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Some of the best-known works starring Sherlock Holmes include the novel The Hound of
the Baskervilles (1902) and three short story collections, The Sign of Four (1890), The
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892), and His Last Bow (1917). These made Conan
Doyle internationally famous and served to popularize the detective-story genre. The
character of Holmes developed a large following, a cultlike devotion that still flourishes
in international fan clubs such as the Baker Street Irregulars (Holmes lived on Baker
Street in the stories). Conan Doyle's literary versatility brought him almost equal fame, as
he also published historical romances such as Micah Clarke (1888), The White Company
(1890), Rodney Stone (1896), and Sir Nigel (1906), as well as a play, A Story of Waterloo
(1894).
Conan Doyle served in the Boer War (1899-1902) as a physician, and on his return to
England wrote the nonfiction books The Great Boer War (1900) and The War in South
Africa: Its Causes and Conduct (1902), attempting to justify England's participation in
the fighting. For these works he was knighted in 1902. During World War I he wrote
History of the British Campaign in France and Flanders (6 volumes, 1916-1920) as a
tribute to British bravery.
An advocate of spiritualism beginning in the late 1880s, his lectures and writings on the
subject increased markedly after the death of his eldest son in the war. Conan Doyle’s
autobiography, Memories and Adventures, was published in 1924. He died in
Crowborough, Sussex, England, on July 7, 1930.