Q

3.2 l/s
Desired concentration
50 mg/l
Initial concentration
225 mg/l
Exchanger :
282 meq/100 g
0.45 moisture
Qe = flow through the exchanger
Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger
Qe(0) + Qb ( 225) = (Qe+Qb)50
Qe =
175 Qb
50
Qe =
3.5 Qb
Qb =
0.286 Qe
Qe + Qb =
4.5 Qb =
Qb =
Qe =

3.2
3.2
0.71
2.49

l/s
l/s
l/s
l/s

Hardness of well water in meq/L =

=

4.5 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

=
2.49 l/s *
= 6773760 meq
= 6773760 meq x
=
moisture =
=
=

225 mg/L
50 meq/50

86400 sec/day *
100 g
282 meq

2402 kg dry weight

0.45
2402 * 1 / ( 1 0.45 )
4367 kg moist weight

7 days *

4.5

meq/L

Desired concentration
Initial concentration

50 mg/l
195 mg/l

Qe = flow through the exchanger

Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger
Qe(0) + Qb ( 195) = (Qe+Qb)50
Qe =
145 Qb
50
Qe =
2.9 Qb
Qb =
0.345 Qe
Qe + Qb =
3.9 Qb =
Qb =
Qe =

2.56
3.2
0.82
2.38

l/s
l/s
l/s
l/s

2.56

Hardness of well water in meq/L =

=

3.9 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

=
2.38 l/s *
= 5612544 meq
= 5612544 meq x
=
moisture =
=
=

195 mg/L
50 meq/50

86400 sec/day *
100 g
296 meq

1896 kg dry weight

0.45
1896 * 1 / ( 1 0.45 )
3448 kg moist weight

7 days *

3.9

meq/L

concentration
Q

3.37 meq/L
1.04 L/day

Reduced data from Breakthrough test

V
liters

C
mg/l
15.9
16.9
18.1
19.1
19.5
20
20.7
21.2
22
22.9
23.4
24
26

C
meq/L

4.45
9.85
17.16
27.56
40.03
49.56
62.9
68.89
86.41
94.03
98.17
102.93
107

C/Co
0.14
0.31
0.54
0.87
1.26
1.56
1.98
2.17
2.72
2.96
3.09
3.24
3.37

Co/C

0.041589
0.092056
0.160374
0.25757
0.374112
0.463178
0.58785
0.643832
0.80757
0.878785
0.917477
0.961963
1

Co/C - 1
24.04
10.86
6.24
3.88
2.67
2.16
1.70
1.55
1.24
1.14
1.09
1.04
1.00

ln Co/C-1

23.04
9.86
5.24
2.88
1.67
1.16
0.70
0.55
0.24
0.14
0.09
0.04
0.00

3.137446
2.288785
1.655449
1.058637
0.514616
0.147557
-0.35509
-0.59203
-1.4343
-1.98097
-2.40855
-3.23041
#NUM!

ln (Co/C - 1)
4
y = -0.7603x + 15.341
R = 0.9935

3
2
1

Co/C - 1

0
-1

10

15

20

25

30

-2
-3
-4

slope =
slope =
k=
k=
k=
k=

kC/Q
0.76
slope x Q / c
0.76 / liter x
1.04 L/day
----------------------------------------3.37 meq/L
0.23454 L/(day.meq) x
1000 meq/eq
234.5 L/(day.eq)

Linear (Co/C - 1)

intercept
b=

q=

q=
q=
q=

15.34 =b
kxqxM
----------------Q
b xQ
----------------kxM
15.34 x
1.04 L/day
------------------------------------234.5 L/(day.eq)
23.34 g/L
0.002914 eq/g
2.91 eq/kg

ln (Co/C -1) = kqM/Q - kCV/Q

Q
0.5 l/s
Desired concentration
2 mg/l
Initial concentration
20 mg/l
Exchanger :
50 mg/100 mg
0.5 moisture
Qe = flow through the exchanger
Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger
Qe(0) + Qb ( 20) = (Qe+Qb)1
Qe =
Qe =
Qb =
Qe + Qb =
10 Qb =
Qb =
Qe =

18 Qb
2
9 Qb
0.111 Qe
0.5
0.5
0.05
0.45

l/s
l/s
l/s
l/s

Fe removed in seven days is

=
0.45 l/s *
=
4898880 mg
Required ion excchanger
=
4898880
=
moisture =
=
=

86400 sec/day *

100 ion exchanger

50 mg removed

9.8 kg dry weight

0.50
10 * 1 / ( 1 0.50 )
20 kg moist weight

7 days *

18

mg/L

Desired concentration
Initial concentration
Efficiency of ion exchanger
Qe = flow through the exchanger
Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger

50 mg/l
195 mg/l
90 %

Qe(0.1*195) + Qb ( 195) = (Qe+Qb)50

Qe =
145 Qb
30.5
Qe = 4.754098 Qb
Qb =
0.210 Qe
Qe + Qb =
5.754098 Qb =
Qb =
Qe =

2.56
3.2
0.56
2.64

l/s
l/s
l/s
l/s

2.56

Hardness of well water in meq/L =

=

3.9 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

=
2.64 l/s *
= 6236160 meq
= 6236160 meq x
=
moisture =
=
=

moisture =
=
=

86400 sec/day *

7 days *

3.9

7 days *

90%
3.51

100 g
296 meq

2107 kg dry weight

0.45
2107 * 1 / ( 1 0.45 )
3831 kg moist weight

Hardness removed in seven days is

=
2.64 l/s *
= 5612544 meq
= 5612544 meq x
=

195 mg/L
50 meq/50

86400 sec/day *
100 g
296 meq

1896 kg dry weight

0.45
1896 * 1 / ( 1 0.45 )
3448 kg moist weight

meq/L

if eff. 100%

meq/L

if eff. 90%