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Soil

Earthquake

To run the programs,


please click letters in the
the Cell !

Earthquake

Structure

After you read explanations,


Run the programs !

Last Updated:
26/9/2009

To return the
begining, please
click the "B" letter!!

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

DEEP FOUNDATIONS

Dr. Ferhat zep

To return "main options" , click the


letters !

Bearing Capacity for Pile Foundations


To return "main options" , click the cell !

For Coarse Grained Soils


Pile Data
D
L

Pile Radius
Pile Length

0.65 m
20.00 m

Soil Data

cu

Angle of Shearing Resistance ( )

Soil ( )
Nq
Nc
N

Cohesion
Unit Weigth
Coefficient
Coefficient
Coefficient

5.00 ton/m2
1.85 ton/m3
1.0
9.0
If Angle of Shearing Resitance () is
0.0
equal to 0, then Nq is equal to 1

Ap
As

fsi

Area of pile point


Surface area of pile shaft
Adhesion Coeficient
Skin Friction Resistance

0.33 m2
40.82 m2
0.9
4.5

Qp

Pile Tip / Base Resistance

14.92 ton

Qs

Pile Skin Friction Resistance

183.69 ton

Qult

Ultimate Pile Load


Safety Factor

198.61 ton
2.5

4.50

Load carried by pile poi

FS
Qallow

Allowable Pile Capacity

QB

Building of Structural Load per Pile

79.45 ton
75 ton

Safety
Load carried by pile shaft

Parameter Estimation
cu

Cohesion
Adhesion Coeficient

SPT
fsi
fsi

Blow Count
Skin Friction resistance
Skin Friction resistance

5.00 ton/m2
0.90
0.90
30
4.91 ton/m2
2.45 ton/m2

Yksek Yerdeitirm

Dk Yerdeitirm

Figure. Undrained shear strength (cu) and adhesion cofficient ( ) relationships (Tomlinson, 1980)

Bearing Capacity for Pile Foundations

n "main options" , click the cell !

For Fine Grained Soils

#DIV/0!

If Angle of Shearing Resitance () is


equal to 0, then Nq is equal to 1

Pile Data
D
L

Pile Radius
Pile Length

Soil Data
cu

Cohesion

Nc

fsi

Coefficient
Adhesion Coeficient
Friction resistance

Ap
As

Area of pile point


Surface area of pile shaft

Qp
Qs

Pile Tip / base resistance


Pile Skin Friction Resistance

14.92
183.69

Qult
FS
Qallow

Ultimate Pile Load


Safety Factor

198.61
2.5

Allowable Pile Capacity

QB

Building of Structural Load per Pile

0.65
20.00

5
9
0.9
4.5
0.33
40.82

ton/m2
Load carried by pile point

79.45
75

Safety
Load carried by pile shaft

Yksek Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar


Dk Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar

ionships (Tomlinson, 1980)

Figure. For Piled foundations, Angle of Shearing Resistance (

m
m

ton/m2

If internal firction angel () is


equal 0, then Nq is equal 1

4.50 ton/m2
m2
m2
Load carried by pile point

ton
ton
ton
ton
ton

Safety

Shearing Resistance () and Nq relationships.

SEISMIC REFRACTION STUDIES


S Revers (travel time), msn

P Revers (travel time), msn

36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20.5
19
13.6
6.5
0

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0

0
6.5
13.6
19
20.5
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36

1. Layer

2. Layer

t1 (msn)

282
282
133

1000
1000
235

12.7
12.7
16

obtain from graph !

Profile

118
109.5
101
92.5
84
75.5
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0

P normal (travel time), msn

Distance (m)

2 Layer State

VP normal (m/sn)
VP revers (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)

282

2
2
12

Shot Offset
Geophone Space (m)
Number of Geophone

TICKNESS (VP normal)

h1

TICKNESS (VP revers)

h'1

To return the
options", clic

1000
10

10

1.87

1.87

1.87 m
1.87 m

1.87

Last h
h4
h3
h2
h1

10

10

1.9

1.9

Last h'
h4'
h3'
h2'
h1'

Geophysical Soil Section

0.2

Surface

0.2

Seismic Line Serim

0.0
1

0.0
1

P Revers (travel time), msn

0
6.5
15
24
28
32
36
40
41
42
43
44
45

1. Layer

2. Layer

3. layer

t2 (msn)

235
235
150

500
500
275

2000
2000
500

12
12

235

500

2000

3 Layer State

obtain from graph !

Profile

S Revers (travel time), msn

S Revers (travel time), msn

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0

VP normal (m/sn)
VP revers (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)
Average Vp (m/sn)

91
87
83
79
75
71
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0

2
2
12

Shot Offset
Geophone Space (m)
Number of Geophone

TICKNESS (VP normal)

h1

TICKNESS (VP revers)

h'1

1.6 m
1.6 m
h1 ort.
h2 ort.

1.6 m
1.2 m

h2
h'2

To return the " main


options", click cell!

SEISMIC TIME- DISTANCE GRAPH (2 LAYER MODEL)


140

120

S revers
At

100

80
ell
60

P revers
At

P normal
At

40

20

0
0

10

12

14

Distance (m)

16

18

20

22

24

0.2

Dept

0.0
1

P revers (travel time), msn

SEISMIC TIME- DISTANCE GRAPH (3 LAYER MODEL)


140

120

45
44
43
42
41
40
36
32
28
24
15
6.5
0
t3 (msn)

33
33

1.2 m
1.2 m

S revers

100

80

P normal

P revers

60

40

20

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Dr. Ferhat zep

2 LAYER MODEL)

140

120

100

80

60

P normal
At

40

20

0
18

20

22

24

(3 LAYER MODEL)

140

120

100

80

P normal

60

40

20

0
18

20

22

24

Presentation and Evaluation of Electrical (Resitivity) Data


Apparent Resistivity
25.2
20
16
12
9.9
8.5
6.8
6.1
6.6
5.95
6.28
6.7
6.45
6.7
6.43
6.38
5.3
5.5

Evaluation Results
Layers
Ticknes
h1
10
h2
10
h3
15
h4
20
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9
20

Dr. Ferhat zep

100

Resistivity (ohm.m)

AB/2
3
4
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120

10

1
1

10

100

Electrod Space (AB/2)

1000

Steven D. Sheriff Approach

TREE LAYERS RESISTIVITY MODELLING


Model Parameters
Ticknes of Layers (m)

Resistivity (ohm-m)

Rho1
Rho2
Rho3

25
8
6

d1
d2
d3

2.5
9
infinite

Apprent Resistivity

100

10

Electrod Space
Column AE

Column B

(Resitivity) Data

To return the "main


option", click cell!

h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9

True Resistivity
25
8
7
100

Point 1
10
10
15
20
0
0
0
0
20

GeophysicalS
oil Section
0.1333333333

0.13
Electric Array

0.1333333333

Surface

0.13

0.2

GWL

100

rod Space (AB/2)

1000

0.2666666667

0.26

0.2666666667
0

0.26

Point 2
10
10
15
20
0
0
0
0
20

Dr. Ferhat zep

0.1333333333
Surface

0.1333333333

Dept

0.2

0.2666666667

0.2666666667
0

Three layer resistivity example. Depth and distance are


in meters, resistivity is in ohm-meters. Apparent
resistivity is for the Schlumberger electrode arrangement.
Layer resistivities and thickness, from top to bottom:

seed:
Xinc:
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

L
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
7.76409
5.28961
3.60377
2.45522
1.67272
1.13961
0.77641
0.52896
0.36038
0.24552
0.16727
0.11396
0.07764
0.05290
0.03604
0.02455
0.01673
0.01140
0.00776

2.556757 includes phase shift for O'Neill's coefficients


-0.166667 to get 6 samples per integer power of ten

Ld2>230?tanh(Ld2)
T2
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
### 1.00000 8.00000
6.98768 1.00000 8.00000
4.76065 0.99985 7.99983
3.24339 0.99696 7.99652
2.20970 0.97620 7.97252
1.50545 0.90613 7.88822
1.02565 0.77216 7.71143
0.69877 0.60359 7.45423
0.47607 0.44309 7.16399
0.32434 0.31343 6.88820
0.22097 0.21744 6.65434
0.15055 0.14942 6.47026
0.10257 0.10221 6.33226
0.06988 0.06976 6.23203

Ld1>230?tanh(Ld1)
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
### 1.00000
9.00943 1.00000
6.13805 0.99999
4.18180 0.99953
2.84903 0.99332
1.94102 0.95961
1.32240 0.86738
0.90094 0.71676
0.61381 0.54680
0.41818 0.39540
0.28490 0.27744
0.19410 0.19170
0.13224 0.13147
0.09009 0.08985
0.06138 0.06130
0.04182 0.04179
0.02849 0.02848
0.01941 0.01941

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

0.00529
0.00360
0.00246
0.00167
0.00114
0.00078
0.00053
0.00036
0.00025
0.00017

0.04761
0.03243
0.02210
0.01505
0.01026
0.00699
0.00476
0.00324
0.00221
0.00151

0.04757
0.03242
0.02209
0.01505
0.01026
0.00699
0.00476
0.00324
0.00221
0.00151

6.16076
6.11079
6.07607
6.05210
6.03562
6.02433
6.01660
6.01132
6.00772
6.00526

0.01322
0.00901
0.00614
0.00418
0.00285
0.00194
0.00132
0.00090
0.00061
0.00042

0.01322
0.00901
0.00614
0.00418
0.00285
0.00194
0.00132
0.00090
0.00061
0.00042

rangement.

T1
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

O'Neill convolve x = 1/L

-0.00032
0.00207
-0.00498
0.01125
-0.02521
0.05812
-0.1436
0.393
-1.1324
2.7044
-3.4507
0.4248
1.1817
0.6194

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
8.408953
7.468465
6.825966
6.413380
6.194637
6.091567
6.044524

1.000000
1.467799
2.154434
3.162277
4.641587
6.812919
9.999997
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

98

102

83

34
30
51

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

0.2374
0.08688
0.0235
0.01284
-0.0012
0.00304

6.022995
6.012963

###
###

89
140

6.007991
6.005229
6.003545

###
###
###

175

BOREHOLE
LOG
AND

Istanbul University
Department of Geophysics

BOREHOLE METHOD

BORING N

SPT
TEST

BOREHOLE DEPT:18 m
BOREHOLE SITE: STANBUL (Avclar)
GROUND WATER LEVEL (GWL) : 3m
DATE: 3-4 MAY 2004

BX..................m
HX..................m
external radiusInternal Radiusexternal radius
Internal Radius
external rad
73 mm

65.0mm

88.9mm

80.9mm

114.3mm

SPT TEST
FORMATION PROPERTIES

Blow count

SPT(N) 30

30-45cm

15-30cm

SPT (N) & Depth


Graph
0-15 cm

(Definition,
Color, Density,
Texture, Ground
waater situation
etc.)

SOIL PROFILE

SAMPLE TYPE and NO

RQD %

Ferhat zep

CAROTE %

DEPT (m)

ENGINEER:

1 m
SPT1

14

SPT2

15

SPT3

10

21

18

39

SPT4

11

SPT5

12

11

23

SPT6

20

20

40

SPT7

10

12

22

SPT8

15

15

16

31

SPT9

13

19

SPT10

12

21

SPT11

19

22

23

45

SPT13

17

17

30

47

2 m
3 m
4 m
5 m

6 m
7 m
8 m

9 m
10 m
11 m

12 m
13 m
14 m

15 m
16 m
17 m
18 m

\10

10

\20

20

30

\30

40

\40

50

BORING NO:1

Table 1.

Angle of Shearing Resistance ()


Peck (1974)
Meyerhof (1956)

SPT (N)

................m
external radius
Internal Radius

<4
(4 - 10)
(10 -30)
(30-50)
>50

114.3mm 104.7mm

30

40

50

\50

<30
30-35
35-40
40-45
>45

To return "main
options", click cell !

FIELD RECORDS

epth

<29
29-30
30-36
36-41
>41

Dr. Ferhat z

To draw SPT (N) & Depth graph, erase the


blow table "No Data or UD" !

Table for Depth and SPT (N) Graph


Derinlik (m)

SPT (N)

14

-1.5

15

-3

39

-4.5

11

-6

23

-7.5

40

-9

22

-10.5

31

-12

19

-13.5

21

-15

45

-16.5

47

-18

14
15
39
11
23
40
22
31
19
21
45
47

Table 2

SPT (N)
2
4
8

qu, kg/cm2
0.25
0.5
1

15
30

2
4

Estimation of Boring Depth for Site Investigation


Store Number
Boring Depth (Db)
Boring Depth (Db)

(Sowers ve Sowers, 1970)

3
6.5
12.9

(Sowers ve Sowers, 1970)

SPT CORRECTIONS

Dr. Ferhat zep

GWL (m)

e the

AD

SPT (Field)

(gr/cm3)

CN

CB

CS

CR

1.8

15

1.8

1,7

1.0

1.0

0.80

3.3

15

1.8

1.67

1.0

1.0

0.80

4.8

15

1.8

1.45

1.0

1.0

0.80

6.3

15

1.8

1.30

1.0

1.0

0.80

7.8

15

1.8

1.19

1.0

1.0

0.80

9.3

15

1.8

1.10

1.0

1.0

0.80

10.8

15

1.8

1.05

1.0

1.0

0.80

12.3

15

1.8

0.97

1.0

1.0

0.80

13.8

15

1.8

0.92

1.0

1.0

0.80

15.3

15

1.8

0.89

1.0

1.0

0.80

16.8

15

1.8

0.84

1.0

1.0

0.80

18.3
19.8
21.3

15
15
15

1.8
1.8
1.8

0.81
0.78
0.75

1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0
1.0
1.0

0.80
0.80
0.80

SPT(corr.)

15.6
14.2
13.2

Estimation of Aveage SPT Value


Data Number = 3
SPT (Average) = 14.3

m
m
m

CN
CS
CB

for SPT(N), effective overburden presure correction fac


sampling = 1
Bore radius correction. If bore radius is betwen 65 and 115 mm
If it has 150 mm radius, then CB is 1,05, and if it has 200 mm r

Dr. Ferhat zep

Energy Level

SPT(corrected)
N55

N1(60)

70
N (X)

#VALUE!

###

###

#VALUE!

rt gerilemsi
efektf rt gerilems,

20.1

16.4

15.1

12.9

31.8

23.9

17.4

14.2

13.1

11.20

58.3

35.7

15.6

12.8

11.7

10.0

84.8

47.5

14.2

11.7

10.7

9.2

111.2

59.3

13.2

10.8

9.9

8.5

137.7

71.0

12.6

10.3

9.5

8.1

164.2

82.8

11.6

9.5

8.7

7.5

186.3

90.2

11.0

9.0

8.3

7.1

217.2

106.3

10.7

8.8

8.0

6.9

243.7

118.1

10.1

8.2

7.6

6.5

265.8

125.5

9.7
9.3
9.0

7.9
7.6
7.4

7.3
7.0
6.8

6.2
6.0
5.8

296.7
323.1
349.6
376.1

141.7
153.4
165.2
177.0

rrection factor

5 and 115 mm, then CB is 1


as 200 mm radius, then CB is 1,15.

suieren tabaka kaslnl


CN katsatys
tabak aklnl
0.80

0.80

2.0440

1.8

2.30

2.30

1.6735

1.5

3.80

3.80

1.4513

1.5

5.30

5.30

1.2991

1.5

6.80

6.80

1.1866

1.5

8.30

8.30

1.0990

1.5

9.80

9.80

1.0532

1.5

11.30

11.30

0.9697

1.5

12.80

12.80

0.9201

1.5

14.30

14.30

0.8928

1.5

15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30

15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30

0.8402
0.8073
0.7780
0.7517

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5

To

ESTIMATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS FROM GEOPHYSICAL DATA


Measured Geophysical Parameters
P WAVE VELOCITY
S WAVE VELOCITY
DEPTH OF LAYER
RESISTIVITY VALUES

Derived Geotechnical Parameters


For 30m, Avarage S (SHEAR) WAVE VELOCITY
DENSITY (Gardner at al., 1974)
MAX SHEAR MODULUS (Kramer, 1996)
YOUNG MODULUS (Bowles, 1988)
POISSON RATIO (Bowles, 1988)
BULK MODULUS (Bowles, 1988)
SOIL FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD (Kanai, 1983)
qa (Uchiyama et al. 1984)
SOIL AMPLIFICATION (Midorikawa (1987)
SPT (N) VALUE (Imai and Yoshimura, 1977)
WATER CONTENT (Ozcep et al, 2009)

SYMBOL

UNITE

1.LAYER

2.LAYER

Vp
Vs
h

m/s

282

1000

m/s

133

235

1.87

ohm-m

22

SYMBOL

UNITE

1.LAYER

2.LAYER

Vs (30)

Gmax
E

K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w

m/sn

224

gr/cm3

1.27

1.74

kg/cm

224.4

961.2

kg/cm2

608.9

2827.5

0.36

0.47

kg/cm2

709.5

16124.2

sn
kg/cm2

0.9
0.98

Relative

3.55
2.6

Blow Count

31

45
45

34
34

If

ESTIMATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS FROM GEOPHYSICAL DAT


( For 3 Layers)
Measured Geophysical Parameters
P WAVE VELOCITY
S WAVE VELOCITY
DEPTH OF LAYER
RESISTIVITY VALUES

Derived Geotechnical Parameters


For 30m, Avarage S (SHEAR) WAVE VELOCITY
DENSITY (Gardner at al., 1974)
MAX SHEAR MODULUS (Kramer, 1996)
YOUNG MODULUS (Bowles, 1988)
POISSON RATIO (Bowles, 1988)
BULK MODULUS (Bowles, 1988)
SOIL FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD (Kanai, 1983)
qa (Uchiyama et al. 1984)
SOIL AMPLIFICATION (Midorikawa (1987)
SPT (N) VALUE (Imai and Yoshimura, 1977)
WATER CONTENT (Ozcep et al., 2009)

SYMBOL

UNITE

1.LAYER

2.LAYER

Vp
Vs
h

m/s

235

500

m/s

150

275

1.6

1.2

ohm-m

SYMBOL

UNITE

1.LAYER

2.LAYER

Vs (30)

Gmax
E

K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w

m/sn

433

gr/cm3

1.21

1.46

kg/cm2

272.7

1106.9

kg/cm2

630.5

2840.6

0.16

0.28

kg/cm2

305.7

2183.3

sn
kg/cm2

0.4
1.29

Relative

5.07
1.8

Blow Count

49

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

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Dr. Ferhat zep

stp1
If you dont have a value, please sign " " ( dash) !

AL DATA
3.LAYER
1500
500
?
-

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sign " - " ( dash) !

stp1
8

3.LAYER
1.93
4815.7
13845.1
0.44
36920.3
19.54
REF
#VALUE!

spt2
49

spt3
301

spt2
31

Imai and Yoshimura (1977)

Imai (1978)

Lee (1990)

Clay

Silt

Sand

Sand

Clay

Sand

HalocenePleistocene

Clay

All Soils

Gravel

Gravelly Sand

Coarse Sand

Middle Sand

Fine Sand

Clay

Gravel

Halocene
Gravelly Sand

Coarse Sand

Middle Sand

Fine Sand

Clay

All Soils

All Soils

SPT (N)

Pleistocene

Pliestocene
Okamoto at al. (1989)

Ohta and Goto (1978)

Dr. Ferhat zep

Depth (m)

yisan (1994)

To return "main options" , click


the cell !

Sand

Ohba andToriumi (1970)

SPT (N) - Vs Velocity Relationships

Vs (m/s)

1.8

151 160 134 147 144 153 155 195 103 112 110 118 119 150 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

3.3

151 160 152 165 162 173 174 220 116 127 125 133 134 169 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

4.8

151 160 164 178 175 186 188 237 126 137 134 143 144 182 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

6.3

151 160 173 188 185 197 199 250 133 144 142 151 152 192 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

7.8

151 160 180 196 193 205 207 261 138 151 148 158 159 201 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

9.3

151 160 187 203 200 213 215 271 143 156 153 163 165 208 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

10.8

151 160 192 210 206 219 221 279 148 161 158 168 170 214 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

12.3

151 160 197 215 211 225 227 286 152 165 162 173 174 220 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

13.8

151 160 202 220 216 230 232 293 155 169 166 177 178 225 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

15.3

151 160 206 225 221 235 237 299 158 173 169 180 182 229 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

16.8

151 160 210 229 225 240 242 305 161 176 173 184 185 234 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

18.3

151 160 214 233 229 244 246 310 164 179 176 187 189 238 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

19.8

151 160 217 237 232 248 250 315 167 182 178 190 192 242 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

21.3

151 160 220 240 236 251 253 319 169 184 181 193 194 245 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

22.8

151 160 223 243 239 255 257 324 171 187 183 195 197 249 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

24.3

151 160 226 247 242 258 260 328 174 189 186 198 200 252 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

25.8

151 160 229 250 245 261 263 332 176 192 188 200 202 255 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

27.3

151 160 232 252 248 264 266 336 178 194 190 203 204 258 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

28.8

151 160 234 255 250 267 269 339 180 196 192 205 207 260 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

30.3

151 160 236 258 253 270 272 343 181 198 194 207 209 263 151

233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218

Imai and Yoshimura (1977)

Clay

1.8

150

15

10

72

44

49

33

32

184 125

193 227

3.3

150

35

21

24

16

16

184 125

193 227

4.8

150

23

14

15

11

10

184 125

193 227

6.3

150

17

10

11

184 125

193 227

7.8

150

13

184 125

193 227

9.3

150

10

184 125

193 227

10.8

150

184 125

193 227

12.3

150

184 125

193 227

13.8

150

Vs (m/s)

Depth (m)

Clay

193 227

Clay

184 125

Clay

Sand

HalocenePleistocene

Clay

Pliestocene
Okamoto at al. (1989)

Imai (1978)

Sand

Gravel

Gravelly Sand

Coarse Sand

Middle Sand

Fine Sand

Gravel

Halocene
Gravelly Sand

Coarse Sand

Middle Sand

Fine Sand

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

Pleistocene

All Soils

yisan (1994)

Ohta and Goto (1978)

All Soils

Ohba andToriumi (1970)

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Kiku at al. (2001)

Sykora and Stokoe (1983)

Vs Veleocity - SPT (N) Relationships

SPT (N)

184 125

193 227

15.3

150

184 125

193 227

16.8

150

184 125

193 227

18.3

150

184 125

193 227

19.8

150

184 125

193 227

21.3

150

184 125

193 227

22.8

150

184 125

193 227

24.3

150

184 125

193 227

25.8

150

184 125

193 227

27.3

150

184 125

193 227

28.8

150

184 125

193 227

30.3

150

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Kiku at al. (2001)

Lee (1990)

Sykora and Stokoe (1983)

ai (1978)

Sand

Sand

Silt

Clay

All Soils

All Soils

Clay

All Soils

Pleistocene

15

14

17

31

15

16

15

11

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

15

UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sample 1
Liquit Limid (%) =
Plastic Limit (%) =
Plastisity Index (%) =
Sample 2
Liquid Limit (%) =
Plastic Limit (%) =

Sample 3

75
60
15

Liquid Limit (%) =


Plastic Limit (%) =
Plastisity Index (%) =
Sample 4

45
30

Liquid Limit (%) =


Plastic Limit (%) =

Plastisity Index (%) =

15

Plastisity Index (%) =

60
Sample 1
Sample 3
Column U

Plastisity Index PI (%)

50

Sample 2
Sample 4

A Line

40

CH

30

MH & OH
CL

20
CL&ML

10

ML & OL

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Liquit Limid LL (%)

Figure 1. LL-PI curve

100

Percentage Fine (%)

90
Column L

80

Column O

70

Column R

60

Column U

50

Column X

40
30
20
10
0
0.001

0.01

0.1

Grain Size (mm)

Figure 2. Granulometry Curve

Use Figure 2 !

10

100

Use Figure 2 !
Use Figure 2 !

D10 (mm)
D30 (mm)
D60 (mm)

Use Figure 2 !

0.9
3
7

Cu (uniformity coeficient)
Cz

7.78
1.43

Sieve No 200

First and or Second letter


G=Gravel
S=Sand
M=Silt
C=Clay
O=Organic
Pt=Peat
Second Letter
W= well graded
P=poorly graded
M=Silt
C=Clay
L= Low Plastisity
H= High Plastisity

Passed
45

Retained
55
COARSE GRAINED SOILS
Use the Sieve 4 's Results !
Soil Type is such as:
GM,GC,SM,SC

COARSE GRAINED SOILS


Main Symbol

Sieve No 4
Type
Main Symbol

Passed
40
GRAVEL
G

Retained
60

WELL
POORLY

Sub-Symbol (1)
Cz
Grading
Sub-Symbol
Soil Symbol

1.43
POORLY
P
G P

Sub-Symbol (2)
PI
8
LL
25
Soil Sub-Symbol
C

PI

M
PI Koulu
Alt Simge
A izgisi Kolu
Alt Simge

To return " main options", click cell !

Dr. Ferhat zep

55
20
35
45
20

25

FINE GRAINED SOIL

PI
Main Symbol

32
C

LL
Second Symbol

48
L

19.6

PI

Soil Symbol
FALSE
CL
80

90

FALSE

100

Unified Soil Classifi


Sample A
Column L
Column O
Column R
Column U
Column X

100

Sample B

Grain Size
(mm)

Percentage
Fine (%)

Grain Size
(mm)

Percentage
Fine (%)

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063

95.00
89.60
86.40
82.90
72.30
35.70
15.400
9.60
1.2
0.8

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063

85.00
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
14.000
5.00
4
0.9

Soil Type is such as:


GM,GC,SM,SC

RSE GRAINED SOILS


he Sieve 4 's Results !
s such as:
SM,SC

3.5
C

C
C

LL
0.0
25.5
30.0

PI
4.0
4.0
7.3

1000.0
30.0

715.4
7.3

1000.0

892.8

50
50.0

0
1000.0

lassification System
Sample C

Sample D

Sample E

Grain Size
(mm)

Percentage
Fine (%)

Grain Size
(mm)

Percentage
Fine (%)

Grain Size
(mm)

Percentage
Fine (%)

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063

92.00
87.00
84.00
79.00
72.00
55.00
22.000
14.00
4
1

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063

98.00
88.00
75.00
74.00
72.30
46.00
19.000
9.00
6
1

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063

93.00
88.00
86.40
81.00
73.00
31.00
21.000
13.00
3
0.9

SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

Dr. Fer

To return "main options" , click the


cell !

(STATIC & DYNAMIC)


Structural Data

Df

Footing Length, m

B
L

4
5

Radius for Circular Foundation, m

2.1

1.8

Depth of Footing beneath ground surface, m


Footing Width, m

Laboratory Data and Coefficients


Cohesion, ton/m2
Unit Weigth of Backfill Soil, ton/m3
Unit Weigth of Soil beneath Footing, ton/m

2 Foundations
1.8
/ Lower Layer from

Terzaghi (1943)
Meyerhof (1963)

Angle of Shearing Resistance (o)

30

Foundation Slope from vertical direction (0)

Terzaghi (1948)

Bearing Capacity Coefficients

Nq

22.4

Meyerhof (1973)

Bearing Capacity Coefficients

Nq
Nc
Nc
N

18.3
37.0
30.0
22.3
15.6

Bearing Capacity Coefficients


Bearing Capacity Coefficients
Bearing Capacity Coefficients

Bearing Capacity Coefficients

N
Kp

2.993

Shape Coefficients

sc

1.479

sq
s
dc
dq

1.239
1.239

Bearing Capacity Coefficients

Shape Coefficients
Shape Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Depth Coefficients
Slope Coefficients
Slope Coefficients
Slope Coefficients

d
ic
iq
i

1.259
1.130
1.130
1.000
1.000
1.000

Vesic (1973)
Meyerhof (1963)

If foundation is below the groundwater level, please use the effective unite weigth !
w
1.0
Water Unit Weigth, ton/m3
3
s
1.8
Saturate Unit Weigth, ton/m
From Lab oratory
3

0.8
Effective Unit Weigth, ton/m

Unit Conversion
1
10
100

kg/cm2
ton/m2
kN/m2 or kPa

10
1
100

ton/m2
kg/cm2
kN/m2 or kPa

100
10
1

kN/m2 or kPa
ton/m2
kg/cm2
1.478825

Unit Conversion

Unit Conversion

Kant (2003)

SPT (N) Value

10
30

1.259489

1.2394124085
1.2394124085

D ata

c, ton/m2

6.54

1.1297446915
1.1297446915

Dr. Ferhat zep

RESULTS
From Laboratory Data

Fondation Type

qult, ton/m2

Strip Foundation

278.69

Rectengular Foundation

284.50

Circular Foundation

257.86

Square Foundation

(1943)

285.95

1963)

qult, ton/m2

1948)

334.46

(1973)

973)

From in Situ Tests

1963)

Avarage Value
37.0
30.0

from the Footing depth to 2B depth


SPT (corrected)

20

For Max 25 mm settlement


Ground Water Level

GWL (m)
Df (m)
B (m)
Cw (water corr. coefficient)

Craig (1992)

Bowles (1996)
Meyerhof (1956)
1
1.5
2
0.8

For qa obtained fro


grounwater effect correc
(Cw) value must multy

With Burland ve Burbridge (1985) Approch


SPT (N) (Uncorrected)
B (m)
Ic

Seismic Soil Bearing Capacity (Richards at al., 1993)

oratory D ata

Horizontal Acceleration
Vertical Acceleration
Acceleration Coefficient

kh
kv

KpE

Angle of Shearing Resistance (o)

Seismic Bearin Capacity Factors


NqE
NcE
N
Foundation Type
Strip Foundation
Circular Foundation
Square Foundation

Laboratory and structural data must be


entered in related section !

Strip Foundation
Circular Foundation
Square Foundation

For Sandy Soils

With Zeveaert (1983) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acc
static
Acceleration (g)
c (coeficient)
dynamic

30
0.2
0.6666666667
24

Values must be between

With Okamoto (1984) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acc
3.0
1
1

static
Acceleration (g)
kh
SPT(N)
dynamic

30
0.2
0.1
10
26

Values must be b

1
1

c*ivvme

0.1333333333

2/3*sinfi
1-2/2sinfi

0.3331800684
0.6668199316
0.1999540311
0.8000459689
0.399839056

for Df B

Soil Bearing Capacity (qa)


With Geophysical (Vs velocity ) Data
(Tezcan at al, 2006)

Safety Factor
3

Vs V

Avarage Value
from the Foundation depth to 2B depth

Terzaghi (1943)'e Gre


qa , kPa

929
948
860
953

1115

600 m/sn

Vs

400 m/sn

Foundation Width

Meyerhof (1963)
qa , kPa

Vp

1.5 m

Soil Type

qa

18

kN/m3

0.97
169 kPa

Unit Weigth from Vp


Soil Bearing Capacity

From SPT(N) Data

birim hacim

qa , kPa
295
151

For qa obtained from SPT (N) data,


grounwater effect correction coefficient. This
(Cw) value must multyply with qa value !

qa
qa

165 kN/m2
175 kN/m2

qa

184 kN/m2

qa

204 kN/m2

Tr 1

17.2 kN/m3

Tr 2
Tr 3
Tr 4

18.2 kN/m3
19.2 kN/m3
21.2 kN/m3

vs>500
sv

qa
qa

175
#VALUE!

#VALUE!
175

dge (1985) Approch


12
2
0.053

alfa1
alfa2
alfa3

1
0.965
0.815
0.82

qa , kPa
292

alfa

0.71

ichards at al., 1993)


0.3
0.2
20.57
30
0
2.238
22.0
13.7
22.0
17.0

qult , ton/m2
181.25
170.69
182.90

Safety Factor
3
qa , kPa

604
569
610

hearing Resistance with Acceleration


Values must be between 25-35

hearing Resistance with Acceleration


Values must be between 5-20

Vp Velocity
Vs Velocity
Select from Table 1
Table 1.
p = o + 0.002 vp

(kN/m3)

o = 16 for loose sandy, silty and clayey soils (Soil Type1)


o = 17 for dense sand and gravel (Soil Type2)
o = 18 for mudstone, limestone, claystone, conglomerate, etc. (Soil Type 3)
o = 20 for sandstone, tuff, graywacke, schist, etc. (Soil Type 4)
qa = 0.024 vs
If Vs>500 m/sn,
qa = 0.024 vs sv 30.6

sv = 1 3 x 10

-6

( vs- 500 ) 1.6

If B value is 0 B 1,2 m, then = 1


If B value is 1,2 B 3,0 m, then a = (1,13-0,11*B)
If B value is 3,0 B 12 m , then = (0,83 - 0,001*B)
If B value is bigger then 12, then a = 0,71.

l Type 3)

spt
0
yas
0
0.00
0.00

294.8814
327.2727

196.0364
151.4357
sptden treyen vs hz
sptdz st snr
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS (Static& Dynamic)

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Dr. Ferhat zep

Structure Data
q
Df
B
L

qnet

Contact Presure, ton /m2


Depth of Footing, m
Width of Footing , m
Footing Length, m
Unit Weigth, ton/m3
Net Contact Presure

100
2
3
2
1.8
96.4
945.4
Load

Analysis with Static Loads


Settlement (Immediate, Coarse Grained Soils)

Burland ve Burbrigde (1985) Approach


q
L
B
H
t

100
2
3
5
10
10
2
1.8

SPT(N)Correct.

Df

Ic
r
r3
Z1

ton/m2
m
m
m
yl

Ticknes of Layer
for Analysis
Duration (min 3 years)
Average value for 2B depth

m
ton/m3

From Figure 1

7
0.2
0.3
2.2 m

fs
f
ft

Fom Table 1
Fom Table 1

0.8
1.0
1.4

Net Structure Load

qnet

96.40 ton/m2
945.4 kN/m2
Average (mm)

Si (Settlement)

161.2
53.7
E (kN/m2)
(poison ratio)
mv (m2/kN)

Settlemet (Consolidation) II

mv
H
qnet

0.0001 m2/kN
3 m
145 kN/m2
Sc (Settlement)

43.5

Settlement (Clayed Soils) III

0
1
q
B
L
Df
H
Ed
qnet
Si

20
0.9
0.55
240
3
6
1.5
3.5
7
210

kN/m3

form Figure 3
form Figure 3

kN/m2
m
m
m
m
MN/m2
kN/m2

44.55 mm

Figure 3. Impact factors for settlements

From SPT Value or from Tables

Settlement IV
q
L
B
Df

E
qnet
Is
Is

240
6
3.5
2
20
0.5
7
200
1.44
1.11

kN/m2
m
m
m
kN/m3

from Table 3

MN/m2
kN/m2
Fexible Foundation
Rigit Foundation

from SPT Value of Tables

Settlement (Si)
107.9 mm
83.2 mm

Simple Approaches (1)


Settlemet (from qa obtained SPT value) V
qnet
qa

240 kN/m2
250 kN/m2
Settlement (Si)
24.0 mm

Simple Approaches (2)


from SPT Value (Meyerhof Approach) VI
qnet
SPT (N)
B

240 kN/m2
15
1.5 m
Settlement (Si)
25.2 mm
30.4 mm

Simple Approaches (3)


form SPT values (Terzaghi and Peck Approach) VII
qnet
240 kN/m2
SPT (N)
15
B
1.5 m
Df
1.5 m
G.W.L.
3 m
Settlement (Si)

for Raft Foundations

34.6 mm

Simple Approaches (4)


form SPT value (Bowles, 1977) VIII
SPT
B
q

15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2

24
20.809712
22.998982

Settlement (Si)
23.0 mm
Simple Approaches (5)
from SPT value (Meyerhof, 1974) IX
SPT
B
q

15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2

for Silty Sand


for Sand and Gravel

Settlement (Si)
32.7 mm
16.3 mm

Simple Approaches (6)


form SPT value (Meyerhof 1965) X
SPT
B
q

15
1.5 m
240 KN/m2

24
33.295539
34.498474

Settlement (Si)
34.5 mm

Dr. Ferhat zep

Analysis with Dynamic Loads (1)


Ishihara ve Yoshimine (1992) Approach
For this analysis, you must do soil liquefaction analysis and must find Safety factor (SF) !
Safety factor for soil liquefaction

SF
N1(60)
Dr
h (m)
N1
/ %

0.45
6
40
1
6.6
4.2

Analysis with Dynamic Loads (2)

Corrected SPT60 value


Relative density of soils
tickness of liqeufable layer

Settlement Sd

From Figure 4; by SF
and N1 (or Dr) value

Tokimatsu ve Seed (1984) Approach


For this analysis, you must do soil liquefaction analysis and must find CSR !
Cylic Stress Ratio

CSR
N1(60)
h (m)
/%

0.4
10
10
2.5

Corrected SPT60 value


tickness of liqeufable layer
From Figure 5; by CSR and N1 (60) value

Settlement Sd

Analysis with Dynamic Loads (2)


For Dry Sands
Krinitsky et al. (1993)

Acceleration of earthquake
Corrected SPT60 value

Acceleration
N1(60)
h (m)
/ %

0.45
9
10
0.35

tickness of sand layer


From figure 6, by acceleration adn N1 (60) value

Settlement Sd

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Dr. Ferhat zep

ton/m2
kN/m2 yada kPa
Load

Ticknes of Layer
for Analysis
Duration (min 3 years)
Average value for 2B depth
From Figure 1

Fom Table 1
Fom Table 1

-0.7

ucture Load

Table 1
r
r3
12000
0.3
0.00010000

mm

Francis (1964)

0.2
0.3

Estimation Elastisity Modulus form emprical relations

form Figure 3
form Figure 3

From SPT Value or from Tables

Estimation of Elastisity Modulus form SPT (N) Value for Sands


SPT (N) Value
5
E
Sands (normallly Consalidated)
9545 kPa
21132 kPa
Sands (Saturate)
4773 kPa
Sands (Overconsolidated)
29250 kPa
Gravelly Sand and Gravel
12109 kPa
Clayed Sand
6109 kPa
Silty Sand
3027 kPa
Estimation of Elastisity Modulus form qu value for clays
qu
98 kPa
E
Ip > 30 min
max
Ip < 30 or Stiff Clay min
max

Normally Consollidated Sensitive Clay


Normally Consolidated Sensitive
and weak Consolidated Clay
Strong Overconsolidated Clay

4900
24500
24500
73500
Min
kPa
9800
36750
73500

Table 2 . Elastisity modulus for different type of soils


Soil Types
E Value (MN/m2)
Soft Clays
2 ila 5
Stiff Clay
4 ila 8
Firm Clay
7 ila 20
Sandy Clays
30 ila 40
Silty Clays
7 ila 20
Loose Sand
10 ila 25
Dense Sand
50 ila 90
Dense Gravel-Sand
100 ila 200
Table 3. Poison ratio for different types of Soils
(poison Oran)
Soil Type
Satutated Clay
0,4-0,5
Unsturated Clay
or Sandy Clay
0,2-0,4
Sand ( = 40)
0,3-0,4
Sand ( = 20)
0,1-0,2
Silt
0,3-0,4

Rock

from Table 3

from SPT Value of Tables

(Flexible Foundation)
(Rigit Foundation)

25.2
20.3

for Raft Foundations

0,1-0,4

Dr. Ferhat zep

must find Safety factor (SF) !

Figure 4

oil liquefaction

60 value

y of soils

qeufable layer

) F S( r ot c aF yt ef a S

4.2
cm

e 4; by SF
Dr) value

must find CSR !

c Stress Ratio

SPT60 value

s of liqeufable layer

gure 5; by CSR and N1 (60) value

25
cm

celeration of earthquake

Corrected SPT60 value


tickness of sand layer

re 6, by acceleration adn N1 (60) value

3.5
cm

Figure 1. Estiamtion of Ic coefficient form SPT Values For sands and


(Burland ve Burbrigde (1985).

ical relations

T (N) Value for Sands


5
E
10 MN/m2
21 MN/m2
5 MN/m2
29 MN/m2
12 MN/m2
6 MN/m2
3 MN/m2

Estimation of elastisity modulus form SPT value


SPT value
Sand
Clayed Sand
Silt (with sand)
Gravel (with sand)
Sand(min)
Sand (max)

u value for clays

Estimation of elastisity modulus both SPT value and poison r


E

kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa

4.9
24.5
24.5
73.5

MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2

SPT value
Sand
Bowles (1988)

MN/m2
10

Max
kPa
24500

MN/m2
25

37
74

58800
98000

59
98

H / H (%)

Figure 4

Figure 5

n of Ic coefficient form SPT Values For sands and gravels


de (1985).

stisity modulus form SPT value


5
E
9560 kPa
3187 kPa
3237 kPa
2747 kPa
23999 kPa
34284 kPa
3630
2747
3237
12949
stisity modulus both SPT value and

Webb (1969)
Webb (1969)

10
3
4
3
24
34

MN/m
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
2

E
3908 kPa

Begeman (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)

poison ratio

Poison Ratio
0.3

Begeman (1974)

4 MN/m2

Farrent (1963)

H / H (%)

0.1

Figure 5

Webb (1969)
Webb (1969)
Begeman (1974)
Begeman (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)
Tromifenkov (1974)

Farrent (1963)

Figure 6

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Acceleration (g)

0.5

ESTIMATION OF SUBGRADE REACTION COEFFICIENT


1. APPROACH
SPT Data
Scot (1981)
SPT (N) Value

ks
ks

Scott (1981)
Dr. Ferhat zep

15

2700 ton/m3
27000 kN/m3

2. APPROACH
From Figure
qu
SPT(N)

2.0 kg/cm2
13

By using qu or SPT(N) values, Angle of Shearing Resistance or qu,

please estimate the subgrade reaction coefficient from following Figure1 !

To retur

Figure 1. Estimation od Subgrade Reaction coefficient ffrom SPT, qu and Angle of Shearing Resistance ( ) (from ekerciolu, 2002

To return "main options" , click the cell !


Bowles (1988) Yaklam

3. APPROCH
Ferhat zep

Bowles (1988)

110 kN/m2

qa

SF (safety Factor)

ks

17600 kN/m3

4. APPROCH
For Clayed Soils

Bowles (1988)

qu

620

ks

24.000-48.000

kN/m2

kN/m3

5. APPROCH
By using the following Table , please select the subgrade reaction coefficient !
Table (Bowles, 1988)
Soil Type
Loose Sand
Medium Dense Sand
Dense Sand
Silty Medium DenseSand
Clayed Medium Dense Sand
Clayed Soil (qu 200 kPa)
Clayed Soil (200 < qu 800 kPa)
Clayed Soil (qu > 800 kPa)

(ks), kN/m3
4.800 - 16.000
9.600 80.000
64.000 - 128.000
24.000 - 48.000
32.000 - 80.000
12.000 - 24.000
24.000 - 48.000
>48.000

stance ( ) (from ekerciolu, 2002)

on coefficient !

Bowles (1988) Yaklam

7. YAKLAIM
Bowles (1988)Yaklam
S (Oturma)
qnet

ks

30
250
8333

Bowles (1988) Yaklam

mm

kN/m2
kN/m3

Birim Dnm
1
10
100
Birim Dnm
10
1
100
Birim Dnm
100
10
1

Birim Dnm
kg/cm2
ton/m2
kN/m2 yada kPa

Birim Dnm
ton/m2
kg/cm2
kN/m2 yada kPa

Birim Dnm
kN/m2 yada kPa
ton/m2
kg/cm2

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS ( STATIC AND DYNAMIC)


Necessary Data
Slope angel,
Angle of Shearing Resistance,
Acceleration (g)

15
25
0.4

Cohesion, c

ton/m2

(Unit weigth)

1.7

ton/m3

Dr. Ferhat zep


To return "main options" , click the cell !

1. Approch : With Static Loads


For Sandy Soils
Slope Angle,

24

Angle of Shearing Resistance,

36

Safety Factor

FS

1.6

Figure 1. Slope Parameters


2. Approach: With Dynamic (Earthquake) Loads (Siyahi and Ansal, 1993)
Earthquake Acceleration (g)
Slope Angle,
Angle of Shearing Resistance,

0.4
45
29

N1(min)

2.17

FS

Please select one of the following values , 1g; 0,2g; 0,3g


ve 0,4g !
Safety Factor

0
3.90

1.2
1.2
MEDIUM RISK / BSL

Figure 2. Variation of N1(min) values with acceleration and slope angle (Siyahi and Ansal, 1993)

3. Approch: Slope triggered earthquake, and estimation of critical acceleration (ac) (Wilson et al., 1979)

g (gravitation)
c (cohesion)
Slope Angle,

980 cm/sn2
3 ton/m2
35

Angle of Shearing Resistance,


(Unit weigth)
h ( sliding layer tickness)

24
1.7 ton/m3
3 m

ac

0.38 g

ad

ac = Critical Acceleration
ad (design acceleration)

0.30 g
NO RISK

4. Approch: Slices Method (Static State)

slice number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

FS

1.1

slice width

slice
length

Slice
length
under
GWL

unite
weigth

angle
form
vertical

b (m)

h (m)

hw (m)

(kN/m3)

3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.5

1.0
2.5
4.2
5.8
7.0
8.0
8.9
9.4
9.6
9.5
8.8
7.1
4.5
1.6

1.0
2.4
4.0
5.4
6.4
7.4
7.6
7.5
6.1
6.1
4.9
2.8
0.2
0.0

19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

-22.0
-18.0
-9.0
-3.0
1.0
7.0
13.0
19.5
26.0
33.0
40.5
48.5
56.7
65.5

kh= acceleration coeficient

5. Approch: Slices Method (Dynamic/Earthquake State) (Das, 1993)

slice number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

kh
R

0.12
22.83

FS

0.8

unite
weigth

slice width

slice length

slice
length
under
GWL

b (m)
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.5

h (m)
1.0
2.5
4.2
5.8
7.0
8.0
8.9
9.4
9.6
9.5
8.8
7.1
4.5
1.6

hw (m)
1.0
2.4
4.0
5.4
6.4
7.4
7.6
7.5
6.1
6.1
4.9
2.8
0.2
0.0

(kN/m3)
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

radius (m)

angle
form
vertical

-22.0
-18.0
-9.0
-3.0
1.0
7.0
13.0
19.5
26.0
33.0
40.5
48.5
56.7
65.5

L
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

r. Ferhat zep

Dr. Ferhat zep


0

#VALUE!

0.1
3.42

0.2
2.93

0.3
2.52

0.4
2.17

Table 1. Risk Levels for Microzonation


SF

Risk Level

<=1

Higher Risk

1< GK <=2

Medium Risk

BSL

Lower Risk

CSL

>2

Symbol
ASL

ac = Critical Acceleration
ad (design acceleration)

Dilim Arl
cohesion
(kN/m2)

Angle of
Shearing
Resistance

c'

'

12
12
12
18
12
12
18
12
12
12
12
12
12
12

24
24
24
24
24
24
45
24
24
24
24
24
24
24

wi

bi/cosi

wi.cosi

57
114
192
264
319
365
406
429
438
433
401
324
137
46

3.24
2.52
2.43
2.40
2.40
2.42
2.46
2.55
2.67
2.86
3.16
3.62
2.91
3.61

52.85
108.43
189.16
264.12
319.15
362.08
395.45
404.08
393.50
363.38
305.23
214.63
75.16
18.93

39.25

kh= acceleration coeficient


radius (m)

cohesion
(kN/m2)

Angle of
Shearing
Resistance

c'
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12

'
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24

Dilim Arl
wi

bi/cosi

wi.cosi

57
114
192
264
319
365
406
429
438
433
401
324
137

3.24
2.52
2.43
2.40
2.40
2.42
2.46
2.55
2.67
2.86
3.16
3.62
2.91

52.85
108.43
189.16
264.12
319.15
362.08
395.45
404.08
393.50
363.38
305.23
214.63
75.16

46

3.61
39.25

18.93

0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)

ui

ubi/cosi

(7)-(9)

wi.sini

tanfi

tan fi x 7-9

10
24
40
54
64
74
76
75
61
61
49
28
2
0

32
61
97
130
154
179
187
191
163
175
155
101
6
0

21
48
92
134
166
183
208
213
231
189
151
113
69
19
1836

-21
-35
-30
-14
6
44
91
143
192
236
261
242
114
41

0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.999204
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974

9.122033
21.29868
40.92385
59.77795
73.65573
81.49757
208.0902
94.84067
102.626
84.03431
67.02298
50.40111
30.85433
8.425168
932.5705

1270

toplam bi/cosa i * cohesion


38.8242
30.28055
29.15863
43.25923
28.80438
29.01606
44.33516
30.55058
32.03934
34.33355
37.86292
43.44275
34.94454
43.35046
500.2023

ui

ubi/cosi

(7)-(9)

10
24
40
54
64
74
76
75
61
61
49
28
2

32
61
97
130
154
179
187
191
163
175
155
101
6

21
48
92
134
166
183
208
213
231
189
151
113
69

tanfi

tan fi x 7-9

0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974
0.444974

9.122033
21.29868
40.92385
59.77795
73.65573
81.49757
92.66854
94.84067
102.626
84.03431
67.02298
50.40111
30.85433

wi.sini kh wi (L/R)

-21
-35
-30
-14
6
44
91
143
192
236
261
242
114

6.3
12.0
19.1
25.0
28.5
30.7
32.0
31.5
29.9
27.3
23.2
17.0
6.5

toplam bi/cosa i * cohesion


38.8242
30.28055
29.15863
28.83948
28.80438
29.01606
29.55677
30.55058
32.03934
34.33355
37.86292
43.44275
34.94454

19
1836

41
1270

1.9
291.0

0.444974

8.425168
817.1489

43.35046
471.0042

PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS


Year Interval

Prap
Dr.Fer
(stanbu
Department of Ge

105

Poison Probability Distribution


Point number for regression

Magnitude Intervals
Ni (Occurence Numbers)
Average Magnitude M or (Xi)
Ni (cummulative)
Ni/t
Log Ni/t yada (Yi)

To return "main options" , click the cell !

4.5 M <5.0
28

5.0 M < 5.5


11

5.5 M <6.0
5

6.0 M <6.5
1

4.7
47
0.4476190476
-0.3490914411

5.2
19
0.180952381
-0.7424356981

5.7
8
0.0761904762
-1.1180993121

6.2
3
0.0285714286
-1.5440680444

a
b

2.735499955
-0.669693076

35.7000000
-7.4950431
216.7900000

Xi
Yi
Xi^2

Log (N) = a - b* M

-47.5254136
1274.4900000

XiYi
(Xi)^2

Magnitude - Frequency Relation


(Recurrence Relationships)

To draw corectly the


graph, erase "0" cell !

FREQUENCY (N)

0.0

-0.6696930764x
+ 2.7354999552
4 f(x) =
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
0.5
R = 0.9865395651
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

MAGNTUDE

7.5

Poison Probability Distribution


Risk = Rm = 1- e-(N(M) *D)
Probability (%) For D (Year)

N(M)
0.2438
0.1128
0.0522
0.0241
0.0112
0.0052

Magnitude
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5

10
91.3
67.6
40.6
21.4
10.6
5.0

50
100.0
99.6
92.6
70.1
42.8
22.7

D (year)

100
100.0
100.0
99.5
91.0
67.2
40.3

M (magnitude)

30

20

, Epicentral Distance (km)

H, Focal depth (km)

25

15

29.2

Esteva (1970)

Donavan(1973c)

Oliviera (1974)

Joyner ve Boore (1981)

Campbell (1997)

0.14

0.21

0.14

0.37

0.38

Acceleration values for D (year) and


exceedence of probability

a (g)

Probability of Exceedence (%)

75
100.0
100.0
98.0
83.6
56.7
32.1

7.3
Dr. Ferhat zep

Joyner ve Boore (1981) Attenuation Relationship

0.64
8.2
-0.051293
-0.00171
-6.371393
-2.767061

Probability of Exceedence (%)

5
alma olasl
byklk

90
80
70
10
60
50
0.49
40
30
7.7
20
-0.1053605157
10
-0.0035120172
0
-5.6515647090.10
-2.4544433672

20

40

80

0.37

0.27

0.18

7.3

6.7

6.0

-0.2231435513
-0.0074381184
-4.9011373684
0.20
-2.1285369142

0.30

-0.5108256238
-0.0170275208
-4.0729243738
0.40
-1.7688485807
Acceleration
(g)

-1.6094379124
-0.0536479304
0.50 -2.9253123863
0.60
-1.2704470272

0.70

Pro

###

-5.189943322

Acceleration (g)
-4.504348536

-4.864036869
Figure. Hazard Curve

-4.005946982

Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relationship by Boore et al. (1997)


Design Earthquake Magnitude (Mw)
Rjb
Vs, 30

Moment Magnitude (Mw>=5)

7.3
20
800

closest horizontal distance from the station to a point in km


average shear-wave velocity (m/s) to a depth of 30 m

unspecified faulting mechanism

strike-slip fault

reverse-slip fault

Acceleration (g)

Period (s)
0.0
0.2
1.0

0.18
0.42
0.17

0.17
0.38
0.16

0.20
0.45
0.18

Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relationship


0.50
0.45
Acceleration (g)

0.40
0.35

Column B

0.30

Column C

0.25
0.20

Column D

0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.0

0.2

0.4

bss
brv
ball

0.6
Period (s)

0.8

1.0

-0.313
-0.117
-0.242

1.2

0.999
1.17
1.089

-1.113
-1.009
-1.08

b2
b3
b5
bv
Va
h

10
alma olasl
byklk

0.527
0
-0.778
-0.371
1396
5.57

10

20

0.711
-0.207
-0.924
-0.292
2118
7.02

40

80

0.64

0.64

0.46

0.32

0.20

8.2

8.2

7.7

7.0

6.2

-0.105361
-0.002107
-6.16239
-2.676292
###

-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-4.722921644

-0.2231435513
-0.004462871
-5.4119629922
-2.3503856638
-4.397015191

-0.5108256238
-0.0102165125
-4.5837499975
-1.9906973303
-4.037326857

-1.6094379124
-0.0321887582
-3.4361380101
-1.4922957768
-3.538925304

1.036
-0.032
-0.798
-0.698
1406
2.9

Prapared by :
Dr.Ferhat zep
(stanbul University)
Department of Geophysical Engineering

6.5 M <7.0
1

7.0 M <7.5
1

6.7
2
0.019047619
-1.7201593034

7.2
1
0.00952381
-2.0211893

Dr. Ferhat zep

For each year, Select


single extreme ( or
maximum) value for
magnitude in the t
(year interval). If there
is no earthquake data in
any year, designate 4,5
value for magnitude for
that year.

GUMBEL EXTREME VALUES


Seismic Hazard Analysis
Point Number for Regression

t (year interval)
14

Magnitude (xi)

Occurence Numbers, J

4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.4

50
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1

6.7
7.4

1
1

J / (t+1)
0.7042
0.0423
0.0141
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0282
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141

G(M)
0.7042
0.7465
0.7606
0.8028
0.8169
0.8310
0.8451
0.8592
0.8873
0.9296
0.9437
0.9577

0.0141
0.0141
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.9718
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859

70
This value must be equal t
(year interval)

MAGNITUDE- FREQUENCY RELATIONS


(Recurrence Relationships)

Average
Return Period

4
9
19
41
90
194

FREQUENCY

(Yl)

0.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
f(x) = -0.494996841x + 1.7932110664
0.5 R = 0.9830369721
1.0
1.5
2.0

ln

MAGNITUDE

1.793211066
-0.494996841

G (M) = exp (- D exp (- M))


-0.2231435513
-0.0074381184
-4.9011373684
-2.1285369142
-4.864036869

M (MAGNITUDE)
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5

1
18.8
11.1
6.4
3.7
2.1
1.2

10
87.5
69.2
48.6
31.4
19.2
11.3

D (year)
25
99.4
94.7
81.1
61.0
41.3
26.0

7.5

8.0

Gumbel Extreme Values


Probability of
D (year)
30

Exceedence (%)
10

, Epicentral Distance (km)

H, Focal depth (km)

50

15

52.2

Esteva (1970)

Donavan(1973c)

Oliviera (1974)

Joyner ve Boore(1981)

0.20

0.25

0.20

0.35

int in km

M (magnitude)
8.6

pth of 30 m

Joyner ve Boore (1981) Attenuation Relationship


10
20
40

0.50

0.35
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
-0.0512932944 20 -0.1053605157
2.75250599E-005 10
5.6538667175E-005
0 -9.7805857791
-10.5004137008
0.05 8.6
0.10 0.15
9.2
Probability of Exceedence (%)

Acceleration (g)

0.24

-0.2231435513
0.0001197435
-9.0301584386
0.20 7.9
0.25 0.30

0.16

-0.5108256238
0.0002741198
-8.2019454439
0.35 7.2
0.40 0.45

Acceleration (g)

Figure. Hazard Curve

0.50

0.55

-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-4.722921644

1951

6.2
3
0.0285714
-1.54406804

1948

1945

1942

1939

1936

5.7
8
0.0761905
-1.118099

1933

1930

1927

1924

1921

5.2
19
0.1809524
-0.74243570

1918

1915

1912

4.7
47
0.4476190
###

1909

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1906

-1.5440
-1.8482

TIME DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUA

1903

0.0286
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142

Yi
[log[-lnG(M)]]
-0.4551
-0.5340
-0.5627
-0.6583
-0.6941
-0.7325
-0.7738
-0.8187
-0.9225
-1.1365
-1.2367
-1.3648

1900

[-lnG(M)]
0.3507
0.2924
0.2737
0.2196
0.2022
0.1851
0.1683
0.1518
0.1195
0.0730
0.0580
0.0432

Prapared by :
Dr.Ferhat zep
(Istanbul University)
Department of Geophysical Engineering

Frequency

70

Yea

ATIONS
ps)

.0
4

7.5

8.0

Xi
Yi
Xi^2
XiYi
(Xi)^2

77.55
-13.2820501
438.6525000
-78.0680836
6014.0025000

Years
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912

Numbers of Eartquakes
1
1
7

5
2

1913

UDE
0.434294482
1.14
62.12
PROB= 1 - G(M)

)
50
100.0
99.7
96.4
84.8
65.5
45.2

100
100.0
100.0
99.9
97.7
88.1
70.0

1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
2
1
3

-0.1053605157
5.6538667E-005
-9.7805857791

Campbell (1997)

0.71

tionship

.40

80

0.09

0.45

-1.6094379124
0.0008636582
-7.0543334565
0.50 6.2
0.55

1938
1939
1940
1941

2
3

1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948

1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978

3
1

3
9
5
4
1
1
1
1
1

1
2
7
1
3
2
1
3
1
1
4
5
1

1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005

5
2
1
2
4
3
1
2
2
2
1
3
6
3
1
2
1
2
2
4
1
9

2005

2002

1999

1996

1993

1990

1987

1984

1981

6.7
7.2
2
1
0.0190476
0.0095238
Year
-1.72015930 -2.02118930

1978

1975

1972

1969

1966

1963

1960

1957

1954

1951

1948

1945

1942

1939

OF EARTHQUAKES

Magnitude
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

Number
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

100
100
100
100
25
25
25
20
15
15
14
14
12
12
10
3
2
2
3

Gutenberg ve Richter (1956)

Magnitude
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

Number
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Realesed Total Energy


70159748936574000000000 Erg

Moment Magnitude
Surface Wave Magnitude
Body Wavde Magnitude
Duration Magnitude

Mw
Ms

7
6.9

Ms
Mb

6.9
6.8

Mw
Mb

7
6.8

Ms

6.9

Enerji
8.91251E+014
1.25893E+015
1.77828E+015
2.51189E+015
4.2
3.54813E+015
3.8
5.01187E+015
Bath (1973)
7.07946E+015
3.8
1.00000E+016
5
1.41254E+016
1.99526E+016
4.2
2.81838E+016
5
3.98107E+016
Ulusay et al. (2004)
5.62341E+016
6.9
7.94328E+016

Md

6.9

6.9

3.8
Magnitude
Duration (Eartquake)

7.6

6.9
Hausner

31 sn
38 sn
33 sn

Watanabe (1977)
Donovan (1973)

1.12202E+017
1.58489E+017
2.23872E+017
3.16228E+017
4.46684E+017
6.30957E+017
8.91251E+017
1.25893E+018
1.77828E+018
2.51189E+018
3.54813E+018
5.01187E+018
7.07946E+018
1.00000E+019
1.41254E+019
1.99526E+019
2.81838E+019
3.98107E+019
5.62341E+019
7.94328E+019
1.12202E+020
1.58489E+020
2.23872E+020
3.16228E+020

Toplam E
1.78250E+017
2.51785E+017
3.55656E+017
5.02377E+017
7.09627E+017
1.00237E+018
1.41589E+018
2.00000E+018
2.82508E+018
1.99526E+018
2.81838E+018
3.98107E+018
5.62341E+018
7.94328E+018
1.12202E+019
1.58489E+019
2.23872E+019
3.16228E+019
4.46684E+019
1.57739E+019
2.22813E+019
3.14731E+019
3.55656E+019
3.76783E+019
5.32220E+019
7.01662E+019
9.91124E+019
1.20000E+020
1.69505E+020
1.99526E+020
8.45515E+019
7.96214E+019
1.12468E+020
2.38298E+020
2.24404E+020
3.16979E+020
2.23872E+020
6.32456E+020

4.46684E+020 4.46684E+020

0.15 g

6.30957E+020
8.91251E+020
1.25893E+021
1.77828E+021
2.51189E+021
3.54813E+021
5.01187E+021
7.07946E+021
1.00000E+022
1.41254E+022
1.99526E+022
0
0
0

6.30957E+020
8.91251E+020
1.25893E+021
1.77828E+021
2.51189E+021
3.54813E+021
5.01187E+021
7.07946E+021
1.00000E+022
1.41254E+022
1.99526E+022
0
0
0

0.15 g

0.26
0.43
0.34
0.18

0
0
0

0
0
0

MAXIMUM INTENSITY (Io) & MAGNITUDE AND ACCELARATION RELATION


Maximum Intensity (Io)
Magnitude (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956)

Magnitude (pek)
Magnitude (Tabban ve Genolu)
Magnitude (Bath, 1973)
Magnitude (Karnik)
Magnitude (Ansal, 1997)
Maximum Intensity (Io)
Accel. (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956)
Accel. (Bath, 1973)
Accel. (Wang ve Law, 1994)
Accel. (Wald ve di., 1999)
Accel. (Hessberger, 1956)
Accel. (Murphy, 1997)

8
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.1
8

g
g
g
g

FAULT RAPTURE & MAGNITUDE RELATION


Enerji
9E+014
1E+015
2E+015
3E+015
4E+015
5E+015
7E+015
1E+016
1E+016
2E+016
3E+016
4E+016
6E+016
8E+016
1E+017
2E+017
2E+017
3E+017
4E+017
6E+017
9E+017
1E+018
2E+018
3E+018
4E+018
5E+018
7E+018
1E+019
1E+019
2E+019
3E+019
4E+019
6E+019
8E+019
1E+020
2E+020
2E+020
3E+020

Fault Rapture (km)


110
Researcher
Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Douglas ve Ryall (1975)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Tocher (1958)
Toksz ve di. (1979)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells

ve
ve
ve
ve

Coppersmith
Coppersmith
Coppersmith
Coppersmith

(1994)
(1994)
(1994)
(1994)

Ms (magnitude)
Conditions
Region
7.4
between 5,8 and 8.0
Turkey
7.7
between 5,8 and 8.0 (shallow earthquakes)
World
7.5 between 5,8 and 8.0 (deep earthqaukes) World
7.5
bigger than 6,4
Nevada
7.3
6 ile 8
North Anatolia
8.2
Japan
8.4
smaller than 6
7.4
bigger than 6
7.6
smaller than 6
7.3
between 5,9 and 7,9
North Anatolia
7.4
Turkey
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.4
Ms (Magnitude)
7.6

Researcher
Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Douglas ve Ryall (1975)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Tocher (1958)
Toksz ve di. (1979)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

(Strike Slipe)
(Reverse)
(Normal)
(All Fault Types)

World
World
World
World

Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw

Mw (Magnitude)
7.6

Fault Rapture (km)


Conditions
Region
176.8
between 5,8 and 8.0
Turkey
94.3
between 5,8 and 8.0 (shallow earthquakes)
World
134.9 between 5,8 and 8.0 (deep earthqaukes) World
162.2
bigger than 6,4
Nevada
156.7
6 ile 8
North Anatolia
45.7
Japan
56.0
smaller than 6
168.0
bigger than 6
98.2
smaller than 6
203.2
between 5,9 and 7,9
North Anatolia
161.1
Turkey
118.6
(Strike Slipe)
World
84.7
(Reverse)
World
61.7
(Normal)
World
105.7
(All Fault Types)
World

Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw

4E+020

DISPLACEMENT (max) & MAGNITUDE RELATION

6E+020
9E+020
1E+021
2E+021
3E+021
4E+021
5E+021
7E+021
1E+022
1E+022
2E+022
3E+022
4E+022
6E+022

Researcher
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

Displacement
(m)
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.6
3.3
6.3

Conditions
between 3,4 and 8,3
bigger than 6,4
6 and 8
6 and 8,5
(Strike Slipe)

Region
North Anatolia
Japan
Asia
Turkey
World

Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw

8E+022

Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

2.3

(Reverse)

World

Mw

1E+023
2E+023 1.4E+023
2E+023

Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)


Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

7.3
5.9

(Normal)
(All Fault Types)

World
World

Mw
Mw

Conditions
between 3,4 and 8,3
bigger than 6,4
6 and 8
6 and 8,5
(Strike Slipe)
(Reverse)
(Normal)
(All Fault Types)

Region
North Anatolia
Japan
Asia
Turkey
World
World
World
World

Magnitude Type
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw

Ms (Magnitude)
7.6

Mw (Magnitude)
7.6

Displacement
(m)
5

Researcher
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

Magnitude
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.4
6.8
7.1
7.2

ude Type

ude Type

ude Type

ude Type

Donavan(1973c)

McGuier (1974)

Orphal and Lahoud (1974)

Shah et al. (1973)

0.30
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

0.41
0.36
0.32
0.29
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03

0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02

0.22
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03

0.29
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04

0.72
0.60
0.51
0.44
0.38
0.34
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06

0.37 0.15 0.26 0.22 0.38


0.32 0.13 0.23 0.17 0.31
0.29 0.11 0.21 0.13 0.26
0.26 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.22
0.23 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.19
0.21 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.17
0.19 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.15
0.17 0.06 0.13 0.05 0.13
0.15 0.05 0.12 0.05 0.12
0.14 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.11
0.13 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.10
0.12 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.09
0.11 0.03 0.09 0.03 0.08
0.10 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.07
0.09 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.07
0.09 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.06
0.08 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.06
0.08 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05
0.07 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05
0.07 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05
0.06 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.04
0.06 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.04
0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04
0.05 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04
0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03
0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03
0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03
0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02
0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02

Joyner and Boore (1981)

Donavan(1973b)

0.38
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02

Katayama

Esteva and Villaverde (1973)

0.15
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

Oliviera (1974)

Donovan (1973a)

H, focal depth (km)

15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15

Davenport (1972)

25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205

Esteva (1970)

7.3

7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3

To return "main

Esteva et al. (1978)

, Epicentral Distance Uzaklk (km)

M (magnitude)

ACCELERATION ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIPS

Kanai (1966)

Esteva and Roseblueth (1964)

Fukishima et al. (1988)

Abrahamson and Litehiser (1989)

0.29
0.24
0.20
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02

0.29
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01

0.26
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02

0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05

0.39
0.35
0.32
0.29
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08

0.29
0.25
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)

Newmark and Roseblueth (1971)

0.24
0.20
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01

Average

Campbell (1981b)

0.16
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01

Dr. Ferhat zep


Campbel (1997)

Campbell (1981a)

0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03

ain options" , click the cell !

29.2
33.5
38.1
42.7
47.4
52.2
57.0
61.8
66.7
71.6
76.5
81.4
86.3
91.2
96.2
101.1
106.1
111.0
116.0
120.9
125.9
130.9
135.8
140.8
145.8
150.7
155.7
160.7
165.7
170.7
175.6
180.6
185.6
190.6
195.6
200.6
205.5

M (magnitude)

7.3

Esteva

Daven

1.2

Donov

Esteva

Donav

1.0

Donav

Acceleration (g)

McGuie

Orpha

0.8

Shah e

Olivier

Kataya

0.6

Esteva

Joyner

Campb

0.4

Campb

Column

Column

0.2

Column

Column

Column

0.0
25

40

55

70

85

100 115 130 145 160 175 190 205


Epicentral Distance (km)

Column

teva (1970)

avenport (1972)

onovan (1973a)

teva and Villaverde (1973)

onavan(1973b)

onavan(1973c)

cGuier (1974)

phal and Lahoud (1974)

hah et al. (1973)

iviera (1974)

atayama

teva et al. (1978)

yner and Boore (1981)

mpbell (1981a)

mpbell (1981b)

lumn S

lumn T

lumn U

lumn V

lumn W

lumn X

ACCELERATION / VELEOCITY / DISPLACEMENT SPECTRA


M

h1
h2
1
VS1
2
VS2

To

7.4
25
15
35
1.8
300
2.1
600
0.43
0.43
A (Acustic Empedence):
(1 x VS1) / (2 xVS2)
Soil Fundemantal Period:
4h/VS

Kanai (1961) Approach

7.4
25
Epicentral
Distance (km)

0.43
0.43

T
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
2.45

To return "main opti

Earthquake & Soil Interaction


Accel. (cm/sn2)
Displace. (cm)
2391
0.60
1629
0.92
1265
1.27
1071
1.68
979
2.21
989
3.04
1171
4.70
1103
5.61
679
4.26
493
3.74
398
3.60
339
3.60
299
3.68
269
3.79
245
3.93
225
4.09
209
4.26
195
4.43
184
4.61
173
4.80
164
4.98
156
5.18
148
5.37
142
5.57
136
5.76
130
5.96
125
6.16
120
6.36
116
6.56
112
6.77
108
6.97
105
7.17
102
7.38
99
7.58
96
7.79
93
7.99
90
8.20
88
8.40
86
8.61
84
8.82
81
9.02
80
9.23
78
9.44
76
9.65
74
9.85
73
10.06
71
10.27
69
10.48

2.5

II. Approach
Kawashima et al. (1984) Appraoch

M
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5

Stiff Soil

Epicentral Distance (km)


Period
25
0.1
25
0.15
25
0.2
25
0.3
25
0.5
25
0.7
25
1
25
1.5
25
2
25
3

Accl. (SS) Accl. (MS)


804
668
950
832
841
1035
538
995
333
759
229
605
126
589
105
338
72
195
42
85

68

10.69

Loose Soil

Medium Soil

Accl. (LS)
434
529
529
499
646
820
734
530
328
145

Acceleration Spectra for different kind of Soils

Acceleration (cm/sn2)

1200
1000

Column D
Column E

800

Column F

600
400
200
0
0

0.5

1.5

Period (s)

2.5

3.5

III. Approach

Acceleration Estimation by Boore et al. (1997) App


Mw
Rjb
Vs, 30

7.3
25
250
Mechanism
Uncertain

Period
0.0
0.2
1.0

0.24
0.49
0.31

Strike
Slipe Fault

Reverse Fault

Acceleration (g)
0.22
0.44
0.30

0.27
0.53
0.34

Acceleration Spectrum

Acceleration (g)

0.60
0.50
Column B

0.40
0.30

Column C

0.20

Column D

0.10
0.00
0.0

0.2

0.4

bss
brv
ball
b2
b3
b5
bv
Va
h

0.6
Period (s)

-0.313
-0.117
-0.242
0.527
0
-0.778
-0.371
1396
5.57

0.8

0.999
1.17
1.089
0.711
-0.207
-0.924
-0.292
2118
7.02

1.0

-1.113
-1.009
-1.08
1.036
-0.032
-0.798
-0.698
1406
2.9

1.2

"main options" , click the cell !

Soil Acceleraton Spectrum


3000

Acceleration (cm/sn2)

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

Period (sn)

Soil Displacement Spectrum


12.00
10.00
Displacement (cm)

eraction
Vel.(cm/sn)
38
39
40
42
47
55
74
79
54
43
38
35
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
29
29
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27

Dr. Ferhat zep

8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5
T period (sn)

2.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5

T period (sn)
27

izelge. Kawashima ve di. (1984) Yaklam iin katsaylar

c
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18

Sert Zemin
a
2420
2407
1269
575
212
103
40.1
7.1
5.8
1.7

b
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.34
0.43
0.42
0.46

Orta Zemin
a
848
629
466
267
102
34.3
5
0.72
0.35
0.36

b
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.39
0.44
0.55
0.63
0.64
0.59

Yumuak Zemin
a
1307
948
1128
1263
581
65.7
7.4
0.8
0.35
0.26

b
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.28
0.42
0.54
0.65
0.67
0.64

2.5

997) Approach

mn B

mn C

mn D

Soil Velocity Spectrum


90
80

Velocity (m/sn)

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2.5

2.5

0.5

1.5
Period (sn)

2.5

2.5

2.5

SOIL AMPLIFICATION ANALYSIS


Amplification Analysis (Relative) I
Midorikawa (1987)
Joyner and Fumal (1984)
Borcherdt et al. (1991)

Depth (m)
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30

Weak Motion
Strong Motion

Tickness (m)
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.2

To return "main options" ,


click the cell !

Amplificatio

Amplification
A
A
AHSA
AHSA

Vs Velocity, (m/s)

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

Average horizontal
amplification betwee
2,0 s period

2.8
2.1
3.5
3.0

Average horizon
amplification betw
2,0 s peri

Shear Wave Velocity

Dr. Ferhat zep

Amplification Analysis (for two layers) II


h1
30
vs1
140
1
1.7
vs2
600
2
2.1
To
0.86

3.14

0.19

Bu Program iki tabakal zemin koular iin


BYTME hesab yapar.
Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.

1 : density for 1st layer (gr/cm3)


2 : density for 2nd layer (gr/cm3)
VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer (m/s)
VS2 : Shear wave velocity for 2st layer (m/s)
h1: tickness of layer (m)

Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

Relative Amplification
1.55
1.10
3.44
1.02
1.11
1.56
2.58
4.58
4.93
3.46
2.60
2.14
1.87
1.69
1.56
1.47
1.40

1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

1.34
1.30
1.26
1.24
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16

Amplification Spectrum (Two Layers)

Relative Amplification

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5
Period (sn)

2.5

Relative Am

0.5

1.5

2.5

Period (sn)

Amplification Analysis (Damped Soil) III

To

h1
vs1
Damping

30
140
0.2

Bu Program Rijit anakaya zerinde


niform snml zemin koular iin
BYTME hesab yapar.

3.14
0.86

Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.

Relative Amplification
0.36
0.62
1.08
0.84
0.95
1.30
1.94
2.82
3.24
2.86
2.39
2.05
1.82
1.66
1.54
1.45
1.39
1.34
1.29
1.26
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16

VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer (m/s)


h1: tickness of layer (m)

Amplification Spectrum (Damped Soil)

Relative Amplification

4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5
Period (s)

2.5

Relative Amplif

0.00
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Period (s)

Amplification (Undamped Soil) IV


h1
vs1

30
140

Tz

0.86
3.14

Period
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Rijit Anakaya
zerinde snmsz
bir zemin iin
Bytme'nin
hesaplanmas
Hazrlayan:
Dr.Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak.
Jeofizik Mh. Bl.

Relative Amplification
1.59
1.11
4.45
1.03
1.11
1.61
2.90
9.00
13.25
4.48
2.94
2.30
1.96
1.75
1.60
1.50
1.42
1.36
1.32
1.28
1.25
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.16

VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer (m/s)


h1: tickness of layer (m)

Relative Amplification

Amplification Spectrum (Undamped Soil)


14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5
Period (s)

2.5

Relative Amp

2.00
0.00
0

0.5

1.5
Period (s)

2.5

Amplification

Shear Modulus, G max (kg/cm 2)

Average horizontal spectral


amplification between 0,4and
2,0 s periods

755
0

Average horizontal spectral


amplification between 0,4and
2,0 s periods

elocity

5
Vs, 30 (m/s)
200.0
10

Dr. Ferhat zep

) m
( ht pe D

15

20

25

30

35

760

765

770

775

780

785

790

795

koular iin

l.

)
m3)
layer (m/s)
layer (m/s)

zerinde
oular iin
par.

p
h. Bl.

or 1st layer (m/s)

2.5

2.5

Anakaya
nde snmsz
emin iin
tme'nin
planmas

rlayan:
erhat zep
Mh. Fak.
zik Mh. Bl.

city for 1st layer (m/s)


m)

Soil)

2.5

2.5

150
0

790

795

800

805
5

10

15

20

25

30

35

200

Shear Wave (Vs) Velocity, m/s


(m/sn)300
250

Velocity, m/s
n)300
350

400

Depth (m)

Gmax

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30

760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
760
800
800
800
800
800
800

Sear Wave Velocity (m/s)


200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

Density (gr/cm3)
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0

Soil Liquefaction Analysis

To return "main options" , click the cell !


Ground Water Level

v' (kPa)

WT (m)

rd

CSR (E)

0.4

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8

1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

30.0
56.5
83.0
109.5
136.0
162.5
188.9
215.4
241.9
268.4
294.9
321.4
347.9

22.2
33.9
45.7
57.5
69.3
81.0
92.8
104.6
116.3
128.1
139.9
151.7
163.4

0.80
2.30
3.80
5.30
6.80
8.30
9.80
11.30
12.80
14.30
15.80
17.30
18.80

0.9881470
0.9773893
0.9669309
0.9551352
0.9397014
0.9179441
0.8875651
0.8478937
0.8008678
0.7507104
0.7022129
0.6589112
0.6223666

0.348
0.423
0.456
0.473
0.480
0.478
0.470
0.454
0.433
0.409
0.385
0.363
0.344

21.3

1.8

374.3

175.2

20.30 0.5925368 0.329


Dr. Ferhat zep

to continue
the analysis
I
I
I

Acceleration, a (g)

v (kPa)

1.1101602

7.2

FN=Fine Content

MSF

Magnitude

(gr/cm3)

Depth

Data

G.W.L

the analysis
I
I
I

V
Liquefaction Anaysis by Shear Wave Velocity
Yalova
SK1

Vs (field) m/s

CV

Vs1, m/s

Vs1c

CRR

SF

Lp (Vs1'den)

Lp Grubu

SvlamaDzeyi

If VS1>VS1c, then "SY"

Depth

Seismic Site
Seismic Point:

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3

120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120

1.46
1.31
1.22
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.02
0.99
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.87

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220

0.1195
0.0937
0.0799
0.0709
0.0644
0.0594
0.0555
0.0522
0.0495
0.0471
0.0451
0.0433
0.0417
0.0403

0.3434
0.2215
0.1750
0.1498
0.1342
0.1242
0.1181
0.1150
0.1143
0.1153
0.1172
0.1194
0.1212
0.1225

11.2869
23.5720
34.8471
45.1239
54.3619
62.5137
69.5326
75.3839
80.0586
83.5837
86.0171
87.4270
87.8700
87.3782

BL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL

SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV

To continue
the analyis
I
I
I

(S)

Safety Factor

Figure 1. CSR - Vs Relationships (Andrus and St

To continue
the analyis
I
I
I

V
Liquefaction Analysis by SPT Data

CB

CS

CR

N1(60)

CRR (Z)

SF

PL (%)

If N1(60) value is bigger


than 30, then write "SY"

CN

If SPT (field) value is bigger than


50, then write "SY"

SPT (field)

Yalova
S1

Depth

Boring Site
Boring Point

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

1.70
1.70
1.48
1.32
1.20
1.11
1.04
0.98
0.93
0.88
0.85
0.81
0.78
0.76

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0

0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80

20.4
20.4
17.7
15.8
14.4
13.3
12.5
11.7
11.1
10.6
10.1
9.7
9.4
9.1

0.24473
0.24473
0.20983
0.18703
0.17127
0.15953
0.15035
0.14291
0.13674
0.13151
0.12701
0.12308
0.11962
0.11654

0.70353
0.5785
0.45974
0.39547
0.35708
0.33341
0.32001
0.31469
0.31583
0.32162
0.33001
0.33905
0.34732
0.35405

82
94
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Safety Factor

Probability
Liquefaction
Liao et al. (1988)

Figure 2. CRR - N1 (60) Relationships

to continue
the analyis
I
I
I

to continue
the analyis
I
I
I

Iwasaki et al. (1978) Approach


D50, Fine Content (FC), SPT (N) value
Before the analysis,
please enter the data
related cell !

FN

SPT (field)

Depth D50
1.8
0.1
3.3
0.5
4.8
0.5
6.3
0.5
7.8
0.5
9.3
0.5
10.8
0.5
12.3
0.5
13.8
0.5
15.3
0.5
16.8
0.5
18.3
0.5
19.8
0.5
21.3
0.5

Before the analysis, please enter the


data related cell !

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

Factors
Soil
Earthq.
R
L
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5

7.2

GK
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

R1
0.41085
0.38689
0.36668
0.34934
0.33425
0.32096
0.30914
0.29853
0.28895
0.28023
0.27226
0.26493
0.25817
0.25189

R2 (a)
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19

R2
R2(b)
0.1224153
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853
-0.034853

Before the analysis, please enter the data related


cell !

R2( c )
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05

R2
0.12242
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485

R3
R3(a)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R3(b)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

R3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

vme, a (g olarak)

Before the analysis, please enter the data related


cell !

0.40

Before the analysis, please enter the data related


cell !
LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS BY RELATIVE DENSITY

1
0.9

Acceleration - Relative Density (%) Relationships

(No Risk)
(Medium Risk)

Sample 1
Accl. (g) 0.2
Dr (%) 0.5

Dr (Relative Density) %

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

(Higher Risk)

0.1
0
0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Acceleration (g)

Figure 3. Liquefaction risk by relative density and acceleration(Tezcan ve Teri, 1996)

0.3

Table . Corrections to SPT as listed by Robertson & Wride (1998)(after Youd et al., 2001).

Liquefaction possibility of Silty and clayed sands (Andrews ve Martin, 2000)

Clay Content %
4
LL<32 SE SIVILAMAYA HASSAS, LL>=32 SE AYRINTI ALIMALAR GEREKR

VARIATION OF SAFETY FACTOR (SF) WITH DEPTH

Depth (m)

-10

-15

-20

-25

Column H
Column H
Column H

1.00

Vs

1.20

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8

0.70
0.58
0.46
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35

0.22
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12

21.3

0.35

0.12

SF

-5

SPT

SF

0.20

Safety Factor
SF (SF) & Depth
0.40
0.60
0.80

Depth (m)

0.00
0

To daw the graph, please ereas


the "VeriYok" !!!

rus and Stokoe, 2001)

Andrus andStokoe (1999)

Corrected SPT Value

(N1)60
Vs1

10
159 m/s

Corrected Shear Wave


Velocity (m/s)

Vs1
(N1)60

159 m/sn
10

Estimation of treshold acceleration by shear wave velocity by Dobry ve di. (1981

Vs
z
G/Gmax
Unite Shear Deformation
Treshold Acceleration Value (at)
Design Acceleration (ad)
Expected Acceleration (amax)
SF

200
3
0.8
0.0001
0.11
0.18
0.30

m/sn
m

Shear wave veloc

Ticknes of soil laye


g
g
g

0.6
Liquafaction

estimate from sei


hazard analysis a
atenuation relation

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION & LIQUEFACTION

95.00
89.60
86.40
82.90
72.30
35.70
15.400
9.60
1.2

Weight Percentange (%)

37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212

80

100

Grain Size Percentange


(mm)
Finer (%)

Sample A

Column V
Column W
Column V

60

Column S
Critical
Zone

40

20

0
0.001

0.01

0.1

Grain Size (mm)

Figure. Liquefaction supectibility & grain size relationships (Finn, 1972)

10

EVALUATION OF MAXIMUM AREA FOR LIQUEFACTION

Kuribayashi ve Tatsuoka (1975

A) Earthquake magnitude (Mj) & maximum epicentral distance of liquefation


Mj
R (km)
R (km)
R (km)

6.5
25.4
108.8
52.5

Wakamatsu (1991)
Ambraseys (1988)

Wakamatsu (1993)

B) Epicentral/Fault distance & triggering of liquefacion by earthquake magnitude (Mw)


Epicentral distance (km)

Re (km)
Rf (km)

Epicentral distance (km)

50.0
50.0

Mw
Mw

6.5
6.7

Ambraseys (1988)

Faydan Uzaklk

C) For Turkey, Earthquake magnitude (Ms) that trigger the liquefation (Ulusay et al. (2000
Focal depth (km)

R (km)

(km)
h (km)

25
10

26.9

Ms
Ms
Ms

Ms

7.4

R (km)

106.4

Upper Limit

66.4

Medium

Hipocetral distance (km)

0.3

Yzey Dalgas Magnitd

5.2
6.3
7.4

Lower Limit
Medium
Upper Limit

26.4

Lower Limit

Symbols/ Abreviations
v =overburden presure
v' =efective overburden presure
SITK = tickness of saturated soil layer (m)
D = Depth of Analysis (m)
FC =Fine Content
G.W.L.= Ground Water Level (m)
= Unit weigth
M = Magnitude of design earthquake
Acceleration (a) = acceleration of design earthquake (g)
SPT fields = SPT(N) value in the field
N1(60) = corrected SPT (N) value
Vs (field)= shear wave velocity in the field
Vs1 = overburden stress corrected shear wave velocity
rd=Stres reduction factor
CN ve CV = for SPT(N) and Vs, efective presure correction facotor
CB, CS and CRfor SPTN (N), respectively Borehole Diameter, Sampling Method and
CSR and CRR = Cyclic Stress Ratio and Cyclic Resistance Ratio
MSF= Magnitude Scaling Factor
Dr (%) = Relative density (%)
Rf= Distance from active fault (km)
Re= Epicentral or hipocentral distance (km)
Mw= Moment magnitude
MJ=Japon Meteorology Agancy Magnitude Scale
SY = No Liquefaction, SO= Liquefaction Possible and SV=Liquefaction
Lp = Liquefaction Potential
PL = Liquefaction Probality
Not: Bu programda (1) eer su ieren tabaka kalnl sfrsa svlama olmayacandan otomatik olarak GK=2 alnmaktadr.

(2) Teorik olarak N1(60) deeri 30'dan, SPT (Arazi) deeri 50'den ve Vs1 deeri de vs1c (maksimum 220 m/sn)den byk deerle

Program bu deerden byk deerler iin, SY (Svlama Yok) ifadesi vermektedir.

To daw the graph, please erease


the "VeriYok" !!!
Vs

SF

SPT

SF

h, please erease
Yok" !!!

0.70
0.58
0.46
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35

0.22
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12

0.35

0.12

y ve di. (1981) approach

hear wave velocity

knes of soil layer

timate from seismic


azard analysis and
nuation relationships

10

100

i ve Tatsuoka (1975)

ude (Mw)

ay et al. (2000)

ng Method and Road Length correction factors

alnmaktadr.

den byk deerlerde svlama beklenmez

These programs were prepared by Dr Ferhat OZCEP


E mail : ferozcep@istanbul.edu.tr
Web page: www.istanbul.edu.tr/eng2/jfm/ozcep
Attention !!!
Data must enter only via red colored cell/letters

To return begining,

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