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8/16/2012
Design and Construction of Concrete Tanks for Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Containment, Part 2
ACI Spring 2012 Convention March 18 21, Dallas, TX
ACI WEB SESSIONS
Michael S. Brannan, P.E. Retired civil/geotechnical engineer whose worldwide foundation experience in many different projects including refrigerated liquid gas storage provided the committee with a broad perspective on what is necessary and achievable within the code. Mike has provided geotechnical engineering expertise for onshore and offshore projects. Mike was Staff Upstream Civil/Geotechnical Engineer, Chief Geotechnical Engineer for Phillips Petroleum, Civil Engineer for Van Gundy & Associates, and Captain in the US Army Corps of Engineers at Fort Leonard Wood and the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam. He grew up operating heavy construction and farm equipment and attained Eagle Scout rank in Western Kansas. He has degrees in Civil Engineering and Geology from Kansas State University and a Masters in Civil/Environmental Engineering from the University of Oklahoma. He has attended a host of seminars and short courses as well as presenting seminars and portions of courses on several topics. ACI WEB SESSIONS
Foundation Types
Chapter 10 Foundations ACI 376-10
Supporting Concrete Structures Containing Refrigerated Liquefied Gases
ACI WEB SESSIONS
Shallow Foundations
Annular Rings and Mats Deep Foundations Driven or Drilled Piles
Performance Issues
Support Live and Dead Loads Control Settlement
Initial, Long term, & Differential
GeotechnicalInvestigation
.andwecansave700lirabynot doingasoilsinvestigation.
MichaelS.Brannan Presenter
ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas
8/16/2012
GeotechnicalEngineer
ComprehensiveInvestigation
RegionalInformation Publishedwork RemoteSensing AerialorSatellite Geophysics Seismic,Electromagnetic FieldTests ConePenetrometer,Drilling LaboratoryTests
ACI WEB SESSIONS
SoilsPropertiesNecessary
ArealandVerticalDistributionofSoilUnits ThicknessofindividualSoilUnits UnitSoilProperties
Compressibility Initialandlongterm ShearStrength Shearmodulus ThermalandElectricalConductivity Drainageproperties
BasicInformation
StructuralEngineertoGeotechnicalEngineer TankandFoundation Configuration GravityLoads,Wind&Seismicforces TensionUpliftForces PermissibleSettlementLimits TypesofFoundations tobeconsidered
Boreholes&ConePentrometers
OneatCenter&ThreeonPerimeter Greaterthan100ft,oneadditionalforeach 10,000sqftoftankarea. Depthtobelowsignificantinfluence<10%or tocompetentstratum PushCPTstorefusal(25ton) Centerto1.5D,perimeterto0.85Dmin.
EarthquakeGeotechnics
SiteSpecificSeismicHazardAssessment
GroundAccelerations,Velocities,&Displacements Usedtocalculateseismicresponseofstructure SoilStructureInteraction(NotonSiteClassA&B) SoilLiquefactionandSpreading(SSE&OBE) Mitigationmethodsandpotential
ShallowFoundationDesign
AllowableBearingPressure(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimateBearingPressure/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.1 EdgeshearandBaseshear
Overturning&Anchorage SlidingResistanceMin.FactorofSafety
1.5forWind&OBE 1.2SSE
MichaelS.Brannan Presenter
ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas
8/16/2012
SETTLEMENT
Uniformpermittedifstructureaccommodates DifferentialorUniform(Planar)tiltinglimited to1/500 Dishingonradiallines(max.3/81/300) Footingaroundperimeterlesserof
1/500ormaximumcalculatedforuniformtilting
DeepFoundations
Numerousindividualcomponents additive Driven&CastInPlacePiles PileSelectionStudy(Availability&COST) PileTestingProgram(EarliertheBetter) PileDrivingEffects Settlement DownDrag&NegativeSkin Friction
Consideradjacenttanks,soilstiffness,etc.
DeepFoundationDesign
AllowablePileCapacity(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimatePileCapacity/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.2 StructuralStrengthofPile
GroundImprovement
Removeandreplacew/bettermaterial Soildensityimprovement Vibratingpiledriverspud(Vibrocompaction) Dynamiccompaction(40to100tonweightdrop) Wickdrainstoenhancesettlement Preloadwithexcessoverburden(20+meters) Deepsoilmixingw/cementetc.
Overturning&Uplift LateralLoadResistance
ACI WEB SESSIONS
FoundationDetails
Groundwater bottomoftankalwaysabove Drainage awayfromtanktosump Foundation heating controlfrostheave
Heatingcables Ventilatedfoundation(airgap) Welldrainedgranularsoilwithdeepwatertable
FoundationMonitoring
Settlement
Min.8permanentsurveypoints(divisibleby4) Spacednomorethan33ftaroundperimeter
MichaelS.Brannan Presenter
ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas
8/16/2012
MonitoringFrequency
Settlement duringconstruction, hydrotesting, commissioning andannually Inclinometers withinaweekofsettlement Thermal cooldown,inservice commissioning andatleastweekly Seismic continuous w/regularmaintenance Corrosion twiceayear
Inspection&Testing
Codeprovidesforminimumrequirementsfor testingofmaterialsandinstallation Codealsoprovidesforminimumqualifications ofwelders,inspectorsandtechnicians Codeprovidesforminimumdocumentation to beretainedandfurnishedtotheowner
Questions?
Communication &Cooperation
ACI WEB SESSIONS ACI WEB SESSIONS
FinalThoughts
DirtAint Cheap!!
MotherEarthisverytricky!! Likesurgeons,Geotechs burytheirmistakes andyoustillowethebill. Themoreyouknow,thelowerthesafety factorrequired! Thesooneryouknowit,thelessitcosts
ACI WEB SESSIONS
MichaelS.Brannan Presenter