PCB3013-Well Test Analysis

HW# 7
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Onur, UTP, September 2013
SOLUTIONS

Given Date: November 14, 2013
Due Data: November 25, 2013
Subject: Analysis of a Reservoir Limit Test (RLT)

The data provided in Tables 1 and 2 are pertinent to a reservoir limit test conducted in a
fully-penetrating oil well producing at a constant rate. Table 2 presents the pressure change
and pressure-derivative data for the drawdown RLT. Our objective here is to estimate, k
(permeability), S (skin), V
p
(pore volume), p (average reservoir pressure) and C
A
(the Dietz
shape factor for well/reservoir configuration).

(a) (20 marks) Make a log-log plot of pressure change p and its derivative vs. time. Then
identify the flow regimes exhibited by the data and their time intervals on the log-log
diagnostic plot.

(b) (30 marks) Perform semi-log analysis if you observe an infinite acting to determine kh
(and k), S and t
esl
, where t
esl
represents the time value where the pressure data departs from
the semilog line due to boundary effects. Justify the time interval where you fit your
semilog straight line.

(c) (30 marks) Perform Cartesian analysis of pressure data and determine the beginning of the
pseudosteady state time, t
pss
, and then to compute the reservoir pore volume V
p
. Justify the the
pressure points where you fit your straight line on the Cartesian plot.

(d) (5 marks) Compute the average reservoir pressure. You will use the following equation where t
can be taken as the last time point at which pressure is measured.

t
c V
qB
t
Ah c
qB
p p
t p t
i
234 . 0 234 . 0
=

=
Where V
p
is the reservoir pore volume.

(e) (15 marks) Compute the Dietz shape factor C
A
. Then based on the values of C
A
, t
DA
,
esl
ve t
DA,pss

and using the chart given in Appendix I, identify the appropriate well/ reservoir configuration(s).

Table 1. Reservoir/well and fluid data
Reservoir Thickness, h, 30 ft
Well radius, r
w
,, 0.328 ft
Viscosity, , 0.8 cp
Formation volume factor, B
o
, 1.25 RB/STB
Porosity, 0.2
Toplam sktrlabilirlik, c
t
1.0x10
-5
1/psi
Flow rate 200 STB/D
Initial pressure, p
i
5000 psi


Tablo 2. RLT Pressure and Pressure-Derivative Data

Time, hour Delta pressure,
p, psi
Pressure-
Derivative,
p, psi
1.00E-03 8.74E+00 7.71E+00
1.58E-03 1.29E+01 9.95E+00
2.00E-03 1.53E+01 1.15E+01
2.51E-03 1.82E+01 1.29E+01
3.16E-03 2.12E+01 1.43E+01
3.98E-03 2.48E+01 1.52E+01
5.01E-03 2.82E+01 1.56E+01
6.31E-03 3.20E+01 1.48E+01
7.94E-03 3.50E+01 1.43E+01
1.00E-02 3.86E+01 1.41E+01
1.26E-02 4.15E+01 1.29E+01
1.58E-02 4.45E+01 1.18E+01
2.00E-02 4.69E+01 9.26E+00
2.51E-02 4.88E+01 9.39E+00
3.16E-02 5.12E+01 5.22E+00
3.98E-02 5.12E+01 6.31E+00
5.01E-02 5.41E+01 8.69E+00
6.31E-02 5.52E+01 4.78E+00
7.94E-02 5.63E+01 5.64E+00
1.00E-01 5.78E+01 6.50E+00
1.26E-01 5.93E+01 5.00E+00
1.58E-01 6.01E+01 3.67E+00
2.00E-01 6.10E+01 7.25E+00
3.16E-01 6.36E+01 4.77E+00
3.98E-01 6.56E+01 5.42E+00
5.01E-01 6.61E+01 3.69E+00
6.31E-01 6.73E+01 3.25E+00
7.94E-01 6.76E+01 4.33E+00
1.00E+00 6.93E+01 7.58E+00
1.58E+00 7.28E+01 2.79E+00
2.51E+00 7.32E+01 5.44E+00
3.16E+00 7.48E+01 4.13E+00
3.98E+00 7.51E+01 7.17E+00
5.01E+00 7.81E+01 5.88E+00
6.31E+00 7.78E+01 6.11E+00
7.94E+00 8.09E+01 1.45E+01
1.00E+01 8.45E+01 1.39E+01
1.26E+01 8.73E+01 1.25E+01
1.58E+01 9.02E+01 1.84E+01
2.00E+01 9.59E+01 2.78E+01
2.51E+01 1.03E+02 3.30E+01
3.16E+01 1.11E+02 3.69E+01
3.98E+01 1.20E+02 4.56E+01
5.01E+01 1.32E+02 6.07E+01
6.31E+01 1.48E+02 7.60E+01
7.94E+01 1.67E+02 1.04E+02
APPENDIX I

In Table C.1, C
A
represents the Dietz shape factor, the column with `Exact for t
DA
`
represents t
DA,pss
, and the last column `Use infinite system` represents t
DA,esl
. The
equations for t
DA,pss
and t
DA,esl
are given by
esl
t
esl DA
t
hA c
kh
t

4
,
10 637 . 2

= (I-1)
pss
t
pss DA
t
hA c
kh
t

4
,
10 637 . 2

= (I-2)


SOLUTIONS

(a) Figure S.1 shows the log-log plot of the drawdown pressure change and its Bourdet
derivative data. As can be see from derivative data, there is a short period of unit-slope
indicating wellbore storage effect. We observe a hump in derivative data in the time
interval from 0.003 to 0.03 hr, possibly due to a positive skin factor. The wellbore
storage effect ends at about 0.003 hr. Although the derivative data are scattered due to
noise, an infinite acting-radial flow period can be identified as a zero-slope line in the
time interval from 0.03 to 6.0 hr. After about 6.5 hr, we observe a unit-slope line which
is indicative of the pseudo-steady state flow regime, when the no-flow boundaries of
the reservoir influence the well respons.



Figure S.1 Log-Log plot of pressure change and derivative

(b) Figure S.2 showns the semi-log plot based on p not pressure. The slope m is
calculated as:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
. / 06 . 12
1 . 0 log 1 log
48 . 57 54 . 69
1 log 2 log
1 2
hr psi
y y
y y
m =

= (1)
From this slope value, the permeability k is calculated as:
. 9 . 89
06 . 12 * 30
8 . 0 * 25 . 1 * 200
6 . 162 6 . 162 md
hm
qB
k = = =

(2)
1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2
Zaman, saat
1E+0
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
D
e
l
t
a
-
p

v
e

D
e
l
t
a
-
p
'
n
i
n

l
o
g
a
r
i
t
m
i
k

t

r
e
v
i
,

p
s
i
Delta-p
Delta-p'nin Trevi
Birim Egimli Dogru
(Kuyuici Depolanma Etkileri)
evrel Akis
(Radyal Akis)
Birim Egimli Dogru
(Dis Sinir Etkileri)
Unit-slope line (WBS)
Unit-slope line (PSS Flow)
IARF
Time, h
The skin is computed from the following equation:
52 . 0 23 . 3
328 . 0 * 8 . 0 * 5 5 . 1 * 2 . 0
9 . 89
log
06 . 12
54 . 69
151 . 1
23 . 3 log 151 . 1
2
2
1
=
(

+
|

\
|

=
(

+
|
|

\
|

=
e
r c
k
m
p
S
w t
hr

(3)
As shown in Fig. S.2, the pressure change (p) data deviate from the semi-log line at about
6 hr so so t
esl
= 6 hr. Note that p1hr is equal to 4930.46 psi.

Figure S.2: Semi-log plot for IARF analysis.
(c) Figure S.3 shows a Cartesian plot of flowing bottom-hole pressure vs. time. As can be
seen, a well defined straight line with a slope equal to m
*
=1.202 psi/hr and a intercept
at t = 0 as p
0hr
= 4972.82 psi was fitted through the data after t
pss
= 6.5 hr. From the
slope, the pore volume is determined as:
3
5 *
6 . 3244014
202 . 1 * 10 5 . 1 * 24
25 . 1 * 200 * 615 . 5
24
615 . 5
ft
m c
qB
V
t
p
=

= =

(4)
The drainage area of the well can be computed as:
1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2
Zaman, saat
0.0
40.0
80.0
120.0
160.0
200.0
D
e
l
t
a
-
p
,

p
s
i
Yapilan Fit
Y=B*Ln(X)+A
Y = 5.24586 * Ln(X) + 69.5406
t
esl
=6 hr
Time, h
2
5 *
4 . 540765
202 . 1 * 30 * 10 5 . 1 * 2 . 0
25 . 1 * 200 * 234 . 0 234 . 0
ft
hm c
qB
A
t
=

= =

(5)
(d) Using the equation given for the average pressure and evaluating it at the last test time
of t=79.4 hr
psi
e
t
c V
qB
t
Ah c
qB
p p
t p t
i
456 . 95 4 . 79
5 5 . 1 * 6 . 3244014
25 . 1 * 200 * 234 . 0 234 . 0 234 . 0
=

= = =

(6)
psi p 5 . 4904 = olarak bulunur.
(e) The Dietz shape factor C
A
is computed as:
( )
( ) 07 . 33 82 . 4972 46 . 4930
06 . 12
303 . 2
exp
202 . 1
06 . 12
456 . 5
303 . 2
exp 456 . 5
0 1
*
=
(

=
(

=
hr hr
r
r
A
p p
m m
m
C
(7)

Figure S.3 Cartesian plot of pwf vs. time.

The values of t
DA
,
esl
ve t
DA,pss
are computed from
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Zaman, saat
4800.0
4840.0
4880.0
4920.0
4960.0
5000.0
K
u
y
u
d
i
b
i

a
k
i
s

b
a
s
i
n
c
i
,

p
s
i
Linear, Y=B*X+A
Denklem:
Y = -1.20219 * X + 4927.82
p
wf

Time, h
1096 . 0 6
8 . 0 * 4 . 540765 * 30 * 10 5 . 1 * 2 . 0
30 * 9 . 89 * 10 637 . 2 10 637 . 2
5
4 4
,
=

esl
t
esl DA
t
hA c
kh
t

(8)
1187 . 0 5 . 6
8 . 0 * 4 . 540765 * 30 * 10 5 . 1 * 2 . 0
30 * 9 . 89 * 10 637 . 2 10 637 . 2
5
4 4
,
=

pss
t
pss DA
t
hA c
kh
t

(9)
Using these time values together with the value of C
A
=33.06, I determined a square or
hexagonal type reservoir with the well at the center could be plausible models for the test
data.