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Scientific name: Musa acuminata and Musa Plantains are hybrid bananas in which the male
balbisiana flowering axis is either degenerated, lacking, or
possesses only relicts of male flowers. Plantains are
Common names for banana: English - banana, always cooked before consumption and are higher in
plantain; Spanish - banano, platano, guineo, cambur starch than bananas. The two groups of plantains,
Common names for plantain: English - French and Horn, produce fewer fruit per plant than
sweet bananas. The groups differ in whether the male
plantain, horse banana; Spanish - platano
parts of the inflorescence are persistent or absent.
Family: Musaceae
History and Distribution
Relatives of banana within the Order
Zingiberales: Numerous ornamental plants including The banana and plantain are native to southeast
traveler's palm, bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and Asia, where they have been cultivated for thousands
ginger. of years. Bananas are believed to have been
introduced to Africa in prehistoric times. Recent
Introduction evidence suggests bananas were introduced into the
New World (Ecuador) by southeast Asians around
Bananas are vigorously growing, 200 B.C., and more recently by Portuguese and
monocotyledonous herbaceous plants. There are two Spanish explorers in the early 16th century. The
species of banana, Musa acuminata and M. Portuguese introduced bananas into the Canary
balbisiana , and most banana cultivars are hybrids of Islands and the Spanish to the Island of Hispaniola
these species. Banana cultivars vary greatly in plant during the 1500s.
and fruit size, plant morphology, fruit quality, and
disease and insect resistance. Most bananas have a Susceptibility to frost keeps the banana from
sweet flavor when ripe; exceptions to this are cooking spreading beyond the tropics and the warm
bananas and plantains. subtropics. However, bananas are grown
commercially in a number of subtropical areas such
1. This document is HS-10, one of a series of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First printed 1972 as FC-10. Major revision January 1998 and September 2005. Minor Revision October 2008.
Please visit the EDIS Website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or http://fruitscapes.ifas.ufl.edu
2. Jonathan H. Crane, Professor and Tropical Fruit Crops Specialist, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, and Carlos F. Balerdi,
Professor and Multi-County Tropical Fruit Crops Extension Agent, Miami-Dade County Cooperative Extension Service; I. Maguire, Media Artist,
Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and
other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex,
sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service,
University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry
Arrington, Dean
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 2
The time from shooting to fruit harvest depends upon Musa acuminata. Symptoms of drought stress include
temperature, cultivar, soil moisture, and cultural folding of the leaves, pale green to yellow leaf color
practices and ranges from 80 to 180 days. The time development, and premature leaf death. Severe
from planting a small banana sucker and harvest drought stress may cause choking and pseudostem
ranges from 9 to 20 months depending upon collapse.
temperatures, cultivar, and cultural practices.
Banana plants are not flood tolerant. In general,
Environmental Factors plants may survive 24 to 48 hours of flooding caused
by moving water. Stagnant water kills plants quickly.
Temperature: Bananas flourish under Bananas should not be planted in flood-prone areas.
uniformly warm to hot conditions. Shoot growth is In areas where the water table is high and/or frequent
best between 78°F to 82°F (26-28°C) and fruit soil saturation or very brief flooding occurs, planting
growth at 84°F to 86°F (29-30°C). Plant growth on beds is recommended. Symptoms of continuously
slows below 60°F (16°C) and stops at 50°F wet but not flooded soil conditions include plant
(10°C). Symptoms of chilling injury (temperatures stunting, leaf yellowing, and reduced yields.
below 60°F/16°C but above 32°F/0°C) include
failure of the flowering stalk or fruit bunch to emerge Shade: Banana plants are reported to be
from the pseudostem (called choking), development moderately shade tolerant (up to 50%). However,
of a dull yellow or greenish-gray color to ripening shading delays plant and fruit growth and
fruit, distorted fruit shape, and an increase in fruit development. In more subtropical areas like Florida,
rotting. full or near-full sun is recommended for best
production. Excessively shaded plants are stunted
Chilling damage and irreversible freeze damage and produce small, poor quality fruit.
may occur at or below 32°F (0°C). Symptoms of
freeze damage include a water-soaked appearance to Salinity: Banana plants do not grow or fruit well
all above ground parts of the banana plant and in saline soils. Symptoms of salt damage include
desiccation, browning, and death of leaves, yellowing and death of the leaf margins and thin,
pseudostems, and fruit. Temperatures below 28°F deformed fruit.
(-2°C) may kill plants to the ground. However, new
Altitude: Depending upon the local climate,
growth usually sprouts from the underground
bananas may be grown from sea level to 6,562 ft
rhizome with the return of warm weather.
(2,000 m).
Temperatures at or above 98°F (37°C) may
result in leaf scorch and emerging new leaves may Soils
have very narrow blades.
Bananas do best on flat (slope 0-1%), well
Wind: Wind is a common constraint in drained, deep soils high in organic matter with a pH
subtropical production areas. In addition, of 5.5-7.0. However, many cultivars perform
continuously windy weather may cause severe leaf satisfactorily on the sandy, loamy, muck, and
shredding (mild shredding may be beneficial), drying calcareous marl and rocky soils found in south
of the leaves, and plant crown distortion. Winds Florida. The most important factor is soil drainage.
above 25 mph and 45 mph may cause tall and short In those areas susceptible to wet or flooded soil
banana cultivars (respectively) to topple. conditions, sufficiently high beds or mounds should
be constructed and proper engineering (sloping) of
Drought and flooding: Temperature and soil the land for water drainage should be done. The beds
moisture are the most important factors in banana will place most of the root system above the saturated
production. Lack of water at anytime may cause a soil layer and proper sloping of the ditches between
reduction in fruit number and size and ultimate crop beds should allow for drainage of excessive water off
yield. Banana cultivars with Musa balbisiana genes the land.
tend to be more drought tolerant than cultivars of
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 4
Propagation will assist in keeping the soil moist and will suppress
weeds.
The most common propagation material is
suckers, or pieces of the rhizome. There are 3 types Varieties
of suckers: maidenhead, a large non-fruiting
pseudostem (plus roots and some rhizome); sword There are many banana cultivars. Parents of the
sucker, a sucker attached to the original (mother) cultivated types are Musa acuminata and Musa
rhizome with narrow sword-like leaves, and; a water balbisiana , two wild species which are usually
sucker, a sucker next to but only superficially seedy. Banana cultivars are complex diploid, triploid,
attached to the mother rhizome with broad leaves. and tetraploid hybrids among M. acuminata and M.
Water suckers produce inferior fruit and are therefore balbisiana. In general, those with a high proportion
not recommended. Large sword suckers and of M. acuminata produce sweet fruit, whereas those
maidenheads are the preferred planting material. with a high proportion of M. balbisiana produce
Sword suckers should be removed from vigorous starchy fruit.
clumps with a spade when they are 4-5 ft (1.2-1.5m)
Conventionally, the relative contribution of M.
tall. The largest leaves are cut off, leaving only the
acuminata and M. balbisiana to the cultivar is
youngest or none at all. Suckers should have many indicated with As and Bs, respectively. They are
healthy roots, without symptoms, such as nodulations
further classified as to the presence of one or more
and internal lesions, of nematode or borer damage.
sets of chromosomes (called ploidy level). For
The pseudostems of maidenhead suckers are cut
example, an AB is diploid, an AAB, triploid, and
down to 8 inches (20 cm) high and the remaining
ABBB, tetraploid. Triploid cultivars are the most
rhizome is cut into "seed" pieces for planting. In the
common, diploids somewhat less common, and
event that healthy propagating material is not
tetraploids, uncommon.
available, the sucker is cut off and its rhizome is
pared of all damaged roots and dark tissue, or is cut There are numerous banana and plantain
into pieces containing only white, healthy tissue and a cultivars listed in Table 1 and Table 2. However,
few buds. If nematodes are a problem in the area, it many of them are not adapted to Florida's climate and
is strongly recommended that nematode-free or hot are not readily available. Cultivars have many local
water treated (described under nematodes) names making identification of specific clones
propagating material be used. difficult by common name. To help avoid this,
common names along with their A/B constitution and
Bananas have recently begun to be commercially
ploidy level are used.
propagated from meristems by tissue culture. The
advantage of this system is that plants are uniform Comments on Selected Banana Cultivars in
and free of nematodes and most diseases. The Florida
disadvantage is the time it takes for small plants to be
grown to a sufficient size for sale from the nursery There are two major diseases which limit
and in some areas their lack of availability. production of some banana cultivars. Sigatoka
disease is composed of two closely related fungal
In south Florida, March, April and May are the organisms (commonly called Yellow Sigotoka and
best months for planting if irrigation is available. Black Sigotoka) which attack and kill banana leaves.
Otherwise planting should be delayed until the onset This may weaken the plant dramatically and reduce
of the rains in June. Planting holes should be large (3 or eliminate fruit production. Black Sigatoka is more
ft wide by 2 ft deep; 0.9 m x 0.6 m) if possible. of a problem in large commercial plantings than for
Addition and mixing with the native soil of isolated clumps of bananas in the home landscape.
completely composted organic matter or a sand-peat Black Sigatoka may or may not be a major problem
moss mixture may be desirable. Plants should be for most banana varieties in the home landscape in
watered-in thoroughly, and a heavy layer of mulch Florida. Black and Yellow Sigatoka are more of a
placed around the suckers immediately after planting problem during continuously raining conditions.
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 5
Panama disease is a fungal disease that attacks landscape planting in Panama disease-free sites with
the banana roots and colonizes the conducting tissue disease-free planting material.
of the pseudostem, causing the plant to collapse. In
the home landscape situation, soil infested with 'Hua moa' (AAB) also called 'Hawaiano' is a
Panama disease will limit the varieties that may be leading cultivar in south Florida despite its
successfully grown. susceptibility to Panama disease and poor cold
tolerance. The fruit can be eaten fresh or cooked and
'Gros Michel' (AAA) does not produce well in makes excellent fried green and smashed bananas.
Florida. It has poor cold tolerance and is susceptible 'Hua moa' requires intensive care and is
to Panama disease and Sigatoka. It is not recommended only for planting with disease-free
recommended for planting in the home landscape. material in warm, protected sites free of Panama
disease.
In general, the Cavendish group (AAA) is
resistant to Panama disease, but is susceptible to There are several relatively new banana cultivars
Sigatoka disease. The characteristic that that produce excellent quality fruit and have
distinguishes the best known clones is the height of resistance to one or more major banana diseases (i.e.,
the pseudostem. The tallest clone is 'Lacatan' Panama and Sigatoka diseases). 'FHIA-01' (also
followed by 'Robusta' and 'Giant Cavendish,' 'Grand called 'Goldfinger') is an excellent dessert banana
Nain,' and 'Dwarf Cavendish.' 'Valery,' a common with resistance to Panama disease and Yellow and
type in Central America, is considered the same as Black Sigatoka. 'FHIA-02' (also called 'Mona Lisa')
'Robusta' by some taxonomists. 'Dwarf Cavendish' is resistant to Sigatoka but susceptible to Panama
produces large bunches of medium-sized fruit. It is disease. 'FHIA-03' is primarily a cooking banana but
widely planted and better adapted to the cool climate may be eaten fresh and is resistant to Panama, Moko,
of the subtropics than most other commercial and Sigatoka diseases. 'FHIA-17' is a dessert banana
cultivars. 'Dwarf Cavendish' is recommended for with resistance to Panama disease and tolerance to
south Florida where, in frost-free years and with good Sigatoka. 'FHIA-21' is resistant to Back Sigotoka
care, it produces abundant fruit. One disadvantage to disease. These banana varieties are highly
the 'Dwarf Cavendish' is its susceptibility to Black recommended for the home landscape.
Sigatoka disease. Another with reported tolerance to
cool subtropical areas is 'Williams' (also called Planting a Banana Plant
'Williams Hybrid').
Site Selection and Spacing
There are many cultivars named 'Ladys Finger.'
In general, banana plants should be planted in
The most common 'Ladys Finger' in south Florida is
full sun for best growth and fruit production.
an AAB, also called 'Pome,' 'Brazilian,' and 'Prata'.
However, banana plants do tolerate light shade. In
It is a tall-growing clone tolerant to cool conditions
general, select a part of the landscape away from
with small, sweet fruit. However, because of its
other trees, buildings and structures, and power lines.
susceptibility to wind damage and Panama disease, it
Banana plants may be planted 10 ft or more adjacent
should only be planted in wind protected areas and
to outdoor walls as a sunscreen. Caution, placing
land not previously infested with this disease.
banana plants near windows may be hazardous
There are numerous common cultivars named because of potential toppling during strong winds.
'Apple'. The most common 'Apple' in south Florida Select the warmest area of the landscape that does not
is an AAB. It is also called 'Silk,' 'Manzana,' and flood (or remain wet) after typical summer rainfall
'Manzano'. It is a dessert-type banana with a events.
pleasant, sub-acid flavor when fully ripe and is
common in the Caribbean. The plant is Planting distance for banana plants varies with
the ultimate size of the variety. Dwarf or small
medium-sized and susceptible to Sigatoka and
stature banana plants may be planted 20 ft or more
Panama disease. It is only recommended for home
from other plants but may be planted as close as 8 ft
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 6
from other dwarf or small stature banana plants. container the banana plant has come in. To dig a hole
Large banana varieties should be planted 12 or more there are several options: use a pick and digging bar
feet from other banana plants to leave room for to break up the rock or contract with a company that
expansion of the mat. has augering equipment or a backhoe. Plant as
directed in the section above.
With judicious watering, fertilization, timely
weeding, pseudostem pruning, and the use of large Planting on a mound
healthy suckers for planting material, fruits will
mature in 10- 24 months after planting. The time Many areas in Florida are within 7 ft (2.1 m) or
from planting rhizomes to first harvest usually takes so of the water table and experience occasional
longer to produce fruit and the first bunch is, as a rule, flooding after heavy rainfall events. To improve plant
smaller than normal. survival consider planting fruit trees on a 2 to 3 ft
(0.6-0.9 m) high by 4 to 10 ft (1.2-3.1 m) diameter
Planting in Sandy Soil mound of native soil.
Many areas in Florida have sandy soil. Remove After the mound is made, dig a hole 3 to 4 times
a 3 to 10 ft (0.9-3.1 m) diameter ring of grass sod. the diameter and 3 times a deep as the container the
Dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times a banana plant has come in. In areas where the bedrock
deep as the container the banana plant has come in. nearly comes to the surface (rockland soil) follow the
Making a large hole loosens the soil adjacent to the recommendations for the previous section. In areas
new tree making it easy for the roots to expand into with sandy soil follow the recommendations from the
the adjacent soil. It is not necessary to apply section on planting in sandy soil.
fertilizer, topsoil, or compost to the hole. In fact,
placing topsoil or compost in the hole first and then Care of a Banana Plant (Mat) in the
planting on top of it is not desirable. If you wish to Home Landscape
add topsoil or compost to the native soil, mix it with
the soil excavated from making the hole in no more A calendar outlining the month-to-month
than a 50-50 ratio. cultural practices for banana is shown in Table 3.
increasing gradually to 5.0 lb to 6.0 lb (2.3-2.7 kg) at Diseases, Insects, and Nematode Problems
flowering and fruiting time, 10 to 18 months later.
There are several major diseases, one major
In Florida, at least one nutritional spray insect, and several nematode species which attack
containing manganese and zinc is recommended bananas in south Florida.
annually. Sources of these elements available at
garden centers may be used; follow label directions. Panama disease (Fusarium wilt) . Panama
Copper should be included in the spray if no disease is of worldwide importance and is caused by
copper-containing fungicide is used. Banana plants the soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
growing in acid sandy soils may be fertilized with 0.5 cubense. There are four known races of the disease,
to 1.0 lb dry iron sulfate 1 to 2 times during the three of which attack one or more banana cultivars.
warmer part of the year. Banana plants growing in Symptoms of the disease do not appear on young
high pH, calcareous soils may be fertilized with 1 to 2 suckers. On mature plants symptoms include
oz of chelated iron material (EDDHA) during the progressive yellowing and eventual death from older
warmer part of the year. to younger leaves, so that only the youngest emerging
leaf may remain; brown and black discoloration and
Irrigation (Watering) slimy appearance of the water conducting vascular
system (it may give off a bad odor as well); and death
Bananas require large amounts of water and are of the plant. At present there is no chemical control
very sensitive to drought. Drought results in available. The only effective control measures are
increased time to flowering and fruiting, reduced fruit planting in land not infested with the fungus, the use
size, fruit number, and crop yields. Bananas need of disease-free propagation material, and the planting
about 4 to 6 inches (102-152 mm) of water per month of cultivars with resistance to the disease (Table 1 and
for normal growth and production. Thus about 1 to Table 2). Plantains are resistant to the fungus.
1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) of water should be applied per
week. This is especially important during prolonged Sigatoka (Yellow Sigatoka and Black
dry weather conditions. Sigatoka). Black sigatoka and yellow sigatoka are of
worldwide importance; in general, where the two
Since an adequate soil moisture is essential for diseases are found, Black sigatoka dominates as the
good production, particularly during the dry months most severe disease causing fungus. Black sigatoka
of the year, provision should be made for irrigation. is an important leaf disease in Florida. Yellow
However, caution should be exercised against sigatoka is caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella
over-irrigation. Bananas are extremely susceptible to musicola and black sigatoka y M. fijiensis. Symptoms
damage by flooding, continuously wet soils, and soil of yellow sigatoka begin as pale green flecks that
with inadequate drainage. become brown with yellow haloes. As the disease
progresses infected areas coalesce forming large
Weed Control
areas of dead leaf tissue. Black sigatoka begins as
Weeds should be controlled adjacent to banana minute reddish-brown flecks on the lower leaf surface
plants and mats at all times. Weeds compete for water but as the infection progresses dark flecks may be
and nutrients with the plant and reduce fruit seen on the upper leaf surface as well. As the disease
production. Maintain a weed-free area of 2 to 6 ft progresses the dark areas with yellow haloes
around the banana mat with a well draining organic surrounding dead leaf tissue coalesce until the entire
mulch. Apply 2 to 6 inches of mulch from the base leaf is killed. Warm temperatures, high humidity, and
of the pseudostems outward. Caution, do not apply frequent rainfall are ideal for disease development.
systemic herbicides to the trunk area of banana plants Sigatoka does not kill the plant but causes premature
as this may cause them to decline or die. defoliation which results in reduced crop yield.
'Sucrier' (AA), 'Bluggoe' (ABB), and 'Silk' (AAB) A banana pseudostem (stalk) produces fruit only
are of intermediate susceptibility, while 'Mysore' is once. After harvest, the stalk is cut off at the base and
only slightly susceptible. Fungicides are available for chopped into small pieces which are left on the
control but may not be necessary for banana plants in ground and incorporated in as mulch. New
the home landscape. For more information, please pseudostems (follow-up stalks, sword suckers) which
contact your local Cooperative Extension Agent. have been allowed to grow from the rhizome (also
called a mat) will produce the next crop. For best
Banana borer or weevil (Cosmopolites production, there must be ample space between plants
sordidus) . The banana borer lays eggs at the base of to avoid crowding and competition for water, light
the pseudostem and the larvae bore into the and nutrients.
pseudostems and rhizome causing extensive damage.
Young plants may be killed by extensive tunneling The number of pseudostems and their
and mature plants may weaken and topple with a replacement is controlled by cutting off new suckers
subsequent reduction in yield. Control of the pest as soon as they appear. A good practice consists of
includes use of clean (non-infested) planting material having only one pseudostem flowering and fruiting,
and sanitation (removal and/or grinding up old one pseudostem about half grown, and one small
pseudostems). For more information, please contact sucker or peeper per mat. Cutting unwanted suckers
your local Cooperative Extension Agent. or peepers off at ground level and then gouging out as
much as possible of what remains with a metal
Sugar cane weevil (Metamasius hemipterus) . digging bar or piece of rebar will kill the underground
The sugar cane weevil causes similar damage and bud. It is important that the internal bud is killed,
problems as the banana weevil. The larvae tunnel otherwise regrowth occurs very quickly and it takes
into the pseudostem, building galleries that weaken an unnecessary amount of labor to keep suckers from
the plant. For more information, please contact your growing.
local Cooperative Extension Agent.
Though labor intensive, the cutting of dead
Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and leaves and of leaves that rub against the bunch is
spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus multicinctus). recommended. Removing the end of the flowering
Feeding of the burrowing nematode causes extensive stalk which has no fruit and hangs below the last hand
damage to the root system and rhizome of banana. of bananas will speed fruit development if done
The spiral nematode causes extensive damage to the immediately after the female flowers have set fruit.
fibrous root system. Injured plants are susceptible to
invasion by pathogens and toppling. Purchase and Banana Plants and Lawn Care
use of non-infested plant material (tissue culture
plants, suckers or rhizomes) is the best control. If Banana plants in the home landscape are
possible inspect the root system and base of the susceptible to pseudostem injury caused by lawn
sucker for dead roots prior to purchasing. For more mowers and weed eaters. Maintain a grass-free area 2
information, please contact your local Cooperative to 5 ft or more away from the pseudostem. Never hit
Extension Agent. the pseudostem with lawn mowing equipment and
never use a weed eater near the pseudostem.
Pruning the Banana Mat Mechanical damage to the pseudostem of the plant
will result in weakening the pseudostem and if severe
Pruning the banana mat is necessary for best enough can cause the psuedostem to decline or die.
vegetative growth and fruit production. Allowing
numerous pseudostems to grow from a single mat Roots of mature banana plants (mats) spread 6 to
may lead to small bunches of low quality fruit and 10 ft beyond the mat and use of some feed and weed
encourage disease development. In addition, materials of the lawn adjacent to a mat is not
competition among pseudostems prolongs the time to recommended and may reduce fruiting and or fruit
flowering and to harvest. quality. The use of lawn sprinkler systems on a timer
may result in over watering and cause banana plants
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 9
Mulch
Harvesting
Bunches are generally harvested when the
fingers are plump but before they begin to turn
yellow. However, bananas may be picked at different
times for different purposes. In general, bananas for
fresh consumption in the home landscape may be
picked when they have reached or nearly reached the
normal size for a particular variety. Usually, this is
when the edges of the fruit have smoothed out and the
sides of the fruit have swelled. Homeowners may
want to harvest fruit 7 to 14 days prior to ripening on
the plant. Hanging the fruit in a shady, cool place to
ripen seems to allow development of better flavor
than if allowed to ripen on the plant. Bananas may
also be cooked and consumed when still green or
when very ripe as is done with plantains. The FHIA
banana varietes 01, 02, 03 and 21 may be eaten fresh
when ripe or cooked when green. Bananas are a good
source of nutrients, especially potassium (Table 5).
4 1
Species Subgroup Ploidy Group Selected cultivars and synonyms T Pan. Recom.
2 3
Level Susc. Use
5 5 5 5 5
M. --- Diploid AA Nino, Lady's Finger , Sucrier , Honey , Datil , Bocadillo , P R N
5
acuminata Pisang mas
5 5 5
--- Triploid AAA Gros Michel, Pisang ambon , Guineo gigante , Banano , P S N
5
Platano roatan
5 5
Cavendish AAA Dwarf Cavendish, Dwarf Chinese , Pisang serendah , F R H, C
5 5 5
Governor , Enano , Johnson
Cavendish AAA Dwarf Red, Green Red F R H, C
Cavendish AAA Giant Cavendish, Giant Chinese, Mons mari, Williams, F-G R H, C?
5
Williams Hybrid , Pisang buai, Robusta, Valery, Porto Rique
Cavendish AAA Grand Nain, Umalog F R H, C
5 5
Cavendish AAA Red, Cuban Red , Red Jamaican F R H, C
5 5 5
Cavendish AAA Lacatan, Pisang masak hijau , Monte Cristo , Giant Fig F R H
1
Cold tolerance temperature rating: G, good cold tolerance; F, fair cold tolerance; P, poor cold tolerance; ?, not known.
2
Panama disease rating for south Florida: R, resistant; S, susceptible - recommend planting only in Panama disease-free soil with disease-free material.
3
Recommended use: H, home landscape; C, commercial; C?, may have commercial possibilities for Florida; N, not recommended.
4
Common name used locally is underlined.
5
Another common name for the highlighted cultivar name preceeding it.
6
Cooking banana.
4 1
Species Subgroup Ploidy Group Selected cultivars and synonyms T Pan. Recom.
2 3
Level Susc. Use
5 5 5
M. --- Diploid AB Ney poovan, Ladys Finger , Apple , Farine France ? R H
acuminata
x M.
balbisiana
hybrids
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 11
5
--- Triploid AAB Pisang raja, Grindy F R H
5 5 5
--- AAB Mysore, Pisang keling , Poovan , Thousand Grain G R H
5 5 5 5 5
--- AAB Apple, Silk , Pisang rastali , Manzana , Ma , Sugar , F S H, C
5
Manzano
5 5 5 5
--- AAB Ladys Finger, Pome , Pisang kelat jambi , Brazilian , Prata G S H
6 5
--- AAB Hua moa , Hawaiano P S H
5
Plantain/ AAB Green French, Banane creole , Pink French, Wine, Banae F-P R H
5 5 5
French Types rouge , Black French, Banae noire , Tiger, Banae Puce ,
5
Giant, Banae cent livres
Plantain/Horn AAB Horse plantain, Banane corne, Dominico Gigante, Pisang P R H
types tandok, Common plantain
6 5 5 5 5 5
--- ABB Bluggoe , Burro , Chato , Moko , Orinoco , Horse banana F-G S H, C?
6 5 6 6
--- ABB Pisang awak , Kluai nam wa , Pisang abukeling , Largo , F-G S H
6 6 5
ApplePlantain , Ice cream , Blue java
6 6 6
--- ABB Pelipita , Saba , Cardaba ? R H
New Tetraploids AABB FHIA-01 ('Goldfinger') G R H, C
varieties
--- FHIA-02 ('Mona Lisa') G R H, C
--- FHIA-03 G R H, C
--- FHIA-17 G R H, C
--- FHIA-21 G R H, C
1
Cold tolerance temperature rating: G, good cold tolerance; F, fair cold tolerance; P, poor cold tolerance; ?, not known.
2
Panama disease rating for south Florida: R, resistant; S, susceptible - recommend planting only in Panama disease-free soil with disease-free material.
3
Recommended use: H, home landscape; C, commercial; C?, may have commercial possibilities for Florida; N, not recommended.
4
Common name used locally is underlined.
5
Another common name for the highlighted cultivar name preceeding it.
6
Cooking banana.
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape 12
Operation Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
1
General Apply nitrogen-phosphate-potash-magnesium containing fertilizers every 4 to 8 weeks throughout the year.
Less may be applied during the winter (i.e., Nov.-Feb.) because of less nutrient demand during cooler weather
conditions.
Nutritional Apply 1 or more foliar nutritional sprays containing
sprays magnesium, manganese, and zinc during this time.
Iron Soil applied iron may be applied during the warm season 1 to 2
applications times.
Watering Banana plants should be watered regularly during any dry period without substantial rainfall.
Insect Monitor the base of banana pseudostems (stalks) for signs of weevil infestation throughout the year. Use
2
control insect-free planting material to establish any new plants or plantings.
Disease Monitor banana leaves for sigatoka infestation. Periodic applications of copper and/or horticultural oil may be
2
control beneficial during prolonged wet periods (i.e., during summer) although this may not be necessary for banana
plants in the home landscape.
Pruning Maintain 3 to 4 pseudostems (stalks) of different ages: 1 stem that is flowering and/or fruiting; 1 that is 1/2 to
2/3 the size of the stalk with flowers and fruit; 1 to 2 sword suckers (small 6 inches to 3 ft tall) throughout the
year.
1, The potash requirement for banana is high and fertilizers with a high potash (K 0) content should be used, e.g., N-P O
2 2 5
-K O in a ratio of 3-1-6.
2
2, Monitor plants for signs of insect and disease infestation throughout the year. Contact your local County Cooperative
Extension Agent for current control recommendations.
1
Table 5. Nutrient value of raw banana fruit (3.5 oz or 100 g).