Diffusivity Equation - WTA

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

Obtained by y combining g Continuity equation Equation of state for slightly compressible liquids Flow equation - Darcys law

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

The continuity y equation q is a restatement of the conservation of matter. That is, the rate of accumulation of fluid within a volume element is given by the rate at which the fluid flows into the volume minus the rate at which the fluid flows out of the volume. Nomenclature A m v = = = = Cross-sectional area open to flow, ft2 Rate of accumulation of mass within the volume, lbm/sec Fluid velocity, ft/sec Density of fluid, lbm/ft3

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

This equation q describes the change g in density y with p pressure for a liquid with small and constant compressibility. Nomenclature c p = = = Compressibility, psi-1 P Pressure, psi i Density of fluid, lbm/ft3

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

Nomenclature A k L p p q ux x = = = = = = = = = Cross sectional area open to flow, cm2 Permeability, darcies Length of flow path, cm Pressure, atm Pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides, atm Flow rate, cm3/sec Flow velocity, cm/sec Spatial coordinate, cm Viscosity, cp

MOnur

Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

The diffusivity y equation q is obtained by y combining g - The continuity equation - The equation of state for a slightly compressible liquid - Darcys law Other transient flow equations may be obtained by combining different equations of state and different flow equations - Gas flow equation - Multiphase flow equation

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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L is here length g T is time In oil field units, is in units of ft2/hr h is the formation thickness (in field units in ft)

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Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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P is here p pressure in p psi. In oil field units, the units of ct is 1/psi. cr is solid rock compressibility in 1/psi.

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - PTT Interpretation and Analysis

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Here, , pi p is the initial p pressure, , which is assumed to be uniform in the reservoir

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The Ei-function solution to the diffusivity y equation q assumes line source well (finite size of wellbore can be neglected). This solution is valid only for r > rw . It predicts the pressure response in the reservoir as a function of both time t and distance from the center of the wellbore r. The above pressure equation is in oil field units; k is in md, ct is in 1/psi, h is in ft etc., time t is in hours.

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Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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The argument g of the Ei-function, , x, , is given g by: y

x= 948 c t r 2 kt

Short times or large distances large x Long times or short distances small x For short times, x > 10, pressure response predicted by the Eifunction is negligible. For long times, x < 0.01, pressure response may be calculated using the logarithmic approximation to the Ei-function. For intermediate times, 0.01 < x < 10, the full Ei-function must be used to calculate the pressure response.

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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At any yg given p point in the reservoir, , at sufficiently y early y times, , the pressure response is essentially negligible. This approximation applies whenever

948 c t r 2 > 10 kt

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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At any yg given p point in the reservoir, , at sufficiently y late times, , the pressure response is approximately logarithmic in time. This approximation applies whenever

948 c t r 2 . < 0 . 01 kt

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Consider the p pressure p profile in an infinite-acting g reservoir during g drawdown. At t = 0 the pressure is uniform throughout the reservoir. At t = 0.01 hours only a small region within 10 ft of the wellbore has shown the effects of the transient. Sometime later, later at t =1 hour, hour the pressure transient has moved into a larger region, perhaps 100 ft from the wellbore. Still later, at t =100 hours, the pressure transient has moved even further from the wellbore. As production continues, the pressure transient continues to move through the reservoir until it has reached all of the boundaries of the reservoir.

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Assumptions p Radial flow Infinite-acting reservoir Homogeneous reservoir Effect of reservoir properties Increasing porosity, viscosity, or total compressibility increases the time required to reach a given radius of investigation. Increasing permeability decreases the time required to reach a given radius of investigation investigation. Changing the rate has no effect on the radius of investigation.

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Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Consider what happens pp when we shut in the well from the previous slide for a buildup. At the instant of shutin, t=0, the pressure begins to build up in the well. However, this rise in pressure does not affect the entire reservoir at once. At t = 0.01 hours, , the pressure p buildup p has affected only y that part of the reservoir within about 10 ft of the wellbore. A pressure gradient still exists in the bulk of the reservoir. This means that fluid continues to flow in most of the reservoir, even during buildup. At t =1 hour, the pressure has built up in a larger area, within about b t 100 ft of f th the wellbore. llb As the shutin period continues, the region within which the pressure has built up grows until the entire reservoir is at uniform pressure.

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Exercise 6 R di l Flow Radial Fl and d Radius R di of f Investigation I ti ti Calculate Radius of Investigation for an Undersaturated Oil Reservoir
Calculate the time required to reach a radius of investigation of 745 feet for the following situation. Use the data and results from Exercise 2 in the section Part-2 Basics_WTA, with the following additional information. Undersaturated oil reservoir (above the bubblepoint)

ct ko

= = = =

0.17 1.06 cp 1.36x10-5 psi-1 250 md

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Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Exercise 7 R di l Flow Radial Fl and d Radius R di of f Investigation I ti ti Calculate Radius of Investigation for a Saturated Oil Reservoir
Calculate the time required to reach a radius of investigation of 745 feet for the following situation. Use the data and results from Exercise 3 in the section Part_2_Basics_WTA with the following additional information. Saturated oil reservoir ( (below the original g bubblepoint) p ) ct kro k = = = = = 0.17 1.185 cp 1.42 x 10-4 psi-1 0.8 250 md (absolute permeability)

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Exercise 8 R di l Flow Radial Fl and d Radius R di of f Investigation I ti ti Calculate Radius of Investigation for a Low-Pressure, High-Permeability Gas Reservoir
Calculate the time required to reach a radius of investigation of 745 feet for the following situation. Use the data and results from Exercise 4 in the section Part-2_Basics_WTA with the following additional information. Low-pressure, high-permeability gas reservoir ct k

= = = =

0.12 0.01151 cp 6.52 x 10-3 psi-1 100 md

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Sept. 2013

Diffusivity Equation - WTA

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Exercise 9 R di l Flow Radial Fl and d Radius R di of f Investigation I ti ti Calculate Radius of Investigation for a High-Pressure, Low-Permeability Gas Reservoir
Calculate the time required to reach a radius of investigation of 745 feet for the following situation. Use the data and results from Exercise 5 in the section Part-2 Basics_WTA, with the following additional information. High-pressure, low-permeability gas reservoir

0.04

ct k

= = =

0.02514 cp 1.151 x 10-4 psi-1 0.08

MOnur

Sept. 2013