PCB3013-Well Test Analysis

HW# 8
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Onur, UTP, September 2013

Given Date: November 28, 2013
Due Data: December 05, 2013
Subject: Single- and Multi-Well Superposition

Problem 1. Consider the following well/reservoir system:

No-flow boundary
snr
Constant pressure boundary
2L
L
L/4
L/2

Show by a sketch indicating injection and production wells and their locations how we can
apply superposition (or imaging) method to generate the pressure response at the actual
well shown in above figure. Include at least 15 imaginary wells in your sketch. Also sketch
the log-log diagnostic plot of delta pressure and derivative vs. time that would be expected
to be observed during a constant-rate drawdown test if the well produces under wellbore
storage and positive skin effects. Explain each flow regime by drawing appropriate straight
lines and their slope to be observed.

Problem 2. Consider a two-well system in an infinitely large homogeneous reservoir, as
shown in the figure given below. Suppose that the well A is a production well, while the
well B is an injection well. The distance between the two wells is 700 ft. Ignore the
wellbore storage effects at both wells, and also assume that both wells can be treated as
line source wells. You should use the tables of exponential integral function to perform
your calculations. I have given this table to you in class! If the argument of the exponential
integral is less than 0.01, use its log approximation.


Under the assumptions given above, compute the pressure at the point R (see above figure)
when t = 150 hours.
800 ft
300 ft 250 ft
A B
R
700
Other pertinent data are:

p
i
= 7250 psi, B = 1.3 RB/STB, k = 40 md, h = 42 ft, = 0.2, c
t
= 10x10
-6
psi
-1
, = 1 cp,

Data for well A: q
A
= 620 STB/D, r
wA
= 0.4 ft, S
A
= 2
Data for well B: q
B
= -480 STB/D, r
wB
= 0.35 ft, S
B
= 1

Auxiliary Equations:


2
1
70.6 948
( ) 2
t w
i wf
qB c r
p p t E S
kh kt
( | |
= +
( |
\
,
2
1
70.6 948
( , )
t
i
qB c r
p p r t E
kh kt
| |
=
|
\


Here E
1
(x) = -Ei(-x)

Problem 3: Suppose that we have two wells (well A and B) that are 200 ft apart,
producing in an infinitely large reservoir. The flow rate histories of the wells A and B are
shown in Figs. 3.1 and 3.2, respectively. By using superposition in time and space, and the
data given in problem 2 for computations, compute the pressure

(a) at well A at time 30 hour.
(b) at well B at time 15 hour.

You can assume that both wells have the same well radius, and skin at well A is S
A
and
well B is S
B
. Neglect wellbore storage effects at the wells and assume that each well can be
represented by a line source well so that the pressure change at a point r, when the well
produces at a constant rate q can be given by the well known line source solution:

2
1
70.6
( , ) 2
4
qB r
p r t E S
kh t

( | |
= +
( |
\
(3.1)

0 (buildup)
250
100
qA, stb/D
t, hour
10 20

Fig. 3.1. Flow rate history for well A.

100
700
qB, stb/D
t, hour
5

Fig. 3.2. Flow rate history for well B.
Hint: If we have a single well producing with an n different constant-rate steps in an
infinitely large reservoir; then the pressure (say p
wf
) at this well can be computed from

1 1
1
( ) ( , )
n
i wf j j cu w j
j
p p t q q p r t t

=
( =

(3.2)

where p
cu
is the unit-rate pressure change response response and for a line source well, it
is given by

2
1
70.6
( , ) 2
4
w
cu w
r B
p r t E S
kh t

( | |
= +
( |
\
(3.3)

When using Eq. 3.2, note that you should take q
0
= 0 at t
0
= 0. You should use the tables of
exponential integral function to perform your calculations. I have given this table to you in
class! If the argument is smaller than x < 0.01, you may use the approximation
.. 577215 . 0 ); ln( ) (
1
=

xe x E to compute exponential integral.

Problem 4: Consider the following reservoir/well geometry. Note the length of the
reservoir in the x-direction is ten time the its length in the y-direction, and all its
boundaries are no flow, and well is located very near the one of its boundaries in the x-
direction. Assume that the actual well is an injection well.
(a) How many image wells needed to perform superposition in space to generate the
solution at the well by showing on a sketch? Indicate types of image wells as either
production or injection well and their locations on your sketch.
(b) Generate a log-log diagnostic plot of pressure-derivative vs. time that would be
expected to be observed during a constant-rate drawdown test if the well produces
under wellbore storage and positive skin effects.
(c) Show each flow regime by drawing the appropriate straight lines and their slopes to be
observed on the log-log plot that you draw in PART b.



.













No flow boundries
snr
10L
L
y-direction
x-direction