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If you are not familiar with choosing the right Power Protection system for your needs it can be a daunting and at times frustrating task. Over engineer the solution and it can be very expensive. Select a system that does not address all your identified power problems, or consider locally available resources, and you can so easily waste money.
For those unfamiliar in the selection process it is essential that you:
Know clearly your own requirements Know the right questions to ask of a potential supplier Know the advantages and disadvantages of the various design types
Sags: are short duration decreases in the mains supply voltage which generally last for several cycles. Formal Definition Voltage below 80 to 85% of rated RMS voltage for 2 or more cycles. Typical symptoms - Sensitive equipment can lock or hang causing data loss and system resets. Common Causes Heavy equipment turned on, starting large electrical motors, switching of the mains supply. Solutions - AC Voltage Stabiliser, AC Power Conditioner & Uninterruptible Power Supply.
To assist in ensuring that you are In the Know, and as a result are able to choose the most appropriate and cost efficient solution to solve your power quality problems, we offer advice and guidance on ten of the most frequently asked questions.
Brownouts
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Brownouts: are long term sags in the mains supply voltage which can last up to several days. Formal Definition A steady state of RMS voltage under nominal by a relatively constant percentage. Typical Symptoms -Equipment can reset or even shutdown.
Do you actually know the mains supply problems you are experiencing?
To indentify the most appropriate solution it is always recommended that you first identify exactly the problems you are experiencing. You may of course already have a good idea as to the problems being encountered. If not, it will be necessary to monitor the supply over a period of time to identify the types, duration and magnitude of power problems experienced. Power supply problems are caused by various sources, for example distribution network faults, system switching, weather and environmental conditions, heavy plant and equipment, or simply faulty hardware. Regardless of the cause of the problem, the resulting power quality issue will include one, or more, of the power problems detailed on the right and following page.
Common Causes Heavy equipment turned on, starting large electrical motors, switching of the mains supply or just low voltage output from the generating source. Solutions - AC Voltage Stabiliser, AC Power Conditioner & Uninterruptible Power Supply.
How do you determine the power sizing of the equipment you wish to protect?
You will need to check the rating of the equipment to be protected. Such ratings are normally quoted in Amps or kVA, and whether single or three phase. You will also need to determine the nominal voltage line to neutral and line to line if three phase, plus the frequency and power factor. Such information is usually shown on the rating plate attached to the equipment, otherwise you will need to consult the manufacturers of the equipment or take measurements. It is always recommended that you measure the loads true RMS value. When determining the total power rating for the solution you require do not forget to allow for possible future expansion of the load you wish to protect over the medium to long term.
Over-Voltage & Surges: are short duration increases in the mains supply voltage which generally Formal Definition Voltage above 110% of the rated voltage for 1 or more cycles. Typical Symptoms - When surges occur equipment can suffer from premature failure. The high voltage causes wear and tear and general component degradation. This is often unnoticeable until failure occurs. Unusual heat output can be an early sign of problems ahead. Common Causes Heavy equipment being turned Solutions - AC Voltage Stabiliser, AC Power Conditioner & Uninterruptible Power Supply.
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High Voltage Spikes: these are very fast high energy surges or spikes in voltage lasting only a few milliseconds. Formal Definition Rapid Voltage peak up to 6,000 volts with a duration of 100msec to a cycle. Typical Symptoms - Equipment can lock or hang, crash and even suffer damage which inevitably causes data loss and corruption.
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What exactly is the difference between a Voltage Stabilizer and Power Conditioner?
One of the most common questions we get asked is what exactly is the difference between a Voltage Stabiliser and an AC Power Conditioner. In essence both protect against voltage transients, spikes, sags and brownouts, but an AC Power Conditioner also offers additional protection against Electrical Noise and higher level defence against transients and spikes. In most cases an AC Power Conditioner (Power Line Conditioner) is simply a Voltage Stabiliser with the inclusion of an isolation transformer. When a good earth cannot be provided Common Mode Noise (E to L and E to N) can be a problem. With the inclusion of a shielded isolating transformer in a Power Conditioner, this interference will be suppressed to harmless levels. The output of an AC Power Conditioner is commonly referred to as a Clean supply. As you would expect an AC Power Conditioner is normally more expensive than a Voltage Stabilizer / Regulator.
Common Causes - Switching of equipment, especially heavy inductive loads, arcing faults or atmospheric electrical disturbance, such as lightning strikes and static discharges. Solutions - AC Voltage Stabiliser, AC Power Conditioner, Isolation Transformer, Uninterruptible Power Supply.
Electrical Noise
Electrical Noise: this is a high frequency noise either common or normal mode. Formal Definition Electrical noise is highfrequency interference on the incoming mains
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Why is determining the input voltage variation you are experiencing and output voltage accuracy required important?
Choosing a stabiliser with the right input variation capability is important because if its input voltage range is exceeded, then its output will increase or decrease by the same amount by which it has gone "out of limit". In situations where there is a good mains supply, a stabiliser offering an input variation swing of 15% (Our S15 models) will usually be more than acceptable, but in more remote locations, or countries where the national supply infrastructure is less developed, variations of 20% or greater may be needed to be accommodated by the stabiliser. As a general rule the greater the input voltage swing the stabiliser / conditioner needs to correct the greater the price. An output voltage to within 1% / 1.5% of the preset output voltage is the norm when specifying a Voltage Stabiliser or Power Conditioner. However if a lower output voltage accuracy can be accommodated by the load equipment, then the input voltage range can be extended proportionally. As the cost of the stabiliser is linked to the input voltage range it has to handle, accepting a lower output accuracy may prove to be a more economical solution.
Typical Symptoms - Processing errors, computer lock-up, burned circuit boards, degradation Common Causes Electric motors, relays, motor control devices, broadcast transmission Solutions - Isolation Transformer, AC Power Conditioner & Online Uninterruptible Power Sup-
Blackout and Mains Failures: when the mains supply fails completely this is known as a total Formal Definition Loss of incoming mains supply
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Are there any other factors you should consider when choosing a Voltage Stabiliser / Power Conditioner?
Input Output Circuit Breaker: We recommend the specifying of an input or output Circuit breaker which, in addition to giving over current protection, will trip if the output / input deviates above or below a preset level. Certain models in our ranges are supplied as standard with input circuit breakers and on others the facility is available as an option. Bypass Facility: You may also wish to consider fitting a bypass switch that will facilitate the inspection and maintenance by isolating the stabiliser and connecting your load directly to the mains supply. Certain models in our ranges are supplied as standard with an inbuilt bypass facility and on others we can supply suitable inbuilt or wall mountable external switches to requirements.
Computers
Lighting
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What are the differences and advantages to the various design technology used in Voltage Stabilisers and Power Conditioners?
For the lay person, differentiating between the various technologies employed to deliver voltage stabilisation can often be a daunting task and it is not always clear as to which technology is best for a particular application. As a leading manufacturer and supplier of Voltage Stabilizers and Power Conditioners, we offer a wide cross section of alternative design types.
Photographic Processing
Over voltage by 2% will significantly reduce tube Voltage rise during printing cycles will cause inferior results
X-Ray Equipment
When used at its maximum rating an XRay tube will be permanently damaged in the case of a 5% Over voltage will cause magnetic core saturation high current and overheating. Wear and distortion is increased.
Magnetic Equip- A 10% volt drop can cause ment relays / contactors to open chatter. Solenoids become sluggish and vibration will cause malfunctions and overInduction Heating Heat output is reduced by more than 20% on a 10% volt drop. A 10% volt drop will increase a welding cycle by 20% if weld quality is to be maintained.
Heat output varies approximately with the square of A 10% volt rise will overheat a weld, reducing quality and causing possible burn A 10% rise will considerably increase core losses and decrease efficiency A 10% volt rise causes higher starting current and reduces power factor by approxi-
Welding Equipment
High Voltage / Transient Spikes are normally limited by the inclusion of Spike Clippers. Such clippers typically limit transients to twice the peak voltage of the supply. To reduce the spikes to totally harmless levels it is often necessary to ask your supplier to fit additional Spike Attenuation protection. With Ashley Edison SES / PCS solutions this feature is supplied as standard. While Electronic Servo stabilisers do contain some moving parts, experience over the last 25 years in some of the most demanding power conditions has proved the design to be a very reliable method of delivering voltage regulation with only a low-level of ongoing maintenance required being deliverable by universally readily available skill sets. The long-life expectancy, compact size and low cost of ownership makes servoelectro mechanical stabilisers economical solutions for a wide variety of applications in industry, commerce, mining, aerospace, computing and telecommunications and is normally our recommended solution for most clients.
Transformers
AC Motors
A 10% volt drop reduces torque by approximately 18%. Motor life expectancy is reduced due to
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Design Advantages Size and weight advantages over other methods of stabilisation Fast speed of response to voltage changes ideal for most applications Very competitively priced Negligible output waveform distortion Not Frequency dependent Will attenuate voltage spikes if required Unaffected by load or power factor changes Low cost of ownership with ease of serviceability Endurable, with long life expectancy Due to the general popularity of this method of voltage stabilisation and the high demand for models between 1kVA and 500kVA it is often possible to purchase most standard SES S15 models from stock or, like larger models and those with wider input voltage swings, on short lead delivery times. Design Disadvantages Moving parts requiring limited maintenance Lower speed of response compared to solid state designs
OSES Series
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IP54 Outdoor
Output voltage accuracy better than 1 %, High weight to kVA ratio compared to typically 0.5% electronic servo designs No Moving parts virtually Maintenance Free High efficiency Not Frequency dependent Output voltage does not collapse on overload or sever input voltage drop Low output waveform distortion Unaffected by load or power factor changes Will attenuate voltage spikes if required
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Design Advantages High speed of response to voltage changes Output voltage does not collapse on overload or sever input voltage drop Attenuates voltage spikes Competitively priced AC Power Conditioning solution for ratings of 5 kVA or below No Moving parts virtually Maintenance Free Highly reliable with extremely high MTBF performance Inherent ride-through ability Endurable, with long life expectancy
Design Disadvantages Not generally competitive in ratings above 10 kVA High weight to kVA ratio compared to other stabilisation methods Frequency dependent not ideal for where severe frequency variations are an issue
TV, radio and telephone transmitters and relay stations, radar installations, navigational beacons etc, all need dependable power for reliable operation. Many such facilities are in remote locations, supplied over long lines or even from their own generators. Ashley-Edison units are in service worldwide - with communication networks, even national security, depending on them.
In Computers
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Computers and other electronic business systems are highly sensitive to power fluctuations. Even a brief voltage drop below design limits will upset logic circuits, bringing chaos to stored data, calculations etc. So the fast response Ashley Edison Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVRs) are playing a major role in computer applications around the world.
In Industry
Design Advantages Most competitive in price for 2 kVA and below High Efficiency Negligible output waveform distortion No Moving parts virtually Maintenance
Design Disadvantages Poor output voltage accuracy typically no better than 5% Generally / Historically deliver a low MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) Many processes and production lines slow down and even stop as a result of power problems. With just a simple voltage drop welding equipment produces faulty welds, ovens and furnaces take far longer to heat up, electroplating processes lose their efficiency and today's microprocessor controlled machine tools develop faults. All reasons why industrial plants worldwide look to Ashley-Edison for the solution to their power problems.
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When air-conditioning and refrigeration systems experience any form of power disturbance, even just a minor voltage fluctuation, impaired performance or often system shutdown is the end result. With such problems being of common concern, Ashley-Edison units are regularly relied upon to guarantee the availability of a clean and regulated power source.
In Research
Electronic instruments play a major role in laboratory work and their measuring accuracy depends totally on the quality of power they receive. An abrupt voltage drop from a factory process starting up nearby perhaps can invalidate the results from a costly research programme. Today many world research establishments depend on Ashley Edison for ensuring the quality of their power supply whether it be for a single instrument or an entire laboratory.
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