Power Transmission and Distribution

High Voltage

Development

in AC & DC Transmission
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Power Transmission and Distribution

Worlds first steps towards Electrification

High Voltage

1879

Werner Wernervon vonSiemens Siemens invents inventsthe theDynamo: Dynamo: The TheKick-off Kick-offfor for Electrical ElectricalPower Power Supply Supply Worlds Worldsfirst firstelectric electricTrain Train in inBerlin, Berlin,with witha aGenerator Generator from fromSiemens Siemens

1866
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Power Transmission and Distribution

Next Steps - Power Delivery to Industrial and Private Customers

High Voltage

1885 1884

First FirstElectrical ElectricalSupply Supplyto to 28 28Private PrivateCustomers Customersin in Berlin Berlin via via a apublic public Power PowerPlant Plantdelivered deliveredby by Siemens Siemens

First FirstElectrical ElectricalSupply Supplyto to Industrial IndustrialCustomers Customersin in Berlin Berlin with withGenerators Generators from fromSiemens Siemens
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Power Transmission and Distribution

Now: Worlds first Steps towards DC and AC Long Distance Transmission

High Voltage

1945: DC
First Firstcommercial commercialDC DCTransmission Transmission by bySiemens Siemensand andAEG: AEG: 115 115 km km Cable, Cable, Mercury-Arc Mercury-Arcbased basedLink Linkwith with60 60MW MW// 200 200kV kVRatings, Ratings,ready readyfor for Commissioning, Commissioning,but butthen thentransported transportedto toRussia Russia

1891: AC
Oskar Oskarvon vonMiller Millerand andMichael Michaelv. v. Dolivo-Dobrowolski Dolivo-Dobrowolskiachieved achieveda a Breakthrough Breakthroughwith withthe thefirst firstThree-Phase Three-PhaseAC ACTransmission Transmission System System from from the the Hydropower HydropowerStation Stationin inthe theGerman Germantown townof ofLauffen Lauffen(by (bythe theRiver RiverNeckar), Neckar), covering coveringa aDistance Distance of of178 178 km kmwith with 25 25 kV kV to to Frankfurt Frankfurtam amMain Main

1882: DC
Worlds Worldsfirst firstDC DCTransmission TransmissionPrototype Prototype from from Miesbach Miesbachto to Munich Munich by byOskar Oskarvon vonMiller Millerand andMarcel MarcelDeprez: Deprez: 57 57 km, km, 1.4 1.4 kV kV
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Power Transmission and Distribution

Cahora Bassa: Worlds first Long-Distance OHL DC Transmission with Thyristors: 1,500 km
High Voltage

1977

Siemens, AEG & BBC

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Power Transmission and Distribution

Summary - Developments in HVDC Technology

High Voltage

HVDC HVDC-History History

First HVDC Installation 1882, 57 km (Miesbach - Mnchen), 1.4 kV 1890 - 1910, 70 - 200 km (various Installations), 6 - 60 kV, 4.5 MW Rotating Converters (Machines) Mercury-Arc Valves

By BySiemens Siemens and andAEG AEG

1935 - 1944, various Installations, B2B & LDT (30 km): near Hannover, at Henningsdorf, Wettingen-Zurich & Berlin; 50 - 100 kV, 1.5 - 40 MW 1945, 1st commercial Cable-HVDC, 115 km, Power Station Elbe/Elektrowerke AG-Bewag/Berlin, 200 kV, 60 MW. Was completed after the End of the 2nd World War, then however, transported to Russia as Sample for: - Prototype Installation Kashira-Moscow, 200 kV, 30 MW, 1951

1954, 100 km See Cable, Sweden-Gotland, 100 kV, 20 MW 1970 Pacific Intertie (Columbia River - Los Angeles), 1350 km, 400 kV, 1440 MW Thyristor Valves

By BySiemens, Siemens, AEG AEG& &BBC BBC

1970 Thyristor-Upgrade Sweden-Gotland, 150 kV, 30 MW 1977 Cahora Bassa - Worlds first Thyristor LDT with OHL (MozambiqueRSA, Songo-Johannesburg), 1500 km, 533 kV, 1920 MW
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Power Transmission and Distribution

Developments in FACTS Technology

High Voltage

FACTS FACTS--History History

1974 1st SVCs, Nebraska, USA, GE & 1975, Minnesota, Westinghouse* 1984 1st EHV FACTS (500 kV NGH, SSR-Damping), California, Siemens 1992 1st TCSC (for Load-Flow Control), Kayenta, Siemens 1995 1st STATCOM, Sullivan, USA, Westinghouse* 1998 1st UPFC, Inez, USA, Westinghouse* 2001 Worlds largest SFC, Richmond, USA, Siemens 2001/2003 1st CSC (Convertible Static Compensator), Marcy, USA, Siemens

* now * nowSiemens Siemens

Siemens Siemens- -aaLeader Leaderin inFACTS FACTSTechnology Technologysince sinceits itsearly earlyBeginning Beginning

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Power Transmission and Distribution

Overview - FACTS
High Voltage

FACTS FACTS--the themost mostcommon commonDevices Devices

FSC Fixed Series Compensation SVC Static Var Compensator TCSC/TPSC Thyristor Controlled/Protected Series Compensation STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator UPFC Unified Power Flow Controller S3C Solid-State Series Compensator CSC Convertible Synchronous Compensator

FACTS FACTS--Specific SpecificDevices Devices

SFC Static Frequency Converter TSBR Thyristor Switched Breaking Resistor TCVL Thyristor Controlled Voltage Limiter SMES Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (in combination with Power Electronics) SCCL Short-Circuit Current Limiter

Distribution DistributionFACTS FACTS--for forCustom CustomPower Power

DVR Dynamic Voltage Restorer DSTATCOM Distribution STATCOM

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Power Transmission and Distribution

FACTS & HVDC Overview of Functions & Ranking

High Voltage

Principle
Variation of the Line Impedance: Series Compensation

Devices
FSC
(Fixed Series Compensation)

Scheme

Impact on System Performance

Load Flow Stability Voltage Quality

TPSC
(Thryristor Protected Series Compensation)

TCSC
(Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation)

Voltage Control: Shunt Compensation

SVC
(Static Var Compensator)

STATCOM
(Static Synchronous Compensator)

Influence: *
no or low small medium strong

Load-Flow Control

HVDC (B2B, LDT) UPFC

(Unified Power Flow Controller)

* Based on Studies & practical Experience

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Power Transmission and Distribution

Impact of FACTS and HVDC on System Performance now in Details

High Voltage

FSC
Voltage Quality Load Flow Control
(Meshed System)

SVC/SVG
STATCOM

TCSC
GTO-CSC*

PST

UPFC

HVDC

Transient Stability
(Bulk Power System)

Oscillation Damping
(Transmission System)

Oscillation Damping
(Meshed System)

no or low influence small influence medium influence strong influence

*S3C Solid-State Series Compensator

FSC SVC/SVG TCSC PST UPFC STATCOM

Fixed Series Compensation Static Var Compensator/Generator Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation Phase Shifting Transformer Unified Power Flow Controller Static Synchronous Compensator
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Power Transmission and Distribution

FACTS & HVDC worldwide Example Siemens

High Voltage
Lamar 2004 Lugo 1985 Virginia Smith 1987 Inez 1998 Spring Valley 1986 2 Dominion 2003 2 Marcy 2001-2003 Rejsby Hede 1997 2 Pelham, 2 Harker, 2 Central, 1991-1994 Moyle MSC 2003 Siems 2004 Etzenricht 1993 Wien Sdost 1993 Ghusais, Hamria, Mankhool, Satwa 1997

Nine Mile 2005 Dayton 2005 Porter 2005 Paul Sweet 1998 2 Adelanto 1995 2 Midway 2004 3 Vincent 2000 Military Highway 2000 Eddy County 1992 La Pila 1999

Brushy Hill 1988 Willington 1997 3 Montagnais 1993 Chteauguay 1984 Sullivan 1995 Drnrohr 1983 Jacinto 2000

Hoya Morena, Welsh 1995 Jijona, 2004 Laredo 2000 Seguin 1998 Kayenta 1990 Cerro Gordo 1999 3 Juile 2002 P. Dutra 1997

2, 2 Gorakhpur 2, 2 Purnea

2006

Kanjin (Korea) 2002 2 Yangcheng 2000 2 Hechi 2003 2, 2 Tian Guang 2003 2 Gooty 2003 2 Chuddapah 2003

2 Tecali 2002 Chin 1998 Cano Limn 1997 Imperatriz 1999 Serra de Mesa 1999 Samambaia 2002 Acaray 1981

Baish 2003, Samitah 2004 Zem Zem 1983 K.I. North 2003

Fortaleza 1986

.
Kapal 1994

Milagres 1988 Campina Grande 2000 Funil 2001 Bom Jesus la Lapa 2002

2 Kemps Creek 1989

Maputo 2003

Jember 1994

Ibiuna 2002 Limpio 2003

Barberton 2003 Illovo Athene Impala 1994-1995

Atacama 1999

Muldersvlei 1997

Series FSC Status: 07-2004 NGH TPSC TCSC

Parallel SVC MSC/R STATCOM Flicker STATCOM

Load Flow B2B UPFC CSC

Plus 14 Projects for HVDCLong Distance Transmission

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