COMMON FASTENING TERMS

For Machine Threaded Fasteners we consider a bolt and screw to be the same, therefore we call them Bolt / Screws. Bolt An externally threaded fastener designed for insertion through holes in assembled parts and is normally intended to be tightened or released by torquing a nut. Screw Externally threaded fastener capable of being inserted into holes in assembled parts for mating with a preformed internal thread or forming its own thread, and of being tightened or released by torquing the head. Nut A block or sleeve having an internal thread designed to assemble with the external thread on a bolt, screw, stud or other threaded part.

COMMON FASTENING TERMS

Length

Bolt/Screw length from under head of bolt to end.

Portion of a bolt which lies under the head.

Distance, measured parallel to the thread axis, between adjacent thread forms.

Portion of a bolt/screw in which an assembly tool can be applied to the fastener.

The largest diameter of a screw thread.

Lead-In
Combined thickness of all parts clamped together including washers, gaskets and joint members. Not a full thread, the first thread and a half.

BOLT/SCREW HEAD MARKINGS (Metric)

S S

The above is the ultimate strength of a fastener, however, the design criteria for a fastener will always include a safety factor to prevent the fastener from going into yield. The head of a bolt/screw is marked with numbers that indicate material properties used to define basic mechanical properties. In particular, we are interested in determining a bolt/screws minimum ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, proof strength and shear strength. Multiply Material Strength by Appropriate Cross-Sectional Area - Thread Root Area (Ar) - Stress Area (As) X= Manufacturing Marking Bolt/Screw Min. Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) = XX * 100 * As KN Bolt/Screw Yield Strength (YS) Bolt/Screw Proof Strength (PS) Bolt/Screw Ultimate Shear Strength (USS) = UTS * .Y * As KN = YS * .9 * As KN = .62 * UTS * As KN (Unthreaded Body) = .47 * UTS * Ar KN (Threads) Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) Is calculated by taking the first number, XX, and multiplying by 100. Yield Strength (YS) Is obtained by taking the UTS and multiplying by the fractional portion of the head marking, Proof Strength (PS) Is always 90% of the Yield Strength. Ultimate Shear Strength (USB) Has two values depending on where the load is applied to the fastener, thru the unthreaded body or the threads, Shear Strength is calculated by multiplying the Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength by either the Tensile Stress Area or Thread Root Area depending on where the load is applied.
X

BOLT/SCREW STRENGTH

NUT HEAD MARKINGS

S S

Nut Strength Markings The only nut property we will be concerned with is Proof Load. Proof load for a nut is different than that of a bolt. Nut proof load is an axially applied load that the nut must support without evidence of thread stripping or rupture of its wall. After the load is applied, no thread binding should occur. Tests indicate that distortion to cause binding happens when the applied load is about 95% of thread strip out load.

Nut Proof Load Proof load of a nut is computed by multiplying the class marking stamped on the nut by 100, then multiplying by thread tensile stress area. Nut Proof Strength = Class * 100 * As Metric M* x 1.25 nut is marked with Class 9. Material Tensile Strength = 9 * 100 MPa = 900 MPa Nut Tensile Stress Area (As) = 36.6 mm2 Nut Proof Strength = 900 MPa * 3 6.6 mm2 = 33.0 kN

NUT STRENGTH INFORMATION

Nominal Thread Diameter and Pitch M06 X 1.00 MOB X 1.25 M l0 X 1.50 M12 X 1.75 M14 X 2.00 M16 X 2.00

Proof Strength (kN) Nut Class 9.0 10.0 18.5 20.9 33.7 38.0 53.4 60.3 77.6 87.7 105.8 119.6 144.4 163.3

DRIVE STYLES

HEX HEAD BOLT

HEX FLANGE HEAD

TYPE 1A (POZIDRIV)

EXTERNAL 6 LOBED SOCKET

6 LOBED SOCKET PREFERRED

SHANK STYLES

SHOULDER SHANK

REDUCED BODY

REDUCED SHANK

FULL SHANK (SHANK DIAMETER STAYS CONSTANT)

HEAD STYLES

PAN HEAD (FULL CONTOUR)

FILLISTER HEAD (FLAT TOP)

WAFER HEAD

HEX FLANGE HEAD

HEX HEAD

HEX WASHER HEAD

HEAVY HEX FLANGE BOLT

WASHER STYLES

FLAT WASHER

CONICAL WASHER

WAVE WASHER

NUTS

PUSH NUTS

U NUT

CLINCH NUT (NOT SET)

RIV NUT

HEX FLANGE NUT (WITH TOP-LOCK TORQUE PREVENTING FEATURE)

HEX NUT

HEX WELD NUT (WITH PILOT)

HEX NUT W/CAPTIVE WASHER (KEPS)

ROUND UNTHREADED WELD NUT

SOMBREO WELD NUT (USED FOR EXTREMELY HIGH LOADS)

PILOTED WELD NUT

SCREWS

PLASTIC TAPPING SCREW (DELTA PT)

THREAD FORMING SHOULDER SCREW (TRILOBE SHAPE)

METAL TAPPING SCREW (COARSE THREADED)

BOLT/SCREW MACHINE (WASHER ASSEMBLY (SEMS))

RIVET

SELF-PIERCING RIVET

SOLID RIVET

BREAK STEM RIVET

STUDS - CLINCH

DOUBLE ENDED CLINCH STUD

CLINCH STUD (SELF PIERCING)

CLINCH BALL STUD

STRUX

CLINCH STUD (NOT SET)

STUDS - WELD

CD WELD STUD (SURFACE WELDED)

WELD STUD (TYPE U3)

STUDS - OTHER

QUICKY STUD (ATTACHED IN A KEYHOLE SLOT)

DOUBLE ENDED STUD

RIV STUD (SET FROM FRONT OF PANEL)

MISCELLANEOUS - COST SAVINGS

SPACER (COLDHEADED-COST SAVINGS OVER MACHINED SPACERS)

CLINCH NUT (PIERCING 4 LAYERS OF METAL TO FORM OWN HOLE. DONE IN PROGRESSIVE DIE.)

DOUBLE ENDED CLINCH STUD (ALSO USED AS DOUBLENDED PIVOT)

CLINCH NUT W/SHOULDER FOR PIVOT

DEEP DRAWN EXTRUSION USED AS A PIVOT

STEP SPACER (PIVOT) (COLDHEADED-COST SAVINGS OVER MACHINED SPACERS)

ROLL FORMING OF STEEL PARTS FOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS