EN BANC BARANGAY ASSOCIATION FOR NATIONAL ADVANCEMENT AND TRANSPARENCY (BANAT), Petitioner, - versus COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (sitti !

"s t#$ N"tio "% Bo"&' o( C" )"ss$&s), Respondent. ARTS B*SINESS AND SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS, Intervenor. AANGAT TAYO, Intervenor. G.R. No. 179271

COALITION OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SENIOR CITI+ENS IN T,E P,ILIPPINES, INC. (SENIOR CITI+ENS), Intervenor. x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x BAYAN M*NA, ADVOCACY FOR TEAC,ER EMPO.ERMENT T,RO*G, ACTION, COOPERATION AND ,ARMONY TO.ARDS ED*CATIONAL REFORMS, INC., " ' ABONO, Petitioners, - versus -

G.R. No. 17929Present: PUNO, C.J., QUISUMBING, YNARES-SAN IAGO, !ARPIO, AUS RIA-MAR INE", !ORONA, !ARPIO MORA#ES,, INGA, !$I!O-NA"ARIO, %E#AS!O, &R., NA!$URA, #EONAR'O-'E !AS RO, BRION, PERA# A, (nd BERSAMIN, JJ.

COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent. x---------------------------------------------------x DECISION CARPIO, J./ T#$ C"s$ Petitioner in G.R. No. )*+,*) - B(r(n.(/ Asso0i(tion 1or N(tion(2 Adv(n0e3ent (nd r(nsp(ren0/ 4BANA 5 - in ( petition 1or 0ertior(ri (nd 3(nd(3us, (ss(i2s t6e Reso2ution pro3u2.(ted on 7 Au.ust ,88* 9/ t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions 4!OME#E!5 in NB! No. 8*-8:) 4P#5. 6e !OME#E!;s reso2ution in NB! No. 8*-8:) 4P#5 (pproved t6e re0o33end(tion o1 Att/. A2ioden '. '(2(i., $e(d o1 t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers 4NB!5 #e.(2 Group, to den/ t6e petition o1 BANA 1or 9ein. 3oot. BANA 1i2ed 9e1ore t6e !OME#E! En B(n0, (0tin. (s NB!, ( Petition to Proclaim the Full Number of Party-List Representatives Provided by the Constitution. 6e 1o22o<in. (re intervenors in G.R. No. )*+,*): Arts Business (nd S0ien0e Pro1ession(2s 4ABS5, A(n.(t (/o 4A 5, (nd !o(2ition o1 Asso0i(tions o1 Senior !iti=ens in t6e P6i2ippines, In0. 4Senior !iti=ens5. Petitioners in G.R. No. )*+,+> - B(/(n Mun(, A9ono, (nd Advo0(0/ 1or e(06er E3po<er3ent 6rou.6 A0tion, !ooper(tion (nd $(r3on/ o<(rds Edu0(tion(2 Re1or3s 4A e(06er5 - in ( petition 1or 0ertior(ri <it6 3(nd(3us (nd pro6i9ition, (ss(i2s NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8 pro3u2.(ted on + &u2/ ,88*. NB! No. 8*-?8 3(de ( p(rti(2 pro02(3(tion o1 p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions t6(t o9t(ined (t 2e(st t<o per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3. 6e !OME#E! (nnoun0ed t6(t, upon 0o3p2etion o1 t6e 0(nv(ss o1 t6e p(rt/-2ist resu2ts, it <ou2d deter3ine t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 se(ts o1 e(06 <innin. p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition in (00ord(n0e <it6 Veterans Federation Party v. CO !L!C 4Veterans5. Estre22( '# S(ntos, in 6er 0(p(0it/ (s President (nd @irst No3inee o1 t6e %eter(ns @reedo3 P(rt/, 1i2ed ( 3otion to intervene in 9ot6 G.R. Nos. )*+,*) (nd )*+,+>. T#$ F"0ts 6e ): M(/ ,88* e2e0tions in02uded t6e e2e0tions 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives. 6e !OME#E! 0ounted )>,+>8,+88 votes 0(st 1or +7 p(rties under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3. On ,* &une ,88,, BANA 1i2ed ( Petition to Proclaim the Full Number of Party-List Representatives Provided by the Constitution, do0Aeted (s NB! No. 8*-8:) 4P#5 9e1ore t6e NB!. BANA 1i2ed its petition 9e0(use BCtD6e !6(ir3(n (nd t6e Me39ers o1 t6e C!OME#E!D 6(ve re0ent2/ 9een Euoted in t6e n(tion(2 p(pers t6(t t6e C!OME#E!D is dut/ 9ound to (nd s6(22 i3p2e3ent t6e

Veterans ru2in., t6(t is, <ou2d (pp2/ t6e P(n.(ni9(n 1or3u2( in (22o0(tin. p(rt/-2ist se(ts. petition 9e1ore t6e NB!. BANA 1i2ed ( 3e3or(ndu3 on )+ &u2/ ,88*.

6ere <ere no intervenors in BANA ;s

On + &u2/ ,88*, t6e !OME#E!, sittin. (s t6e NB!, pro3u2.(ted NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8. NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8 pro02(i3ed t6irteen 4)75 p(rties (s <inners in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions, n(3e2/: Bu6(/ $(/((n Yu3(9on. 4BU$AY5, B(/(n Mun(, !iti=ens; B(tt2e A.(inst !orruption 4!IBA!5, G(9rie2(;s Fo3en P(rt/ 4G(9rie2(5, Asso0i(tion o1 P6i2ippine E2e0tri0 !ooper(tives 4APE!5, A e(06er, AA9(/(nG !iti=en;s A0tion P(rt/ 4AHBAYAN5, A2(.(d, #u=on @(r3ers P(rt/ 4BU I#5, !ooper(tive-N(t0o Net<orA P(rt/ 4!OOP-NA !!O5, An(A P(<is, A22i(n0e o1 Rur(2 !on0erns 4AR!5, (nd A9ono. Fe Euote NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8 in its entiret/ 9e2o<: F$EREAS, t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions sittin. en banc (s N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers, t6ru its Su9!o33ittee 1or P(rt/-#ist, (s o1 87 &u2/ ,88*, 6(d o11i0i(22/ 0(nv(ssed, in open (nd pu92i0 pro0eedin.s, ( tot(2 o1 (i(t$$ 1i%%io t2o #3 '&$' $i!#t4 t#&$$ t#o3s" ' si5 #3 '&$' (i(t46 i $ (1-,278,9-9) votes under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3 o1 Represent(tion, in 0onne0tion <it6 t6e N(tion(2 (nd #o0(2 E2e0tions 0ondu0ted 2(st ): M(/ ,88*I F$EREAS, t6e stud/ 0ondu0ted 9/ t6e #e.(2 (nd (9u2(tion Groups o1 t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers reve(2s t6(t t6e proJe0tedK3(xi3u3 tot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes 0(nnot .o (n/ 6i.6er t6(n si5t$$ 1i%%io s$)$ #3 '&$' t2$ t4 t#&$$ t#o3s" ' o $ #3 '&$' t2$ t46o $ (19,728,121) votes .iven t6e 1o22o<in. st(tisti0(2 d(t(: P&o:$0t$';M"5i131 P"&t46List Vot$s (o& M"4 2<<7 E%$0tio s i. ot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes (2re(d/ 0(nv(ssedKt(9u2(ted )>,,L7,?>+ ),77*,87, )8,,:78 19,728,121

ii. ot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes re3(inin. un0(nv(ssedK unt(9u2(ted 4i.e. 0(nv(ss de1erred5 iii. M(xi3u3 p(rt/-2ist votes 49(sed on )88M out0o3e5 1ro3 (re(s not /et su93itted 1or 0(nv(ss 4Bo.o, !e9uI B(is !it/I P(nt(r, #(n(o de2 NorteI (nd P(.(2un.(n, M(.uind(n(o5 M"5i131 Tot"% P"&t46List Vot$s F$EREAS, Se0tion )) o1 Repu92i0 A0t No. *+:) 4P(rt/-#ist S/ste3 A0t5 provides in p(rt:

6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e entit2ed to one se(t e(06: provided, t6(t t6ose .(rnerin. 3ore t6(n t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e votes s6(22 9e entit2ed to (ddition(2 se(ts in proportion to t6eir tot(2 nu39er o1 votes: provided, 1in(22/, t6(t e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition s6(22 9e entit2ed to not 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 se(ts. F$EREAS, 1or t6e ,88* E2e0tions, 9(sed on t6e (9ove proJe0ted tot(2 o1 p(rt/-2ist votes, t6e presu3ptive t<o per0ent 4,M5 t6res6o2d 0(n 9e pe..ed (t t#&$$ #3 '&$' t#i&t4 (o3& t#o3s" ' (o3& #3 '&$' si5t46t2o (88=,=92) votesI F$EREAS, t6e Supre3e !ourt, in Citi"en#s $attle %&ainst Corruption 'C($%C) versus CO !L!C, reiter(ted its ru2in. in Veterans Federation Party versus CO !L!C (doptin. ( 1or3u2( 1or t6e (ddition(2 se(ts o1 e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition re0evin. 3ore t6(n t6e reEuired t<o per0ent 4,M5 votes, st(tin. t6(t t6e s(3e s6(22 9e deter3ined on2/ (1ter (22 p(rt/-2ist 9(22ots 6(ve 9een 0o3p2ete2/ 0(nv(ssedI F$EREAS, t6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions t6(t 6(ve t6us 1(r .(rnered (t 2e(st t#&$$ #3 '&$' t#i&t4 (o3& t#o3s" ' (o3& #3 '&$' si5t46t2o (88=,=92) votes (re (s 1o22o<s: RAN> ) , 7 : > ? * L + )8 )) BU$AY BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A EA!$ER AHBAYAN A#AGA' BU I# !OOP-NA !O BA AS PARTY;ORGANI+ATION; COALITION VOTES RECEIVED ),)?7,,)L +*,,*78 *?8,,?8 ?)8,:>) >7L,+*) :*?,87? :*8,L*, :,7,8*? :8>,8>, 7+8,8,+ 7L?,7?)

), )7 ):

ANAH PAFIS AR! ABONO

7*?,87? 77L,)+: 77*,8:?

F$EREAS, ex0ept 1or B(.on. A2/(ns(n. (.(p(.t(.u/od n. Ad6iA(in. S(39(/(n(n 4BA AS5, (.(inst <6i06 (n *R+!N, P!,(,(ON FOR C%NC!LL%,(ON-R! OV%L OF R!+(.,R%,(ON %N/ /(.0*%L(F(C%,(ON OF P%R,1-L(., NO (N!! '2ith Prayer for the (ssuance of Restrainin& Order) 6(s 9een 1i2ed 9e1ore t6e !o33ission, do0Aeted (s SP! No. 8*-,>8, (22 t6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions in02uded in t6e (1ore3entioned 2ist (re t6ere1ore entit2ed to (t 2e(st one se(t under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 o1 represent(tion in t6e 3e(nti3e. NOF, $ERE@ORE, 9/ virtue o1 t6e po<ers vested in it 9/ t6e !onstitution, t6e O3ni9us E2e0tion !ode, Exe0utive Order No. )::, Repu92i0 A0t Nos. ??:?, *)??, *+:), (nd ot6er e2e0tion 2(<s, t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions, sittin. en banc (s t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers, 6ere9/ RESO#%ES to PAR IA##Y PRO!#AIM, su9Je0t to 0ert(in 0onditions set 1ort6 9e2o<, t6e 1o22o<in. p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions p(rti0ip(tin. under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3: ) , 7 : > ? * L + Bu6(/ $(/((n Yu3(9on. B(/(n Mun( !iti=ens B(tt2e A.(inst !orruption G(9rie2( Fo3en;s P(rt/ Asso0i(tion o1 P6i2ippine E2e0tri0 !ooper(tives Advo0(0/ 1or e(06er E3po<er3ent 6rou.6 A0tion, !ooper(tion (nd $(r3on/ o<(rds Edu0(tion(2 Re1or3s, In0. AA9(/(nG !iti=en;s A0tion P(rt/ A2(.(d #u=on @(r3ers P(rt/ BU$AY BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A EA!$ER AHBAYAN A#AGA' BU I# !OOP-NA !!O ANAHPAFIS AR! ABONO

)8 !ooper(tive-N(t0o Net<orA P(rt/ )) An(A P(<is ), A22i(n0e o1 Rur(2 !on0erns )7 A9ono

6is is <it6out preJudi0e to t6e pro02(3(tion o1 ot6er p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2itions <6i06 3(/ 2(ter on 9e est(92is6ed to 6(ve o9t(ined (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 (0tu(2 votes 0(st under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3. 6e tot(2 nu39er o1 se(ts o1 e(06 <innin. p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition s6(22 9e deter3ined pursu(nt to Veterans Federation Party versus CO !L!C 1or3u2( upon 0o3p2etion o1 t6e 0(nv(ss o1 t6e p(rt/-2ist resu2ts. 6e pro02(3(tion o1 B(.on. A2/(ns(n. (.(p(.t(.u/od n. Ad6iA(in. S(39(/(n(n 4BA AS5 is 6ere9/ de1erred unti2 1in(2 reso2ution o1 SP! No. 8*-,>8, in order not to render t6e pro0eedin.s t6erein 3oot (nd (0(de3i0. @in(22/, (22 pro02(3(tion o1 t6e no3inees o1 0on0erned p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions <it6 pendin. disputes s6(22 2iAe<ise 9e 6e2d in (9e/(n0e unti2 1in(2 reso2ution o1 t6eir respe0tive 0(ses. #et t6e !2erA o1 t6e !o33ission i3p2e3ent t6is Reso2ution, 1urnis6in. ( 0op/ t6ereo1 to t6e Spe(Aer o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives o1 t6e P6i2ippines. SO OR'ERE'. 4E3p6(sis in t6e ori.in(25 Pursu(nt to NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8, t6e !OME#E!, (0tin. (s NB!, pro3u2.(ted NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-*,, <6i06 de02(red t6e (ddition(2 se(ts (22o0(ted to t6e (ppropri(te p(rties. Fe Euote 1ro3 t6e !OME#E!;s interpret(tion o1 t6e Veterans 1or3u2( (s 1ound in NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-*,: F$EREAS, on &u2/ +, ,88*, t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions sittin. en banc (s t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers pro02(i3ed t6irteen 4)75 Eu(2i1ied p(rties, or.(ni=(tionCsD (nd 0o(2itions 9(sed on t6e presu3ptive t<o per0ent 4,M5 t6res6o2d o1 77:,:?, votes 1ro3 t6e proJe0ted 3(xi3u3 tot(2 nu39er o1 p(rt/-2ist votes o1 )?,*,7,),), (nd <ere t6us .iven one 4)5 .u(r(nteed p(rt/-2ist se(t e(06I

F$EREAS, per Report o1 t6e (9u2(tion Group (nd Supervisor/ !o33ittee o1 t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers, t6e proJe0ted 3(xi3u3 tot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes, (s o1 &u2/ )), ,88*, 9(sed on t6e votes (0tu(22/ 0(nv(ssed, votes 0(nv(ssed 9ut not in02uded in Report No. ,+, votes re0eived 9ut un0(nv(ssed, (nd 3(xi3u3 votes expe0ted 1or P(nt(r, #(n(o de2 Norte, is )?,,?),7?+I (nd t6(t t6e proJe0ted 3(xi3u3 tot(2 votes 1or t6e t6irteen 4)75 Eu(2i1ied p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itionCsD (re (s 1o22o<s: P"&t46List ) , 7 : > ? * L + )8 )) ), )7 BU$AY BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A EA!$ER AHBAYAN A#AGA' BU I# !OOP-NA !O ANAHPAFIS AR! P&o:$0t$' tot"% 31?$& o( )ot$s ),)*L,*:* +**,:*? *>>,+?: ?,),*)L ?,,,:L+ :+,,7?+ :?,,?*: :,7,)+8 :8+,,+L :),,+,8 7*8,)?> 7*>,L:?

ABONO 7:8,)>) F$EREAS, 9(sed on t6e (9ove Report, $uhay 3ayaan 1umabon& 4Bu6(/5 o9t(ined t6e 6i.6est nu39er o1 votes (3on. t6e t6irteen 4)75 Eu(2i1ied p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions, 3(Ain. it t6e B1irst p(rt/N in (00ord(n0e <it6 Veterans Federation Party versus CO !L!C , reiter(ted in Citi"en#s $attle %&ainst Corruption 'C($%C) versus CO !L!CI F$EREAS, Eu(2i1ied p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions p(rti0ip(tin. under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 o1 represent(tion t6(t 6(ve o9t(ined one .u(r(nteed 4)5 se(t 3(/ 9e entit2ed to (n (ddition(2 se(t or se(ts 9(sed on t6e 1or3u2( pres0ri9ed 9/ t6e Supre3e !ourt in VeteransI F$EREAS, in deter3inin. t6e (ddition(2 se(ts 1or t6e B1irst p(rt/N, t6e 0orre0t 1or3u2( (s expressed in Veterans, is: Nu39er o1 votes o1 1irst p(rt/ --------------------O ot(2 votes 1or p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 Proportion o1 votes o1 1irst p(rt/ re2(tive to tot(2 votes 1or p(rt/-2ist s/ste3

<6erein t6e proportion o1 votes re0eived 9/ t6e 1irst p(rt/ 4<it6out roundin. o115 s6(22 entit2e it to (ddition(2 se(ts: P&o@o&tio o( )ot$s &$0$i)$' ?4 t#$ (i&st @"&t4 EEu(2 to or (t 2e(st ?M EEu(2 to or .re(ter t6(n :M 9ut 2ess t6(n ?M #ess t6(n :M A''itio "% s$"ts <o 4,5 (ddition(2 se(ts One 4)5 (ddition(2 se(t No (ddition(2 se(t

F$EREAS, (pp2/in. t6e (9ove 1or3u2(, Bu6(/ o9t(ined t6e 1o22o<in. per0ent(.e: ),)*L,*:* - - - - - - - - O 8.8*,:L or *.,M )?,,?),7?+ <6i06 entit2es it to t<o 4,5 (ddition(2 se(ts. F$EREAS, in deter3inin. t6e (ddition(2 se(ts 1or t6e ot6er Eu(2i1ied p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions, t6e 0orre0t 1or3u2( (s expressed in Veterans (nd reiter(ted in C($%C is, (s 1o22o<s: No. o1 votes o1 0on0erned p(rt/ ------------------x No. o1 votes o1 No. o1 (ddition(2 se(ts (22o0(ted to 1irst p(rt/

Addition(2 se(ts 1or ( 0on0erned p(rt/

1irst p(rt/ F$EREAS, (pp2/in. t6e (9ove 1or3u2(, t6e resu2ts (re (s 1o22o<s: P"&t4 List BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A EA!$ER AHBAYAN A#AGA' BU I# !OOP-NA !O ANAHPAFIS AR! ABONO P$&0$ t"!$ ).?> ).,L ).8> ).8> 8.L7 8.*L 8.*) 8.?+ 8.?+ 8.?, 8.?7 8.>* A''itio "% S$"t ) ) ) ) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

NOF $ERE@ORE, 9/ virtue o1 t6e po<ers vested in it 9/ t6e !onstitution, O3ni9us E2e0tion !ode, Exe0utive Order No. )::, Repu92i0 A0t Nos. ??:?, *)??, *+:) (nd ot6er e2e0tions 2(<s, t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions en banc sittin. (s t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers, 6ere9/ RESO#%E', (s it 6ere9/ RESO#%ES, to pro02(i3 t6e 1o22o<in. p(rties, or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions (s entit2ed to (ddition(2 se(ts, to <it: P"&t4 List BU$AY BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A''itio "% S$"ts , ) ) ) )

6is is <it6out preJudi0e to t6e pro02(3(tion o1 ot6er p(rties, or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions <6i06 3(/ 2(ter on 9e est(92is6ed to 6(ve o9t(ined (t 2e(st t<o per 0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 to entit2e t6e3 to one 4)5 .u(r(nteed se(t, or to t6e (ppropri(te per0ent(.e o1 votes to entit2e t6e3 to one 4)5 (ddition(2 se(t. @in(22/, (22 pro02(3(tion o1 t6e no3inees o1 0on0erned p(rties, or.(ni=(tions (nd 0o(2itions <it6 pendin. disputes s6(22 2iAe<ise 9e 6e2d in (9e/(n0e unti2 1in(2 reso2ution o1 t6eir respe0tive 0(ses. #et t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers Se0ret(ri(t i3p2e3ent t6is Reso2ution, 1urnis6in. ( 0op/ 6ereo1 to t6e Spe(Aer o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives o1 t6e P6i2ippines. SO OR'ERE'. A0tin. on BANA ;s petition, t6e NB! pro3u2.(ted NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-LL on 7 Au.ust ,88*, <6i06 re(ds (s 1o22o<s: 6is pert(ins to t6e Petition to Pro02(i3 t6e @u22 Nu39er o1 P(rt/-#ist Represent(tives Provided 9/ t6e !onstitution 1i2ed 9/ t6e B(r(n.(/ Asso0i(tion 1or N(tion(2 Adv(n0e3ent (nd r(nsp(ren0/ 4BANA 5. A0tin. on t6e 1ore.oin. Petition o1 t6e B(r(n.(/ Asso0i(tion 1or N(tion(2 Adv(n0e3ent (nd r(nsp(ren0/ 4BANA 5 p(rt/-2ist, Att/. A2ioden '. '(2(i., $e(d, N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers #e.(2 Group su93itted 6is 0o33entsKo9serv(tions (nd re0o33end(tion t6ereon CNB! 8*-8:) 4P#5D, <6i06 re(ds: COMMENTS ; OBSERVATIONS/ Petitioner B(r(n.(/ Asso0i(tion 1or N(tion(2 Adv(n0e3ent (nd r(nsp(ren0/ 4BANA 5, in its Petition to Pro02(i3 t6e @u22 Nu39er o1 P(rt/-#ist Represent(tives Provided 9/ t6e !onstitution pr(/ed 1or t6e 1o22o<in. re2ie1s, to <it: ). 6(t t6e 1u22 nu39er -- t<ent/ per0ent 4,8M5 -- o1 P(rt/-#ist represent(tives (s 3(nd(ted

9/ Se0tion >, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution s6(22 9e pro02(i3ed. ,. P(r(.r(p6 495, Se0tion )) o1 RA *+:) <6i06 pres0ri9es t6e ,M t6res6o2d votes, s6ou2d 9e 6(r3oni=ed <it6 Se0tion >, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution (nd <it6 Se0tion ), o1 t6e s(3e RA *+:) in t6(t it s6ou2d 9e (pp2i0(92e on2/ to t6e 1irst p(rt/-2ist represent(tive se(ts to 9e (22otted on t6e 9(sis o1 t6eir initi(2K1irst r(nAin.. 7. 6e 7-se(t 2i3it pres0ri9ed 9/ RA *+:) s6(22 9e (pp2iedI (nd

:. Initi(22/, (22 p(rt/-2ist .roups s6(22 9e .iven t6e nu39er o1 se(ts 0orrespondin. to ever/ ,M o1 t6e votes t6e/ re0eived (nd t6e (ddition(2 se(ts s6(22 9e (22o0(ted in (00ord(n0e <it6 Se0tion ), o1 RA *+:), t6(t is, in proportion to t6e per0ent(.e o1 votes o9t(ined 9/ e(06 p(rt/-2ist .roup in re2(tion to t6e tot(2 n(tion<ide votes 0(st in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tion, (1ter dedu0tin. t6e 0orrespondin. votes o1 t6ose <6i06 <ere (22otted se(ts under t6e ,M t6res6o2d ru2e. In 1ine, t6e 1or3u2(Kpro0edure pres0ri9ed in t6e BA##O!A ION O@ PAR Y-#IS SEA S, ANNEP BAN o1 !OME#E! RESO#U ION ,L:* d(ted ,> &une )++?, s6(22 9e used 1or Ct6eD purpose o1 deter3inin. 6o< 3(n/ se(ts s6(22 9e pro02(i3ed, <6i06 p(rt/-2ist .roups (re entit2ed to represent(tive se(ts (nd 6o< 3(n/ o1 t6eir no3inees s6(22 se(t Csi0D. >. In t6e (2tern(tive, to de02(re (s un0onstitution(2 Se0tion )) o1 Repu92i0 A0t No. *+:) (nd t6(t t6e pro0edure in (22o0(tin. se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tive pres0ri9ed 9/ Se0tion ), o1 RA *+:) s6(22 9e 1o22o<ed. RECOMMENDATION: ,he petition of $%N%, is no4 moot and academic. ,he Commission !n $anc in N$C Resolution No. 56-75 promul&ated July 89 :556 re BIn t6e M(tter o1 t6e !(nv(ss o1 %otes (nd P(rti(2 Pro02(3(tion o1 t6e P(rties, Or.(ni=(tions (nd !o(2itions P(rti0ip(tin. Under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3 'urin. t6e M(/ ):, ,88* N(tion(2 (nd #o0(2 E2e0tionsN resolved amon& others that the total number of seats of each 4innin& party9 or&ani"ation or coalition shall be determined pursuant to the %eter(ns @eder(tion P(rt/ versus !OME#E! formula upon completion of the canvass of the party-list results.; F$ERE@ORE, pre3ises 0onsidered, t6e N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers RESO#%E', (s it 6ere9/ RESO#%ES, to (pprove (nd (dopt t6e re0o33end(tion o1 Att/. A2ioden '. '(2(i., $e(d, NB! #e.(2 Group, to 'ENY t6e 6erein petition o1 BANA 1or 9ein. 3oot (nd (0(de3i0. #et t6e Supervisor/ !o33ittee i3p2e3ent t6is reso2ution. SO OR'ERE'. BANA 1i2ed ( petition 1or 0ertior(ri (nd 3(nd(3us (ss(i2in. t6e ru2in. in NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-LL. BANA did not 1i2e ( 3otion 1or re0onsider(tion o1 NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-LL. On + &u2/ ,88*, B(/(n Mun(, A9ono, (nd A e(06er (sAed t6e !OME#E!, (0tin. (s NB!, to re0onsider its de0ision to use t6e Veterans 1or3u2( (s st(ted in its NB! Reso2ution No. 8*-?8 9e0(use t6e Veterans 1or3u2( is vio2(tive o1 t6e !onstitution (nd o1 Repu92i0 A0t No. *+:) 4R.A. No. *+:)5. On t6e s(3e d(/, t6e !OME#E! denied re0onsider(tion durin. t6e pro0eedin.s o1 t6e NB!. Aside 1ro3 t6e t6irteen p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions pro02(i3ed on + &u2/ ,88*, t6e !OME#E! pro02(i3ed t6ree ot6er p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions (s Eu(2i1ied p(rties entit2ed to one .u(r(nteed se(t under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3: A.ri0u2tur(2 Se0tor A22i(n0e o1 t6e P6i2ippines, In0. 4AGAP5, An(A Mind(n(o 4AMIN5, (nd An F(r(/. Per t6e 0erti1i0(tion 9/ !OME#E!, t6e 1o22o<in. p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions 6(ve 9een pro02(i3ed (s o1 )+ M(/ ,88L: P"&t46List ).) )., ).7 ).: ).> ).? ).* ).L Bu6(/ B(/(n Mun( !IBA! G(9rie2( APE! A e(06er AA9(/(n A2(.(d No. o( S$"t(s) 7 , , , , ) ) )

).+ ).)8 ).)) ).), ).)7 ).): ).)>

Buti2 !oop-N(t0o Csi0D An(A P(<is AR! A9ono AGAP AMIN

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6e pro02(3(tion o1 B(.on. A2/(ns(n. (.(p(.t(.u/od n. Ad6iA(in. S(39(/(n(n 4BA AS5, (.(inst <6i06 (n Ur.ent Petition 1or !(n0e22(tionKRe3ov(2 o1 Re.istr(tion (nd 'isEu(2i1i0(tion o1 P(rt/-2ist No3inee 4<it6 Pr(/er 1or t6e Issu(n0e o1 Restr(inin. Order5 6(s 9een 1i2ed 9e1ore t6e !OME#E!, <(s de1erred pendin. 1in(2 reso2ution o1 SP! No. 8*-,>8. Iss3$s BANA 9rou.6t t6e 1o22o<in. issues 9e1ore t6is !ourt: ). ,. 7. :. Is t6e t<ent/ per0ent (22o0(tion 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives provided in Se0tion >4,5, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution 3(nd(tor/ or is it 3ere2/ ( 0ei2in.Q Is t6e t6ree-se(t 2i3it provided in Se0tion ))495 o1 RA *+:) 0onstitution(2Q Se0tion ))495 o1 RA *+:)

Is t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d (nd BEu(2i1ierN votes pres0ri9ed 9/ t6e s(3e 0onstitution(2Q $o< s6(22 t6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 9e (22o0(tedQ

B(/(n Mun(, A e(06er, (nd A9ono, on t6e ot6er 6(nd, r(ised t6e 1o22o<in. issues in t6eir petition: I. Respondent !o33ission on E2e0tions, (0tin. (s N(tion(2 Bo(rd o1 !(nv(ssers, 0o33itted .r(ve (9use o1 dis0retion (3ountin. to 2(0A or ex0ess o1 Jurisdi0tion <6en it pro3u2.(ted NB! Reso2ution No. 8*?8 to i3p2e3ent t6e @irst-P(rt/ Ru2e in t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts to Eu(2i1ied p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions (s s(id ru2e: A. B. ). ,. 7. %io2(tes t6e 0onstitution(2 prin0ip2e o1 proportion(2 %io2(tes t6e provisions o1 RA *+:) p(rti0u2(r2/: 6e ,-:-? @or3u2( used 9/ t6e @irst P(rt/ Ru2e in (22o0(tin. (ddition(2 se(ts 1or t6e B@irst P(rt/N vio2(tes t6e prin0ip2e o1 proportion(2 represent(tion under RA *+:). 6e use o1 t<o 1or3u2(s in t6e (22o0(tion o1 (ddition(2 se(ts, one 1or t6e B@irst P(rt/N (nd (not6er 1or t6e Eu(2i1/in. p(rties, vio2(tes Se0tion ))495 o1 RA *+:). 6e proportion(2 re2(tions6ips under t6e @irst P(rt/ Ru2e (re di11erent 1ro3 t6ose reEuired under RA *+:)I p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 (s provided 1or represent(tion.

!. %io2(tes t6e B@our Invio2(92e P(r(3etersN o1 t6e P6i2ippine under t6e s(3e 0(se o1 Veterans Federation Party9 et al. v. CO !L!C.

II. Presu3in. t6(t t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions did not 0o33it .r(ve (9use o1 dis0retion (3ountin. to 2(0A or ex0ess o1 Jurisdi0tion <6en it i3p2e3ented t6e @irst-P(rt/ Ru2e in t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts to Eu(2i1ied p(rt/2ist or.(ni=(tions, t6e s(3e 9ein. 3ere2/ in 0onson(n0e <it6 t6e ru2in. in Veterans Federations Party9 et al. v. CO !L!C9 t6e inst(nt Petition is ( Justi0i(92e 0(se (s t6e issues invo2ved 6erein (re 0onstitution(2 in n(ture, invo2vin. t6e 0orre0t interpret(tion (nd i3p2e3ent(tion o1 RA *+:), (nd (re o1 tr(ns0endent(2 i3port(n0e to our n(tion. !onsiderin. t6e (22e.(tions in t6e petitions (nd t6e 0o33ents o1 t6e p(rties in t6ese 0(ses, <e de1ined t6e 1o22o<in. issues in our (dvisor/ 1or t6e or(2 (r.u3ents set on ,, Apri2 ,88L: ). Is t6e t<ent/ per0ent (22o0(tion 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives in Se0tion >4,5, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution 3(nd(tor/ or 3ere2/ ( 0ei2in.Q ,. 7. Is t6e t6ree-se(t 2i3it in Se0tion ))495 o1 RA *+:) 0onstitution(2Q Is t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d pres0ri9ed in Se0tion ))495 o1 RA *+:) to Eu(2i1/ 1or one se(t 0onstitution(2Q

:.

$o< s6(22 t6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tive se(ts 9e (22o0(tedQ I1

>. 'oes t6e !onstitution pro6i9it t6e 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 1ro3 p(rti0ip(tin. in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tionsQ not, 0(n t6e 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 9e 9(rred 1ro3 p(rti0ip(tin. in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tionsQ T#$ R3%i ! o( t#$ Co3&t

6e petitions 6(ve p(rti(2 3erit. Fe 3(int(in t6(t ( P6i2ippine-st/2e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tion 6(s (t 2e(st 1our invio2(92e p(r(3eters (s 02e(r2/ st(ted in Veterans. @or e(s/ re1eren0e, t6ese (re: First, t6e t<ent/ per0ent (22o0(tion - t6e 0o39ined nu39er o1 all p(rt/-2ist 0on.ress3en s6(22 not ex0eed t<ent/ per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 3e39ers6ip o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives, in02udin. t6ose e2e0ted under t6e p(rt/ 2istI .econd9 t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d - on2/ t6ose p(rties .(rnerin. ( 3ini3u3 o1 t<o per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 v(2id votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 (re BEu(2i1iedN to 6(ve ( se(t in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tivesI ,hird9 t6e t6ree-se(t 2i3it - e(06 Eu(2i1ied p(rt/, re.(rd2ess o1 t6e nu39er o1 votes it (0tu(22/ o9t(ined, is entit2ed to ( 3(xi3u3 o1 t6ree se(tsI t6(t is, one BEu(2i1/in.N (nd t<o (ddition(2 se(tsI Fourth, proportion(2 represent(tion- t6e (ddition(2 se(ts <6i06 ( Eu(2i1ied p(rt/ is entit2ed to s6(22 9e 0o3puted Bin proportion to t6eir tot(2 nu39er o1 votes.N $o<ever, 9e0(use t6e 1or3u2( in Veterans 6(s 12(<s in its 3(t6e3(ti0(2 interpret(tion o1 t6e ter3 Bproportion(2 represent(tion,N t6is !ourt is 0o3pe22ed to revisit t6e 1or3u2( 1or t6e (22o0(tion o1 (ddition(2 se(ts to p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions. Number of Party-List Representatives: The Formula Mandated by the Constitution Se0tion >, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution provides: Se0tion >. 4)5 6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives s6(22 9e 0o3posed o1 not 3ore t6(n t<o 6undred (nd 1i1t/ 3e39ers, un2ess ot6er<ise 1ixed 9/ 2(<, <6o s6(22 9e e2e0ted 1ro3 2e.is2(tive distri0ts (pportioned (3on. t6e provin0es, 0ities, (nd t6e Metropo2it(n M(ni2( (re( in (00ord(n0e <it6 t6e nu39er o1 t6eir respe0tive in6(9it(nts, (nd on t6e 9(sis o1 ( uni1or3 (nd pro.ressive r(tio, (nd t6ose <6o, (s provided 9/ 2(<, s6(22 9e e2e0ted t6rou.6 ( p(rt/2ist s/ste3 o1 re.istered n(tion(2, re.ion(2, (nd se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions. 4,5 6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 0onstitute t<ent/ per 0entu3 o1 t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 represent(tives in02udin. t6ose under t6e p(rt/-2ist. @or t6ree 0onse0utive ter3s (1ter t6e r(ti1i0(tion o1 t6is !onstitution, one-6(21 o1 t6e se(ts (22o0(ted to p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 9e 1i22ed, (s provided 9/ 2(<, 9/ se2e0tion or e2e0tion 1ro3 t6e 2(9or, pe(s(nt, ur9(n poor, indi.enous 0u2tur(2 0o33unities, <o3en, /out6, (nd su06 ot6er se0tors (s 3(/ 9e provided 9/ 2(<, ex0ept t6e re2i.ious se0tor. 6e 1irst p(r(.r(p6 o1 Se0tion )) o1 R.A. No. *+:) re(ds: Se0tion )). Number of Party-List Representatives. - 6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 0onstitute t<ent/ per 0entu3 4,8M5 o1 t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives in02udin. t6ose under t6e p(rt/-2ist. Se0tion >4)5, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution st(tes t6(t t6e B$ouse o1 Represent(tives s6(22 9e 0o3posed o1 not 3ore t6(n t<o 6undred (nd 1i1t/ 3e39ers, un2ess ot6er<ise 1ixed 9/ 2(<.N 6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives s6(22 9e 0o3posed o1 distri0t represent(tives (nd p(rt/-2ist represent(tives. 6e !onstitution (22o<s t6e 2e.is2(ture to 3odi1/ t6e nu39er o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. Se0tion >4,5, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution, on t6e ot6er 6(nd, st(tes t6e r(tio o1 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives to t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 represent(tives. Fe 0o3pute t6e nu39er o1 se(ts (v(i2(92e to p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 1ro3 t6e nu39er o1 2e.is2(tive distri0ts. On t6is point, <e do not devi(te 1ro3 t6e 1irst 1or3u2( in Veterans, t6us: Nu39er o1 se(ts (v(i2(92e to 2e.is2(tive distri0ts .L8 Nu39er o1 se(ts (v(i2(92e to p(rt/-2ist represent(tives

x .,8 O

6is 1or3u2( (22o<s 1or t6e 0orrespondin. in0re(se in t6e nu39er o1 se(ts (v(i2(92e 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives <6enever ( 2e.is2(tive distri0t is 0re(ted 9/ 2(<. Sin0e t6e ):t6 !on.ress o1 t6e P6i2ippines 6(s ,,8 distri0t represent(tives, t6ere (re >> se(ts (v(i2(92e to p(rt/-2ist represent(tives.

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x .,8 O

>>

A1ter pres0ri9in. t6e r(tio o1 t6e nu39er o1 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives to t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 represent(tives, t#$ Co stit3tio %$(t t#$ 1" $& o( "%%o0"ti ! t#$ s$"ts ")"i%"?%$ to @"&t46%ist &$@&$s$ t"ti)$s to t#$ 2is'o1 o( t#$ %$!is%"t3&$. Allo ation of !eats for Party-List Representatives: The !tatutory Limits Presented by the T"o Per ent Threshold and the Three-!eat Cap A22 p(rties (.ree on t6e 1or3u2( to deter3ine t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 se(ts reserved under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3, (s <e22 (s on t6e 1or3u2( to deter3ine t6e .u(r(nteed se(ts to p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes .(rnerin. (t 2e(st t<o-per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes. $o<ever, t6ere (re nu3erous interpret(tions o1 t6e provisions o1 R.A. No. *+:) on t6e (22o0(tion o1 A"''itio "% s$"tsB under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3. Veterans produ0ed t6e @irst P(rt/ Ru2e, (nd &usti0e %i0ente %. Mendo=(;s dissent in Veterans presented Ger3(n/;s Nie3e/er 1or3u2( (s (n (2tern(tive. 6e !onstitution 2e1t to !on.ress t6e deter3in(tion o1 t6e 3(nner o1 (22o0(tin. t6e se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives. !on.ress en(0ted R.A. No. *+:), p(r(.r(p6s 4(5 (nd 495 o1 Se0tion )) (nd Se0tion ), o1 <6i06 provide: Se0tion )). Number of Party-List Representatives. - x x x In deter3inin. t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts 1or t6e se0ond vote, t6e 1o22o<in. pro0edure s6(22 9e o9served: 4(5 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions s6(22 9e r(nAed 1ro3 t6e 6i.6est to t6e 2o<est 9(sed on t6e nu39er o1 votes t6e/ .(rnered durin. t6e e2e0tions. 495 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e entit2ed to one se(t e(06: P&o)i'$', T#"t t#os$ !"& $&i ! 1o&$ t#" t2o @$&0$ t (2C) o( t#$ )ot$s s#"%% ?$ $ tit%$' to "''itio "% s$"ts i @&o@o&tio to t#$i& tot"% 31?$& o( )ot$s/ Provided, 1in(22/, 6(t e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition s6(22 9e entit2ed to not 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 se(ts. Se0tion ),. Procedure in %llocatin& .eats for Party-List Representatives. - 6e !OME#E! s6(22 t(22/ (22 t6e votes 1or t6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2itions on ( n(tion<ide 9(sis, r(nA t6e3 (00ordin. to t6e nu39er o1 votes re0eived (nd (22o0(te p(rt/-2ist represent(tives proportion(te2/ (00ordin. to t6e per0ent(.e o1 votes o9t(ined 9/ e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition (s (.(inst t6e tot(2 n(tion<ide votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. 4E3p6(sis supp2ied5 In G.R. No. )*+,*), BANA presents t<o interpret(tions t6rou.6 t6ree 1or3u2(s to (22o0(te p(rt/-2ist represent(tive se(ts. 6e 1irst interpret(tion (22e.ed2/ 6(r3oni=es t6e provisions o1 Se0tion ))495 on t6e ,M reEuire3ent <it6 Se0tion ), o1 R.A. No. *+:). BANA des0ri9ed t6is pro0edure (s 1o22o<s: 4(5 6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 0onstitute t<ent/ per0ent 4,8M5 o1 t6e tot(2 Me39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives in02udin. t6ose 1ro3 t6e p(rt/-2ist .roups (s pres0ri9ed 9/ Se0tion >, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution, Se0tion )) 4)st p(r.5 o1 RA *+:) (nd !o3e2e0 Reso2ution No. ,L:* d(ted ,> &une )++?. Sin0e t6ere (re ,,8 'istri0t Represent(tives in t6e ): !on.ress, t6ere s6(22 9e >> P(rt/-#ist Represent(tives. A22 se(ts s6(22 6(ve to 9e pro02(i3ed. 495 A22 p(rt/-2ist .roups s6(22 initi(22/ 9e (22otted one 4)5 se(t 1or ever/ t<o per 0entu3 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 p(rt/-2ist votes t6e/ o9t(inedI provided, t6(t no p(rt/-2ist .roups s6(22 6(ve 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 se(ts 4Se0tion )), RA *+:)5. 405 6e re3(inin. se(ts s6(22, (1ter dedu0tin. t6e se(ts o9t(ined 9/ t6e p(rt/-2ist .roups under t6e i33edi(te2/ pre0edin. p(r(.r(p6 (nd (1ter dedu0tin. 1ro3 t6eir tot(2 t6e votes 0orrespondin. to t6ose se(ts, t6e re3(inin. se(ts s6(22 9e (22otted proportion(te2/ to (22 t6e p(rt/-2ist .roups <6i06 6(ve not se0ured t6e 3(xi3u3 t6ree 475 se(ts under t6e ,M t6res6o2d ru2e, in (00ord(n0e <it6 Se0tion ), o1 RA *+:). @ort/-1our 4::5 p(rt/-2ist se(ts <i22 9e (<(rded under BANA ;s 1irst interpret(tion. 6e se0ond interpret(tion presented 9/ BANA (ssu3es t6(t t6e ,M vote reEuire3ent is de02(red un0onstitution(2, (nd (pportions t6e se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 9/ 1o22o<in. Se0tion ), o1 R.A. No. *+:). BANA st(tes t6(t t6e !OME#E!: 4(5 s6(22 t(22/ (22 t6e votes 1or t6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2itions on ( n(tion<ide 9(sisI 495 r(nA t6e3 (00ordin. to t6e nu39er o1 votes re0eivedI (nd, 405 (22o0(te p(rt/-2ist represent(tives proportion(te2/ (00ordin. to t6e per0ent(.e o1 votes o9t(ined 9/ e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition (s (.(inst t6e tot(2 n(tion<ide votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. BANA used t<o 1or3u2(s to o9t(in t6e s(3e resu2ts: one is 9(sed on t6e proportion(2 per0ent(.e o1 t6e votes re0eived 9/ e(06 p(rt/ (s (.(inst t6e tot(2 n(tion<ide p(rt/-2ist votes, (nd t6e ot6er is B9/ 3(Ain. t6e votes o1 ( p(rt/-2ist <it6 ( 3edi(n per0ent(.e o1 votes (s t6e divisor in 0o3putin. t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts.N 6irt/-1our 47:5 p(rt/-2ist se(ts <i22 9e (<(rded under BANA ;s se0ond interpret(tion.

In G.R. No. )*+,+>, B(/(n Mun(, A9ono, (nd A e(06er 0riti0i=e 9ot6 t6e !OME#E!;s ori.in(2 ,-:-? 1or3u2( (nd t6e Veterans 1or3u2( 1or s/ste3(ti0(22/ preventin. (22 t6e p(rt/-2ist se(ts 1ro3 9ein. 1i22ed up. 6e/ 02(i3 t6(t 9ot6 1or3u2(s do not 1(0tor in t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 se(ts (22oted 1or t6e entire P(rt/-#ist S/ste3. B(/(n Mun(, A9ono, (nd A e(06er reJe0t t6e t6ree-se(t 0(p, 9ut (00ept t6e ,M t6res6o2d. A1ter deter3inin. t6e Eu(2i1ied p(rties, ( se0ond per0ent(.e is .ener(ted 9/ dividin. t6e votes o1 ( Eu(2i1ied p(rt/ 9/ t6e tot(2 votes o1 (22 Eu(2i1ied p(rties on2/. 6e nu39er o1 se(ts (22o0(ted to ( Eu(2i1ied p(rt/ is 0o3puted 9/ 3u2tip2/in. t6e tot(2 p(rt/-2ist se(ts (v(i2(92e <it6 t6e se0ond per0ent(.e. 6ere <i22 9e ( 1irst round o1 se(t (22o0(tion, 2i3ited to usin. t6e <6o2e inte.ers (s t6e eEuiv(2ent o1 t6e nu39er o1 se(ts (22o0(ted to t6e 0on0erned p(rt/-2ist. A1ter (22 t6e Eu(2i1ied p(rties (re .iven t6eir se(ts, ( se0ond round o1 se(t (22o0(tion is 0ondu0ted. 6e 1r(0tions, or re3(inders, 1ro3 t6e <6o2e inte.ers (re r(nAed 1ro3 6i.6est to 2o<est (nd t6e re3(inin. se(ts on t6e 9(sis o1 t6is r(nAin. (re (22o0(ted unti2 (22 t6e se(ts (re 1i22ed up. Fe ex(3ine <6(t R.A. No. *+:) pres0ri9es to (22o0(te se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives. Se0tion ))4(5 o1 R.A. No. *+:) pres0ri9es t6e r(nAin. o1 t6e p(rti0ip(tin. p(rties 1ro3 t6e 6i.6est to t6e 2o<est 9(sed on t6e nu39er o1 votes t6e/ .(rnered durin. t6e e2e0tions. (92e ). R(nAin. o1 t6e p(rti0ip(tin. p(rties 1ro3 t6e 6i.6est to t6e 2o<est 9(sed on t6e nu39er o1 votes .(rnered durin. t6e e2e0tions. R" D ) BU$AY , BAYAN MUNA 7 !IBA! : GABRIE#A > APE! ? A EA!$ER * AHBAYAN L A#AGA' + !OOP-NA !!O )8 BU I# )) BA AS ), AR! )7 ANAHPAFIS ): ABONO )> AMIN )? AGAP )* AN FARAY )L YA!AP )+ @P&PM ,8 UNI-MA' ,) ABS ,, HAHUSA ,7 HABA AAN ,: ABA-AHO ,> A#I@ ,? SENIOR !I I"ENS ,* A ,L %@P ,+ ANA' 78 BANA 7) ANG HASANGGA P"&t4 Vot$s G"& $&$' ),)?+,,7: +*+,87+ *>>,?L? ?,),)*) ?)+,?>* :+8,7*+ :??,)), :,7,):+ :8+,LL7 :8+,)?8 7L>,L)8 7*:,,LL 7*8,,?) 77+,++8 77L,)L> 7,L,*,: 7,),>87 7)8,LL+ 788,+,7 ,:>,7L, ,7>,8L? ,,L,+++ ,,L,?7* ,)L,L)L ,)*,L,, ,)7,8>L )+*,L*, )+?,,?? )LL,>,) )**,8,L )*8,>7) R" D :L HA#A$I :+ APOI >8 BP >) A$ONBAYAN >, BIGHIS >7 PMAP >: AHAPIN >> PBA >? GRE!ON >* B M >L A SMI#E >+ NE#@@I ?8 AHSA ?) BAGO ?, BAN'I#A ?7 A$ON ?: ASA$AN MO ?> AGBIAGG ?? SPI ?* BA$AN'I ?L A'' ?+ AMANG *8 ABAY PARAH *) BABAE HA *, SB *7 ASAP *: PEP *> ABA I#ONGGO *? %EN'ORS ** A''- RIBA# *L A#MANA P"&t4 Vot$s G"& $&$' LL,L?L *+,7L? *L,>:) *L,:,: **,7,* *>,,88 *:,?L? *),>:: ?,,,,8 ?8,++7 >L,*)* >*,L*, >*,8), >>,L:? >:,*>) >:,>,, >),*,, >8,L7* >8,:*L :?,?), :>,?,: :7,8?, :,,,L, 7?,>), 7:,L7> 7:,8+L 77,+7L 77,+87 77,?+) 7,,L+? 7,,,>>

7, BAN AY 77 ABAHA'A 7: )-U AH 7> U!P 7? !O!O@E' 7* AG$AM 7L ANAH 7+ ABANSEG PINAY :8 PM :) A%E :, SUARA :7 ASSA#AM :: 'IFA :> AN! :? SAN#AHAS :* AB!

)?+,L8) )??,*:* )?:,+L8 )?,,?:* )>>,+,8 ):?,87, ):),L)* )78,7>? ))+,8>: ))8,*?+ ))8,*7, ))8,::8 )8*,8,) ++,?7? +*,7*> +8,8>L

*+ AANGA HA PI#IPINO L8 AAPS L) $API L, AAFAS L7 SM L: AG L> AGING PINOY L? APO L* BIYAYANG BUHI' LL A S L+ UM'& +8 BUH#O' @I#IPINA +) #YPA' +, AA-HASOSYO +7 HASAPI TOTAL

,+,)78 ,?,,*) ,>,*L) ,,,+:? ,8,*:: )?,+)? )?,*,+ )?,:,) )?,,:) ):,)?) +,::> L,+)> L,:*) L,:8? ?,,,) 1-,9-<,9<<

6e 1irst 02(use o1 Se0tion ))495 o1 R.A. No. *+:) st(tes t6(t Bp(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e entit2ed to one se(t e(06.N 6is 02(use .u(r(ntees ( se(t to t6e t<o-per0enters. In (92e , 9e2o<, <e use t6e 1irst ,8 p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes 1or i22ustr(tion purposes. 6e per0ent(.e o1 votes .(rnered 9/ e(06 p(rt/ is (rrived (t 9/ dividin. t6e nu39er o1 votes .(rnered 9/ e(06 p(rt/ 9/ )>,+>8,+88, t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 votes 0(st 1or (22 p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes. (92e ,. 6e 1irst ,8 p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes (nd t6eir respe0tive per0ent(.e o1 votes .(rnered over t6e tot(2 votes 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist. R" D ) BU$AY , BAYAN MUNA 7 !IBA! : GABRIE#A > APE! ? A EA!$ER * AHBAYAN L A#AGA' + !OOP-NA !!O )8 BU I# )) BA AS ), AR! )7 ANAHPAFIS ): ABONO )> AMIN )? AGAP )* AN FARAY Tot"% )L YA!AP )+ @P&PM 7)8,LL+ 788,+,7 ).+>M ).L+M P"&t4 Vot$s G"& $&$' ),)?+,,7: +*+,87+ *>>,?L? ?,),)*) ?)+,?>* :+8,7*+ :??,)), :,7,):+ :8+,LL7 :8+,)?8 7L>,L)8 7*:,,LL 7*8,,?) 77+,++8 77L,)L> 7,L,*,: 7,),>87 Vot$s G"& $&$' o)$& Tot"% Vot$s (o& P"&t46List, i C *.77M ?.):M :.*:M 7.L+M 7.LLM 7.8*M ,.+,M ,.?>M ,.>*M ,.>*M ,.:,M ,.7>M ,.7,M ,.)7M ,.),M ,.8?M ,.8,M G3"&" t$$' S$"t ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 17 8 8

,8 UNI-MA'

,:>,7L,

).>:M

@ro3 (92e , (9ove, <e see t6(t on2/ )* p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes re0eived (t 2e(st ,M 1ro3 t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 votes 0(st 1or p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes. 6e )* Eu(2i1ied p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes, or t6e t<o-per0enters, (re t6e p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes t6(t (re Bentit2ed to one se(t e(06,N or t6e .u(r(nteed se(t. In t6is 1irst round o1 se(t (22o0(tion, <e distri9uted )* .u(r(nteed se(ts. 6e se0ond 02(use o1 Se0tion ))495 o1 R.A. No. *+:) provides t6(t Bt6ose .(rnerin. 3ore t6(n t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e votes s6(22 9e entit2ed to (ddition(2 se(ts i @&o@o&tio to t#$i& tot"% 31?$& o( )ot$s .N 6is is <6ere petitioners; (nd intervenors; pro92e3 <it6 t6e 1or3u2( in Veterans 2ies. Veterans interprets t6e 02(use Bin proportion to t6eir tot(2 nu39er o1 votesN to 9e i @&o@o&tio to t#$ )ot$s o( t#$ (i&st @"&t4. 6is interpret(tion is 0ontr(r/ to t6e express 2(n.u(.e o1 R.A. No. *+:). Fe ru2e t6(t, in 0o3putin. t6e (22o0(tion o1 "''itio "% s$"ts, t6e 0ontinued oper(tion o1 t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d 1or t6e distri9ution o1 t6e (ddition(2 se(ts (s 1ound in t6e se0ond 02(use o1 Se0tion ))495 o1 R.A. No. *+:) is 3 0o stit3tio "%. 6is !ourt 1inds t6(t t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d 3(Aes it 3(t6e3(ti0(22/ i3possi92e to (06ieve t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 (v(i2(92e p(rt/ 2ist se(ts <6en t6e nu39er o1 (v(i2(92e p(rt/ 2ist se(ts ex0eeds >8. 6e 0ontinued oper(tion o1 t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d in t6e distri9ution o1 t6e (ddition(2 se(ts 1rustr(tes t6e (tt(in3ent o1 t6e per3issive 0ei2in. t6(t ,8M o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives s6(22 0onsist o1 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives. o i22ustr(te: 6ere (re >> (v(i2(92e p(rt/-2ist se(ts. Suppose t6ere (re >8 3i22ion votes 0(st 1or t6e )88 p(rti0ip(nts in t6e p(rt/ 2ist e2e0tions. A p(rt/ t6(t 6(s t<o per0ent o1 t6e votes 0(st, or one 3i22ion votes, .ets ( .u(r(nteed se(t. #et us 1urt6er (ssu3e t6(t t6e 1irst >8 p(rties (22 .et one 3i22ion votes. On2/ >8 p(rties .et ( se(t despite t6e (v(i2(9i2it/ o1 >> se(ts. Be0(use o1 t6e oper(tion o1 t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d, t6is situ(tion <i22 repe(t itse21 even i1 <e in0re(se t6e (v(i2(92e p(rt/-2ist se(ts to ?8 se(ts (nd even i1 <e in0re(se t6e votes 0(st to )88 3i22ion. 6us, even i1 t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 p(rties .et t<o per0ent o1 t6e votes 1or ever/ p(rt/, it is (2<(/s i3possi92e 1or t6e nu39er o1 o00upied p(rt/-2ist se(ts to ex0eed >8 se(ts (s 2on. (s t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d is present. Fe t6ere1ore striAe do<n t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d on2/ in re2(tion to t6e distri9ution o1 t6e (ddition(2 se(ts (s 1ound in t6e se0ond 02(use o1 Se0tion ))495 o1 R.A. No. *+:). 6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d presents (n un<(rr(nted o9st(02e to t6e 1u22 i3p2e3ent(tion o1 Se0tion >4,5, Arti02e %I o1 t6e !onstitution (nd prevents t6e (tt(in3ent o1 Bt6e 9ro(dest possi92e represent(tion o1 p(rt/, se0tor(2 or .roup interests in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. In deter3inin. t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives under Se0tion )) o1 R.A. No. *+:), t6e 1o22o<in. pro0edure s6(22 9e o9served: ). ,. 7. :. 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions s6(22 9e r(nAed 1ro3 t6e 6i.6est to t6e 2o<est 9(sed on t6e nu39er o1 votes t6e/ .(rnered durin. t6e e2e0tions. 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e entit2ed to one .u(r(nteed se(t e(06. 6ose .(rnerin. su11i0ient nu39er o1 votes, (00ordin. to t6e r(nAin. in p(r(.r(p6 ), s6(22 9e entit2ed to (ddition(2 se(ts in proportion to t6eir tot(2 nu39er o1 votes unti2 (22 t6e (ddition(2 se(ts (re (22o0(ted. E(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition s6(22 9e entit2ed to not 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 se(ts.

In 0o3putin. t6e (ddition(2 se(ts, t6e .u(r(nteed se(ts s6(22 no 2on.er 9e in02uded 9e0(use t6e/ 6(ve (2re(d/ 9een (22o0(ted, (t one se(t e(06, to ever/ t<o-per0enter. 6us, t6e re3(inin. (v(i2(92e se(ts 1or (22o0(tion (s B(ddition(2 se(tsN (re t6e 3(xi3u3 se(ts reserved under t6e P(rt/ #ist S/ste3 2ess t6e .u(r(nteed se(ts. @r(0tion(2 se(ts (re disre.(rded in t6e (9sen0e o1 ( provision in R.A. No. *+:) (22o<in. 1or ( roundin. o11 o1 1r(0tion(2 se(ts. In de02(rin. t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d un0onstitution(2, <e do not 2i3it our (22o0(tion o1 (ddition(2 se(ts in (92e 7 9e2o< to t6e t<o-per0enters. 6e per0ent(.e o1 votes .(rnered 9/ e(06 p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(te is (rrived (t 9/ dividin. t6e nu39er o1 votes .(rnered 9/ e(06 p(rt/ 9/ )>,+>8,+88, t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 votes 0(st 1or p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(tes. 6ere (re t<o steps in t6e se0ond round o1 se(t (22o0(tion. @irst, t6e per0ent(.e is 3u2tip2ied 9/ t6e re3(inin. (v(i2(92e se(ts, 7L, <6i06 is t6e di11eren0e 9et<een t6e >> 3(xi3u3 se(ts reserved under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3 (nd t6e )* .u(r(nteed se(ts o1 t6e t<o-per0enters. 6e <6o2e inte.er o1 t6e produ0t o1 t6e per0ent(.e (nd o1 t6e re3(inin. (v(i2(92e se(ts 0orresponds to ( p(rt/;s s6(re in t6e re3(inin. (v(i2(92e se(ts. Se0ond, <e (ssi.n one p(rt/-2ist se(t to e(06 o1 t6e p(rties next in r(nA unti2 (22 (v(i2(92e se(ts (re 0o3p2ete2/ distri9uted. Fe distri9uted (22 o1 t6e re3(inin. 7L se(ts in t6e se0ond round o1 se(t (22o0(tion. @in(22/, <e (pp2/ t6e t6ree-se(t 0(p to deter3ine t6e nu39er o1 se(ts e(06 Eu(2i1ied p(rt/-2ist 0(ndid(te is entit2ed. 6us: (92e 7. 'istri9ution o1 Av(i2(92e P(rt/-#ist Se(ts Vot$s G"& $&$' o)$& Tot"% Vot$s (o& P"&t4 List, i C #A$ G3"&" t$$' S$"t (Fi&st Ro3 ') #%$ A''itio "% S$"ts (S$0o ' Ro3 ') #C$ (B) @%3s (C), i 2#o%$ i t$!$&s #&$ A@@%4i ! t#$ t#&$$ s$"t 0"@ #'$

R" D

P"&t4

Vot$s G"& $&$'

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BU$AY BAYAN MUNA !IBA! GABRIE#A APE! A e(06er AHBAYAN A#AGA' !OOPNA !!O BU I# BA AS AR! ANAHPAFIS ABONO AMIN AGAP AN FARAY YA!AP @P&PM UNI-MA' ABS HAHUSA HABA AAN ABA-AHO A#I@ SENIOR !I I"ENS A %@P ANA' BANA ANG HASANGGA BAN AY ABAHA'A )-U AH U!P !O!O@E'

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App2/in. t6e pro0edure o1 se(t (22o0(tion (s i22ustr(ted in (92e 7 (9ove, t6ere (re >> p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 1ro3 t6e 7? <innin. p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tions. A22 >> (v(i2(92e p(rt/-2ist se(ts (re 1i22ed. 6e (ddition(2 se(ts (22o0(ted to t6e p(rties <it6 su11i0ient nu39er o1 votes 1or one <6o2e se(t, in no 0(se to ex0eed ( tot(2 o1 t6ree se(ts 1or e(06 p(rt/, (re s6o<n in 0o2u3n 4'5. Parti ipation of Ma(or Politi al Parties in Party-List 'le tions 6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission (dopted ( 3u2ti-p(rt/ s/ste3 t6(t "%%o2$' "%% @o%iti0"% @"&ti$s to @"&ti0i@"t$ i t#$ @"&t46%ist

$%$0tio s. 6e de2i9er(tions o1 t6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission 02e(r2/ 9e(r t6is out, t6us: MR. MONSO'. M(d(3 President, I Just <(nt to s(/ t6(t <e su..ested or proposed t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3 9e0(use <e <(nted to open up t6e po2iti0(2 s/ste3 to ( p2ur(2isti0 so0iet/ t6rou.6 ( 3u2tip(rt/ s/ste3. x x x .$ "&$ (o& o@$ i ! 3@ t#$ s4st$1, " ' 2$ 2o3%' %iD$ )$&4 130# (o& t#$ s$0to&s to ?$ t#$&$. T#"t is 2#4 o $ o( t#$ 2"4s to 'o t#"t is to @3t " 0$i%i ! o t#$ 31?$& o( &$@&$s$ t"ti)$s (&o1 " 4 si !%$ @"&t4 t#"t 0" sit 2it#i t#$ -< "%%o0"t$' 3 '$& t#$ @"&t4 %ist s4st$1. x x x. MR. MONSO'. M(d(3 President, t6e 0(ndid(0/ 1or t6e )+L se(ts is not 2i3ited to po2iti0(2 p(rties. M/ Euestion is t6is: Are <e .oin. to 02(ssi1/ 1or ex(3p2e !6risti(n 'e3o0r(ts (nd So0i(2 'e3o0r(ts (s po2iti0(2 p(rtiesQ !(n t6e/ run under t6e p(rt/ 2ist 0on0ept or 3ust t6e/ 9e under t6e distri0t 2e.is2(tion side o1 it on2/Q MR. %I##A!OR A. In rep2/ to t6(t Euer/, I t6inA t6ese p(rties t6(t t6e !o33issioner 3entioned 0(n 1ie2d 0(ndid(tes 1or t6e Sen(te (s <e22 (s 1or t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. LiD$2is$, t#$4 0" "%so (i$%' s$0to&"% 0" 'i'"t$s (o& t#$ 2< @$&0$ t o& 8< @$&0$ t, 2#i0#$)$& is "'o@t$', o( t#$ s$"ts t#"t 2$ "&$ "%%o0"ti ! 3 '$& t#$ @"&t4 %ist s4st$1. MR. MONSO'. In ot6er <ords, t6e !6risti(n 'e3o0r(ts 0(n 1ie2d distri0t 0(ndid(tes (nd 0(n (2so p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3Q MR. %I##A!OR A. .#4 s$0to&"% 0" 'i'"t$s. otE .#$ t#$4 0o1$ to t#$ @"&t4 %ist s4st$1, t#$4 2i%% ?$ (i$%'i ! o %4

MR. MONSO'. M(/ I 9e 02(ri1ied on t6(tQ !(n UNI'O p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3Q MR. %I##A!OR A. Yes, <6/ notQ Fo& "s %o ! "s t#$4 (i$%' 0" 'i'"t$s 2#o 0o1$ (&o1 t#$ 'i(($&$ t 1"&!i "%iF$' s$0to&s t#"t 2$ s#"%% '$si! "t$ i t#is Co stit3tio . MR. MONSO'. Suppose Sen(tor (R(d( <(nts to run under BAYAN .roup (nd s(/s t6(t 6e represents t6e 1(r3ers, <ou2d 6e Eu(2i1/Q MR. %I##A!OR A. No, Sen(tor (R(d( <ou2d not Eu(2i1/. MR. MONSO'. But UNI'O 0(n 1ie2d 0(ndid(tes under t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3 (nd s(/ &u(n de2( !ru= is ( 1(r3er. F6o <ou2d p(ss on <6et6er 6e is ( 1(r3er or notQ MR. A'EO. H(/ !o33issioner Monsod, .usto Ao 2(3(n. 2in(<in ito. Po%iti0"% @"&ti$s, @"&ti03%"&%4 1i o&it4 @o%iti0"% @"&ti$s, "&$ ot @&o#i?it$' to @"&ti0i@"t$ i t#$ @"&t4 %ist $%$0tio i( t#$4 0" @&o)$ t#"t t#$4 "&$ "%so o&!" iF$' "%o ! s$0to&"% %i $s. MR. MONSO'. F6(t t6e !o33issioner is s(/in. is t6(t (22 po2iti0(2 p(rties 0(n p(rti0ip(te 9e0(use it is pre0ise2/ t6e 0ontention o1 po2iti0(2 p(rties t6(t t6e/ represent t6e 9ro(d 9(se o1 0iti=ens (nd t6(t (22 se0tors (re represented in t6e3. Fou2d t6e !o33issioner (.reeQ MR. A'EO. An. punto 2(3(n. n(3in, p(. pin(/(.(n 3o (n. UNI'O n( is(n. po2iti0(2 p(rt/, it <i22 do3in(te t6e p(rt/ 2ist (t 3(<(<(2(n. s(/s(/ din /un. se0tor. #(2(3unin 3is3o n. po2iti0(2 p(rties (n. p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3. Gusto Ao 2(3(n. 9i./(n n. diin (n. Breserve.N $indi ito reserve se(t s( 3(r.in(2i=ed se0tors. Hun. titin.n(n n(tin iton. )+L se(ts, reserved din ito s( po2iti0(2 p(rties. MR. MONSO'. $indi po reserved i/on A(si (n/9od/ 0(n run t6ere. But 3/ Euestion to !o33issioner %i22(0ort( (nd pro9(92/ (2so to !o33issioner (deo is t6(t under t6is s/ste3, <ou2d UNI'O 9e 9(nned 1ro3 runnin. under t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3Q MR. %I##A!OR A. No, (s I s(id, *NIDO 1"4 (i$%' s$0to&"% 0" 'i'"t$s. O *NIDO 1"4 ?$ "%%o2$' to &$!ist$& (o& t#$ @"&t4 %ist s4st$1. MR. MONSO'. M(/ I inEuire 1ro3 !o33issioner (deo i1 6e s6(res t6(t (ns<erQ MR. A'EO. 6e s(3e. t#"t 0o 'itio "%o $,

MR. %I##A!OR A. P32$'$ @o " ! *NIDO, @$&o s" s$0to&"% %i $s. MR. OP#E. x x x In 3/ opinion, t6is <i22 (2so 0re(te t6e sti3u2us 1or po2iti0(2 p(rties (nd 3(ss or.(ni=(tions to seeA 0o33on .round. @or ex(3p2e, <e 6(ve t6e P'P-#(9(n (nd t6e UNI'O. I see no re(son <6/ t6e/ s6ou2d not 9e (92e to 3(Ae 0o33on .o(2s <it6 3(ss or.(ni=(tions so t6(t t6e ver/ 2e(ders6ip o1 t6ese p(rties 0(n 9e tr(ns1or3ed t6rou.6 t6e p(rti0ip(tion o1 3(ss or.(ni=(tions. And i1 t6is is true o1 t6e (d3inistr(tion p(rties, t6is <i22 9e true o1 ot6ers 2iAe t6e P(rtido n. B(/(n <6i06 is no< 9ein. 1or3ed. 6ere is no Euestion t6(t t6e/ <i22 9e (ttr(0tive to 3(n/ 3(ss or.(ni=(tions. In t6e opposition p(rties to <6i06 <e 9e2on., t6ere <i22 9e ( sti3u2us 1or us to 0ont(0t 3(ss or.(ni=(tions so t6(t <it6 t6eir p(rti0ip(tion, t6e po2i0ies o1 su06 p(rties 0(n 9e r(di0(22/ tr(ns1or3ed 9e0(use t6is (3end3ent <i22 0re(te 0onditions t6(t <i22 06(22en.e 9ot6 t6e 3(ss or.(ni=(tions (nd t6e po2iti0(2

p(rties to 0o3e to.et6er. And t6e p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3 is 0ert(in2/ (v(i2(92e, (2t6ou.6 it is open to (22 t6e p(rties. It is understood t6(t t6e p(rties <i22 enter in t6e ro22 o1 t6e !OME#E! t6e n(3es o1 represent(tives o1 3(ss or.(ni=(tions (11i2i(ted <it6 t6e3. So t6(t <e 3(/, in ti3e, deve2op t6is ex0e22ent s/ste3 t6(t t6e/ 6(ve in Europe <6ere 2(9or or.(ni=(tions (nd 0ooper(tives, 1or ex(3p2e, distri9ute t6e3se2ves eit6er in t6e So0i(2 'e3o0r(ti0 P(rt/ (nd t6e !6risti(n 'e3o0r(ti0 P(rt/ in Ger3(n/, (nd t6eir ver/ presen0e t6ere 6(s ( tr(ns1or3in. e11e0t upon t6e p6i2osop6ies (nd t6e 2e(ders6ip o1 t6ose p(rties. It is (2so ( 1(0t <e22 Ano<n to (22 t6(t in t6e United St(tes, t6e A@#-!IO (2<(/s vote <it6 t6e 'e3o0r(ti0 P(rt/. But t6e 9usiness3en, 3ost o1 t6e3, (2<(/s vote <it6 t6e Repu92i0(n P(rt/, 3e(nin. t6(t t6ere is no re(son (t (22 <6/ po2iti0(2 p(rties (nd 3(ss or.(ni=(tions s6ou2d not 0o39ine, reen1or0e, in12uen0e (nd inter(0t <it6 e(06 ot6er so t6(t t6e ver/ o9Je0tives t6(t <e set in t6is !onstitution 1or se0tor(2 represent(tion (re (06ieved in ( <ider, 3ore 2(stin., (nd 3ore institution(2i=ed <(/. 6ere1ore, I support t6is CMonsod-%i22(0ort(D (3end3ent. It inst(22s se0tor(2 represent(tion (s ( 0onstitution(2 .i1t, 9ut (t t6e s(3e ti3e, it 06(22en.es t6e se0tor to rise to t6e 3(Jest/ o1 9ein. e2e0ted represent(tives 2(ter on t6rou.6 ( p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3I (nd even 9e/ond t6(t, to 9e0o3e (0tu(2 po2iti0(2 p(rties 0(p(92e o1 0ontestin. po2iti0(2 po<er in t6e <ider 0onstitution(2 (ren( 1or 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties. x x x4E3p6(sis supp2ied5 R.A. No. *+:) provided t6e det(i2s 1or t6e 0on0epts put 1or<(rd 9/ t6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission. Se0tion 7 o1 R.A. No. *+:) re(ds: /efinition of ,erms. 4(5 6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 is ( 3e06(nis3 o1 proportion(2 represent(tion in t6e e2e0tion o1 represent(tives to t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives 1ro3 n(tion(2, re.ion(2 (nd se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions t6ereo1 re.istered <it6 t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions 4!OME#E!5. !o3ponent p(rties or or.(ni=(tions o1 ( 0o(2ition 3(/ p(rti0ip(te independent2/ provided t6e 0o(2ition o1 <6i06 t6e/ 1or3 p(rt does not p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/2ist s/ste3. 495 A p(rt/ 3e(ns eit6er ( po2iti0(2 p(rt/ or ( se0tor(2 p(rt/ or ( 0o(2ition o1 p(rties. 405 A po2iti0(2 p(rt/ re1ers to (n or.(ni=ed .roup o1 0iti=ens (dvo0(tin. (n ideo2o./ or p2(t1or3, prin0ip2es (nd po2i0ies 1or t6e .ener(2 0ondu0t o1 .overn3ent (nd <6i06, (s t6e 3ost i33edi(te 3e(ns o1 se0urin. t6eir (doption, re.u2(r2/ no3in(tes (nd supports 0ert(in o1 its 2e(ders (nd 3e39ers (s 0(ndid(tes 1or pu92i0 o11i0e. It is ( n(tion(2 p(rt/ <6en its 0onstituen0/ is spre(d over t6e .eo.r(p6i0(2 territor/ o1 (t 2e(st ( 3(Jorit/ o1 t6e re.ions. It is ( re.ion(2 p(rt/ <6en its 0onstituen0/ is spre(d over t6e .eo.r(p6i0(2 territor/ o1 (t 2e(st ( 3(Jorit/ o1 t6e 0ities (nd provin0es 0o3prisin. t6e re.ion. 4d5 A se0tor(2 p(rt/ re1ers to (n or.(ni=ed .roup o1 0iti=ens 9e2on.in. to (n/ o1 t6e se0tors enu3er(ted in Se0tion > 6ereo1 <6ose prin0ip(2 (dvo0(0/ pert(ins to t6e spe0i(2 interests (nd 0on0erns o1 t6eir se0tor, 4e5 A se0tor(2 or.(ni=(tion re1ers to ( .roup o1 0iti=ens or ( 0o(2ition o1 .roups o1 0iti=ens <6o s6(re si3i2(r p6/si0(2 (ttri9utes or 06(r(0teristi0s, e3p2o/3ent, interests or 0on0erns. 415 A 0o(2ition re1ers to (n (..rup(tion o1 du2/ re.istered n(tion(2, re.ion(2, se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions 1or po2iti0(2 (ndKor e2e0tion purposes. !on.ress, in en(0tin. R.A. No. *+:), put t6e t6ree-se(t 0(p to prevent (n/ p(rt/ 1ro3 do3in(tin. t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions. Neit6er t6e !onstitution nor R.A. No. *+:) pro6i9its 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 1ro3 p(rti0ip(tin. in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. On t6e 0ontr(r/, t6e 1r(3ers o1 t6e !onstitution 02e(r2/ intended t6e 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties to p(rti0ip(te in p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions t6rou.6 t6eir se0tor(2 <in.s. In 1(0t, t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission voted do<n, )+-,,, (n/ per3(nent se0tor(2 se(ts, (nd in t6e (2tern(tive t6e reserv(tion o1 t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 to t6e se0tor(2 .roups. In de1inin. ( Bp(rt/N t6(t p(rti0ip(tes in p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions (s eit6er B( po2iti0(2 p(rt/ or ( se0tor(2 p(rt/,N R.A. No. *+:) (2so 02e(r2/ intended t6(t 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties <i22 p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions. Ex02udin. t6e 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties in p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions is 3(ni1est2/ (.(inst t6e !onstitution, t6e intent o1 t6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission, (nd R.A. No. *+:). 6is !ourt 0(nnot en.(.e in so0io-po2iti0(2 en.ineerin. (nd Judi0i(22/ 2e.is2(te t6e ex02usion o1 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 1ro3 t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions in p(tent vio2(tion o1 t6e !onstitution (nd t6e 2(<. Re(d to.et6er, R.A. No. *+:) (nd t6e de2i9er(tions o1 t6e !onstitution(2 !o33ission st(te t6(t 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties (re (22o<ed to est(92is6, or 1or3 0o(2itions <it6, se0tor(2 or.(ni=(tions 1or e2e0tor(2 or po2iti0(2 purposes. 6ere s6ou2d not 9e ( pro92e3 i1, 1or ex(3p2e, t6e #i9er(2 P(rt/ p(rti0ip(tes in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tion t6rou.6 t6e H(9(t((n. #i9er(2 n. Pi2ipin(s 4HA#IPI5, its se0tor(2 /out6 <in.. 6e ot6er 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 0(n t6us or.(ni=e, or (11i2i(te <it6, t6eir 06osen se0tor or se0tors. o 1urt6er i22ustr(te, t6e N(0ion(2ist( P(rt/ 0(n est(92is6 ( 1is6er1o2A <in. to p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tion, (nd t6is 1is6er1o2A <in. 0(n 1ie2d its 1is6er1o2A no3inees. H(9(2iA(t n. M(2(/(n. Pi2ipino 4HAMPI5 0(n do t6e s(3e 1or t6e ur9(n poor. 6e Eu(2i1i0(tions o1 p(rt/-2ist no3inees (re pres0ri9ed in Se0tion + o1 R.A. No. *+:): 0ualifications of Party-List Nominees. - No person s6(22 9e no3in(ted (s p(rt/-2ist represent(tive un2ess 6e is ( n(tur(2 9orn 0iti=en o1 t6e P6i2ippines, ( re.istered voter, ( resident o1 t6e P6i2ippines 1or ( period o1 not 2ess t6(n one 4)5 /e(r i33edi(te2/ pre0edin. t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tions, (92e to re(d (nd <rite, bona fide 3e39er o1 t6e p(rt/ or or.(ni=(tion <6i06 6e seeAs to represent 1or (t 2e(st ninet/ 4+85 d(/s pre0edin. t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion, (nd is (t 2e(st t<ent/-1ive 4,>5 /e(rs o1 (.e on t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion.

In 0(se o1 ( no3inee o1 t6e /out6 se0tor, 6e 3ust (t 2e(st 9e t<ent/-1ive 4,>5 9ut not 3ore t6(n t6irt/ 4785 /e(rs o1 (.e on t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion. An/ /out6 se0tor(2 represent(tive <6o (tt(ins t6e (.e o1 t6irt/ 4785 durin. 6is ter3 s6(22 9e (22o<ed to 0ontinue unti2 t6e expir(tion o1 6is ter3. Under Se0tion + o1 R.A. No. *+:), it is not ne0ess(r/ t6(t t6e p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tion;s no3inee B<(22o< in povert/, destitution (nd in1ir3it/N (s t6ere is no 1in(n0i(2 st(tus reEuired in t6e 2(<. It is enou.6 t6(t t6e no3inee o1 t6e se0tor(2 p(rt/Kor.(ni=(tionK0o(2ition 9e2on.s to t6e 3(r.in(2i=ed (nd underrepresented se0tors, t6(t is, i1 t6e no3inee represents t6e 1is6er1o2A, 6e or s6e 3ust 9e ( 1is6er1o2A, or i1 t6e no3inee represents t6e senior 0iti=ens, 6e or s6e 3ust 9e ( senior 0iti=en. Neit6er t6e !onstitution nor R.A. No. *+:) 3(nd(tes t6e 1i22in.-up o1 t6e entire ,8M (22o0(tion o1 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 1ound in t6e !onstitution. 6e !onstitution, in p(r(.r(p6 ), Se0tion > o1 Arti02e %I, 2e1t t6e deter3in(tion o1 t6e nu39er o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives to !on.ress: B 6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives s6(22 9e 0o3posed o1 not 3ore t6(n t<o 6undred (nd 1i1t/ 3e39ers, un2ess ot6er<ise 1ixed 9/ 2(<, x x x.N 6e ,8M (22o0(tion o1 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives is 3ere2/ ( 0ei2in.I p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 0(nnot 9e 3ore t6(n ,8M o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. $o<ever, <e 0(nnot (22o< t6e 0ontinued existen0e o1 ( provision in t6e 2(< <6i06 <i22 s/ste3(ti0(22/ prevent t6e 0onstitution(22/ (22o0(ted ,8M p(rt/-2ist represent(tives 1ro3 9ein. 1i22ed. 6e t6ree-se(t 0(p, (s ( 2i3it(tion to t6e nu39er o1 se(ts t6(t ( Eu(2i1ied p(rt/-2ist or.(ni=(tion 3(/ o00up/, re3(ins ( v(2id st(tutor/ devi0e t6(t prevents (n/ p(rt/ 1ro3 do3in(tin. t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions. Se(ts 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 t6us 9e (22o0(ted in (00ord(n0e <it6 t6e pro0edure used in (92e 7 (9ove. $o<ever, 9/ ( vote o1 L-*, t6e !ourt de0ided to 0ontinue t6e ru2in. in Veterans dis(22o<in. 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 1ro3 p(rti0ip(tin. in t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions, dire0t2/ or indire0t2/. 6ose <6o voted to 0ontinue dis(22o<in. 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties 1ro3 t6e p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions Joined !6ie1 &usti0e Re/n(to S. Puno in 6is sep(r(te opinion. On t6e 1or3u2( to (22o0(te p(rt/-2ist se(ts, t6e !ourt is un(ni3ous in 0on0urrin. <it6 t6is ponencia. .,EREFORE, <e PARTIALLY GRANT t6e petition. Fe SET ASIDE t6e Reso2ution o1 t6e !OME#E! d(ted 7 Au.ust ,88* in NB! No. 8*-8:) 4P#5 (s <e22 (s t6e Reso2ution d(ted + &u2/ ,88* in NB! No. 8*-?8. Fe de02(re un0onstitution(2 t6e t<o per0ent t6res6o2d in t6e distri9ution o1 (ddition(2 p(rt/-2ist se(ts. 6e (22o0(tion o1 (ddition(2 se(ts under t6e P(rt/-#ist S/ste3 s6(22 9e in (00ord(n0e <it6 t6e pro0edure used in (92e 7 o1 t6is 'e0ision. M(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties (re dis(22o<ed 1ro3 p(rti0ip(tin. in p(rt/-2ist e2e0tions. 6is 'e0ision is i33edi(te2/ exe0utor/. No pronoun0e3ent (s to 0osts. SO ORDERED. Fe Euote 9e2o< t6e dis0ussion in Veterans exp2(inin. t6e @irst P(rt/ Ru2e: Formula for &eterminin) Additional !eats for the First Party No<, 6o< do <e deter3ine t6e nu39er o1 se(ts t6e 1irst p(rt/ is entit2ed toQ 6e on2/ 9(sis .iven 9/ t6e 2(< is t6(t ( p(rt/ re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 votes s6(22 9e entit2ed to one se(t. Proportion(22/, i1 t6e 1irst p(rt/ <ere to re0eive t<i0e t6e nu39er o1 votes o1 t6e se0ond p(rt/, it s6ou2d 9e entit2ed to t<i0e t6e 2(tter;s nu39er o1 se(ts (nd so on. 6e 1or3u2(, t6ere1ore, 1or 0o3putin. t6e nu39er o1 se(ts to <6i06 t6e 1irst p(rt/ is entit2ed is (s 1o22o<s: Nu39er o1 votes o1 1irst p(rt/ -------------------ot(2 votes 1or p(rt/ -2ist s/ste3 Proportion o1 votes o1 1irst p(rt/ re2(tive to tot(2 votes 1or p(rt/-2ist s/ste3

I1 t6e proportion o1 votes re0eived 9/ t6e 1irst p(rt/ <it6out roundin. it o11 is eEu(2 to (t 2e(st six per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 v(2id votes 0(st 1or (22 t6e p(rt/ 2ist .roups, t6en t6e 1irst p(rt/ s6(22 9e entit2ed to t<o (ddition(2 se(ts or ( tot(2 o1 t6ree se(ts over(22. I1 t6e proportion o1 votes <it6out ( roundin. o11 is eEu(2 to or .re(ter t6(n 1our per0ent, 9ut 2ess t6(n six per0ent, t6en t6e 1irst p(rt/ s6(22 6(ve one (ddition(2 or ( tot(2 o1 t<o se(ts. And i1 t6e proportion is 2ess t6(n 1our per0ent, t6en t6e 1irst p(rt/ s6(22 not 9e entit2ed to (n/ (ddition(2 se(t. Fe (dopted t6is six per0ent 9en06 3(rA, 9e0(use t6e 1irst p(rt/ is not (2<(/s entit2ed to t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 (ddition(2 se(ts. #iAe<ise, it <ou2d prevent t6e (22ot3ent o1 3ore t6(n t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 (v(i2(92e se(ts, su06 (s in (n extre3e 0(se <6erein )L or 3ore p(rties tie 1or t6e 6i.6est r(nA (nd (re t6us entit2ed to t6ree se(ts e(06. In su06 s0en(rio, t6e nu39er o1 se(ts to <6i06 (22 t6e p(rties (re entit2ed 3(/ ex0eed t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 p(rt/-2ist se(ts reserved in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. Note t6(t t6e (9ove 1or3u2( <i22 9e (pp2i0(92e on2/ in deter3inin. t6e nu39er o1 (ddition(2 se(ts t6e first party is entit2ed to. It 0(nnot 9e used to deter3ine t6e nu39er o1 (ddition(2 se(ts o1 t6e ot6er Eu(2i1ied p(rties. As exp2(ined e(r2ier, t6e use o1 t6e s(3e 1or3u2( 1or (22 <ou2d 0ontr(vene t6e proportion(2 represent(tion p(r(3eter. @or ex(3p2e, ( se0ond p(rt/ o9t(ins six per0ent o1 t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 votes 0(st. A00ordin. to t6e (9ove 1or3u2(, t6e s(id p(rt/ <ou2d 9e entit2ed to t<o (ddition(2 se(ts or ( tot(2 o1 t6ree se(ts over(22. $o<ever, i1 t6e 1irst p(rt/ re0eived ( si.ni1i0(nt2/ 6i.6er (3ount o1 votes - s(/, t<ent/ per0ent - to .r(nt it t6e s(3e nu39er o1 se(ts (s t6e se0ond p(rt/ <ou2d vio2(te t6e st(tutor/ 3(nd(te o1 proportion(2 represent(tion, sin0e ( p(rt/ .ettin. on2/ six per0ent o1 t6e votes <i22 6(ve (n eEu(2 nu39er o1 represent(tives (s t6e one o9t(inin. t<ent/ per0ent. 6e proper so2ution, t6ere1ore, is to .r(nt t6e 1irst p(rt/ ( tot(2 o1 t6ree se(tsI (nd t6e p(rt/ re0eivin. six per0ent, (ddition(2 se(ts in proportion to t6ose o1 t6e 1irst p(rt/.

Formula for Additional !eats of *ther +ualified Parties .tep ,hree 6e next step is to so2ve 1or t6e nu39er o1 (ddition(2 se(ts t6(t t6e ot6er Eu(2i1ied p(rties (re entit2ed to, 9(sed on proportion(2 represent(tion. 6e 1or3u2( is en0o3p(ssed 9/ t6e 1o22o<in. 0o3p2ex 1r(0tion: No. o1 votes o1 0on0erned p(rt/ -----------------ot(2 no. o1 votes 1or p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 ----------------------No. o1 votes o1 1irst p(rt/ -------------ot(2 no. o1 votes 1or p(rt/ 2ist s/ste3

Addition(2 se(ts 1or 0on0erned O p(rt/

No. o1 (ddition(2 se(ts (22o0(ted to t6e 1irst p(rt/

In si3p2i1ied 1or3, it is <ritten (s 1o22o<s: Addition(2 se(ts 1or 0on0erned O p(rt/ No. o1 votes o1 0on0erned p(rt/ No. o1 (ddition(2 -----------------x se(ts (22o0(ted to No. o1 votes o1 t6e 1irst p(rt/ 1irst p(rt/

x x x In0ident(22/, i1 t6e 1irst p(rt/ is not entit2ed to (n/ (ddition(2 se(t, t6en t6e r(tio o1 t6e nu39er o1 votes 1or t6e ot6er p(rt/ to t6(t 1or t6e 1irst one is 3u2tip2ied 9/ =ero. 6e end resu2t <ou2d 9e =ero (ddition(2 se(t 1or e(06 o1 t6e ot6er Eu(2i1ied p(rties (s <e22. 6e (9ove 1or3u2( does not .ive (n ex(0t 3(t6e3(ti0(2 represent(tion o1 t6e nu39er o1 (ddition(2 se(ts to 9e (<(rded sin0e, in order to 9e entit2ed to one (ddition(2 se(t, (n ex(0t <6o2e nu39er is ne0ess(r/. In 1(0t, 3ost o1 t6e (0tu(2 3(t6e3(ti0(2 proportions (re not <6o2e nu39ers (nd (re not rounded o11 1or t6e re(sons exp2(ined e(r2ier. o repe(t, roundin. o11 3(/ resu2t in t6e (<(rdin. o1 ( nu39er o1 se(ts in ex0ess o1 t6(t provided 9/ t6e 2(<. @urt6er3ore, o9t(inin. (9so2ute proportion(2 represent(tion is restri0ted 9/ t6e t6ree-se(t-per-p(rt/ 2i3it to ( 3(xi3u3 o1 t<o (ddition(2 s2ots. An in0re(se in t6e 3(xi3u3 nu39er o1 (ddition(2 represent(tives ( p(rt/ 3(/ 9e entit2ed to <ou2d resu2t in ( 3ore (00ur(te proportion(2 represent(tion. But t6e 2(< itse21 6(s set t6e 2i3it: on2/ t<o (ddition(2 se(ts. $en0e, <e need to <orA <it6in su06 ext(nt p(r(3eter. REP*BLIC ACT No. 79=1/ AN ACT PROVIDING FOR T,E ELECTION OF PARTY6LIST REPRESENTATIVES T,RO*G, T,E PARTY6LIST SYSTEM, AND APPROPRIATING F*NDS T,EREFOR S$0tio 1. ,itle. 6is A0t s6(22 9e Ano<n (s t6e SP(rt/-#ist S/ste3 A0t.S S$0tio 2. /eclaration of part y. 6e St(te s6(22 pro3ote proportion(2 represent(tion in t6e e2e0tion o1 represent(tives to t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives t6rou.6 ( p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 o1 re.istered n(tion(2, re.ion(2 (nd se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions t6ereo1, <6i06 <i22 en(92e @i2ipino 0iti=ens 9e2on.in. to 3(r.in(2i=ed (nd under-represented se0tors, or.(ni=(tions (nd p(rties, (nd <6o 2(0A <e22-de1ined po2iti0(2 0onstituen0ies 9ut <6o 0ou2d 0ontri9ute to t6e 1or3u2(tion (nd en(0t3ent o1 (ppropri(te 2e.is2(tion t6(t <i22 9ene1it t6e n(tion (s ( <6o2e, to 9e0o3e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. o<(rds t6is end, t6e St(te s6(22 deve2op (nd .u(r(ntee ( 1u22, 1ree (nd open p(rt/ s/ste3 in order to (tt(in t6e 9ro(d0(st possi92e represent(tion o1 p(rt/, se0tor(2 or .roup interests in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives 9/ en6(n0in. t6eir 06(n0es to 0o3pete 1or (nd <in se(ts in t6e 2e.is2(ture, (nd s6(22 provide t6e si3p2est s06e3e possi92e. S$0tio 8. /efinition of ,erms. 4(5 6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 is ( 3e06(nis3 o1 proportion(2 represent(tion in t6e e2e0tion o1 represent(tives to t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives 1ro3 n(tion(2, re.ion(2 (nd se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions t6ereo1 re.istered <it6 t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions 4!OME#E!5. !o3ponent p(rties or or.(ni=(tions o1 ( 0o(2ition 3(/ p(rti0ip(te independent2/ provided t6e 0o(2ition o1 <6i06 t6e/ 1or3 p(rt does not p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. 495 A p(rt/ 3e(ns eit6er ( po2iti0(2 p(rt/ or ( se0tor(2 p(rt/ or ( 0o(2ition o1 p(rties. 405 A po2iti0(2 p(rt/ re1ers to (n or.(ni=ed .roup o1 0iti=ens (dvo0(tin. (n ideo2o./ or p2(t1or3, prin0ip2es (nd po2i0ies 1or t6e .ener(2 0ondu0t o1 .overn3ent (nd <6i06, (s t6e 3ost i33edi(te 3e(ns o1 se0urin. t6eir (doption, re.u2(r2/ no3in(tes (nd supports 0ert(in o1 its 2e(ders (nd 3e39ers (s 0(ndid(tes 1or pu92i0 o11i0e. It is ( n(tion(2 p(rt/ <6en its 0onstituen0/ is spre(d over t6e .eo.r(p6i0(2 territor/ o1 (t 2e(st ( 3(Jorit/ o1 t6e re.ions. It is ( re.ion(2 p(rt/ <6en its 0onstituen0/ is spre(d over t6e .eo.r(p6i0(2 territor/ o1 (t 2e(st ( 3(Jorit/ o1 t6e 0ities (nd provin0es 0o3prisin. t6e re.ion. 4d5 A se0tor(2 p(rt/ re1ers to (n or.(ni=ed .roup o1 0iti=ens 9e2on.in. to (n/ o1 t6e se0tors enu3er(ted in Se0tion > 6ereo1 <6ose prin0ip(2 (dvo0(0/ pert(ins to t6e spe0i(2 interest (nd 0on0erns o1 t6eir se0tor, 4e5 A se0tor(2 or.(ni=(tion re1ers to ( .roup o1 0iti=ens or ( 0o(2ition o1 .roups o1 0iti=ens <6o s6(re si3i2(r p6/si0(2 (ttri9utes or 06(r(0teristi0s, e3p2o/3ent, interests or 0on0erns.

415 A 0o(2ition re1ers to (n (..rup(tion o1 du2/ re.istered n(tion(2, re.ion(2, se0tor(2 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions 1or po2iti0(2 (ndKor e2e0tion purposes. S$0tio =. anifestation to Participate in the Party-List .ystem. An/ p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition (2re(d/ re.istered <it6 t6e !o33ission need not re.ister (ne<. $o<ever, su06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition s6(22 1i2e <it6 t6e !o33ission, not 2(ter t6(n ninet/ 4+85 d(/s 9e1ore t6e e2e0tion, ( 3(ni1est(tion o1 its desire to p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. S$0tio -. Re&istration. An/ or.(ni=ed .roup o1 persons 3(/ re.ister (s ( p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition 1or purposes o1 t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 9/ 1i2in. <it6 t6e !OME#E! not 2(ter t6(n ninet/ 4+85 d(/s 9e1ore t6e e2e0tion ( petition veri1ied 9/ its president or se0ret(r/ st(tin. its desire to p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 (s ( n(tion(2, re.ion(2 or se0tor(2 p(rt/ or or.(ni=(tion or ( 0o(2ition o1 su06 p(rties or or.(ni=(tions, (tt(06in. t6ereto its 0onstitution, 9/-2(<s, p2(t1or3 or pro.r(3 o1 .overn3ent, 2ist o1 o11i0ers, 0o(2ition (.ree3ent (nd ot6er re2ev(nt in1or3(tion (s t6e !OME#E! 3(/ reEuire: Provided, 6(t t6e se0tors s6(22 in02ude 2(9or, pe(s(nt, 1is6er1o2A, ur9(n poor, indi.enous 0u2tur(2 0o33unities, e2der2/, 6(ndi0(pped, <o3en, /out6, veter(ns, overse(s <orAers, (nd pro1ession(2s. 6e !OME#E! s6(22 pu92is6 t6e petition in (t 2e(st t<o 4,5 n(tion(2 ne<sp(pers o1 .ener(2 0ir0u2(tion. 6e !OME#E! s6(22, (1ter due noti0e (nd 6e(rin., reso2ve t6e petition <it6in 1i1teen 4)>5 d(/s 1ro3 t6e d(te it <(s su93itted 1or de0ision 9ut in no 0(se not 2(ter t6(n sixt/ 4?85 d(/s 9e1ore e2e0tion. S$0tio 9. Refusal and-or Cancellation of Re&istration. 6e !OME#E! 3(/, 3otu propio or upon veri1ied 0o3p2(int o1 (n/ interested p(rt/, re1use or 0(n0e2, (1ter due noti0e (nd 6e(rin., t6e re.istr(tion o1 (n/ n(tion(2, re.ion(2 or se0tor(2 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition on (n/ o1 t6e 1o22o<in. .rounds: 4)5 It is ( re2i.ious se0t or deno3in(tion, or.(ni=(tion or (sso0i(tion, or.(ni=ed 1or re2i.ious purposesI 4,5 It (dvo0(tes vio2en0e or un2(<1u2 3e(ns to seeA its .o(2I 475 It is ( 1orei.n p(rt/ or or.(ni=(tionI 4:5 It is re0eivin. support 1ro3 (n/ 1orei.n .overn3ent, 1orei.n po2iti0(2 p(rt/, 1ound(tion, or.(ni=(tion, <6et6er dire0t2/ or t6rou.6 (n/ o1 its o11i0ers or 3e39ers or indire0t2/ t6rou.6 t6ird p(rties 1or p(rtis(n e2e0tion purposesI 4>5 It vio2(tes or 1(i2s to 0o3p2/ <it6 2(<s, ru2es or re.u2(tions re2(tin. to e2e0tionsI 4?5 It de02(res untrut61u2 st(te3ents in its petitionI 4*5 It 6(s 0e(sed to exist 1or (t 2e(st one 4)5 /e(rI or 4L5 It 1(i2s to p(rti0ip(te in t6e 2(st t<o 4,5 pre0edin. e2e0tions or 1(i2s to o9t(in (t 2e(st t<o per 0entu3 4,M5 o1 t6e votes 0(st under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 in t6e t<o 4,5 pre0edin. e2e0tions 1or t6e 0onstituen0/ in <6i06 it 6(s re.istered. S$0tio 7. Certified List of Re&istered Parties. 6e !OME#E! s6(22, not 2(ter t6(n sixt/ 4?85 d(/s 9e1ore e2e0tion, prep(re ( 0erti1ied 2ist o1 n(tion(2, re.ion(2, or se0tor(2 p(rties, or.(ni=(tions or 0o(2itions <6i06 6(ve (pp2ied or <6o 6(ve 3(ni1ested t6eir desire to p(rti0ip(te under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 (nd distri9ute 0opies t6ereo1 to (22 pre0in0ts 1or postin. in t6e po22in. p2(0es on e2e0tion d(/. 6e n(3es o1 t6e p(rt /-2ist no3inees s6(22 not 9e s6o<n on t6e 0erti1ied 2ist. S$0tio 7. Nomination of Party-List Representatives. E(06 re.istered p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion or 0o(2ition s6(22 su93it to t6e !OME#E! not 2(ter t6(n 1ort/-1ive 4:>5 d(/s 9e1ore t6e e2e0tion ( 2ist o1 n(3es, not 2ess t6(n 1ive 4>5, 1ro3 <6i06 p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 9e 06osen in 0(se it o9t(ins t6e reEuired nu39er o1 votes. A person 3(/ 9e no3in(ted in one 4)5 2ist on2/. On2/ persons <6o 6(ve .iven t6eir 0onsent in <ritin. 3(/ 9e n(3ed in t6e 2ist. 6e 2ist s6(22 not in02ude (n/ 0(ndid(te 1or (n/ e2e0tive o11i0e or ( person <6o 6(s 2ost 6is 9id 1or (n e2e0tive o11i0e in t6e i33edi(te2/ pre0edin. e2e0tion. No 06(n.e o1 n(3es or (2ter(tion o1 t6e order o1 no3inees s6(22 9e (22o<ed (1ter t6e s(3e s6(22 6(ve 9een su93itted to t6e !OME#E! ex0ept in 0(ses <6ere t6e no3inee dies, or <it6dr(<s in <ritin. 6is no3in(tion, 9e0o3es in0(p(0it(ted in <6i06 0(se t6e n(3e o1 t6e su9stitute no3inee s6(22 9e p2(0ed 2(st in t6e 2ist. In0u39ent se0tor(2 represent(tives in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives <6o (re no3in(ted in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 not 9e 0onsidered resi.ned. S$0tio 9. 0ualifications of Party-List Nominees. No person s6(22 9e no3in(ted (s p(rt/-2ist represent(tive un2ess 6e is ( n(tur(2-9orn 0iti=en o1 t6e P6i2ippines, ( re.istered voter, ( resident o1 t6e P6i2ippines 1or ( period o1 not 2ess t6(n one 4)5/e(r i33edi(te2/ pre0edin. t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion, (92e to re(d (nd <rite, ( 9on( 1ide 3e39er o1 t6e p(rt/ or or.(ni=(tion <6i06 6e seeAs to represent 1or (t 2e(st ninet/ 4+85 d(/s pre0edin. t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion, (nd is (t 2e(st t<ent/-1ive 4,>5 /e(rs o1 (.e on t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion. In 0(se o1 ( no3inee o1 t6e /out6 se0tor, 6e 3ust (t 2e(st 9e t<ent/-1ive 4,>5 9ut not 3ore t6(n t6irt/ 4785 /e(rs o1 (.e on t6e d(/ o1 t6e e2e0tion. An/ /out6 se0tor(2 represent(tive <6o (tt(ins t6e (.e o1 t6irt/ 4785 durin. 6is ter3 s6(22 9e (22o<ed to 0ontinue in o11i0e unti2 t6e expir(tion o1 6is ter3. S$0tio 1<. anner of Votin&. Ever/ voter s6(22 9e entit2ed to t<o 4,5 votes: t6e 1irst is ( vote 1or 0(ndid(te 1or 3e39er o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives in 6is 2e.is2(tive distri0t, (nd t6e se0ond, ( vote 1or t6e p(rt/, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2ition 6e <(nts represented in t6e 6ouse o1 Represent(tives: Provided, 6(t ( vote 0(st 1or ( p(rt/, se0tor(2 or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition not entit2ed to 9e voted 1or s6(22 not 9e 0ounted: Provided, 1in(22/, 6(t t6e 1irst e2e0tion under t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e 6e2d in M(/ )++L.

6e !OME#E! s6(22 undert(Ae t6e ne0ess(r/ in1or3(tion 0(3p(i.n 1or purposes o1 edu0(tin. t6e e2e0tor(te on t6e 3(tter o1 t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. S$0tio 11. Number of Party-List Representatives. 6e p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 0onstitute t<ent/ per 0entu3 4,8M5 o1 t6e tot(2 nu39er o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives in02udin. t6ose under t6e p(rt/-2ist. @or purposes o1 t6e M(/ )++L e2e0tions, t6e 1irst 1ive 4>5 3(Jor po2iti0(2 p(rties on t6e 9(sis o1 p(rt/ represent(tion in t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives (t t6e st(rt o1 t6e ent6 !on.ress o1 t6e P6i2ippines s6(22 not 9e entit2ed to p(rti0ip(te in t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. In deter3inin. t6e (22o0(tion o1 se(ts 1or t6e se0ond vote, t6e 1o22o<in. pro0edure s6(22 9e o9served: 4(5 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions s6(22 9e r(nAed 1ro3 t6e 6i.6est to t6e 2o<est 9(sed on t6e nu39er o1 votes t6e/ .(rnered durin. t6e e2e0tions. 495 6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, (nd 0o(2itions re0eivin. (t 2e(st t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e tot(2 votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3 s6(22 9e entit2ed to one se(t e(06: Provided, 6(t t6ose .(rnerin. 3ore t6(n t<o per0ent 4,M5 o1 t6e votes s6(22 9e entit2ed to (ddition(2 se(ts in proportion to t6eir tot(2 nu39er o1 votes : Provided, 1in(22/, 6(t e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition s6(22 9e entit2ed to not 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 se(ts. S$0tio 12. Procedure in %llocatin& .eats for Party-List Representatives. 6e !OME#E! s6(22 t(22/ (22 t6e votes 1or t6e p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2itions on ( n(tion<ide 9(sis, r(nA t6e3 (00ordin. to t6e nu39er o1 votes re0eived (nd (22o0(te p(rt/-2ist represent(tives proportion(te2/ (00ordin. to t6e per0ent(.e o1 votes o9t(ined 9/ e(06 p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition (s (.(inst t6e tot(2 n(tion<ide votes 0(st 1or t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. S$0tio 18. 3o4 Party-List Representatives are Chosen. P(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 9e pro02(i3ed 9/ t6e !OME#E! 9(sed on t6e 2ist o1 n(3es su93itted 9/ t6e respe0tive p(rties, or.(ni=(tions, or 0o(2itions to t6e !OME#E! (00ordin. to t6eir r(nAin. in s(id 2ist. S$0tio 1=. ,erm of Office. P(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 9e e2e0ted 1or ( ter3 o1 t6ree 475 /e(rs <6i06 s6(22 9e.in, un2ess ot6er<ise provided 9/ 2(<, (t noon on t6e t6irtiet6 d(/ o1 &une next 1o22o<in. t6eir e2e0tion. No p(rt/-2ist represent(tives s6(22 serve 1or 3ore t6(n t6ree 475 0onse0utive ter3s. %o2unt(r/ renun0i(tion o1 t6e o11i0e 1or (n/ 2en.t6 o1 ti3e s6(22 not 9e 0onsidered (s (n interruption in t6e 0ontinuit/ 6is servi0e 1or t6e 1u22 ter3 1or <6i06 6e <(s e2e0ted. S$0tio 1-. Chan&e of %ffiliation< !ffect. An/ e2e0ted p(rt/-2ist represent(tive <6o 06(n.es 6is po2iti0(2 p(rt/ or se0tor(2 (11i2i(tion durin. 6is ter3 o1 o11i0e s6(22 1or1eit 6is se(t: Provided, 6(t i1 6e 06(n.es 6is po2iti0(2 p(rt/ or se0tor(2 (11i2i(tion <it6in six 4?5 3ont6s 9e1ore (n e2e0tion, 6e s6(22 not 9e e2i.i92e 1or no3in(tion (s p(rt/-2ist represent(tive under 6is ne< p(rt/ or or.(ni=(tion. S$0tio 19. Vacancy. In 0(se o1 v(0(n0/ in t6e se(ts reserved 1or p(rt/-2ist represent(tives, t6e v(0(n0/ s6(22 9e (uto3(ti0(22/ 1i22ed 9/ t6e next represent(tive 1ro3 t6e 2ist o1 no3inees in t6e order su93itted to t6e !OME#E! 9/ t6e s(3e p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion, or 0o(2ition, <6o s6(22 serve 1or t6e unexpired ter3. I1 t6e 2ist is ex6(usted, t6e p(rt/, or.(ni=(tion 0o(2ition 0on0erned s6(22 su93it (ddition(2 no3inees. S$0tio 17. Ri&hts of Party-List Representatives. P(rt/-#ist Represent(tives s6(22 9e entit2ed to t6e s(3e s(2(ries (nd e3o2u3ents (s re.u2(r 3e39ers o1 t6e $ouse o1 Represent(tives. S$0tio 17. Rules and Re&ulations. 6e !OME#E! s6(22 pro3u2.(te t6e ne0ess(r/ ru2es (nd re.u2(tions (s 3(/ 9e ne0ess(r/ to 0(rr/ out t6e purposes o1 t6is A0t. S$0tio 19. %ppropriations. 6e (3ount ne0ess(r/ 1or t6e i3p2e3ent(tion o1 t6is A0t s6(22 9e provided in t6e re.u2(r (ppropri(tions 1or t6e !o33ission on E2e0tions st(rtin. 1is0(2 /e(r )++? under t6e Gener(2 Appropri(tions A0t. St(rtin. )++>, t6e !OME#E! is 6ere9/ (ut6ori=ed to uti2i=e s(vin.s (nd ot6er (v(i2(92e 1unds 1or purposes o1 its in1or3(tion 0(3p(i.n on t6e p(rt/-2ist s/ste3. S$0tio 2<. .eparability Clause. I1 (n/ p(rt o1 t6is A0t is 6e2d inv(2id or un0onstitution(2, t6e ot6er p(rts or provisions t6ereo1 s6(22 re3(in v(2id (nd e11e0tive. S$0tio 21. Repealin& Clause. A22 2(<s, de0rees, exe0utive orders, ru2es (nd re.u2(tions, or p(rts t6ereo1, in0onsistent <it6 t6e provisions o1 t6is A0t (re 6ere9/ repe(2ed. S$0tio 22. !ffectivity. 6is A0t s6(22 t(Ae e11e0t 1i1teen 4)>5 d(/s (1ter its pu92i0(tion in ( ne<sp(per o1 .ener(2 0ir0u2(tion. Approved, M(r06 7, )++>.

G.R. No. 7789- A@&i% 7, 1992

RITA CALEON, Petitioner, vs. AG*S DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION " ' CO*RT OF APPEALS, Respondents. BIDIN, J,: 6is is ( petition 1or revie< on certiorari seeAin. t6e revers(2 o1 t6e &(nu(r/ ,L, )+L* de0ision o1 t6e !ourt o1 Appe(2s in !A-G.R. SP No. )8++8 entit2ed SRit( !(2eon %. $on. S(3i2o B(r2on.(/, et (2.S dis3issin. t6e petition 1or revie< o1 t6e de0ision o1 t6e Re.ion(2 ri(2 !ourt o1 M(ni2(, Br(n06 7:, <6i06 (11ir3ed t6e de0ision o1 t6e Metropo2it(n ri(2 !ourt o1 M(ni2(, Br(n06 PII, eJe0tin. t6e petitioner. 6e undisputed 1(0ts o1 t6e 0(se (re (s 1o22o<s: Priv(te respondent A.us 'eve2op3ent !orpor(tion is t6e o<ner o1 ( p(r0e2 o1 2(nd deno3in(ted (s #ot 7+, B2o0A ,L, situ(ted (t )?)))?)+ #e(2t(d, S(3p(2o0, M(ni2(, <6i06 it 2e(sed to petitioner Rit( !(2eon 1or ( 3ont62/ rent(2 o1 P)L8.88. Petitioner 0onstru0ted on t6e 2ot 2e(sed ( :-door (p(rt3ent 9ui2din.. 2 Fit6out t6e 0onsent o1 t6e priv(te respondent, t6e petitioner su9-2e(sed t<o o1 t6e 1our doors o1 t6e (p(rt3ent to Ro2(ndo Guev(rr( (nd @e2i0isi3( Estr(d( 1or ( 3ont62/ rent(2 o1 P7>8.88 e(06. Upon 2e(rnin. o1 t6e su9-2e(se, priv(te respondent t6rou.6 0ounse2 de3(nded in <ritin. t6(t t6e petitioner v(0(te t6e 2e(sed pre3ises 4Rollo, Annex SAS, p. ,85. @or 1(i2ure o1 petitioner to 0o3p2/ <it6 t6e de3(nd, priv(te respondent 1i2ed ( 0o3p2(int 1or eJe0t3ent 4!ivi2 !(se No. 8:L+8L5 <it6 t6e Metropo2it(n ri(2 !ourt o1 M(ni2(, Br(n06 PII (.(inst t6e petitioner 0itin. (s .round t6ere1or t6e provisions o1 B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,>, Se0tion >, <6i06 is t6e un(ut6ori=ed su9-2e(sin. o1 p(rt o1 t6e 2e(sed pre3ises to t6ird persons <it6out se0urin. t6e 0onsent o1 t6e 2essor <it6in t6e reEuired sixt/ 4?85-d(/ period 1ro3 t6e pro3u2.(tion o1 t6e ne< 2(< 4B.P. ,>5. 4Rollo, Petition, p. L5. A1ter tri(2, t6e 0ourt a =uo rendered its de0ision orderin. petitioner (nd (22 persons 02(i3in. possession under 6er 4(5 to v(0(te t6e pre3ises (22uded to in t6e 0o3p2(intI 495 to re3ove <6(tever i3prove3ent s6e introdu0ed on t6e propert/I 405 to p(/ priv(te respondent t6e (3ount o1 P,,888.88 (s (ttorne/Ts 1eesI (nd 4d5 to p(/ t6e 0osts 4Rollo, Annex SAS, p. )+5. Petitioner (ppe(2ed t6e de0ision to t6e Re.ion(2 ri(2 !ourt (nd on Nove39er ,:, )+L8, presidin. Jud.e o1 t6e R !, t6e $on. S(3i2o B(r2on.(/, (11ir3ed in toto t6e de0ision o1 t6e Metropo2it(n ri(2 !ourt 4Rollo, Annex SAS, p. )+5. 6e de0ision o1 t6e Re.ion(2 ri(2 !ourt <(s (ppe(2ed to t6e !ourt o1 Appe(2s 1or revie<. 6e respondent !ourt o1 Appe(2s rendered its de0ision d(ted &(nu(r/ ,L, )+L*, t6e dispositive portion o1 <6i06 re(ds (s 1o22o<s: PREMISES !ONSI'ERE', t6e petition not 9ein. prima facie 3eritorious, t6e s(3e is outri.6t dis3issed. SO OR'ERE'. 4Rollo, Annex SAS, p. ,)5 $en0e, t6e petition 1or revie< on certiorari. 6e prin0ip(2 issue in t6is 0(se is <6et6er or not t6e 2e(se o1 (n (p(rt3ent in02udes ( su92e(se o1 t6e 2ot on <6i06 it is 0onstru0ted, (s <ou2d 0onstitute ( .round 1or eJe0t3ent under B(t(s P(39(ns( B#.. ,>. Petitioner is o1 t6e vie< t6(t B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> is not (pp2i0(92e 9e0(use <6(t s6e 2e(sed <(s 6er o<n (p(rt3ent 6ouse <6i06 does not in02ude ( su92e(se o1 t6e 2ot s6e 2e(sed 1ro3 priv(te respondent on <6i06 t6e (p(rt3ent is 0onstru0ted. PetitionerTs 0ontention is unten(92e. 6is issue 6(s (2re(d/ 9een 2(id to rest in t6e 0(se o1 /uellome v. +otico 4* S!RA L:) C)+?7D5 <6ere t6is !ourt ru2ed t6(t t6e 2e(se o1 ( 9ui2din. n(tur(22/ in02udes t6e 2e(se o1 t6e 2ot, (nd t6e rent(2s o1 t6e 9ui2din. in02udes t6ose o1 t6e 2ot. 6us: . . . t6e 2e(se o1 ( 9ui2din. <ou2d n(tur(22/ in02ude t6e 2e(se o1 t6e 2ot (nd t6(t t6e rent(2s o1 t6e 9ui2din. in02ude t6e rent(2s o1 t6e 2ot. @urt6er3ore, under our !ivi2 !ode, t6e o00up(n0/ o1 ( 9ui2din. or 6ouse not on2/ su..ests 9ut i3p2ies t6e ten(n0/ or possession in 1(0t o1 t6e 2(nd on <6i06 t6e/ (re 0onstru0ted. 6is is not ( ne< pronoun0e3ent. An extensive e2(9or(tion o1 t6is ru2e <(s dis0ussed 9/ t6is !ourt in t6e 0(se o1 $a=uiran9 et al.9 v. $a=uiran9 et al., >7 O.G. p. ))78. . . . t6e !ourt o1 Appe(2s s6ou2d 6(ve 1ound t6e 6erein (ppe22ees 2essees o1 t6e 6ouse, (nd 1or (22 2e.(2 purposes, o1 t6e 2ot on <6i06 it <(s 9ui2t (s <e22. But petitioner insists t6(t t6e ru2in. in t6e (1ore0ited 0(se is not (pp2i0(92e to t6e 0(se (t 9(r 9e0(use t6e 1or3er is ( d(3(.e suit <6i2e t6e 2(tter is (n eJe0t3ent 0(se.06 Be t6(t (s it 3(/, t6is !ourt 6(s 0(te.ori0(22/ (ns<ered in t6e (11ir3(tive, t6e prin0ip(2 Euestion, 0o33on to 9ot6 0(ses (nd on <6i06 rests t6e reso2ution o1 t6e issues invo2ved t6erein. Under t6e (9ove ru2in. it is 9e/ond dispute t6(t petitioner in 2e(sin. 6er (p(rt3ent

6(s (2so su92e(sed t6e 2ot on <6i06 it is 0onstru0ted <6i06 2ot 9e2on.s to priv(te respondent. !onseEuent2/, s6e 6(s vio2(ted t6e provisions o1 Se0tion >, B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> <6i06 is ( .round 1or EJe0t3ent. Se0tion > o1 B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> enu3er(tes t6e .rounds 1or Judi0i(2 eJe0t3ent, (3on. <6i06 is t6e su92e(sin. o1 residenti(2 units <it6out t6e <ritten 0onsent o1 t6e o<nerK2essor, to <it: Se0. > Grounds 1or Judi0i(2 eJe0t3ent. EJe0t3ent s6(22 9e (22o<ed on t6e 1o22o<in. .rounds: (5 Su92e(sin. or (ssi.n3ent o1 2e(se o1 residenti(2 units in <6o2e or in p(rt, <it6 t6e <ritten 0onsent o1 t6e o<nerK2essor: Provided t6(t in t6e 0(se o1 su92e(ses or (ssi.n3ents exe0uted prior to t6e (pprov(2 o1 t6is A0t, t6e su92essorK(ssi.nor s6(22 6(ve sixt/ d(/s 1ro3 t6e e11e0tivit/ o1 t6is A0t <it6in <6i06 to o9t(in t6e <ritten (pprov(2 o1 t6e o<nerK2essor or ter3in(te t6e su92e(se or (ssi.n3ent. Se0tion ,495 o1 B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> de1ines t6e ter3 residenti(2 unit (s 1o22o<s: Se0. ,. /efinition of ,erms - Un2ess ot6er<ise indi0(ted <6erever in t6is A0t, t6e 1o22o<in. s6(22 6(ve t6e 1o22o<in. 3e(nin.: 9. % residential unit - re1ers to (n (p(rt3ent, 6ouse (ndKor 2(nd on <6i06 (not6erTs d<e22in. is 2o0(ted used 1or residenti(2 purposes (nd s6(22 in02ude not on2/ 9ui2din.s, p(rts or units t6ereo1 used so2e2/ (s d<e22in. p2(0es, ex0ept 3ote2s, 3ote2 roo3s, 6ote2s, 6ote2 roo3s, 9o(rdin. 6ouses, dor3itories, roo3s (nd 9edsp(0es 1or rent, 9ut (2so t6ose used 1or 6o3e industries, ret(i2 stores, or ot6er 9usiness purposes i1 t6e o<ner t6ereo1 (nd 6is 1(3i2/ (0tu(22/ 2ive t6erein (nd use it prin0ip(22/ 1or d<e22in. purposes: . . . Petitioner (r.ued 1urt6er t6(t B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> 0(nnot 9e (pp2ied in t6is 0(se 9e0(use t6ere is ( per1e0ted 0ontr(0t o1 2e(se <it6out (n/ express pro6i9ition on su92e(sin. <6i06 6(d 9een in e11e0t 9et<een petitioner (nd priv(te respondent 2on. 9e1ore t6e en(0t3ent o1 B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,>. 6ere1ore, t6e (pp2i0(tion o1 s(id 2(< to t6e 0(se (t 9(r is un0onstitution(2 (s (n i3p(ir3ent o1 t6e o92i.(tion o1 0ontr(0ts. It is <e22 sett2ed t6(t (22 presu3ptions (re indu2.ed in 1(vor o1 0onstitution(2it/I one <6o (tt(0As ( st(tute, (22e.in. un0onstitution(2it/ 3ust prove its inv(2idit/ 9e/ond ( re(son(92e dou9t 4%i0tori(no v. E2i=(2de Rope ForAersT Union, >+ S!RA >: C)+*:D5. In 1(0t, t6is !ourt does not de0ide Euestions o1 ( 0onstitution(2 n(ture un2ess t6(t Euestion is proper2/ r(ised (nd presented in (ppropri(te 0(ses (nd is ne0ess(r/ to ( deter3in(tion o1 t6e 0(se, i.e., t6e issue o1 0onstitution(2it/ 3ust 9e t6e ver/ lis mota presented 4 ropi0(2 $o3es, In0. v. N(tion(2 $ousin. Aut6orit/, )>, S!RA >:8 C)+L*D5. In (n/ event, it is no< 9e/ond Euestion t6(t t6e 0onstitution(2 .u(r(nt/ o1 non-i3p(ir3ent o1 o92i.(tions o1 0ontr(0t is 2i3ited 9/ (nd su9Je0t to t6e exer0ise o1 po2i0e po<er o1 t6e st(te in t6e interest o1 pu92i0 6e(2t6, s(1et/, 3or(2s (nd .ener(2 <e21(re 4H(9i2in., et (2. v. N(tion(2 $ousin. Aut6orit/, )>? S!RA ?,7 C)+L*D5. In spite o1 t6e 0onstitution(2 pro6i9ition, t6e St(te 0ontinues to possess (ut6orit/ to s(1e.u(rd t6e vit(2 interests o1 its peop2e. #e.is2(tion (ppropri(te to s(1e.u(rdin. s(id interest 3(/ 3odi1/ or (9ro.(te 0ontr(0ts (2re(d/ in e11e0t 4%i0tori(no v. E2i=(2de Rope ForAersT Union, et (2., supra5. In 1(0t, ever/ 0ontr(0t (11e0tin. pu92i0 interest su11ers ( 0on.enit(2 in1ir3it/ in t6(t it 0ont(ins (n i3p2ied reserv(tion o1 t6e po2i0e po<er (s ( postu2(te o1 t6e existin. 2e.(2 order. 6is po<er 0(n 9e (0tiv(ted (t (n/ti3e to 06(n.e t6e provisions o1 t6e 0ontr(0t, or even (9ro.(te it entire2/, 1or t6e pro3otion or prote0tion o1 t6e .ener(2 <e21(re. Su06 (n (0t <i22 not 3i2it(te (.(inst t6e i3p(ir3ent 02(use, <6i06 is su9Je0t to (nd 2i3ited 9/ t6e p(r(3ount po2i0e po<er 4%i22(nuev( v. !(st(Red(, )>: S!RA ):, C)+L*D5. B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,>, SAn A0t Re.u2(tin. Rent(2s o1 '<e22in. Units or o1 #(nd On F6i06 Anot6erTs '<e22in. is #o0(ted (nd @or Ot6er PurposesS s6o<s t6(t t6e su9Je0t 3(tter o1 t6e 2(< is t6e re.u2(tion o1 rent(2s (nd is intended on2/ 1or d<e22in. units <it6 spe0i1ied 3ont62/ rent(2s 0onstru0ted 9e1ore t6e 2(< 9e0(3e e11e0tive 4B(ens v. !ourt o1 Appe(2s, ),> S!RA ?7: C)+L7D5.06( B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> is derived 1ro3 P.'. No. ,8 <6i06 6(s 9een de02(red 9/ t6is !ourt (s ( po2i0e po<er 2e.is2(tion, (pp2i0(92e to 2e(ses entered into prior to &u2/ ):, )+*) 4e11e0tivit/ d(te o1 RA ?>7+5, so t6(t t6e (pp2i0(9i2it/ t6ereo1 to existin. 0ontr(0ts 0(nnot 9e denied 4Gutierre= v. !(nt(d(, +8 S!RA ) C)+*+D5. @in(22/, petitioner invoAes, (3on. ot6ers, t6e pro3otion o1 so0i(2 Justi0e po2i0/ o1 t6e Ne< !onstitution. #iAe P.'. No. ,8, t6e o9Je0tive o1 B(t(s P(39(ns( B2.. ,> is to re3ed/ t6e p2i.6t o1 2essees, 9ut su06 o9Je0tive is not su9Je0t to exp2oit(tion 9/ t6e 2essees 1or <6ose 9ene1it t6e 2(< <(s en(0ted. 6us, t6e pro6i9ition provided 1or in t6e 2(< (.(inst t6e su92e(se o1 t6e pre3ises <it6out t6e 0onsent o1 t6e o<ner. As enun0i(ted 9/ t6is !ourt, it 3ust 9e re3e39ered t6(t so0i(2 Justi0e 0(nnot 9e invoAed to tr(3p2e on t6e ri.6ts o1 propert/ o<ners, <6o under our !onstitution (nd 2(<s (re (2so entit2ed to prote0tion. 6e so0i(2 Justi0e 0onse0r(ted in our !onstitution <(s not intended to t(Ae (<(/ ri.6ts 1ro3 ( person (nd .ive t6e3 to (not6er <6o is not entit2ed t6ereto 4S(2on.( v. @(rr(2es, )8> S!RA 7?8 C)+L)D5. F$ERE@ORE, t6e Petition is 'enied 1or 2(0A o1 3erit (nd t6e (ss(i2ed de0ision o1 t6e !ourt o1 Appe(2s is A11ir3ed. SO OR'ERE'. +utierre"9 Jr.9 /avide9 Jr. and Romero9 JJ.9 concur. Feliciano9 J.9 is on leave. Cit"tio . ,?, U.S. 7+8,:7 S. !t. ?,>,?* #. Ed. )8:,,)+,7 U.S. B&i$( F"0t S311"&4. P2(inti11 <(s 0onvi0ted 1or te(06in. ( 06i2d Ger3(n under ( Ne9r(sA( st(tute t6(t out2(<ed t6e te(06in. o1 1orei.n 2(n.u(.es to students t6(t 6(d not /et 0o3p2eted t6e ei.6t6 .r(de. S4 o@sis o( R3%$ o( L"2. 6e @ourteent6 A3end3ent pro6i9its st(tes 1ro3 0re(tin. 2e.is2(tion t6(t restri0ts 2i9ert/ interests <6en t6e 2e.is2(tion is not re(son(92/ re2(ted to (n (00ept(92e st(te o9Je0tive.

F"0ts. P2(inti11 <(s 0onvi0ted 1or te(06in. ( 06i2d Ger3(n under ( Ne9r(sA( st(tute t6(t out2(<ed t6e te(06in. o1 1orei.n 2(n.u(.es to students t6(t 6(d not /et 0o3p2eted t6e ei.6t6 .r(de. 6e Supre3e !ourt o1 Ne9r(sA( up6e2d t6e 0onvi0tion. Iss3$. 'oes t6e st(tute (s 0onstrued (nd (pp2ied unre(son(92/ in1rin.e on t6e 2i9ert/ .u(r(nteed 9/ t6e @ourteent6 A3end3entQ ,$%'. 6e st(tute (s (pp2ied is un0onstitution(2 9e0(use it in1rin.es on t6e 2i9ert/ interests o1 t6e p2(inti11 (nd 1(i2s to re(son(92/ re2(te to (n/ end <it6in t6e 0o3peten0/ o1 t6e st(te. 6e @ourteent6 A3end3ent en0o3p(sses 3ore t6(n 3ere2/ t6e 1reedo3 1ro3 9odi2/ restr(int. 6e st(te (r.ues t6(t t6e purpose o1 t6e st(tute is to en0our(.e t6e En.2is6 2(n.u(.e to 9e t6e n(tive ton.ue o1 (22 06i2dren r(ised in t6e st(te. Nonet6e2ess, t6e prote0tion o1 t6e !onstitution extends to t6ose <6o spe(A ot6er 2(n.u(.es. Edu0(tion is ( 1und(3ent(2 2i9ert/ interest t6(t 3ust 9e prote0ted, (nd 3ere Ano<2ed.e o1 t6e Ger3(n 2(n.u(.e 0(nnot 9e re(son(92/ re.(rded (s 6(r31u2. Dis03ssio . #i9ert/ interests 3(/ not 9e inter1ered <it6 9/ t6e st(tes <6en t6e inter1eren0e is (r9itr(r/ (nd not re(son(92/ re2(ted to ( purpose <6i06 t6e st(te 3(/ per3issive2/ re.u2(te. D$@"&t1$ t o( E'30"tio )s. S" Di$!o G.R. No. 79-72, D$0$1?$& 21, 1979 6e issue 9e1ore us is 3edio0rit/. 6e Euestion is <6et6er ( person <6o 6(s t6ri0e 1(i2ed t6e N(tion(2 Medi0(2 Ad3ission est 4NMA 5 is entit2ed to t(Ae it (.(in. 6e petitioner 0ontends 6e 3(/ not, under its ru2e t6(t- A student s6(22 9e (22o<ed on2/ 7 06(n0es to t(Ae t6e NMA . A1ter 7 su00essive 1(i2ures, ( student s6(22 not 9e (22o<ed to t(Ae t6e NMA 1or t6e 1ourt6 ti3e. 6e priv(te respondent insists 6e 0(n, on 0onstitution(2 .rounds. F"0ts/ Priv(te respondent is ( .r(du(te o1 t6e Universit/ o1 t6e E(st <it6 ( de.ree o1 BS "oo2o./. 6e petitioner 02(i3s t6(t 6e tooA t6e NMA 7 ti3es (nd 12unAed it (s 3(n/ ti3es. F6en 6e (pp2ied to t(Ae it (.(in, t6e petitioner reJe0ted 6is (pp2i0(tion on t6e 9(sis o1 t6e (1ores(id ru2e. $e t6en <ent to t6e R ! o1 %(2en=ue2( to 0o3pe2 6is (d3ission to t6e test. In 6is ori.in(2 petition 1or 3(nd(3us, 6e 1irst invoAed 6is 0onstitution(2 ri.6ts to (0(de3i0 1reedo3 (nd Eu(2it/ edu0(tion. B/ (.ree3ent o1 t6e p(rties, t6e priv(te respondent <(s (22o<ed to t(Ae t6e NMA s06edu2ed on Apri2 )?, )+L+, su9Je0t to t6e out0o3e o1 6is petition. In (n (3ended petition 1i2ed <it6 2e(ve o1 0ourt, 6e sEu(re2/ 06(22en.ed t6e 0onstitution(2it/ o1 ME!S Order No. ),, Series o1 )+*,, 0ont(inin. t6e (9ove-0ited ru2e. 6e (ddition(2 .rounds r(ised <ere due pro0ess (nd eEu(2 prote0tion. Iss3$/ F6et6er or not t6ere <(s ( vio2(tion o1 t6e !onstitution on (0(de3i0 1reedo3, due pro0ess (nd eEu(2 prote0tion. ,$%'/ No. 6e 0ourt up6e2d t6e 0onstitution(2it/ o1 t6e NMA (s ( 3e(sure intended to 2i3it t6e (d3ission to 3edi0(2 s06oo2s on2/ to t6ose <6o 6(ve initi(22/ proved t6eir 0o3peten0e (nd prep(r(tion 1or ( 3edi0(2 edu0(tion. R"tio/ F6i2e ever/ person is entit2ed to (spire to 9e ( do0tor, 6e does not 6(ve ( 0onstitution(2 ri.6t to 9e ( do0tor. 6is is true o1 (n/ ot6er 0(22in. in <6i06 t6e pu92i0 interest is invo2vedI (nd t6e 02oser t6e 2inA, t6e 2on.er t6e 9rid.e to oneTs (39ition. 6e St(te 6(s t6e responsi9i2it/ to 6(rness its 6u3(n resour0es (nd to see to it t6(t t6e/ (re not dissip(ted or, no 2ess <orse, not used (t (22. 6ese resour0es 3ust 9e (pp2ied in ( 3(nner t6(t <i22 9est pro3ote t6e 0o33on .ood <6i2e (2so .ivin. t6e individu(2 ( sense o1 s(tis1(0tion. 6e !ourt 1ee2s t6(t it is not enou.6 to si3p2/ invoAe t6e ri.6t to Eu(2it/ edu0(tion (s ( .u(r(ntee o1 t6e !onstitution: one 3ust s6o< t6(t 6e is entit2ed to it 9e0(use o1 6is prep(r(tion (nd pro3ise. 6e priv(te respondent 6(s 1(i2ed t6e NMA 1ive ti3es. F6i2e 6is persisten0e is note<ort6/, to s(/ t6e 2e(st, it is 0ert(in2/ 3isp2(0ed, 2iAe ( 6ope2ess 2ove. No depre0i(tion is intended or 3(de (.(inst t6e priv(te respondent. It is stressed t6(t ( person <6o does not Eu(2i1/ in t6e NMA is not (n (9so2ute in0o3petent un1it 1or (n/ <orA or o00up(tion. 6e on2/ in1eren0e is t6(t 6e is ( pro9(92/ 9etter, not 1or t6e 3edi0(2 pro1ession, 9ut 1or (not6er 0(22in. t6(t 6(s not ex0ited 6is interest. In t6e 1or3er, 6e 3(/ 9e ( 9un.2er or (t 2e(st 2(0A2usterI in t6e 2(tter, 6e is 3ore 2iAe2/ to su00eed (nd 3(/ even 9e outst(ndin.. It is 1or t6e (ppropri(te 0(22in. t6(t 6e is entit2ed to Eu(2it/ edu0(tion 1or t6e 1u22 6(rnessin. o1 6is potenti(2s (nd t6e s6(rpenin. o1 6is 2(tent t(2ents to<(rd <6(t 3(/ even 9e ( 9ri22i(nt 1uture. Fe 0(nnot 6(ve ( so0iet/ o1 sEu(re pe.s in round 6o2es, o1 dentists <6o s6ou2d never 6(ve 2e1t t6e 1(r3 (nd en.ineers <6o s6ou2d 6(ve studied 9(nAin. (nd te(06ers <6o 0ou2d 9e 9etter (s 3er06(nts. It is ti3e indeed t6(t t6e St(te tooA de0isive steps to re.u2(te (nd enri06 our s/ste3 o1 edu0(tion 9/ dire0tin. t6e student to t6e 0ourse 1or <6i06 6e is 9est suited (s deter3ined 9/ initi(2 tests (nd ev(2u(tions. Ot6er<ise, <e 3(/ 9e Ss<(3ped <it6 3edio0rit/,S in t6e <ords o1 &usti0e $o23es, not 9e0(use <e (re 2(0Ain. in inte22i.en0e 9ut 9e0(use <e (re ( n(tion o1 3is1its. An)ara vs, 'le toral Commission 7> P3(L ?@> FACTS/ In t6e e2e0tions o1 Sept. )*, )+7>, petitioner &ose A. An.(r( (nd t6e respondents Pedro Ynsu(, Mi.ue2 !(sti22o, (nd 'ionisio M(/or <ere 0(ndid(tes voted 1or t6e position o1 3e39ers o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ 1or t6e 1irst distri0t o1 (/(9(s. On O0t. *, )+7>, t6e provin0i(2 9o(rd o1 0(nv(ssers pro02(i3ed An.(r( (s 3e39er-e2e0t o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ (nd on Nov. )>, )+7>, 6e tooA 6is o(t6 o1 o11i0e. On 'e0. 7, )+7>, t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ p(ssed Reso2ution No. L, <6i06 in e11e0t, 1ixed t6e 2(st d(te to 1i2e e2e0tion protests. On 'e0. L, )+7>, Ynsu( 1i2ed 9e1ore t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission ( SMotion o1 ProtestS (.(inst An.(r( (nd pr(/in., (3on. ot6er t6in.s, t6(t Ynsu( 9e n(3edKde02(red e2e0ted Me39er o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ or t6(t t6e e2e0tion o1 s(id position 9e nu22i1ied. On 'e0. +, )+7>, t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission (dopted ( reso2ution 4No. ?5 st(tin. t6(t 2(st d(/ 1or 1i2in. o1 protests is on 'e0. +. An.(r( 0ontended t6(t t6e !onstitution 0on1ers ex02usive Jurisdi0tion upon t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission so2e2/ (s re.(rds t6e 3erits o1 0ontested e2e0tions to t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ (nd t6e Supre3e !ourt t6ere1ore 6(s no Jurisdi0tion to 6e(r t6e 0(se. ISS*ES/ 4)5 F6et6er or not t6e Supre3e !ourt 6(s Jurisdi0tion over t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ision (nd t6e su9Je0t 3(tter o1 t6e 0ontrovers/ upon t6e 1ore.oin. re2(ted 1(0ts, (nd in t6e (11ir3(tive, 4,5 F6et6er or not t6e s(id E2e0tor(2 !o33ission (0ted <it6out or in ex0ess o1

its Jurisdi0tion in (ssu3in. to t(Ae 0o.ni=(n0e o1 t6e protest 1i2ed (.(inst t6e e2e0tion o1 t6e 6erein petitioner not<it6st(ndin. t6e previous 0on1ir3(tion o1 su06 e2e0tion 9/ reso2ution o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ R*LING/ On t6e issue o1 Jurisdi0tion o1 t6e Supre3e !ourt 6e sep(r(tion o1 po<ers is ( 1und(3ent(2 prin0ip2e o1 ( s/ste3 o1 .overn3ent. It o9t(ins not t6rou.6 ( sin.2e provision 9ut 9/ (0tu(2 division in our !onstitution t6(t e(06 dep(rt3ent o1 t6e .overn3ent 6(s ex02usive 0o.ni=(n0e o1 3(tters <it6in its Jurisdi0tion, (nd is supre3e <it6in its o<n sp6ere. But it does not 1o22o< 1ro3 t6(t 1(0t t6(t t6e t6ree po<ers (re to 9e Aept sep(r(te (nd t6(t t6e !onstitution intended t6e3 to 9e (9so2ute2/ restr(ined (nd independent o1 e(06 ot6er. 6e !onstitution 6(s provided 1or (n e2(9or(te s/ste3 o1 06e0As (nd 9(2(n0es to se0ure 0oordin(tion in t6e <orAin.s o1 t6e v(rious dep(rt3ents o1 t6e .overn3ent. In 0(se o1 0on12i0t, t6e Judi0i(2 dep(rt3ent is t6e on2/ 0onstitution(2 or.(n <6i06 0(n 9e 0(22ed upon to deter3ine t6e proper (22o0(tion o1 po<ers 9et<een t6e sever(2 dep(rt3ents (nd (3on. t6e inte.r(2 (nd 0onstituent units t6ereo1. As (n/ 6u3(n produ0tion, our !onstitution is o1 0ourse 2(0Ain. per1e0tion (nd per1e0t(9i2it/, 9ut (s 3u06 (s it <(s <it6in t6e po<er o1 our peop2e, (0tin. t6rou.6 t6eir de2e.(tes to so provide, t6(t instru3ent <6i06 is t6e expression o1 t6eir soverei.nt/ 6o<ever 2i3ited, 6(s est(92is6ed ( repu92i0(n .overn3ent intended to oper(te (nd 1un0tion (s ( 6(r3onious <6o2e, under ( s/ste3 o1 06e0As (nd 9(2(n0es (nd su9Je0t to t6e spe0i1i0 2i3it(tions (nd restri0tions provided in t6e s(id instru3ent. 6e !onstitution itse21 6(s provided 1or t6e instru3ent(2it/ o1 t6e Judi0i(r/ (s t6e r(tion(2 <(/. F6en t6e Judi0i(r/ 3edi(tes to (22o0(te 0onstitution(2 9ound(ries, it does not (ssert (n/ superiorit/ over t6e ot6er dep(rt3entsI it does not in re(2it/ nu22i1/ or inv(2id(te (n (0t o1 t6e 2e.is2(ture, 9ut on2/ (sserts t6e so2e3n (nd s(0red o92i.(tion (ssi.ned to it 9/ t6e !onstitution to deter3ine 0on12i0tin. 02(i3s o1 (ut6orit/ under t6e !onstitution (nd to est(92is6 1or t6e p(rties in (n (0tu(2 0ontrovers/ t6e ri.6ts <6i06 t6(t instru3ent se0ures (nd .u(r(ntees to t6e3. 6is is in trut6 (22 t6(t is invo2ved in <6(t is ter3ed SJudi0i(2 supre3(0/S <6i06 proper2/ is t6e po<er o1 Judi0i(2 revie< under t6e !onstitution. Even t6en, t6is po<er o1 Judi0i(2 revie< is 2i3ited to (0tu(2 0(ses (nd 0ontroversies to 9e exer0ised (1ter 1u22 opportunit/ o1 (r.u3ent 9/ t6e p(rties (nd 2i3ited 1urt6er to t6e 0onstitution(2 Euestion r(ised or t6e ver/ lis mota presented. !ourts (00ord t6e presu3ption o1 0onstitution(2it/ to 2e.is2(tive en(0t3ents, not on2/ 9e0(use t6e 2e.is2(ture is presu3ed to (9ide 9/ t6e !onstitution, 9ut (2so 9e0(use t6e Judi0i(r/ in t6e deter3in(tion o1 (0tu(2 0(ses (nd 0ontroversies 3ust respe0t t6e <isdo3 (nd Justi0e o1 t6e peop2e (s expressed t6rou.6 t6eir represent(tives in t6e exe0utive (nd 2e.is2(tive dep(rt3ents o1 .overn3ent. In t6e 0(se (t 9(r, 6ere is t6en presented (n (0tu(2 0ontrovers/ invo2vin. (s it does ( 0on12i0t o1 ( .r(ve 0onstitution(2 n(ture 9et<een t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ on t6e one 6(nd, (nd t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission on t6e ot6er. A2t6ou.6 t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 3(/ not 9e inter1ered <it6, <6en (nd <6i2e (0tin. <i6tin t6e 2i3its o1 its (ut6orit/, it does not 1o22o< t6(t it is 9e/ond t6e re(06 o1 t6e 0onstitution(2 3e06(nis3 (dopted 9/ t6e peop2e (nd t6(t it is not su9Je0t to 0onstitution(2 restri0tions. 6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission is not ( sep(r(te dep(rt3ent o1 t6e .overn3ent, (nd even i1 it <ere, 0on12i0tin. 02(i3s o1 (ut6orit/ under t6e 1und(3ent(2 2(< 9et<een dep(rt3ent(2 po<ers (nd (.en0ies o1 t6e .overn3ent (re ne0ess(ri2/ deter3ined 9/ t6e Judi0i(r/ in Justi0i(92e (nd (ppropri(te 0(ses. 6e 0ourt 6(s Jurisdi0tion over t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission (nd t6e su9Je0t 3(tter o1 t6e present 0ontrovers/ 1or t6e purpose o1 deter3inin. t6e 06(r(0ter, s0ope, (nd extent o1 t6e 0onstitution(2 .r(nt to t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission (s St6e so2e Jud.e o1 (22 0ontests re2(tin. to t6e e2e0tion, returns, (nd Eu(2i1i0(tions o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/.S On t6e issue o1 Jurisdi0tion o1 t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 6e 0re(tion o1 t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission <(s desi.ned to re3ed/ 0ert(in errors o1 <6i06 t6e 1r(3ers o1 our !onstitution <ere 0o.ni=(nt. 6e purpose <(s to tr(ns1er in its tot(2it/ (22 t6e po<ers previous2/ exer0ised 9/ t6e 2e.is2(ture in 3(tters pert(inin. to 0ontested e2e0tions o1 its 3e39ers, to (n independent (nd i3p(rti(2 tri9un(2. 6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission is ( 0onstitution(2 0re(tion, invested <it6 t6e ne0ess(r/ (ut6orit/ in t6e per1or3(n0e (nd exer0ise o1 t6e 2i3ited (nd spe0i1i0 1un0tion (ssi.ned to it 9/ t6e !onstitution. A2t6ou.6 it is not ( po<er in our trip(rtite s06e3e o1 .overn3ent, it is, to (22 intents (nd purposes, <6en (0tin. <it6in t6e 2i3its o1 its (ut6orit/, (n independent or.(n. 6e .r(nt o1 po<er to t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission to Jud.e (22 0ontests re2(tin. to t6e e2e0tion, returns, (nd Eu(2i1i0(tions o1 3e39ers o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/, is intended to 9e (s 0o3p2ete (nd uni3p(ired (s i1 it 6(d re3(ined ori.in(22/ in t6e 2e.is2(ture. 6e express 2od.in. o1 t6(t po<er in t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission is (n i3p2ied deni(2 in t6e exer0ise o1 t6(t po<er 9/ t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/. And t6us, it is (s e11e0tive ( restri0tion upon t6e 2e.is2(tive po<er (s (n express pro6i9ition in t6e !onstitution. 6e 0re(tion o1 t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 0(rried <it6 it ex ne0essit(te rei t6e po<er re.u2(tive in 06(r(0ter to 2i3it t6e ti3e <it6in <6i06 protests instru0ted to its 0o.ni=(n0e s6ou2d 9e 1i2ed. 6ere1ore, t6e in0ident(2 po<er to pro3u2.(te su06 ru2es ne0ess(r/ 1or t6e proper exer0ise o1 its ex02usive po<er to Jud.e (22 0ontests re2(tin. to t6e e2e0tion, returns, (nd Eu(2i1i0(tions o1 3e39ers o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/, 3ust 9e dee3ed 9/ ne0ess(r/ i3p2i0(tion to 6(ve 9een 2od.ed (2so in t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission. It (ppe(rs t6(t on 'e0. +, )+7>, t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 3et 1or t6e 1irst ti3e (nd (pproved ( reso2ution 1ixin. s(id d(te (s t6e 2(st d(/ 1or t6e 1i2in. o1 e2e0tion protests. F6en, t6ere1ore, t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ p(ssed its reso2ution o1 'e0. 7, )+7>, 0on1ir3in. t6e e2e0tion o1 t6e petitioner to t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/, t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 6(d not /et 3etI neit6er does it (ppe(r t6(t s(id 9od/ 6(d (0tu(22/ 9een or.(ni=ed.

F6i2e t6ere 3i.6t 6(ve 9een .ood re(son 1or t6e 2e.is2(tive pr(0ti0e o1 0on1ir3(tion o1 t6e e2e0tion o1 3e39ers o1 t6e 2e.is2(ture (t t6e ti3e t6e po<er to de0ide e2e0tion 0ontests <(s sti22 2od.ed in t6e 2e.is2(ture, 0on1ir3(tion (2one 9/ t6e 2e.is2(ture 0(nnot 9e 0onstrued (s deprivin. t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission o1 t6e (ut6orit/ in0ident(2 to its 0onstitution(2 po<er to 9e St6e so2e Jud.e o1 (22 0ontests...S, to 1ix t6e ti3e 1or t6e 1i2in. o1 s(id e2e0tion protests. ,ELD/ 6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission is (0tin. <it6in t6e 2e.iti3(te exer0ise o1 its 0onstitution(2 prero.(tive in (ssu3in. to t(Ae 0o.ni=(n0e o1 t6e protest 1i2ed 9/ t6e respondent, Pedro Ynsu( (.(inst 6e e2e0tion o1 t6e 6erein petitioner, &ose A. An.(r(, (nd t6(t t6e reso2ution o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/ on 'e0. 7, )+7>, 0(nnot in (n/ 3(nner to22 t6e ti3e 1or 1i2in. protest (.(inst t6e e2e0tion, returns, (nd Eu(2i1i0(tions o1 t6e 3e39ers o1 t6e N(tion(2 Asse392/, nor prevent t6e 1i2in. o1 protests <it6in su06 ti3e (s t6e ru2es o1 t6e E2e0tor(2 !o33ission 3i.6t pres0ri9e.