose Sand
Medium Dense Sand
Dense Sand
Silty Medium DenseSand
Clayed Medium Dense Sand
Clayed Soil (qu 200 kPa)
Clayed Soil (200 < qu 800 kPa)
Clayed Soil (qu > 800 kPa)
(ks), kN/m3
4.800 - 16.000
9.600 80.000
64.000 - 128.000
24.000 - 48.000
32.000 - 80.000
12.000 - 24.000
24.000 - 48.000
>48.000
on coefficient !
7. YAKLAIM
Bowles (1988)Yaklam
S (Oturma)
qnet
ks
30
250
8333
mm
kN/m2
kN/m3
Birim Dnm
1
10
100
Birim Dnm
10
1
100
Birim Dnm
100
10
1
Birim Dnm
kg/cm2
ton/m2
kN/m2 yada kPa
Birim Dnm
ton/m2
kg/cm2
kN/m2 yada kPa
Birim Dnm
kN/m2 yada kPa
ton/m2
kg/cm2
15
25
0.4
Cohesion, c
ton/m2
(Unit weigth)
1.7
ton/m3
24
36
Safety Factor
FS
1.6
0.4
45
29
N1(min)
2.17
FS
0
3.90
1.2
1.2
MEDIUM RISK / BSL
Figure 2. Variation of N1(min) values with acceleration and slope angle (Siyahi and Ansal, 1993)
3. Approch: Slope triggered earthquake, and estimation of critical acceleration (ac) (Wilson et al., 1979)
g (gravitation)
c (cohesion)
Slope Angle,
980 cm/sn2
3 ton/m2
35
24
1.7 ton/m3
3 m
ac
0.38 g
ad
ac = Critical Acceleration
ad (design acceleration)
0.30 g
NO RISK
slice number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
FS
1.1
slice width
slice
length
Slice
length
under
GWL
unite
weigth
angle
form
vertical
b (m)
h (m)
hw (m)
(kN/m3)
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.5
1.0
2.5
4.2
5.8
7.0
8.0
8.9
9.4
9.6
9.5
8.8
7.1
4.5
1.6
1.0
2.4
4.0
5.4
6.4
7.4
7.6
7.5
6.1
6.1
4.9
2.8
0.2
0.0
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
-22.0
-18.0
-9.0
-3.0
1.0
7.0
13.0
19.5
26.0
33.0
40.5
48.5
56.7
65.5
slice number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
kh
R
0.12
22.83
FS
0.8
unite
weigth
slice width
slice length
slice
length
under
GWL
b (m)
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.5
h (m)
1.0
2.5
4.2
5.8
7.0
8.0
8.9
9.4
9.6
9.5
8.8
7.1
4.5
1.6
hw (m)
1.0
2.4
4.0
5.4
6.4
7.4
7.6
7.5
6.1
6.1
4.9
2.8
0.2
0.0
(kN/m3)
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
radius (m)
angle
form
vertical
-22.0
-18.0
-9.0
-3.0
1.0
7.0
13.0
19.5
26.0
33.0
40.5
48.5
56.7
65.5
L
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
r. Ferhat zep
#VALUE!
0.1
3.42
0.2
2.93
0.3
2.52
0.4
2.17
Risk Level
<=1
Higher Risk
1< GK <=2
Medium Risk
BSL
Lower Risk
CSL
>2
Symbol
ASL
ac = Critical Acceleration
ad (design acceleration)
Dilim Arl
cohesion
(kN/m2)
Angle of
Shearing
Resistance
c'
'
12
12
12
18
12
12
18
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
24
24
24
24
24
24
45
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
wi
bi/cosi
wi.cosi
57
114
192
264
319
365
406
429
438
433
401
324
137
46
3.24
2.52
2.43
2.40
2.40
2.42
2.46
2.55
2.67
2.86
3.16
3.62
2.91
3.61
52.85
108.43
189.16
264.12
319.15
362.08
395.45
404.08
393.50
363.38
305.23
214.63
75.16
18.93
39.25
cohesion
(kN/m2)
Angle of
Shearing
Resistance
c'
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
'
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Dilim Arl
wi
bi/cosi
wi.cosi
57
114
192
264
319
365
406
429
438
433
401
324
137
3.24
2.52
2.43
2.40
2.40
2.42
2.46
2.55
2.67
2.86
3.16
3.62
2.91
52.85
108.43
189.16
264.12
319.15
362.08
395.45
404.08
393.50
363.38
305.23
214.63
75.16
46
3.61
39.25
18.93
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
ui
ubi/cosi
(7)-(9)
wi.sini
tanfi
tan fi x 7-9
10
24
40
54
64
74
76
75
61
61
49
28
2
0
32
61
97
130
154
179
187
191
163
175
155
101
6
0
21
48
92
134
166
183
208
213
231
189
151
113
69
19
1836
-21
-35
-30
-14
6
44
91
143
192
236
261
242
114
41
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.999204
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
9.122033
21.29868
40.92385
59.77795
73.65573
81.49757
208.0902
94.84067
102.626
84.03431
67.02298
50.40111
30.85433
8.425168
932.5705
1270
ui
ubi/cosi
(7)-(9)
10
24
40
54
64
74
76
75
61
61
49
28
2
32
61
97
130
154
179
187
191
163
175
155
101
6
21
48
92
134
166
183
208
213
231
189
151
113
69
tanfi
tan fi x 7-9
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
9.122033
21.29868
40.92385
59.77795
73.65573
81.49757
92.66854
94.84067
102.626
84.03431
67.02298
50.40111
30.85433
wi.sini kh wi (L/R)
-21
-35
-30
-14
6
44
91
143
192
236
261
242
114
6.3
12.0
19.1
25.0
28.5
30.7
32.0
31.5
29.9
27.3
23.2
17.0
6.5
19
1836
41
1270
1.9
291.0
0.444974
8.425168
817.1489
43.35046
471.0042
Prap
Dr.Fer
(stanbu
Department of Ge
105
Magnitude Intervals
Ni (Occurence Numbers)
Average Magnitude M or (Xi)
Ni (cummulative)
Ni/t
Log Ni/t yada (Yi)
4.5 M <5.0
28
5.5 M <6.0
5
6.0 M <6.5
1
4.7
47
0.4476190476
-0.3490914411
5.2
19
0.180952381
-0.7424356981
5.7
8
0.0761904762
-1.1180993121
6.2
3
0.0285714286
-1.5440680444
a
b
2.735499955
-0.669693076
35.7000000
-7.4950431
216.7900000
Xi
Yi
Xi^2
Log (N) = a - b* M
-47.5254136
1274.4900000
XiYi
(Xi)^2
FREQUENCY (N)
0.0
-0.6696930764x
+ 2.7354999552
4 f(x) =
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
0.5
R = 0.9865395651
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
MAGNTUDE
7.5
N(M)
0.2438
0.1128
0.0522
0.0241
0.0112
0.0052
Magnitude
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
10
91.3
67.6
40.6
21.4
10.6
5.0
50
100.0
99.6
92.6
70.1
42.8
22.7
D (year)
100
100.0
100.0
99.5
91.0
67.2
40.3
M (magnitude)
30
20
25
15
29.2
Esteva (1970)
Donavan(1973c)
Oliviera (1974)
Campbell (1997)
0.14
0.21
0.14
0.37
0.38
a (g)
75
100.0
100.0
98.0
83.6
56.7
32.1
7.3
Dr. Ferhat zep
0.64
8.2
-0.051293
-0.00171
-6.371393
-2.767061
5
alma olasl
byklk
90
80
70
10
60
50
0.49
40
30
7.7
20
-0.1053605157
10
-0.0035120172
0
-5.6515647090.10
-2.4544433672
20
40
80
0.37
0.27
0.18
7.3
6.7
6.0
-0.2231435513
-0.0074381184
-4.9011373684
0.20
-2.1285369142
0.30
-0.5108256238
-0.0170275208
-4.0729243738
0.40
-1.7688485807
Acceleration
(g)
-1.6094379124
-0.0536479304
0.50 -2.9253123863
0.60
-1.2704470272
0.70
Pro
###
-5.189943322
Acceleration (g)
-4.504348536
-4.864036869
Figure. Hazard Curve
-4.005946982
7.3
20
800
strike-slip fault
reverse-slip fault
Acceleration (g)
Period (s)
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.18
0.42
0.17
0.17
0.38
0.16
0.20
0.45
0.18
0.40
0.35
Column B
0.30
Column C
0.25
0.20
Column D
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
bss
brv
ball
0.6
Period (s)
0.8
1.0
-0.313
-0.117
-0.242
1.2
0.999
1.17
1.089
-1.113
-1.009
-1.08
b2
b3
b5
bv
Va
h
10
alma olasl
byklk
0.527
0
-0.778
-0.371
1396
5.57
10
20
0.711
-0.207
-0.924
-0.292
2118
7.02
40
80
0.64
0.64
0.46
0.32
0.20
8.2
8.2
7.7
7.0
6.2
-0.105361
-0.002107
-6.16239
-2.676292
###
-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-4.722921644
-0.2231435513
-0.004462871
-5.4119629922
-2.3503856638
-4.397015191
-0.5108256238
-0.0102165125
-4.5837499975
-1.9906973303
-4.037326857
-1.6094379124
-0.0321887582
-3.4361380101
-1.4922957768
-3.538925304
1.036
-0.032
-0.798
-0.698
1406
2.9
Prapared by :
Dr.Ferhat zep
(stanbul University)
Department of Geophysical Engineering
6.5 M <7.0
1
7.0 M <7.5
1
6.7
2
0.019047619
-1.7201593034
7.2
1
0.00952381
-2.0211893
t (year interval)
14
Magnitude (xi)
Occurence Numbers, J
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.4
50
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
6.7
7.4
1
1
J / (t+1)
0.7042
0.0423
0.0141
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0282
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141
G(M)
0.7042
0.7465
0.7606
0.8028
0.8169
0.8310
0.8451
0.8592
0.8873
0.9296
0.9437
0.9577
0.0141
0.0141
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.9718
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
70
This value must be equal t
(year interval)
Average
Return Period
4
9
19
41
90
194
FREQUENCY
(Yl)
0.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
f(x) = -0.494996841x + 1.7932110664
0.5 R = 0.9830369721
1.0
1.5
2.0
ln
MAGNITUDE
1.793211066
-0.494996841
M (MAGNITUDE)
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
1
18.8
11.1
6.4
3.7
2.1
1.2
10
87.5
69.2
48.6
31.4
19.2
11.3
D (year)
25
99.4
94.7
81.1
61.0
41.3
26.0
7.5
8.0
Exceedence (%)
10
50
15
52.2
Esteva (1970)
Donavan(1973c)
Oliviera (1974)
Joyner ve Boore(1981)
0.20
0.25
0.20
0.35
int in km
M (magnitude)
8.6
pth of 30 m
0.50
0.35
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
-0.0512932944 20 -0.1053605157
2.75250599E-005 10
5.6538667175E-005
0 -9.7805857791
-10.5004137008
0.05 8.6
0.10 0.15
9.2
Probability of Exceedence (%)
Acceleration (g)
0.24
-0.2231435513
0.0001197435
-9.0301584386
0.20 7.9
0.25 0.30
0.16
-0.5108256238
0.0002741198
-8.2019454439
0.35 7.2
0.40 0.45
Acceleration (g)
0.50
0.55
-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-4.722921644
1951
6.2
3
0.0285714
-1.54406804
1948
1945
1942
1939
1936
5.7
8
0.0761905
-1.118099
1933
1930
1927
1924
1921
5.2
19
0.1809524
-0.74243570
1918
1915
1912
4.7
47
0.4476190
###
1909
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1906
-1.5440
-1.8482
1903
0.0286
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
Yi
[log[-lnG(M)]]
-0.4551
-0.5340
-0.5627
-0.6583
-0.6941
-0.7325
-0.7738
-0.8187
-0.9225
-1.1365
-1.2367
-1.3648
1900
[-lnG(M)]
0.3507
0.2924
0.2737
0.2196
0.2022
0.1851
0.1683
0.1518
0.1195
0.0730
0.0580
0.0432
Prapared by :
Dr.Ferhat zep
(Istanbul University)
Department of Geophysical Engineering
Frequency
70
Yea
ATIONS
ps)
.0
4
7.5
8.0
Xi
Yi
Xi^2
XiYi
(Xi)^2
77.55
-13.2820501
438.6525000
-78.0680836
6014.0025000
Years
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
Numbers of Eartquakes
1
1
7
5
2
1913
UDE
0.434294482
1.14
62.12
PROB= 1 - G(M)
)
50
100.0
99.7
96.4
84.8
65.5
45.2
100
100.0
100.0
99.9
97.7
88.1
70.0
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
-0.1053605157
5.6538667E-005
-9.7805857791
Campbell (1997)
0.71
tionship
.40
80
0.09
0.45
-1.6094379124
0.0008636582
-7.0543334565
0.50 6.2
0.55
1938
1939
1940
1941
2
3
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
3
1
3
9
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
1
3
2
1
3
1
1
4
5
1
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
5
2
1
2
4
3
1
2
2
2
1
3
6
3
1
2
1
2
2
4
1
9
2005
2002
1999
1996
1993
1990
1987
1984
1981
6.7
7.2
2
1
0.0190476
0.0095238
Year
-1.72015930 -2.02118930
1978
1975
1972
1969
1966
1963
1960
1957
1954
1951
1948
1945
1942
1939
OF EARTHQUAKES
Magnitude
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Number
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
100
100
100
100
25
25
25
20
15
15
14
14
12
12
10
3
2
2
3
Magnitude
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
Number
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Moment Magnitude
Surface Wave Magnitude
Body Wavde Magnitude
Duration Magnitude
Mw
Ms
7
6.9
Ms
Mb
6.9
6.8
Mw
Mb
7
6.8
Ms
6.9
Enerji
8.91251E+014
1.25893E+015
1.77828E+015
2.51189E+015
4.2
3.54813E+015
3.8
5.01187E+015
Bath (1973)
7.07946E+015
3.8
1.00000E+016
5
1.41254E+016
1.99526E+016
4.2
2.81838E+016
5
3.98107E+016
Ulusay et al. (2004)
5.62341E+016
6.9
7.94328E+016
Md
6.9
6.9
3.8
Magnitude
Duration (Eartquake)
7.6
6.9
Hausner
31 sn
38 sn
33 sn
Watanabe (1977)
Donovan (1973)
1.12202E+017
1.58489E+017
2.23872E+017
3.16228E+017
4.46684E+017
6.30957E+017
8.91251E+017
1.25893E+018
1.77828E+018
2.51189E+018
3.54813E+018
5.01187E+018
7.07946E+018
1.00000E+019
1.41254E+019
1.99526E+019
2.81838E+019
3.98107E+019
5.62341E+019
7.94328E+019
1.12202E+020
1.58489E+020
2.23872E+020
3.16228E+020
Toplam E
1.78250E+017
2.51785E+017
3.55656E+017
5.02377E+017
7.09627E+017
1.00237E+018
1.41589E+018
2.00000E+018
2.82508E+018
1.99526E+018
2.81838E+018
3.98107E+018
5.62341E+018
7.94328E+018
1.12202E+019
1.58489E+019
2.23872E+019
3.16228E+019
4.46684E+019
1.57739E+019
2.22813E+019
3.14731E+019
3.55656E+019
3.76783E+019
5.32220E+019
7.01662E+019
9.91124E+019
1.20000E+020
1.69505E+020
1.99526E+020
8.45515E+019
7.96214E+019
1.12468E+020
2.38298E+020
2.24404E+020
3.16979E+020
2.23872E+020
6.32456E+020
4.46684E+020 4.46684E+020
0.15 g
6.30957E+020
8.91251E+020
1.25893E+021
1.77828E+021
2.51189E+021
3.54813E+021
5.01187E+021
7.07946E+021
1.00000E+022
1.41254E+022
1.99526E+022
0
0
0
6.30957E+020
8.91251E+020
1.25893E+021
1.77828E+021
2.51189E+021
3.54813E+021
5.01187E+021
7.07946E+021
1.00000E+022
1.41254E+022
1.99526E+022
0
0
0
0.15 g
0.26
0.43
0.34
0.18
0
0
0
0
0
0
Magnitude (pek)
Magnitude (Tabban ve Genolu)
Magnitude (Bath, 1973)
Magnitude (Karnik)
Magnitude (Ansal, 1997)
Maximum Intensity (Io)
Accel. (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956)
Accel. (Bath, 1973)
Accel. (Wang ve Law, 1994)
Accel. (Wald ve di., 1999)
Accel. (Hessberger, 1956)
Accel. (Murphy, 1997)
8
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.1
8
g
g
g
g
ve
ve
ve
ve
Coppersmith
Coppersmith
Coppersmith
Coppersmith
(1994)
(1994)
(1994)
(1994)
Ms (magnitude)
Conditions
Region
7.4
between 5,8 and 8.0
Turkey
7.7
between 5,8 and 8.0 (shallow earthquakes)
World
7.5 between 5,8 and 8.0 (deep earthqaukes) World
7.5
bigger than 6,4
Nevada
7.3
6 ile 8
North Anatolia
8.2
Japan
8.4
smaller than 6
7.4
bigger than 6
7.6
smaller than 6
7.3
between 5,9 and 7,9
North Anatolia
7.4
Turkey
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.4
Ms (Magnitude)
7.6
Researcher
Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Douglas ve Ryall (1975)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Tocher (1958)
Toksz ve di. (1979)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
(Strike Slipe)
(Reverse)
(Normal)
(All Fault Types)
World
World
World
World
Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw (Magnitude)
7.6
Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
4E+020
6E+020
9E+020
1E+021
2E+021
3E+021
4E+021
5E+021
7E+021
1E+022
1E+022
2E+022
3E+022
4E+022
6E+022
Researcher
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Displacement
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.6
3.3
6.3
Conditions
between 3,4 and 8,3
bigger than 6,4
6 and 8
6 and 8,5
(Strike Slipe)
Region
North Anatolia
Japan
Asia
Turkey
World
Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
8E+022
2.3
(Reverse)
World
Mw
1E+023
2E+023 1.4E+023
2E+023
7.3
5.9
(Normal)
(All Fault Types)
World
World
Mw
Mw
Conditions
between 3,4 and 8,3
bigger than 6,4
6 and 8
6 and 8,5
(Strike Slipe)
(Reverse)
(Normal)
(All Fault Types)
Region
North Anatolia
Japan
Asia
Turkey
World
World
World
World
Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
Ms (Magnitude)
7.6
Mw (Magnitude)
7.6
Displacement
(m)
5
Researcher
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Magnitude
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.4
6.8
7.1
7.2
ude Type
ude Type
ude Type
ude Type
Donavan(1973c)
McGuier (1974)
0.30
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.41
0.36
0.32
0.29
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.29
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.72
0.60
0.51
0.44
0.38
0.34
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Donavan(1973b)
0.38
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Katayama
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Oliviera (1974)
Donovan (1973a)
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Davenport (1972)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
Esteva (1970)
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
To return "main
M (magnitude)
Kanai (1966)
0.29
0.24
0.20
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.29
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.26
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.39
0.35
0.32
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.29
0.25
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.24
0.20
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Average
Campbell (1981b)
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
Campbell (1981a)
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
29.2
33.5
38.1
42.7
47.4
52.2
57.0
61.8
66.7
71.6
76.5
81.4
86.3
91.2
96.2
101.1
106.1
111.0
116.0
120.9
125.9
130.9
135.8
140.8
145.8
150.7
155.7
160.7
165.7
170.7
175.6
180.6
185.6
190.6
195.6
200.6
205.5
M (magnitude)
7.3
Esteva
Daven
1.2
Donov
Esteva
Donav
1.0
Donav
Acceleration (g)
McGuie
Orpha
0.8
Shah e
Olivier
Kataya
0.6
Esteva
Joyner
Campb
0.4
Campb
Column
Column
0.2
Column
Column
Column
0.0
25
40
55
70
85
Column
teva (1970)
avenport (1972)
onovan (1973a)
onavan(1973b)
onavan(1973c)
cGuier (1974)
iviera (1974)
atayama
mpbell (1981a)
mpbell (1981b)
lumn S
lumn T
lumn U
lumn V
lumn W
lumn X
h1
h2
1
VS1
2
VS2
To
7.4
25
15
35
1.8
300
2.1
600
0.43
0.43
A (Acustic Empedence):
(1 x VS1) / (2 xVS2)
Soil Fundemantal Period:
4h/VS
7.4
25
Epicentral
Distance (km)
0.43
0.43
T
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
2.45
2.5
II. Approach
Kawashima et al. (1984) Appraoch
M
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Stiff Soil
68
10.69
Loose Soil
Medium Soil
Accl. (LS)
434
529
529
499
646
820
734
530
328
145
Acceleration (cm/sn2)
1200
1000
Column D
Column E
800
Column F
600
400
200
0
0
0.5
1.5
Period (s)
2.5
3.5
III. Approach
7.3
25
250
Mechanism
Uncertain
Period
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.24
0.49
0.31
Strike
Slipe Fault
Reverse Fault
Acceleration (g)
0.22
0.44
0.30
0.27
0.53
0.34
Acceleration Spectrum
Acceleration (g)
0.60
0.50
Column B
0.40
0.30
Column C
0.20
Column D
0.10
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
bss
brv
ball
b2
b3
b5
bv
Va
h
0.6
Period (s)
-0.313
-0.117
-0.242
0.527
0
-0.778
-0.371
1396
5.57
0.8
0.999
1.17
1.089
0.711
-0.207
-0.924
-0.292
2118
7.02
1.0
-1.113
-1.009
-1.08
1.036
-0.032
-0.798
-0.698
1406
2.9
1.2
Acceleration (cm/sn2)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
Period (sn)
eraction
Vel.(cm/sn)
38
39
40
42
47
55
74
79
54
43
38
35
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
29
29
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
T period (sn)
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
T period (sn)
27
c
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
Sert Zemin
a
2420
2407
1269
575
212
103
40.1
7.1
5.8
1.7
b
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.34
0.43
0.42
0.46
Orta Zemin
a
848
629
466
267
102
34.3
5
0.72
0.35
0.36
b
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.39
0.44
0.55
0.63
0.64
0.59
Yumuak Zemin
a
1307
948
1128
1263
581
65.7
7.4
0.8
0.35
0.26
b
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.28
0.42
0.54
0.65
0.67
0.64
2.5
997) Approach
mn B
mn C
mn D
Velocity (m/sn)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2.5
2.5
0.5
1.5
Period (sn)
2.5
2.5
2.5
Depth (m)
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30
Weak Motion
Strong Motion
Tickness (m)
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.2
Amplificatio
Amplification
A
A
AHSA
AHSA
Vs Velocity, (m/s)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
Average horizontal
amplification betwee
2,0 s period
2.8
2.1
3.5
3.0
Average horizon
amplification betw
2,0 s peri
3.14
0.19
Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Relative Amplification
1.55
1.10
3.44
1.02
1.11
1.56
2.58
4.58
4.93
3.46
2.60
2.14
1.87
1.69
1.56
1.47
1.40
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
1.34
1.30
1.26
1.24
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
Relative Amplification
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
Period (sn)
2.5
Relative Am
0.5
1.5
2.5
Period (sn)
To
h1
vs1
Damping
30
140
0.2
3.14
0.86
Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
Relative Amplification
0.36
0.62
1.08
0.84
0.95
1.30
1.94
2.82
3.24
2.86
2.39
2.05
1.82
1.66
1.54
1.45
1.39
1.34
1.29
1.26
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
Relative Amplification
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
Period (s)
2.5
Relative Amplif
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Period (s)
30
140
Tz
0.86
3.14
Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Rijit Anakaya
zerinde snmsz
bir zemin iin
Bytme'nin
hesaplanmas
Hazrlayan:
Dr.Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak.
Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
Relative Amplification
1.59
1.11
4.45
1.03
1.11
1.61
2.90
9.00
13.25
4.48
2.94
2.30
1.96
1.75
1.60
1.50
1.42
1.36
1.32
1.28
1.25
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.16
Relative Amplification
0.5
1.5
Period (s)
2.5
Relative Amp
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
Period (s)
2.5
Amplification
755
0
elocity
5
Vs, 30 (m/s)
200.0
10
) m
( ht pe D
15
20
25
30
35
760
765
770
775
780
785
790
795
koular iin
l.
)
m3)
layer (m/s)
layer (m/s)
zerinde
oular iin
par.
p
h. Bl.
2.5
2.5
Anakaya
nde snmsz
emin iin
tme'nin
planmas
rlayan:
erhat zep
Mh. Fak.
zik Mh. Bl.
Soil)
2.5
2.5
150
0
790
795
800
805
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
200
Velocity, m/s
n)300
350
400
Depth (m)
Gmax
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
800
800
800
800
800
800
Density (gr/cm3)
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
v' (kPa)
WT (m)
rd
CSR (E)
0.4
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
30.0
56.5
83.0
109.5
136.0
162.5
188.9
215.4
241.9
268.4
294.9
321.4
347.9
22.2
33.9
45.7
57.5
69.3
81.0
92.8
104.6
116.3
128.1
139.9
151.7
163.4
0.80
2.30
3.80
5.30
6.80
8.30
9.80
11.30
12.80
14.30
15.80
17.30
18.80
0.9881470
0.9773893
0.9669309
0.9551352
0.9397014
0.9179441
0.8875651
0.8478937
0.8008678
0.7507104
0.7022129
0.6589112
0.6223666
0.348
0.423
0.456
0.473
0.480
0.478
0.470
0.454
0.433
0.409
0.385
0.363
0.344
21.3
1.8
374.3
175.2
to continue
the analysis
I
I
I
Acceleration, a (g)
v (kPa)
1.1101602
7.2
FN=Fine Content
MSF
Magnitude
(gr/cm3)
Depth
Data
G.W.L
the analysis
I
I
I
V
Liquefaction Anaysis by Shear Wave Velocity
Yalova
SK1
Vs (field) m/s
CV
Vs1, m/s
Vs1c
CRR
SF
Lp (Vs1'den)
Lp Grubu
SvlamaDzeyi
Depth
Seismic Site
Seismic Point:
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
1.46
1.31
1.22
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.02
0.99
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.87
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
0.1195
0.0937
0.0799
0.0709
0.0644
0.0594
0.0555
0.0522
0.0495
0.0471
0.0451
0.0433
0.0417
0.0403
0.3434
0.2215
0.1750
0.1498
0.1342
0.1242
0.1181
0.1150
0.1143
0.1153
0.1172
0.1194
0.1212
0.1225
11.2869
23.5720
34.8471
45.1239
54.3619
62.5137
69.5326
75.3839
80.0586
83.5837
86.0171
87.4270
87.8700
87.3782
BL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
To continue
the analyis
I
I
I
(S)
Safety Factor
To continue
the analyis
I
I
I
V
Liquefaction Analysis by SPT Data
CB
CS
CR
N1(60)
CRR (Z)
SF
PL (%)
CN
SPT (field)
Yalova
S1
Depth
Boring Site
Boring Point
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
1.70
1.70
1.48
1.32
1.20
1.11
1.04
0.98
0.93
0.88
0.85
0.81
0.78
0.76
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
20.4
20.4
17.7
15.8
14.4
13.3
12.5
11.7
11.1
10.6
10.1
9.7
9.4
9.1
0.24473
0.24473
0.20983
0.18703
0.17127
0.15953
0.15035
0.14291
0.13674
0.13151
0.12701
0.12308
0.11962
0.11654
0.70353
0.5785
0.45974
0.39547
0.35708
0.33341
0.32001
0.31469
0.31583
0.32162
0.33001
0.33905
0.34732
0.35405
82
94
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Safety Factor
Probability
Liquefaction
Liao et al. (1988)
to continue
the analyis
I
I
I
to continue
the analyis
I
I
I
FN
SPT (field)
Depth D50
1.8
0.1
3.3
0.5
4.8
0.5
6.3
0.5
7.8
0.5
9.3
0.5
10.8
0.5
12.3
0.5
13.8
0.5
15.3
0.5
16.8
0.5
18.3
0.5
19.8
0.5
21.3
0.5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Factors
Soil
Earthq.
R
L
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
7.2
GK
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
R1
0.41085
0.38689
0.36668
0.34934
0.33425
0.32096
0.30914
0.29853
0.28895
0.28023
0.27226
0.26493
0.25817
0.25189
R2 (a)
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
R2
R2(b)
0.1224153
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
R2( c )
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
R2
0.12242
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
R3
R3(a)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R3(b)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
vme, a (g olarak)
0.40
1
0.9
(No Risk)
(Medium Risk)
Sample 1
Accl. (g) 0.2
Dr (%) 0.5
Dr (Relative Density) %
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
(Higher Risk)
0.1
0
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Acceleration (g)
0.3
Table . Corrections to SPT as listed by Robertson & Wride (1998)(after Youd et al., 2001).
Clay Content %
4
LL<32 SE SIVILAMAYA HASSAS, LL>=32 SE AYRINTI ALIMALAR GEREKR
Depth (m)
-10
-15
-20
-25
Column H
Column H
Column H
1.00
Vs
1.20
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
0.70
0.58
0.46
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
21.3
0.35
0.12
SF
-5
SPT
SF
0.20
Safety Factor
SF (SF) & Depth
0.40
0.60
0.80
Depth (m)
0.00
0
(N1)60
Vs1
10
159 m/s
Vs1
(N1)60
159 m/sn
10
Vs
z
G/Gmax
Unite Shear Deformation
Treshold Acceleration Value (at)
Design Acceleration (ad)
Expected Acceleration (amax)
SF
200
3
0.8
0.0001
0.11
0.18
0.30
m/sn
m
0.6
Liquafaction
95.00
89.60
86.40
82.90
72.30
35.70
15.400
9.60
1.2
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
80
100
Sample A
Column V
Column W
Column V
60
Column S
Critical
Zone
40
20
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
10
6.5
25.4
108.8
52.5
Wakamatsu (1991)
Ambraseys (1988)
Wakamatsu (1993)
Re (km)
Rf (km)
50.0
50.0
Mw
Mw
6.5
6.7
Ambraseys (1988)
Faydan Uzaklk
C) For Turkey, Earthquake magnitude (Ms) that trigger the liquefation (Ulusay et al. (2000
Focal depth (km)
R (km)
(km)
h (km)
25
10
26.9
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
7.4
R (km)
106.4
Upper Limit
66.4
Medium
0.3
5.2
6.3
7.4
Lower Limit
Medium
Upper Limit
26.4
Lower Limit
Symbols/ Abreviations
v =overburden presure
v' =efective overburden presure
SITK = tickness of saturated soil layer (m)
D = Depth of Analysis (m)
FC =Fine Content
G.W.L.= Ground Water Level (m)
= Unit weigth
M = Magnitude of design earthquake
Acceleration (a) = acceleration of design earthquake (g)
SPT fields = SPT(N) value in the field
N1(60) = corrected SPT (N) value
Vs (field)= shear wave velocity in the field
Vs1 = overburden stress corrected shear wave velocity
rd=Stres reduction factor
CN ve CV = for SPT(N) and Vs, efective presure correction facotor
CB, CS and CRfor SPTN (N), respectively Borehole Diameter, Sampling Method and
CSR and CRR = Cyclic Stress Ratio and Cyclic Resistance Ratio
MSF= Magnitude Scaling Factor
Dr (%) = Relative density (%)
Rf= Distance from active fault (km)
Re= Epicentral or hipocentral distance (km)
Mw= Moment magnitude
MJ=Japon Meteorology Agancy Magnitude Scale
SY = No Liquefaction, SO= Liquefaction Possible and SV=Liquefaction
Lp = Liquefaction Potential
PL = Liquefaction Probality
Not: Bu programda (1) eer su ieren tabaka kalnl sfrsa svlama olmayacandan otomatik olarak GK=2 alnmaktadr.
(2) Teorik olarak N1(60) deeri 30'dan, SPT (Arazi) deeri 50'den ve Vs1 deeri de vs1c (maksimum 220 m/sn)den byk deerle
SF
SPT
SF
h, please erease
Yok" !!!
0.70
0.58
0.46
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.35
0.12
10
100
i ve Tatsuoka (1975)
ude (Mw)
ay et al. (2000)
alnmaktadr.
To return begining,