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PROJECT ON EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES

INTRODUCTION TO HRM: Human resource management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of management and providing direction for the people who work in the organization line managers can also perform human resource management. Human resource management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety wellness benefits, employee motivation, communication administration and training. While Miller defines it as those decisions and actions which concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and which are related to the implementation of strategies directed towards creating and sustaining competitive advantage. Some Basic Features of HRM:
It is concerned with the employees both as individuals and as group in attaining goals. It is continuous in nature It is concerned with emotional, behavioral and social aspects.

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Motivation is the primitive measure that has to be done in every employee welfare activities. So every organization is providing maximum motivation to the employee by providing several employee benefits and welfare activities by which the employees are feeling happy to work with in the organization. By this welfare activity which is providing directly or indirectly to the employee, he is able to work with satisfaction and obedience among the higher authorities and proud to be work within the organization. According to this attitude of employee to the organization will be increased on behalf of the employee and they are interested to work at a maximum strength. The company is not only providing the welfare activities but also helps to increase the improvement of technical skills of the employee. That means the employee is not only working in the company but also educating himself by the help of companys faculty who improve the employees technical skills. People in any organization manifest themselves, not only through individual sections but also through group interactions, personal feelings, perceptions, desires, motives, attitudes and values etc. so that people management is not only related to the technical skills it needs the other human resources. Employee welfare implies the setting up of minimum desirable standards and the provision of facilities like health, food, clothing, housing, education and job security etc; such facilities enable the worker and his family to lead a good work like family and social life. Employee welfare also operates to naturalize the harmful effects of large scale industrializations and urbanizations. Welfare suggests the wellbeing, happiness, prosperity and the development

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PROJECT ON EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES

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of human resource labour is the work force means the adoption of measures to promote the physical, social, psychological and general well being of the employees. In the broader sense labour welfare means providing social security and other activities as medical and canteen, recreation, housing and education arrangement for the transportation of the labour and from the work place. The main aim of labour welfare is to provide welfare facilities and amenities as would enable the workers employed in industries (or) factories to perform their work in health and high moral. In order to find out the responses of employees regarding the welfare activities provided to them by a sample has been selected and tested with the help of questionnaire. Welfare means faring or doing well. After Employees have been hired, trained and remunerated, they need to be retained and maintained to serve the organization better welfare facilities re designed to take care of the well being of the employees. They do not generally result in any monetary benefit to the employees. Nor are these facilities provided by employers alone. Governmental and non- governmental agencies and trade unions too, contribute towards employee welfare. The welfare facilities together contribute to better work. NEED FOR THE STUDY: To understand the extent which the welfare activities provided by Pearl distillery limited towards about the various welfare measures provided to them. To study how the welfare facilities provided and how it helps in increasing the productivity and job satisfaction. To learn how welfare services provided to employees it may help organization to build up a stable work force by reducing absenteeism and labour turnover. To offer useful suggestions for improving the effectiveness of welfare measures. The real need for welfare arises from the two basic conditions generally known as the long aim of the job and social invasion of the factory. The working environment of any job on factory or mine or a workshop imposes some adverse affects on the workers because of the heat, noise and smell, fumes etc., involved in the manufacturing process. There are also occupational hazards and environmental problems inherent and inevitable in the manufacturing process itself, which cannot be removed or reduced. As a result productive devices and compensatory benefits have to be provided for the welfare of the workers. This can be referred to as the long aim of the job OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the welfare activities which are provided by the management in Pearl Distillery Ltd. To know the welfare activities practice in the organization. To highlight and study the significance of labour welfare measures provided by the management. To analyze the employees opinion, views regarding the welfare facilities provide by the organization. To understand and enquire whether welfare activities are adequate and satisfactory to the employees or not. To improve the efficiency of the work and also partly to develop among them a civic sense of responsibility and dignity and make them worthy citizens of the nation. To suggest the management with respect to the employee further welfare needs and considerations. To highlight and interpret the significance of labour welfare facilities provided by the management. To know about employee whether they are satisfying with their welfare measures or not

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I did my Project work at Pearl distillery ltd. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: This study focuses on the employees of Pearl Distillery Ltd, i.e., the operative and administrative staff. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The methodology adapted to collecting information from a sample size of 100 respondents by using simple random sampling technique, in order to analyze and interpret the respondents opinions and views with respect to the welfare measures provided by the Pearl Distillery Ltd. The entire study is based on both the primary data and Secondary data. Primary data

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The primary data are collected from the respondents (employees) of the study directly to know their opinion about the benefits and welfare measures of the PDL. 1) Questionnaire: A Questionnaire has been prepared and distributed among the respondents (employees) for both executives and non-executives. 2) Interview: Personal Interview and interaction with the respondents (employees). 3) Observation: by observing the working environment Secondary Data The secondary data is that which have been already collected by some one or else which have been passed through statistical data can be categorized into two broad categories named published and unpublished statistics. Various sources are available namely documents, books, magazines, journals etc, and also collected from various files, records of PDL. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: As the study revolves around the reward system of the organization and in spite of keeping serious and sincere efforts there are several limitations. There are as follows. Duration of the project is only 60 days which is not sufficient for a detail study. Confidentiality matter restricts for an in depth study. Personal Bias of the respondent and their busy schedule also was a limiting factor in the collection of the data. The perception bias or attitude of the respondents may also act as hurdle to the study. Some of the employees had not co-operated in filling up and answering the questionnaire CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE Introduction: Employee welfare may be viewed as a total concept, as a social concept and as a relative concept. The total concept is desirable state of existence involving the physical, mental, moral and emotional well-being. These four elements together constitute the structure of welfare, on which its totally is based, the social concept of welfare implies the welfare of man, his family and his community. All those aspects are inter related and worked together is a three dimensional approach. The relative concept of welfare implies that welfare is relative in time and place. It is dynamic and flexible concept and hence its meaning and concept differ from time to time, region to region, industry to industry and country to country, depending upon the value system level of education social customs and degree of industrialization and general standard of the social economic development of the people. Employee welfare implies the setting of the minimum desirable standards and provisions of facilities like health, food, housing, medical assistance, education, job security, recreation such facilities enable the workers and his family to lead good work social life. Employee welfare also operates to neutralize the harmful of large scale industrialization. Meaning The word labour means any productive activity. In a broader sense therefore the phrase labour welfare means the adoption of measures to promote the physical, social, psychological and general well-being of the working population. Welfare work in any industry aims at improving the working and living conditions of workers. Definitions: The Oxford dictionary defines employee welfare as Efforts to make life worth living for workers. In the words of R.Rhopkins welfare is fundamentally an Attitude of the mind on the part of management activities is taken.

under

Aim of welfare: The main aim of providing the welfare measures is to bring the development in the personality of the worker his social, psychological, moral, cultural and intellectual development to make him a good worker a good citizen and a good member of the family Need for welfare work:

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The need for labour welfare arises from very of the industrial system which is characterized by two basic factors.

1. The conditions under which work is carried on or no congenial for health. 2. When a labour joins in an industry he has to work in an entirely strange atmosphere which creates problem of adjustment with one another. Call these two factors the long arm of the job and the social invasion of the factory.

The need for labour welfare was strongly felt by the royal commission on labour as and back as in 1931, primarily because of a lack of commitment to industrial work among factory workers and the harsh treatment they received from their employers. This need was emphasized in free India by the constitution, which contains the following articles in this regard Article 41 the state shall with in the limits of its economic capacity and development make effective provision for security. The right to work and right to education and right to public assistance in the case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of understand. Article 42 the state shall make provision for securing just and human conditions of work and for maternity relief. Article -43 the state shall Endeavour to ensure by suitable legislation (or) economic organization in any other way to all workers agricultural, industrial (or) other From the above analysis, satisfaction of employees towards safety equipment provided by the company wise work a wage conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and in particular the state shall Endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual (or) operative basis in rural areas. Improvement of welfare: It influences the sentiment of the workers: Welfare activities such as educational facilities influence the sentimental atmosphere of the factory to develop the feeling of friendship. Social advantages of welfare of workers It improves the workers physique and reduce incidence of eyes, mental efficiently and economic productivity of workers.

Realization of workers importance Workers realized that they have also some take in undertaking and reduce any reckless on their part and will be realized by the employees. Reduce turn over and absenteeism What ever improves conditions of the work and life of employees will reduce their absenteeism and turnover from one to another. It improves the standards of living workers Welfare activities such as medical, canteen facilities and housing facilities improve the standard of living of workers and their role in the economic development of our country Merits of welfare measures:
The industrial worker is a soldier safeguarding the social and economic factors of the industrial economy, and his/her actions and interactions with in the industrial framework will have a great impact and influence on industrial development. The social and economic aspects of the life of a worker have a direct influence on the social and economic development of the nation. There is every need to take extra care of the worker to provide both statutory and non-statutory facilities to him/her. Welfare facilities, besides removing dissatisfaction, help to develop loyalty in workers towards the organization.

Welfare may help minimize social evils, such as alcoholism, gambling, prostitution, drug addiction and the like. A worker is likely to fall a victim to any of these if he/she is dissatisfied or frustrated. Welfare facilities tend to

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make the worker happy, cheerful and confident looking. Welfare may not directly increase productivity, but it may add to general feeling of satisfaction with the company and cut down labour turnover.

Approaches to labour welfare The various approaches to labour welfare reflect the attitudes and beliefs of the agencies which are engaged in welfare activities. Welfare facilities may be provided on religious, philanthropic or some other grounds. Moreover, the different approaches to labour welfare reflect the evolution of the concept of welfare. In bygone days, the government of the land had to compel the owner of an industrial establishment to prove such basic amenities as canteens, rest rooms, drinking water, good working conditions, and so forth, for their employees. Such compulsion was necessary because the employer believed in exploiting labour and treating it in an unfair manner. But times have changed, and the concept of welfare, too, has undergone changes. Much progressive management today provides welfare facilities, voluntarily and with enlightened willingness and enthusiasm. In fact, welfare facilities are not restricted to the workers alone. They have now been extended to the society in general. In other words, labour welfare has been extended to include social welfare. The approaches are:
1. The policing theory of labour welfare, 2. The religion theory of labour welfare, 3. The philanthropic theory of labour welfare, 4. The trusteeship theory of labour welfare, 5. The placating theory of labour welfare, 6. The public relations theory of labour welfare, 7. The functional theory of labour welfare.

1) The policing theory of labour welfare: This is based on the contention that a minimum standard of welfare for laborers. Here the assumption is that without policing that is without compulsion employers do not provide even the minimum facilities for workers. Apparently, this theory assumes that man is selfish and self centered and always tries to achieve his own ends even at the cost of the welfare of others. 2) The religion theory of labour welfare: This is based on the concept that man is essentially a religious animal , even today many acts of man are related to religious sentiments and benefits. These religious feelings sometimes prompt and employer to take up welfare activities in the expectation of future emancipation either in this life or after it. 3) The philanthropic theory of labour welfare: this theory is based on mans love for human kind philanthropy means loving mankind. Man is believed to have an instinctive urge by which he strives to remove the suffering of others and promote their well being. In fact, the labour welfare movement began in the early years of the industrial revolution with the support of philanthropists. 4) The trusteeship theory of labour welfare: This is also called the paternalistic theory of labour welfare according to this the industrialist or employer holds the total industrial estate, properties, and profits accruing from them in a trust. In other words the employer should hold the industrial assets for himself, for the benefit of his workers, and also for society. The man emphasis of this theory is that employers should provide funds on an ongoing basis for the well-being of their employees. 5) The placating theory of labour welfare: This theory is based on the labour groups are becoming demanding and militant and are more conscious of their rights and privileges than ever before. Their demand for higher wages and better standards of living cannot be ignored. According to this theory, timely and periodical acts of labour welfare can appease the workers. They are some kind of pacifiers, which come with a friendly gesture. 6) The public relations theory of labour welfare: This theory provides the basis for an atmosphere of good will between labour and management and between management and the public, labour welfare programmes under theory work as a sort of an advertisement and help an organization to project its good image and build up and promote good and healthy public relations. 7) The functional theory of labour welfare: This is also called the efficiency theory. Here, welfare work is used as a

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means to secure, preserve and develop the efficiency and productivity of labour, it is obvious that if an employer takes good care of his workers, they will tend to become more efficient and will there by step up production. This theory is a reflection of can temporary support for labour welfare. It can work well if both the parties have an identical aim in view, that is higher production through better welfare. In addition this will encourage labours participation in welfare programme.

Welfare a minute is provided to the social security to industrial worker, the common as an actor and number of status. The prominent among them are:

1. Factories Act, 1948. 2. Workmens compensation Act, 1923. 3. Maternity benefit Act, 1961. 4. Employees state insurance Act, 1948. 5. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. 6. Employees provident fund and Miscellaneous provisions Act, 1952. 7. Employee state insurance Act, 1972. 8. Chaild labour (prohibition& Regulation) Act, 1986.

(B)Welfare Measures The provisions of the factories act, 1948 lays down the conditions of work, the member of working days, working hours, weekly holidays, periodical holidays and leave with wages, conservancy provisions, health relating to the maintenance of a crches for the benefit of children of women workers, a canteen for the benefit of workers, supply of drinking water at the work spots. The employees state insurance act, 1948 ensures several social security benefits viz., sickness benefit, medical benefit, maternity benefits, disablements benefit and dependants benefit to all the workers who are covered by it. The payment of bonus to the works at this share in the prosperity of the company is ensured by the payment of Bonus Act, 1965. The provisions of retrial benefits such as provided by the employees provident fund, pension and gratuities are provided by the employees provident Fund, Act 1952 and the payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The various programmes of Employees Welfare undertaken by the Pearl distillery ltd., examined fewer than two categories: (1) Statutory Welfare amenities and (2) Non-statutory Welfare Amenities.

Statutory welfare: It deals with different items of statutory welfare is a detailed perspective such as the meaning and importance, the extent to which such programme is implemented, its impact on the labour force, the additions if any contemplations of the managements, and desirable improvements in respect of each such amenity namely : (a) Medical benefits. (b) Occupational Health Services. (c) Drinking water facilities (d) Gratuity. (e) Travelling facilities (a) Medical benefits: The Health of the Industrial Employee is of cardinal importance not only to him but also is relation to general industrial development. Industrial concern usually provide their own medical facilities as they observed the sickness and ill-health are the most wide spread causes of absenteeism, low moral standards, bad time keeping and bad employee employer relations. Health care for workers helps to reduce the incidence of sickness and therefore, absenteeism among them and to increase productivity. However, the standard of medical care offered varies from industry to Industry, region to region and from factory to factory in the same locality. The importance of industrial health services is grater in India because of the incidence of tropical diseases, unhealthy work environment and bad conditions of work considerable attention has been paid to the provision of medical facilities. The factories Act, 1948 and the constitution of several welfare funds aim at ensuring medical and Health amenities to the workers in Industries.

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The facilities in the Pearl distillery ltd., present are enquired: Medi- cline insurance for employees. Ambulance for medical care round the clock. First aid applications.

(b) Occupational Health Services: These services are essentially preventive in nature and aim at protecting the workers against the health hazards arising out of the nature of their work and work environment. They consist of periodical checks of certain categories of workers and prevent the outbreak of serious health complaints. The Factories Act, 1948 referred to dangerous occupations and empowered the state governments to make rules in respect of factories in which may manufacturing process exposes persons to a serious risk bodily injury, provisions or diseases.

The facilities in the Pearl Distillery ltd. Has provided to the employees are: Safety shoes. Personal protective equipment like hard hats, earmuffs and earplugs, safety goggles, dust marks, hand gloves. Occupational health center. Pain coats and gum boots. (c) Drinking water: Drinking water is another primary need of the human beings very often it becomes necessary to quench the thirst of the workers while at work. The Factories Act, 1948 sec-19 makes it obligatory on the part of every employer to provide for cool, clean and wholesome drinking water to the workers at different work spots in the factory. While the taps are installed various spots in all is existing plant, having a sources of mineral water to all personal working in site. (d) Gratuity: Gratuity has come to be recognized as retrial benefit. It forms objects in view namely (1) that a man who has served his master through the active years of his life, should have some thing to fall back upon, when physical disability on account of old age overtakes him, so that he is not regarded destitute for want of manual or physical capacity to work, and (2) the he remains not a destitute but a useful member of the society two can stand on his own. Initially gratuity was treated as gratuitous payment and was voluntary in character. In course of time, it was secured by the process of collective bargaining or by awarders of industrial reburials and become the subject matter of industrial disputes ultimately the payment of gratuity Act, 1972 was enacted. The Pearl distillery Ltd., has presented for the employees is Personal Accident Policy. (Under this policy: management has spending the 5 lakhs for the employees who are permitted; contract employees are also having these facilities but they many spend 3 lakhs for the employees.) (e) Traveling facilities: Management has provided to the Transportation form the housing colony to plant site. These facilities are: Transportation of employees to and for housing Colony & Plant site by Air-conditioned vehicles. Air - Conditioned travel to place / three stand hotels stay.

(f) Other benefits: The Pearl distillery Ltd., has provided welfare measures to the employees; they are: Air condition at work place. Light refreshments and beverages. Food and snacks for overstaying staff. Uniform for employees. Ergonomically designed chairs for working comfortably. Air conditioned rest room for over staying staff. Fully computerized working environment. Library. Newspapers and magazines. Electrical powers for all personal during summer. Crash helmets for two-wheeling riders. Free Internet for senior managers at office. Non-statutory amenities:

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While the employers fulfill the statutory employees welfare provisions as a matter of legal obligation, certain philanthropic and progressive minded employees have accepted the wider social responsibilities towards their employers. They stand are conceding a share of the prosperity of the establishment to the workers by providing voluntarily such amenities as housing, education, transport, recreation, co-operative stores etc., so that the benefit reaches the worker as well as his family. Thus the welfare and well being of the worker and his family has become as much the concern of the employees as that of the employee himself. This chapter, proposes to cover the study of such other welfare programmes, implemented over and above the statutory requirements in all the three units, from the points of relevance of each such programme, the fulfillment of its objectives, its evaluation form the workers side, future plans is any proposed by the managements and the suggestions for further improvements. The study relates to (A) Housing, (B) Education, (C) Transport, (D) Recreation, (E) Leave Travel and (F) Uniforms.

(A) Housing Facilities: Housing, as rightly pointed out by the committee on labour welfare, being a basic human necessity needs a very high priority in any scheme of National Planning and Industrial Development. It has been a social problem affecting all sections of populations in some measures of other, particularly in the developing countries like India. The provision of housing has a direct bearing on the health and efficiency of the factory workers. In fact, a solution for the health and efficiency of the industrial workers lay in providing cheap, health and adequate accommodation to them. It may be mentioned here that healthy accommodation includes adequate space, ventilation, light, lavatories, drainages and other sanitary arrangements. But as against this, adequacy and poor quality of housing has become the bane of urban industrial life. In every industrial country the problems associated with the housing of the working clauses have increased as industry has developed and India has been no exception to that rule. The need of formulate and execute necessary housing programmes for industrial workers was expressed in eloquent terms by International Labour Organization, Royal Commission on Labour in India and also by some provincial labour enquiry committees. The Labour Investigation Committee, having reviewed the housing conditions in various urban areas in India came to the conduction that industrial housing in general was for from the factory. The committee felt that a clear long term housing policy was essential for improving housing conditions of the industrial workers. The problem of housing in a developing country like India has a special significance in view of the increased tempo of industrialization greater urbanization and influx of rural population in cities in recent years. Several schemes were introduced to promote housing construction for industrial works of these; the subsidized housing scheme for industrial workers and economically weaker sections of the community, introduced in the year 1952 is revised in the year 1960. A subsidy of 12 per cent up to a maximum of Rs. 200 per house is allowed by the government of India to the state governments in conditions that the state governments also contribute an amount. A part from the progress made under the different housing schemes the employers are also providing housing facilities to their workers of their own accord. Further the role of the co-operative societies in providing houses to their number workers has helped is a significant way by effecting economy is the cost of housing constructing and imbibing a spirit of self help and mutual co-operation. The state housing boards have been constituted to implement various social housing schemes. However, the chief problem that stands as an obstacle in the way of under taking housing construction on a massive scale is the problem of financial resources. Housing accommodation provided has been management of the PDL, enquired into two stared buildings, and there is two and three bed rooms provided. It was allotted with the hierarchical steps. This has been provided the management of the plant. Housing accommodation provided by the company is: Rent free accommodation for employees. Mineral water provided for clinking.

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Plaster of Paris false ceiling for all 2nd floor houses. Air conditions and furnishing for senior managers at housing colony. (B) Education Facilities: Education promotes facilities of rezoning and thinking in person literacy enhances general awareness among individuals, driving away innocence and ignorance. It also helps them to industrial and copes with the general economic and social environment. In juxtaposition, training increases the knowledge and skill of an individual in doing a particular job. The place of economic and social program of a particular country largely depends upon the quality of work force education players an important in motivating and enabling the working population for accelerated progress and for their mental and physical development. Company has provided the provisions are air- conditioned vehicle for school going children in city. The educational needs in industry are two fold: adult/ workers education schemes for workers and schools and colleges for their children. While adult education centers will enable the workers to be literate and three by acquire at least minimum knowledge to lead an orderly and civilized life and also gain some awareness and untreatably of his role via-a-vise the organization, facilities for education of the children to the workers should be provided so that it helps them to obtain better employment opportunities and there by they have an opportunity to improve their economic position over a period. (C) Transportation Facilities: The provision of adequate and cheap transport facilities to industrial workers residing at long distance from the place of their work is essential as such facilities relieve the workers form strain and anxiety provide relief and relaxation and reduce the absenteeism on account of late arrival. The International Labour Conference emphasized that by means of a well conceived transport system and by affording special facilities in regard to farm and time tables. Workers should be enabling to reduce to the minimum the time spent in travelling between their homes and their work. The importance of the transport facilities in a developing country like India hardly needs any emphasis in view of general factory such as the remoteness of industrial areas from the main centers of working population, growing urbanization and growing tempo of industrialization coupled with dispersal of industries. Transportation is particularly necessary to those workers who in shift and leave for have at odd hours when a public transport facility are not available. Of course in the case of the power plant 90 percent of the transportation has available for the employees with Air-conditions management has to be provided the Transport to meet any emergency. (D) Recreation: Recreation is one of the items of welfare, which relaxes and refreshers the mental and physical facilities of an employee after going through the strings and stresses of a busy work should in the plant. As appropriately described by the malavya committee, no social institutions devised by human ingenuity for satisfaction of main fundamental urges of self expression, recognition and new experience has served its origination and new experience has served its originator so truly and so well as recreation. Recreation is generally regarding to be the opposite to work. In the case of a very few exceptional individuals who find their work so absorbing and satisfying, work itself may be the recreation. But to millions of those who indulge in performing routine mechanical jobs is factories and workshops, recreation is leisure time activity by which monetary and drudgery is lessened. An enquiry into the recreational facilities provided by the PEARL Distillery Ltd., shows that these facilities are:
Childrens park. Table Tennis for the Employees at their housing colony. Shuttle Court, Volley ball court. Cricket pitch. Screening of movies for children and adults

Get together arranged in housing colony with employees and family members with entertainment and food arrangement the expenses of which are borne by the company.

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Uniforms: The dress apparel is as important as a tool to a worker in a company. It provides the means by which he performance his job effectively with case. In fact a particular type of dress or the uniform goes to identity a person in that dress with a particular specified job. The information furnished by the PEARL distillery Ltd., in this regards shows that supplied in all the units to the employees in the sections, to executions and non-executions. A pair of gumboots, safety shoes, protective equipment like hard hats, earmuffs and earplugs, safety goggles, dust marks, hand gloves, rain coats wash helmets for two wheeler riders are also provided. Over all under mining of the statutory provisions and lack spontaneous relations on the imperative need of employee welfare measures both by the employees and employers. The fulfillment of the statutory requirements in case of employers was carried out on a regular basis 50 for as these requirements relate to the contribution of amounts to the statutory funds, like personal accident policy and payment of gratuity and bounces.

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