Laboratorio L'emulatore Packet Tracer2

Angelo Coiro
Laboratorio
Applicazioni Telematiche
INFOCOM Dept
Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011
Lemulatore Packet Tracer
INFOCOM Dept
Packet Tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer is an academic software that allows to emulate Cisco devices Packet Tracer can be used for
Creating networks composed of generic and/or Cisco devices Emulating the Command Line Interface (CLI) of the Cisco IOS Configuring network devices by means of GUI or CLI and checking their state by creating a traffic scenario and observing the network behaviour Dynamically monitoring the state of every device or the format of all packets sent in the network
INFOCOM Dept
PT, a first look
INFOCOM Dept
Network Devices
We can
Use real network devices (Cisco)
Create a new device
Available devices are categorized in:

Routers, Switches, Hubs (Repeaters), Wireless Devices (Access Point), End Devices (PCs, servers, printers,IPphone), WAN emulations (DSL e Cable Modem), customized devices
INFOCOM Dept
How to create a device
1. Click on Select tool 4. Click on workspace. 2. Select a type of device
3. Choose a device
INFOCOM Dept
Tools: The Common Tools Bar
Select tool : select an item on the workspace Move tool: to move the whole topology Note tool: to add a notice Delete tool: to remove links and devices
INFOCOM Dept
Empty device
3. Physical Tab 4. Modules
2. Click on Device
1. Select generic empty device, e.g. Router
INFOCOM Dept
Adding modules to an empty device

4. Switch on the device 4. To remove a module drag it to the module list
1. Switch off the device
2. Choose the interface you want to install; e.g. Cable Gigabit Ethernet (CGE), Fiber Gigabit Ethernet (FGE), etc
3. Drag the module to an available slot on the device

INFOCOM Dept
Connecting devices
To connect two devices we need to choose:
a suitable transmission medium (wired or wireless connection?)
Correct interfaces
Smart connection mode is also available:

PT automatically selects the correct cable and interface
INFOCOM Dept
Smart Connection
4. Click on first device. 5. Click on second device. 2. Click on Connection. 3. Smart Connection.
1. Click Select tool
INFOCOM Dept
Port Status
Red means that the port is "down: it does not work!
The default state of a router interface is "shutdown".
INFOCOM Dept
Port Labels
Put the mouse cursor over the link to see which are the ports that the "Smart Connection" has used
INFOCOM Dept
Manual Connection
Choose the correct cable
Fiber if you want to use a Fiber Gigabit Ethernet interface
Copper if you want to use a Copper Ethernet interface

Copper Straight-Through if you are connecting an Ethernet end-device (PC or Router) to a switch Copper Cross-Over if you are directly connecting two enddevices (PC or Router)
Click on devices and choose the correct interface

INFOCOM Dept
Configuring devices with PT (1/2)

Packet Tracer provides a GUI to make basic configuration
It also shows equivalent CLI commands Not used in this course
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring devices with PT (2/2)

Packet Tracer emulates the Command Line Interface of Cisco-IOS
Same commands of any Cisco device!!!
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring un Router
INFOCOM Dept
Management ports
INFOCOM Dept
How to use AUX and Console ports

The console and AUX ports are used for management operations
they are serial and asynchronous one of them is required for the initial router configuration (The console port is recommended) not all routers have an AUX port
Once you have edited the initial configuration, the router can be connected to the network
It is better to use the console port because it allows to display by default router startup, debugging and error messages
It can also be used for recovery procedures (in case of disasters) or for password recovery.
INFOCOM Dept
Connection configuration with console port

The console port is used to provide out-of-band access (for management operations) It is used for the initial configuration, troubleshooting, monitoring and disaster recovery procedures. To connect to a console port we have to use a rollover cable and a RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter. The PC must support terminal emulation, with software such as HyperTerminal
INFOCOM Dept
Establishing a HyperTerminal session(1/2)

A console terminal is an ASCII terminal or a PC running terminal emulation on the console port
The default parameters for the console port are 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit and no flow control, the console port does not support hardware flow control
The steps required are

Connecting the terminal using a rollover cable (using the appropriate adapter RJ-45 to DB-9) Configuring as indicated above the terminal or the terminal emulator on the PC
INFOCOM Dept
Establishing a HyperTerminal session (2/2)

1. Configure the terminal
9600 baud 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit No flow control
emulation on the PC with:

The appropriate COM port
2. Connect the connector RJ-45 of

the rollover cable to the router console port the cable to the adapter RJ45 to DB-9
3. Connect the other end of

4. Attach the DB-9 side of
the adapter to the PC.
INFOCOM Dept
Terminal Session on PT (1/3)

Connecting the terminal (the PC) with the Router
3. Connect the PC with the Router 2. Click on Console 1. Click on Connections

INFOCOM Dept

Opening a Terminal Session
2. Click on Desktop 3. Click on Terminal 1. Click on PC 4. Open the session
INFOCOM Dept
Now you are connected with the Router You can use the CLI of the Router
INFOCOM Dept
Cisco IOS
A router or a switch cannot work without an operating system The Cisco IOS operating system is the software architecture of Cisco routers and Catalyst switches The Cisco IOS provides the following services:
Basic functions of routing and switching
Secure and reliable access to network resources
INFOCOM Dept
CLI (1/2)
The Cisco IOS uses a command line interface (CLI)
Two possible ways of accessing
Console session
uses a low-speed serial connection or a modem it is not necessary that the router has configured the network services
Telnet session
To establish a Telnet session with a router at least one interface must be configured with an IP address and the virtual terminal must be configured for login and password
INFOCOM Dept
CLI (2/2)
The CLI uses a hierarchical structure
Each level allows to accomplish certain tasks
The sessions EXEC (executive command, the interpreter of IOS commands) supports two levels of access
User EXEC mode
Privileged EXEC mode or enable mode
The user EXEC mode allows only a limited number of basic commands for monitoring functions ("view only" mode)
It does not allow any command that could change the router configuration
It is recognized for the prompt >"
The Privileged EXEC mode allows to use the whole set of commands:
It is possible to set a password for accessing Privileged EXEC It is recognized for the prompt "#"
INFOCOM Dept
Levels of access to the commands (1/3)

Routers have two access levels
User EXEC mode Privileged EXEC mode
To access the complete set of commands you must enter in the Privileged EXEC mode At the prompt ">" you have to write the command "enable The password to enter in the privileged mode can be set using the commands "enable password" or "enable secret
if you use both commands the latter has priority
When the login has been completed the prompt changes to "#"
INFOCOM Dept

The configuration via CLI for a Cisco router is always done in global configuration mode Other configuration modes (not global) are accessible from the global configuration mode
To access the global configuration mode you have to use the command configure terminal
Router#configure terminal Router(config)#
From the global configuration mode you can configure

Interfaces Subinterfaces Routing Protocols Access-list
INFOCOM Dept

To return to the USER EXEC mode you can use the command "disable" or "exit" To return to the privileged EXEC mode from the global configuration one use exit o Ctrl-Z
This command can also be used to return directly to the privileged mode from anywhere in the global configuration mode
INFOCOM Dept
Command modes of the CLI
INFOCOM Dept
Aid in the router CLI

Writing ? in the user EXEC or in the privileged mode it will be displayed the list of available commands
After "-More-" at the end of the display, the screen will display other commands Pressing ENTER, we will see the next line, any other key causes the return to the prompt
You can also enter in the privileged mode using the command "ena
Example: Suppose that we have to set the clock and we dont know the command
Use "?" To find the command to set the clock
Check the syntax to change the time

Set the time using hours, minutes and seconds Press "Ctrl-P" or "up arrow" to repeat the last command The symbol ^ indicates an error
The tab key completes a command

INFOCOM Dept
Naming the router

A router should be named with a "unique name To assign a name from the global config
Router(config)#hostname Tokyo Tokyo(config)#
INFOCOM Dept
Reserved access (1/4)

The access to the router can be limited by configuring passwords Passwords can be configured to restrict the access:
1. 2. 3.
to the router from the console port to the router from a virtual terminal line (vty), eg. access via Telnet to the Privileged EXEC mode
To configure a password for the access via console:

Router(config)#line console 0 Router(config-line)#password <password> Router(config-line)#login
INFOCOM Dept

To configure a password for the access via the virtual terminal line:
Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#password <password> Router(config-line)#login
INFOCOM Dept

To configure a password for the access to the Privileged EXEC mode: There are two possible solutions:
1. Using the command enable password

Router(config)#enable password <password>
In this case the password is stored unencrypted in the configuration file (it is visible using the command show running-config o show startup-config)
INFOCOM Dept

You can encrypt your password by enabling the service password encryption:
Router(config)#service password-encryption
2. Using the command enable secret

Router(config)#enable secret <password>
The password is encrypted in the configuration file
The encryption algorithm used by the command enable secret is more robust than the one used by the password encryption service
INFOCOM Dept
The command show (1/2)

It is used to display some information related to the router It is available in User EXEC or in Privileged EXEC (with different access levels to the information) Examples:
show interfaces shows all statistics of the interfaces
show controllers serial displays specific information about the hardware of the interface show clock shows the time set in the router show hosts shows the cached list of host names and addresses show users shows all users connected to the router show history shows the history of used commands
INFOCOM Dept
The commandshow (2/2)

show flash shows information on flash memory and on
flies sored on it
show version shows router and IOS information show ARP shows the ARP table of the router
show protocol shows global and local (each interface)
states of Layer 3 protocols
show startup-configuration shows the configuration stored
in the NVRAM
show running-configuration shows the configuration
currently used and stored in the RAM
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring an Ethernet interface

Enter in Global Configuration mode Enter in the Specific Configuration mode We want to configure the interface gigabitEthernet 0/0 Configure the IP address and the Subnet Mask Enable the interface It is disabled (shutdown) by default
Router#configure terminal Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
INFOCOM Dept
Interface description (1/3)

It is useful to assign a description to an interface The description does not affect interface operation as it is just a comment. The descriptions may include for example:
the name of the network connected to the interface the location of the interface
Interface descriptions are inserted with the command "description" in the interface configuration section
INFOCOM Dept
INFOCOM Dept

Steps of the procedure (from Privileged EXEC):
1.
Enter in global configuration mode with the command "configure terminal "Interface ethernet0
2. Enter in the specific mode interface with: (for example) 3. Use the command "description" followed by the
information that should be displayed mode
4. Use the command "Ctrl-Z" to return to the Privileged EXEC
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring the Default Gateway of the PC
Click on the PC and then click on the Config tab In GLOBAL Settings, you can change the name of the PC and insert the IP address of the gateway.
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring the IP address of the PC
Click on FastEthernet in INTERFACE to configure the IP address and Subnet Mask.
INFOCOM Dept
Configuration files
Running-config file: contains the current configuration Startup-config file: contains the last saved configuration in the NVRAM (and reloaded after the restart) To change the router configuration you have to access the required mode and enter the command To verify the changes "show running-config"
INFOCOM Dept
Example of a simple configuration
INFOCOM Dept
Saving the configuration

To return to the previous configuration:
Disable the command with "no command_name Reload the original configuration file from the NVRAM Reload a configuration file stored on a TFTP server
To remove the startup-config file use the command "erase startup-config" and reboot the router (you enter in the setup mode)
To save the changes (reloaded after the restart) copy the configuration file in the NVRAM using the command "copy running-config startup-config Router# copy running-config startup-config
INFOCOM Dept
Checking Connectivity
Packet Tracer allows to check network connectivity in different ways. Realtime Mode: opening a command prompt from the desktop PC and trying to ping as in the real world. Simulation Mode: It is possible to create a simulation to see packets along their path and understand how they are processed
INFOCOM Dept
Chcking Connectivity in Realtime Mode
In Realtime mode, select Desktop from the tabbed interface. Click the Command Prompt icon to open a command prompt from the PC.
INFOCOM Dept
Ping the Default Gateway
Ping the Default Gateway
INFOCOM Dept
Configuring a router using a Telnet Session Remote devices can be configured by means of a Telnet session
The device must be reachable from your PC Open the Command Prompt Open the Telnet Session You are on the Routers CLI
INFOCOM Dept
Opening a Telnet Session

Write the command telnet IP address
INFOCOM Dept
Changing the addressing scheme

We want to change the address of the subnetwork from 192.168.1.0/24 to 192.168.2.0/24 When we change the address of interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 we will loose the connection
Change PC address properly and reconnect to the router to save changes
INFOCOM Dept
Scenario 2
Open file Lesson1-Scenario2.pkt
You can only access PC Rome

Look at the configuration of the PC Try to access Router Rome from Telnet
Discover its configuration

INFOCOM Dept
Discovering Network configuration

What is the IP address of Router Milan ? Can Router Milan be reached from PC Rome?
Check by a pingortrace route
Why?
How to access Router Milan to configure it?
INFOCOM Dept
Telent bounce
Once you have accessed a device, you can open a telnet session toward onther device in the network, and so on
PC Rome can reach Router Rome but not Router Milan
Router Rome can reach Router Milan!!!

INFOCOM Dept
Why does it succeed?

PC Rome
TELNET TCP IP MAC PHY
DA IP SA
Router Rome
TELNET TCP IP MAC MAC PHY PHY
DA IP SA
Router Milan
TELNET TCP IP MAC PHY
Works
R. Rom. PC Rom. Telnet
R. Mil. R. Rom. Telnet
PC Rome TELNET TCP IP MAC PHY Router Rome IP MAC MAC PHY PHY
DA IP
Router Milan TELNET TCP IP MAC PHY
Doesnt Work
INFOCOM Dept
R. Mil. PC Rom. Telnet

SA

Laboratorio L'emulatore Packet Tracer2

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Laboratorio L'emulatore Packet Tracer2

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Angelo Coiro

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Lemulatore Packet Tracer

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

PT, a first look

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Available devices are categorized in:

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

How to create a device

1. Click on Select tool 4. Click on workspace. 2. Select a type of device

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Tools: The Common Tools Bar

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

3. Physical Tab 4. Modules

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Adding modules to an empty device

3. Drag the module to an available slot on the device

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Smart connection mode is also available:

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

1. Click Select tool

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Red means that the port is "down: it does not work!

The default state of a router interface is "shutdown".

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Copper if you want to use a Copper Ethernet interface

Click on devices and choose the correct interface

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Configuring devices with PT (1/2)

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Configuring devices with PT (2/2)

Same commands of any Cisco device!!!

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

How to use AUX and Console ports

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Connection configuration with console port

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Establishing a HyperTerminal session(1/2)

The steps required are

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Establishing a HyperTerminal session (2/2)

emulation on the PC with:

2. Connect the connector RJ-45 of

3. Connect the other end of

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Terminal Session on PT (1/3)

3. Connect the PC with the Router 2. Click on Console 1. Click on Connections

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Terminal Session on PT (2/3)

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Terminal Session on PT (3/3)

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Privileged EXEC mode or enable mode

It is recognized for the prompt >"

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011

Levels of access to the commands (1/3)

Fondamenti di Reti - Prof. Marco Listanti - A.A. 2010/2011