SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS

OINTMENTS

By Dr. MARY YOSRI

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Medicated Ointment

Fatty base (fatty substances)

Examples for fatty substances:

drug

(solid or liquid)
Cetyl alcohol Stearyl alcohol Cetostearyl alcohol Wool alcohol Wool fat Stearic acid .......................... Paraffin .......................... Oil .......................... Wax

Solid drugs ( not to be gritty) 1) Levigate with liquid fatty substance

or
2) Levigate with some of the melted base

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GENERAL METHOD

(25% EXCESS)
1. 2. 3.

4.

Preparation of the base. Preparation of the drug. Incorporation of the drug into base remove from water bath with continuous stirring until cold. ( not lumpy)
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 Wool Fat Hard Paraffin Soft Paraffin

10 gm 10 gm 10 gm

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 X 25/100 Zinc Oxide 10 gm .2.5 g Liquid Paraffin 10 gm .2.5 g /1.1 =2.3 ml Simple Ointment 80 gm .20 g 100 gm Fiat Unguentum, Mitte 20 g Uses: Antiseptic Calculations: Amount prepared = 20 + (20 x 25/100) = 25g Factor = 25/100 Simple ointment (= Paraffin ointment), EP: Rx Wool fat 10 g 6.66 g Hard paraffin 10 g . 6.66 g Soft paraffin 10 g . 6.66 g 30 Uses: An oleaginous ointment base and an emollient Calculations: Factor = 20/30
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Preparation 1. Preparation of the base In a porcelain dish, melt the wool fat, hard paraffin and soft paraffin on w.b. 2. Preparation of zinc oxide On a slab, levigate zinc oxide with liquid paraffin. 3. Incorporation of zinc oxide into the ointment Transfer the drug to the melted base 4. Remove from w.b with continuous stirring with pestle until cold.
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Add wool fat, hard paraffin, soft paraffin MELT

ZnO LEVIGATE Liquid paraffin

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Add wool fat, hard paraffin, soft paraffin MELT

ZnO LEVIGATE Liquid paraffin Triturate till COLD

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2. Compound benzoic acid ointment (Whitfield ointment), BP Rx Benzoic acid Salicylic acid
X 25/100

6g 3g

23 g Emulsifying oint. to 100 g .. Fiat Unguentum, Mitte 20 g Uses: Keratolytic Calculations: Amount prepared = 20 + 20 x 25/100 = 25g Factor = 25/100 Required amount of emulsifying ointment= 25-(1.5+0.75)= 22.75 23 g Preparation of Emulsifying ointment
Emulsifying Wax White Soft Paraffin Liquid Paraffin Calculations: required = 23 gm factor = 23/100 30 gm 50 gm 20 gm X 23/100

1.5 g 0.75 g 25 g

6.9 gm 11.5 gm 4.6 gm

prescribed= 100 gm

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Preparation 1. Preparation of the Emulsifying ointment (base) 20/100 Melt the required amount of the emulsifying wax, soft paraffin and liquid paraffin on w.b. 2. Preparation of the drug In paper, grind benzoic acid and salicylic acid with pestle. Put them On a slab 10/104 Levigate them with part of the melted base 3. Incorporation of the Drug into Base add them to the rest of the base 4. Remove from water bath with continuous stirring with pestle until cold.
X

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By the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:

- Calculate the amounts of different ingredients in prescriptions containing semisolids - Prepare plain (non- medicated) ointments - Incorporate insoluble drug(s) in an ointment

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