ACLU 2004 Remand Documents

CIA OT.G Le!çases

L. TQOA CIA OIG RePort

2. A7 March 2003 CIA business Plan
díscussing RDI Program IOIG Vaughn #
Other-2 9 l
3. 31 January 2003 Draft psychological
assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #

Other-3 9 l
4. 2A November 2OO2 Spot' report díscussing
interrogation of *l-Ntuhiri IOIG Vaughn #
Other- 63 l
5 . 24 ,July 2AOZ Draft psychological
assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn #
Other- 7L l
6. Undat'ed certsifieatíon sheet used in
ínterrogation lraíning toIç Vaugihn #
Other- 93 l
T.Undatedblank.'EnhancedPressures',sheet
used for waterboard training [OfG Vaughn
Other-1031

8. 17 JuIy 2003 intervÍew wíth a senior CIA

officer regarding CIÃ' RDI Program IOIG
Vaughn # rnterview-B3l
9. 22 January 2003 Email with att'ached spot
rêport regarding interrogation of a1-
NaEhiri IOIG Vaughn # Emai1-L96l
 :t: l t1:'"'¿ ìi'!'
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A rffi-'ffi,#s#

l
cfA toAN col'Y
'ê,. DONOTCOFY

Centr al Intellígence
"4gency
Inspector General

SpscIALRnvluw

COUNTERTERRORISM DETENTION AND

INTERRO GATION ACTIVI'IIES
(SEPTEMBER 2001 _ OCTOBER 2OO3)
Qaas-7723-lGl

7 Dl.fay 2A04

copy !
 TABLE OT CONTENTS Page

""""1
INTRoDucrION."""""""""""""""¡
"""""2
SIJMM4RY..,.....,.....r"""""'
9
BACKGROUND T¡¡'¡¡¡¡'r"¡r'¡"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'
1L
DIS CUSsToN .'.......,.,"""""""""""'r"""r"'r """"r"r"""""""""
GT¡¡NS¡SOFPOST}IITAGENCYDETEI\rfiONANDJ.I.J1'ERROGÁfiON
""'i'r""¡""' """""17
ACîNTI1.,S""""""""""t""r"."'r

TTTE.vAPTLTREoFÁBuZunnwattltN"DEVËLoPMENTorEITS,,.',,,,,,.'12
"""^16
Dol rccal.4.N'{LYsrs
NorrcrTOAI.IDcoNstIlTÁrIoNwrrr.IExncurlwÁNDCoNGRESSIONÁL
""""'23
OFFICL{LS """""""""
Gu¡p¡¡¡croNcrr-Iryu[RE/DETENnoN'^ANDINTERRoG'{floN""""'t"""'24
.......,.....,...25
,..,.,,,,,.27
DCI Confinernent Guidelines"""" """"
""'29
DCI Interrogation Guicl'e1ïnes""""""""
Medical Guidelines """"""""
Training for Interrogatíons"" """""""""""31

n" rrrxuo N a^,n arrrRJto G'{uoN o P ER'4TI o¡¡s A' rf L-

TÕ'r-sÊeI{FT/
:::?',a.r'a.:ì i..:'.:.--ir::;.:.:..1 -; I

,,.,..,.,.46

57

58

61.

65

67

Sp..iii. Unauthori ze#, orUndocumented Techniques ..,""',""69

TöFEÊeRBI/
 õFsËsgr/

t"t"t"'82
" "' " " " " " "'
-.ã^\¡6oNs "
GATI ¡ r "
r

tL suPPo RT To INTERRo
'\w ;itvnc """t'Qr
aÉ.

Errr,crwnllr.çs """"'
"""""""""""91
PotrcycoNslDEfutTÏoNslr}II)coNCEItIvsREG.ARDIT\¡GrrrrDerrvr¡o¡l
¿¡vufrsreRnoc'afloNl)Rocrt'q,lr"' """"""""'92
Policy Consideratione
ConcerneoverParticipationintheCTCPrograrrr.,.'..'....,......'.'94
""""95
ENl:e¿.¡,tn, """""""""
""""L00
CONCLUSIONS"""""""':
"" 106
RECOMMENDATIONS"""""""""¡"
APFENDTCES

A. Proceclures ancl Resortrces

Events
B. Chronology of Significant
Rizza,Acting cene¡al coursel of the
C. Menrorandurn for Joh,¡ -

ceniral Intelligence A geircy,

î", lr'trätro gation of an Al-Qa',ida
OPerative, L Attgust 2002

D.DClGuidelinesonConfurementCorrdirionsforCl,\Detainees,
28 JanuarY 2003
oq! ations Cond,,tludPM
E. DCI Guideiines

I
á
:a

s
: ÌõPsessr/
ffiH--Ë¡¡g;$¡'1g¡:;=:a..:.:.r.ffil|#.*sË:i¡it¡?$:i*-".**í-:.:¡I,:,i:ii::.,..:;.:-'','.:..,Ê=¿.:Égæ#:'¡,r.^.'**:-...¿...

TCTr,.sË$REt/

F. Draft office of Medical services Guidelines on Medical and

Psychological tupport to Detainee hrterrogations, 4 September
2003

io%BBeRBr/
 l!--.::.,.+'.:t -- ,.
,lt*i - : - :,t.-, :l:.*"t'
{*F*¡=x.W¡,|ff+Æl Y:i.í;i{;!i,.i:+:r",;x:';r::'ti

CTAR GEMER'AL
OFNCEOF INSPË

SpgctAL REvIEw
I o N AN"
couNTERTERRo RI
sM
:J"l*t
iü;titiö.anoNagY¡3t3,1
t #;äffi"tilt t1 : 9 g.t
ER B 2oo3 )
(
(2003-7123'IG)

7 MaY 2004

INTRODUCTICIN

"'

",*"Hl;Grrff îil*jikii:åîtrffi
tnät tlt" Agency had estabusneq
ñ ;ä;" i:::::i"';;.';;
Cent e r to de tain i: î:i Til*"uc*u
s.^T-X1lî
ubro^d ('the CTC
:::"î o
"
u
;;;;'^*'). He
"*:qt:ï:13
isnatc

triffi
,Abd
;ä;;ä;**ätechninues,fff
uoot',.rJoreign
1;f ';:'
site, ancl requested
that
AI-Rahim ¿r-ÑåsÌ.riri, ^t

TursË$llsu
 :#ì:i:rl::l ii;t:¡.ade:i.:î.:.:...::-.i
:::iÉ;r::lË:i:ïl l.ij;i.'i:.;.., .. _,
-,

j_.t:.-;*ä:é.:'¿'rr'::.ii;'.i?.;...::i:..:i:&4-í:-
i Ë:åï-r ii:#l%iTt¿_¿.ì*,:irr:i+1 ;i:1!!ål
-i,#iìl*lã--ã¿:Ëã:¡:¿èììçiL:::!i:ii":

îõ%=ne*s-r/

that Some
oIG i¡rvestigate. Separately, oIG received in.forrnation
emPloyeeswereconcernedthatcertaincovertAgencyactivíties.atanof
overseas detention and interrogation site
night involve violations
review of ABencY
hrunari rights, In ]anuary 20A3,OIG initiated a
counterteirorism deteltion angj tion activities!
and the incident rvith
Al-Nashiri.l T -lQ

SUMMARY

;igrr-td resPonsibilitY fo r
the
ímplementi4g*p.--tGadetentiona-ufl ':1gnlf"i:-î"1f
öti..iå, ä; $i'.;b Counterte'rorist Center (D/CTC). Wheit
U'S'
, -,- r^r^r*:--.i-.1ir¡{Árr.:le in Afc.hanistan affd at
rrríIitary forces u"e* dçtgililg$$li9l3%iå
Guantanatno EaY,

'lll and i*terrogate

directly ññb-.t-"f suspät"á teriorists. The caph'e andjnitial
Agency int rrogution of the firsi high value detainee' Abu Zubaydah'

ro-\QAppendixAaddressesthePioceduresandResourcesthatolGemployedin
rendition^s condttcted by the Agency or
conducting this Review. The Review does not address

2 (" epp*dixB is a chronology or6iriã"t e"."ts th^t occurred dqrÍng the period of this

TõrsËe*sf,/
i4
 TõÏ\:E$RETJ

the Agency with

a t'tf"'lÏ:t dilernma'a
*'
inMarch2002' presented
iil" ;s. ^:r *^, å'å'ä;*'*:
;i*""*1-'* î'å'ö Ëi
be obtaine$
l-l'I: ?*il"iår*ítui .o"r¿ notju,,.vc¡f
additional terronst ^ icials f

"dÏîrîtîi'".äH:,tHIüiö#i.ä¡-.'ä".,n
*;;; robttst "ttãt"*y
to elicit tlueat
sentor
believed that a "pP;tit;u' from other
i¡forrnatio" r'o^'eîîZ*"iatn *a fottiuly

;,:ffi
ït-q"rã; hi gh value detainees'

:,,f:j;å:,Hïi'*'iiffi ::'""
iå:ffiil."ä:Ëi:iäïä*f '"t;5-;;g#if;;'^ii'
Qa'i d a
¿
ï'"ø,ri" :ff
1: ::
interrogation
il:,:ffi,ifl
at
;:ffi
at A! ; í. á; e rh

u'u of in the
oersorurel tl"a uîå" ""*edra.y.¡r åìã'- u" rll: ï
"iittance'techniques/
- r"
äno ther .r.,, u.,ïJ"
îä,,. ltil"oJlii"l'.il

ffi ::Iåi:ffi ]¡tflç$;t*ifu::f,*Ïm1".*

ää'"nå-tot"',iîf.ä":ÅiïlË*;ä"'ra-"ti*tookplaceagainst
use on [tbuZt

m*kr#***;';k$ ¡ön* r;:"':r':r."

n*J f omm'n*Y
:îiH:'?1* ii * ;iì;'"*u
6,*,t-ïi-"?åï-"å:'äïil;JtröiËä{-
in determiniug and
d( research
the lead ted iìaËpendent
consfrainrs f år interrogations.'åää;fu
I

I
{ t.
i
I
t
t
I

{i
i,
ll "l"i;i;iåg" such threats' but
to have u

It_
{i

ii
"f
targets/detainees'

t'-
l;
;,
':'

t=
TæEËgEI/
i;:
 hsne*su

and consuitecl extensivêly with Department of Ïustice (Dof and

National security cou¡rci (NSC) legal and policystaJf. working with
DoJ,s Office of Lâgal Counsel (OLC), OGC determi'ed that
in inost
instances rele'raníto the coqg!1!rror!n detention and
interro gation activities lhe crimiiral prohibition
againsitorh*e,18 U.S.C. 2940-n408, is the conholling legal
. const¡ai:rt on interrogations of detainees outside
the United States' In
August Z1gZ,DoJ prõvided to the Agency a legalopinion in which it
detãrmined that 10 specific "Enhanced InterrogationTechniques" -
(Ems) would. not'vioiate the torfu¡e protribition. Jhis workprovidecl
the foundation for the policy and adminislrative decisions that guide
Lhe CTC Progranr.

By Novemb et 2002, the AgenSY had Abu

:lr- value detainee,'Abd Al-Rahj¡t

Al-Nashiri, in custod

provided medical care to the detainees'

 ;ffikx
[""ãt*" ãr autuLtes in ca]rles'
deviatrons
ro,tlsË with one
from aPProvecl Proceaur.:re
aPprovecl Proceci
tl^"j-,1-^ñr1%,"rv
respect to two
descriìred
notable exception ^ of one'Elt, the
ä:ffi :r:;ffiåiñ:::ï"ï:,äJ"'q"::'¿?í:äîffiá*:
detair-rees at those slres/
beyoncl
Ltr'E upv "'^'-
*d"r"
th:,P:"lt:l-^., óf tt',u technique as
nîuãl¡ourd, went ?e 2003, secu:
LJoJ' rrÌe #bvr'r-Jå"r ^n
ffiFåiîïå'"Hil::iüåiii'..^s*inïîf:Jif ï#íf."trifi
originally describect to
that der .t. 'u1v
""t
significant for
oral Do] concurrence ¡ef1l
oPinions'
of DoJ's legal
;;0.;t
 1-5. Agency efforts to provide systematic,
clear *.a ù*@ to thoseinvolved inihe CTC. Detention
and Interrogatiori Program was jnadeqult_e at firstbub have
improved cãnsiderabfly a*tg
the life of the Program as problems
have been id.entified. and. adclressed. cTC implemented fraining
prograurs for interrã guto6 and. d.ebriefers.6 Ñf oreover, building uPon
ãp"ätiot al a¡d legaiguidalce previouslysent to the field,the DCI

The use of these te¡ms has

terrns infezroga tion/interr'olgatüiÃa lnU"rf' gldebríeJer intercttang""Uly'
A debriefer engages a
since evolveã and, today,-C1C more cbárlf distinguishes their meanings'
is person rvho completes a
detai¡ree solely througtr-questiott and aruruer. An interrogator a
designed to tfain, quali$r, and certif a
lrvo-week interrogâtionsir**g program.which is
during an,interrogation of a
pefson to adminis-terEnr: Arüånrtator canadminjstãr EITs
the detainee as
äe!inee only after the field, in coordi¡iationwith I'Ieadguarte¡s, asæsses
to a
rvitlrholcting inJormation. An inteúogator tlansitions üre detainee from anon'cooperative
cooperativJphase in order that a debäefer can elicit actionable intelligence throùgh
a detainee
ror,-uggr.rrí.re techniques duringdebrÍefing sessionË. An interrogator may debrief
du_rin[ãn intenogation; howevei, a debriefer may not interrogate a detainee.

TÕPEEeB*TI
l:i:-'-' .:¡1, '7 -', -,. 'i-.êË
.#-.r,,É!=ë1,#î*iÆl
'
\V¿;'t-::' :t.::r'+-z:=:.'
,:''æ i'

on28Januarvzooas,q.,l*,,1#,î;Ir":î",irÎ'rf iffiåffi
for ClA DrE

ñr'sUpporting interrogo*t'"- -r--- of

-tlie

ääJäî
Headquarters
fi"ld tg obtain specific
oracÉce of
"óT;;"-î*i#¡f:ff
r.qoffi,il
f
"
Guidelines are'an room for
* tu*t ;*
Guicleline,
'n"iåJ';-""
"'uttantïal
misinterpretationPaïJäï";;;;'äÃ;'vcletentiona^d
'¡,#fî*1":i:'ffi
lt tuttogãdon activities'

ffi
"r,.-tt,
:fl* n:H +lltx:u':ågï:itr i:iËi'r'"
* ¿
th3usa'ds or
"¿
îi
rhe crc nr"g'"åîoî
t*,,#;;;;' of
supporting the
reports arrd ffi]õroclucis
'ã'J'"¿
i*dividuaf irrr.ffiäï*u u's' p outy*uteis an
d military
*''ir
counte rteuo'i"ou"=rtã'

F#ffi
commærders'

tT
I-nterrogatîon Pro
#î',îî,'ål ffitiffi
;'';'Pii
# ** gency
previous A
ot aiu., /ä l "^*
Adminis E aÉon "ffi;
*r*yandruresff;;"îäil""itrå'tri1¡"åfr ïllllllllllllll:?,äiff"'

trSî'ff ïi#tr'å,::i':'.T'iilffi
*"ü; üilt;tPúo'i* í"d
l#:î:'::ers'personar
eÏfectiveness of
the Agenry
reputation', "'
itself.

tA. t definitely if approPnâre

rar

:*î'.1å.*';:"t':mî:ïiËî*i;i5i+5å'*å#iä
:fr:ri;il:ni"i'*",i,:iåi:ffä:in'î'öandamonsNsc'

ÌõrsË$n'Eu
i'.#=;i!ç--rt.¡¿.:îg:i:.:,,.i1.:i11t¡åìrî:. j j:,.:: j.,

îÕPsEeREr/

Defense Deparlmenf, and. ]ustice Deparlment officials, no decisions

on any "endgarne" for Agency detainees have been made. senior
Agency officíals see th.is as a policy issue for the U.S. Government
tuth.t thun a CIA issue. Even wTth Agency inítiatives to address the
endgame with policymakers, some detainees who carmot be
prosecuted will likely rernain ín CIA custody indefinitely.

19. The Agency faces potentially seriou.s

long-term polìtical and legal challenges as a result of the CTC
Detention anci Interrogation Program, particularly its use of EITs ancl
the inabiliby of the U.9. Gover:rrment to decide what it will ultimately
clo with terroristsrdetainect by the Agency.

24. This Review makes anumber of

recomlnendations that are designed to sfrengthen the managenrent
and conduct of Agency detention and intefrogation activities.
Atthough the DCI Guideljnes were an in'rportant step forward, they
rvere only designed to address the CTC Pro
 tt':*'-'-'&.'
.!+¡:' :. ii:. ir-*:*.,' ''#, " 'á*#*i{*;*r"-'ft=¡

TöT"sË$"ErJ

BACKGßOUND

22 rq q:
inrcrrogation of i¡ åråT*îiii"*:ä,,î'Ëidiä"å''äi:"*
w;' Ag:"q pe¡sorrrrel
rhe urúted states.
îi*vi"E ,l-" "*
ii:ï*î#ä.*::*îîä*Tf#È*:iä{"*îil'ïöï'd-"
teachingi,lterrogoatiäiùl*'i""11t:îi:t"å31i.*i";ipãri*i'ur.
liaison re
;"ìil;d; to foster foreign

I
T,;;ur¡i.rål*
sensitivitiesthe'r"îö6D*":iili"'#t.**ä:ru.:':Ëî
officers from usmf
iotU^¿" AgencY

haining Progra.:r1 cLe%r6'rrvu

intero gãtion techniques'
" -
tr'
{ on
allegationt':f Tittonduct

ffi
I
I
I
23. lS) !í\ 1984' O19,j'*t'-1T1"U
rt: -^-at ""t
i
q

à
Ë

,'
rl
fr,.
bl
li¡ .--r
t.,

å:
år
 Hea d'quar ters
interr o gations, debrie f in gs, an d hum an rights issues'
cable guidance
sent officers to brief statiäns and Bases and provided
to tlr.e field.

24. lS) In 1986, the Agency endçd the HßE-training Program

because oi ailee"Uons of human rights abuses in Latin America'

which iemains in effect, e¡Plains Á-gency'sgeneralinterrogation

policy:

.l

lr
 :*13i, ::F1å++t::tææ:'":'-:"*rê¡
l.ii:,:.., .t.: -. -'- .. '

õp"sÊ$Rçr/
I

I DISCUSSION
N
¡IND T{IEXRO G,4TIO
11 AON¡ICY DETEÑTTON
GTNESTS OF PO ST
9I

ACTTVITTES
vernent

ffi¡ÏØg!*dd

responsibiüry for
zZ. [57f$R) The DCI delegated *''
impie meniä:,':'
ät¿.#ij:i:il.!@ ;¡"=
"
*"
i"u":
-er ;*:; :;:; å::i J A s encv co rnp onents'

inclucling OGC, C

7 (u//Eouo) DoI takes thepositionth::::-c,:ffi1;i#;:Xl*ïJ,Ë'"i'$äìi'äli*-t

to oraer
n"äiå e-toJJ I cónstitrttional authoriry

îö%-sËÊREs/
 *
28.
understand the sco 1'.åiffit3ä%l
To assist Agut çy. offlçiulg

researchecl, analyzed, and

wrotè "draft" papellon mglg issues. These included
dísctrssions of

n'
shared these
"draft" papers rvith Agency officers

Trrr c¿¡nrn¡ orá.ru ZwAw,+H At:{D DEwLoPME¡vr or EITs

30. Fqn) The caphrre of senior Al-Qa'ida operative

Abrr Zubaydah on 27 March 2002 presented the Agency with the
opportunily to obtai:r actionable intelligence on fuh¡re threats to the
United States flom the nrost senior AI-Qalda member in U'S. custody
at that !ime. This accelerated CIA's deve ent of an intenosation

TöFsË${rgv
 TörËaRsrJ

31. lTsl-." *:::-

'Io treat the severe wotrnds.thatAbu
.dedhim
."ãffih*iTÏî3:'i:f
Zubaydah suffered
Zubaydah,of f upon rtrs {-avru*ii""lã"f.åËa his ouestioning
å:äi¡iffi questior
i";åi"" meclical carefrom 9*":T^*, ,r'rro Aøencv *tJt utt.*uri
Jö"yrr::s:iî.hiåî:.,1
ä:.ffiïffiff1;xiJill"ff
a Ã9u
non
Ï":ï=ffi tìît.*'ig"te 3ub lvgil
non-PhYsical elicitation
vcl

ffi-rwithho ffi ent thrã at information'

h"dJ,T" i;lH^
r
uo-rs'¿a--;' -
#;;:*d;;;æ. iãrn¡l 'T"-"ã Prosraln'
io iritu"ogation teclmiques'l3
rvrite a paper "^äöìä;;;sirtuo.å

ä##fififf
Cor-nte¡meastlr(
ñ;i'ã; r'oininsffi;:": j:'sequentiv' ElTs
the
rechnïques: A new and more aggressive
åïtJ"Ped a[sÍof
two psychorg"ì' ininterrogations'
ru.o***áud fär use
that they

i: "o#,ï11îî"'u.1o,,u, o,

egency (rpRA). [tr]'.$:ìîiilT"3#ïìrJàï "rr*.a

lu,*,,ìî,îäì*'uÌ"'toi^i*'io*

u,1ri"l1-^':ffi ,ll.i;1mnr;¡';çåq"H{i;,tïfly.fr î'*î:il',"iî}-

onerations forces $'ho
a
terr
;iriffi;;t"ught hò* to sü¡vive invadous
to preve'
äË;;;"1Ñ, aird conduct themsel'es
vJar.
:J-:il rr¿.9:---:1'....
¿ì¡ê¡,i.-=iì :, :¡,
L=i_-V-zjt¡L;--;.¡'¡¡ i !;í,.t¡r.î .,,, u,...
-¿1
ääl i;g*í:j::åi::r:ssi:=ÉÉ.:Ë:;jr_iiri,.:ii'ifti :::::-:.:. *

Ur. ÈgE) CIA,'_OTS obrainect data on tiæ use of the

prCI posed otential l ong-terrn P-sTchglogical ef fects on
Em#ãÌftili from
ãetai¡rees. OTS input waibased in part on information solicited
a number .of psyct oloSisæ and knowledgeable acaclemics
in the area
of psychopathologY.

i:ffiiJå ?:3if il
P
":,å;Hffi ä.':åïå
",, training aIlcl'aty subáequent psy,choiogical effects on sbudents'
SERE
DoD/IpRA cãnciudeá no long-terni psychological. effects resultecl
from use of the EITs, including the most taxing technique' the
waterboard, on SEIì,E students-.r¿ The OTS analysis rvas used by OGC
in evaluating the iegality of teclrniques'

35. tlS[ Eleve. EITó were proposecl for adoption

i¡ the CTC Interrffi%rogram. As proposed, use of EITs would
be subject to a co*jpete^t eva'Íuadon of-themedical anct psychological
state oi the d.etaineã. fnu Agency elirninatecl one proposecl
t.J*iqn.*rio t"ttttir.g rroT n9l mi.tfr::?::ld
detay ti u t"fiGiãiliËfoilowing textbox identífies the l0 EITs
the Agency described to DoJ.

14
l\lccorcling to in<livíduals with authoritative knowledge of_the SEITE program, the
waterl¡oa¡d waS used for demorshation purposes on a very imall numbcr of shrdents in a class'
Excepl for Navy SERE training, use of thå wàterboarcl was discontinueclbecatue of its dramatic
effect on the sh¡dents rvho were subjects.
 .l:l-!í':: '':::.:.'

Techniques
Enlran cecl Interrogation

åri:,'íi!'trfis ü^ïfr'trîx#ft:äf :;":ili:'

H:åîi"i::ili#ïffgrasp, the detainee
dlal

#k**ig;u*¡**;;**t***,*It #
ag the
same motior,r .r ^...r lhpn ouickly i

" :,--i:
firnrlY Pushcd into

*",lå,#iï:Ïäf':':{
- ö;Ïi*
Places an oPen Pal
ht gettips are kept
weu
*ï.;"*'***'*"'
awa)'
-^..^.,r arrart. The

o with rrre raciar

"i:"*fflXt"'-i:Jîìffi"ri:,1f1..:tJ'".t"f'f"'Iiiiuuäut"i"""t
rrob e'
onci in ea
s
'iltr'åi iiiiïÎ"ru.tt'u "o"u'p
'Xj:î"$::ÏT;*
,rncrarnpe'r':*ï:ffi
" ,äïlì "i r?'gt Plo'I.,ours lff "i'"',îiî:'itåjåÏüii'ï'f,
and in une rarglr
t-piäùit" ta¡t uP to 18 hotus'

no than rw insect ìn the box

''tore a hanrrless
in'uolve placíng
a confinementìrox
o Insects place{ in

. ;T,iïii"*
hìs feet sPread aPP
*:ff :îfu ,.r,jft""ffi m,å***1""i't
ä";;ìli;' not*'.1",#îï:ö:Ïåff
allc
oi iuu t
cletainee is 'T;o.d,
i the detainee sit o* the Jloor
' - -: ^ r'arrin ø r'i'
tã ä'u ou u
+
"
.r
e a pp rica rionoiåiå.;J"ïljl
h iii ä? ff ïì1*"l"ii
extended:Tï::j,ä-"iir* #jtangle'
il";t 45ffclesee
;i,h ñi' legs on the floor lvhile
leanl
a

l-read or toreelin6
11' clays at a tiare'
wiJl not exceecl
Sleep cleprivation

: ffi"iil; ; ñ:Î :'^Ïob'íz

i"il;;::;,h:--i,î:r:rli:Tä:ì:il:[î:,î",]",ffi
r d": :';.,:'iïtï;"';:
n:i';.iä;.:;;:il*l.:13åffiXS;
e cr

' 'rhe a p p t ic a tio n.o

iÏiifi'ililt"'
;ffiií,;ti*srã" ele;';:ïï:11
feet erevated
¡ççr
oencrr wlut ru% --1n.", arrove ffiTä:ì
his
- -ì^d, n*er
p-laces- a cìoth
ovlr tl¡e
o1a
1ä:::'ïoi"*ir
"llllli.,for ?'0r, to
Airftow rsrestricted
rr.\$
".i:;;.:;",'....uo'
and an interrogator 1¡]:'l5:ììed
Û'e ctoth in a controlle"
mumer' - r strrfocation'
^,'rr,
:iiffiä'"Jo
;îiäil1,"^îJ,'::i:]1:i';Tj:knf produces
T;';ï oiîtu*il.'g and
U"l,l;*"ordrownirrgands'lrrrocation
i0 anci the tecnniclue
seconds " '""
I
 Dal rccaLlrNÁLYSIS

36, CIA's OGC sought gtddance from Do]

of EITs vis-à-vis indivicttrals detainecl
The ensuing legai opirúons focus on
an'd OtherCrttel' I'humane a*d
Degrading Treatnient or Punishme.lt (T9rture. Convention) '2
2340'
U.S'C' ^o
esp"ecially"as iinplemented in the U,S. criminal code,lB
23404.

g7, (J / /FoUo) Tlre Torttrre Cor.rverrtion specifically prohibits

"torture," which it clefines in Article 1' as:

any act by wlúch seaere painor suffering, whether physical or

as
mãntal, íí íntentionally inflicted on a pers.on for sucJ'r purPoses
information or a confession,
obtaining from hÍm or a third person
or is
punistrin-g him for an act he or a third person has comrnitted
ä,rspectuã of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or
a third Person/ ot f#t *y reasonbased on cliscrimination of any
kinci, rvhen such pain oi suffering ís inflicted by or ai the
instigation of or lvith the consenior acquiescence of a pu6lic official
u, oiiu, prrson acting i¡r an official ca¡''ädry' It does not ind'de
pain or slffering arisfig only from, in¡ere.nt in or incide*ial tr:
iawful sanchión. [Emphasis added']

A¡ticle 4 of the'Iorture Convention Provides that states PaIty to the

Convention are to ensure that all actì of "tortalre" arc Offenses turder
their criminal iaws. Article 16 adclitionaliy provides tl-rat each state
parfy "shall untl.ertake to preveni in any territory utder its
h'eatment or
iurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhutnan or degrading
!lrtrittl**t lvhich d<¡ not amount to acts of torture as defined in
Article 1."

is (U//FOUO) Adopted 10 December Treaty l)oc. No. 100-20 (198S) 1465 U.N.T.S' 85
1984, S.
(entered into force 26 June 1984. The Tolture Convention entered into force for the United States
'i-f-- on 20 November 1994.
 .,)t=é:-t ;" "
:,....+-:.::-l 1

i,'ai t!:;'!:t!""

38.(U//FoUo)TheToritulConventionan'rriltotheUnitecl
the' re;;;;;;;
uod ut'attstandings
States only in utt
oîJått with- explainecl
qu rt*:ii;än;.ti?l''1,4s
macle by the u^it;,ffi;,;, "* Brancl-r prior to ratification:
to thr: Senate oy ã'àtoti""
'nî U'S' las'' 'l'he pluase
broacler than existing
Article 16 is arguably
" cruel, inhu ma*
"'
o'äãäì,'å treaünen
t
l:liÏl:Iîii "Î'i'^'n'
meÏüäilä
iriternat ion al in
str u
,'ää;ä ;;"'"' o rr r i #ou en
cov
Intemati'onal "'''unt
u^iversar Decraratiol'"îiìïã* tug1]:_lï
I^ä*ü"^a'.':.11i:i:ï;iî$*îllïXlfil",:l,l','J;".,''"
i;trffi
::îitî :iTli:;appears be
;'
Ë:åltî,r l*ffiî-iïffål,";
roughì{:1"1"åïh.'i,f,tt-,
uunrshment
to
in the united states
tvuji**ä E'ighth a^d
iiÏ;il;r A*u''d*u''ts' "De gradii g- :ïh
uär.¿ i,ioirt*.',t,
ilffi ;ììühas been interpreted Tl'.9tttt:1i inclu cling h ea*nent

h'wever, J.."îï
c"îruttttion.
ñ robabrv "oi b' P':)l::Tii :L: ;;; i"d"'idua* s
,iJ ;; ;'r
lXl+;+1,,i¡ifrii:rr:,lxä*'":L'U;m;t;,i1';i1i$"" to lrp
gerrcìer charrge TB1,.^,,^^ qlâtêq corìstrues the pÌrrase
äake ctear that the
is
ffiäñiîñ"d;stancling

trre
"rhe uniterl states rrncìerstands frm '1.;efitllì:iåi'"åt
.tü^äü;eatme¡rt ": t ::ï::i"ll"ilTli-*s-r"ot**
ilre Converrti<¡tr, eF
iitution of tl'te

ffiphasisadded'l

treaties' ìrut
#o"u'ntio'' on
16(U]viennaConventiorront]reLarvofTreiìties,23May1969,ll55UNTs'331(e¡rte¡edinto
Ine urutur¡ urrr'"- - -
1e80)' rte.unit:'f:1"','^11l;; .i
ø,ìu)t
lorce27 JanrLary
JantLary 1980).
iis provisiors
ntiÏl':í$ii;;*a
as customarv r¡rtc
larv,
lnrational
lä;;itü;;gärds 100-20' at 15-16'
1? iu / /Fouo) s. Treaty Doc' No'
 ji' "".i:-Ì*i,".iÊ¡.rîi.:.:;¡

39. (u //Fouo) ln accordance with tl're convention, the

United States criminaíized. acts of torture in 18 U.S.C. 23404(a),
wlúcl'r provicles as follows:

whoever outsicle the united states comrnits or attenrpts to comlnit

torhue shall be fined under tlús title or irnprisoned not more than
20 years, or both, anct if cleath results to anyperson irol conduct
pt.,hibitud by this subseclion, shall be punished by death or
irnprisonect ior any term of years or for life'

The statute adopts the Convention definition of "torttue" as "an act

committedby a person acting urder the color of law specifically-
intenclec{ to infh#t sel'ere physical or mental pain or suffering (otl'rer
than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanci-ions) uPon another
purror. withjn his cuJtocty or physical conh-ol."l8 "severe physical
acicled a
!ain and suffering" is ¡roifurther clefined, but Congress
ãefinition of "severe mental pain or suffering:"

[T]he prolonged nrental harnr caused by or resulting

from-

(A) the intentional infliction or th¡eatened infliction of severe

physical pain or suffering;

(B) the achnfurishation or application, or tht'eatened

a ct ministra tton or' applica tio¡r, of n'Lin cl'altering sttbs
tanc es or
other procedwes calèulatecl to disrupt profoundly the senses or
the personalily;

(C) the th¡eat of ùnminent deathi or

ÇD) the threat that another person ].ill imminently be subjected

to death, severe ptrysical pain or sufferirrg, or the administration
or application of rninct-aliering substances or other procedures-
calctrlatecl to clisrupt profounclly the senses or pe.sonality. . . .19

T'hese statutory clefi¡ritions ale consistent rvith the ttncl.erstandilgs

and reservations of the United States to the'llc¡rtLrre Conventio¡l.

18 (u//Fouo) 18 US.C. æ40(1).

le (u//Fouo) 18 U.5.C. æ40(2).
 '
ii'¿i-'-l':'-'" "'
nitr!-', ;ffig':!;!u¡1{#t : -'ìií':El

îoTsÊeR,Er/

of the
prosecuted' a violation
(u/ /Fouo) DoJ has
40. "tu:: i' 1ìo caset^ï
rorr're statute, ra ïls1i#äá+q' 1"a 'rL'á of its researc
fr:tä.Tå'.,
the'restrlts
its provisio"'' oCäiltt*t-¿ f.* tã DoJ's OLC in
the suntmer
issues under U.S.¡aïiffi.ä*ä**t th:.:l:tttunts of the
of 2aa,zurd receiväa preliminrrr:"***
*Fv
"t
J";i^ssified 1 August 2002

torture statute r'Jïoí¿

the
tlt ':Ë:'*
orc t ãndusions r.egarding
ot-c lesat *t*"":åãä;;i of the torture sìäit t"a conclucled that
Droper interpretatän
isuô.io,.,2340A nï:::ä;'^.o
*a tr'n' ure specifically
or
"rit.,ì"ä, rvhethermental
intencleci t" ¡''niti 'u"u'u Ptl :' :*""*
"extreme
äJItímust be of at.,
ohvsical."' AL:"oLä;;J"'I g: Uï true]' ¡u'tuTill or degrading'
i-,uí.rru" and' thai "'certain ^to*uy intensity to
of fl-t
bot still "ot p'oäott
p1ilu"*t'trãiog it'l:til"
alrw'1rins""iäilsä04'spros*tåäffitr:tïH;;Jï*.'
f
of intenoeo Po*" ",.
ä;;itt* the reqrrisite level
^',ï:ilîî:åïfräi ::l'l, Ë:1*
plry si ca rp a in am o u n,iie j" ::,
to the paitt trcconp*y]"s':::":Ïi.i;i,;;;uJ" For purelv
t:läîï.,.i";ture áuotb'.'Secdon 2340'
of bodíly tt'
failure, impairment to aÑrunil:^i"il;;;
uncter
pti''t o* suffering
gical har nr ooitig.,'ttfit'^"'
ment'aì gr
g", ri ;1fi , R"v.t',oto I :t "
,,.,r., r,, r,TT';i ri years'"
"r for mónths or even
durah<¡n' ä;i;:ft

a violation of
Section'331["":$::'llålTt'
oLC determjnecl that ot t'l:iefendant's "Precls(
irrfuctiorr "f J;;;;"
o' äu- d ef eru e
* us ti [v i

o concloata ä-u i'"'ttt "úgl tion 2340 v iõt a tå sec

al s "ity
¿s rhar *."ffi;il;*dtt ^'22
inrerr o garior., äu
tr-,o anv other
opilion äääi;äã*tt.whether
rhe Augrist zo;ä óic iî'i" J""111"' treatment' arrd
provision' í;; 'i' 'i11"î flre Uiríted States'23
interro ga
";ü;'
tio''t ãf ãtoi""uu ot't'iãu
urcle¡
Conduct for lnterrogation
Re: $andarcls of
20 tU¡ /fOUO) Legal \'lenrorandum'
2oü2)' (1August
;; ù:J.å.äo-æloÃ
21 çu¡lFouo) Ibid-, P'1'
22 (u I /Fouo) Ibid', P' 39'
'*ïi*r'
rsí*qï,î*"*n',+i'i*l*:***,ffi :rîriirîî'f
L
for victinrs tortltre'
of

To?sÊenssJ
 ::";Íi i##ï-:*'!*.':'-:¡¡r,:'--- r-¡;o

41..(s//FoUo)Asecondunclassifiedl.August2002oLC
opinion aàclressed the international law aspects of such
me lhods
illt"oo gutions,24 This opinion concludecl that iirterrogation
the Torhrre
that clo not violate tg U.S.C .2g4}wou1d not violate
of the
convention an<i would not conre within the jurisdiction
lnternational Criminal Corut'

42. Lr aclclition to bhe two unclassified

opinions, orÇilffiã-*lother legal opinion :" 111ry::"??:'
t'
tff'"d;';
I
;a#IA.zs (Appendl
\- r t. c ;f ffi:
"f T]-" .?1dï::'^1 l:
CIA's Acting General bottot*t, rliscussed whether the çr1gLs,:1Ït"
of EITs i:r interrog"ti"g Abu ZubayclahrvouJ'{.violate
et,l*t tU-
prohib i bi on on toitr¡r'u I ft,u opiniol conclude d ütul 1t : :{"TÏ::1
ibrr Zubayduh would rìot víolate the torh-rur-e statute.bei..lTt?:j11ilg
other .thingu, Agur,.y pu.roo,tel : (1) woulcl l: t tq :tilitly ilf:1.1:
. *ff.ting, and (2) rvould not Ìn fact inflict severe
pain or suffering.
"i

43. %sEl[ This oLC opiniolwas based uPol't

specific ,.pr"ãæ/ cIA con.ce*it g the marmer ínwhich EIl's
ôodd be àpplied in the irrterrogation of Abu Zubaydah' For "no
last
example, Of.C rn¿as told that the EIT "phase" lvould,iikely
,,rore than several days but corricl lasf up ¡o thirty dl't."
The EI'Is
..
woulcl Lre used on "arr as+reeded basis" ancl ali would not necessarily
"in sc¡me sort of
be used. Further, the Eil-s \Â,ele expecteci to be trsecl
not
escalaiing fashion, cuiminating with the wateÏboard though
the ElTs
nu.urrurñy encüng with this te-chniqtte." Although some of

of conduct, although a single incident coul<l constihtte tolttlre'

ol'c aiso noted that coults may
the level of "severe pain and
be willing to find , *ia" ,i"!u of physical p.T l.n rise to
only acts "of art
rrffÃgi' Ultima tely, f,å*J".r, öf.ê conåudecì fhat the cases show that
renedy for tclrture"' lYhite House
extreme nature have be!¡r reclressed under the TVPA's civi'l
Counsel Memoranclum at22 -?-7.
24 p / lriouo) olc opinion by John C. Yoo, Deputy Assistant Attorney General oLC
(1Ausust2002).
,utu*EN{e¡norandumfor}olrnRizzqActingGeneralCotrrrsetoftheCentral
fr,teìngm[ã-.Ç, "Interrogation of ai Qaida Operatiye' (1 August 2002) at 15'
 ,;i'{''_- .'
::.t-r

îÕp-s$e*år/

I
i" ;il;;
rnightbeusedmorethanonce'.'Tu'repetitionr¡'illnotbesuìrstantiaì
l" J
ar ter ti"""' s ev er a

b e c ar', e tr''. t.'n'ii'q'åö;; 1q

that:
it rvas explained
*utu'to*d'
repetidonr." witttî;;J;"
tr-tu

. ' . tire incrividuar

is bouncr ::'"fÏåi:ff:tr*iîi:t';;;'Ïìi
ir,¿i"i¿''¿'s feet are 8:ne1tttg""ili;i,iin' ãi'i' t"
is then apli:'åiti.';t;Ïì:ä ^untir it
forehead
""iï;;'-\i/^ter
cont¡otied *unnu''
As this O
1'-""å;ä tää"t¡ is saturated ar"td
.

:Ïå: iî*"'Til"h i"î"' îr.I" ão now is sri ghtlv -

i:ffiì#lï io'u'on¿'.¿""'å til P;tt:"" "l llå;:ilïöi
* '"Jöìå iì ã"ü"" ¿':ä:ÏJï:;5;ålllllÏ;;u .'n"
reshictecl
car*es
"'iJå'i
Iti::riilirïäij+r:ipåru***rf
"suffocation and inc\:ient Poil?
:Ì:iå-"å,:
îrrngr. During those
*.iår'i",i t",
u-re indivic{rral does ""lb':1t::;i;i;;;;il.¿ rl.il l lreight of It2
it
20 to 40 secónds'-wa'.": ::,11äi"-.tå,i'tå tified' and thc
erro:/.
io 2+j inclres' After this f

iî,Hif#llitr"g$
w a ter is""' :i::ä)åï
usuallv o pp-lild ft

""io*"ti "
3-

iåËiää'i'ff
cirowning' [Ilt
i$;ffii'ffi'*Håiîfr:
tlr is likelY that
applicatioir'
¡'t u"y ott"
than 20
'it'*ltt
Finally,.theAgenqP':Ì:1ì::1:Jf#åhîi:î,îli':t;it'":-:::,,.
*t-tol:'Ë;;"#;;
¿t ., /rtruy,tal-t and rvitln rhat the use of E1'fs
the SERE program
psychologi"î'î*ttted with oiC reliecl on these ot
*t"tii"h-;:
æ'*
that no oirvsical lra¡n
woulci. cause no iong
its cäctusion
representutioï] toìîpport on him.f the
run.rraï."ii frorn t'e uit
j|.ir., r.ãiå
orotonged z¿

Ë;;;;itl"ding tne waterboard'

ffi
IT"äi.àtîn;iìnt ieportea sophistication
as
,i:i,':*îitîl:!:tlii*:!ï*:#Ë:,
'.*¡ ì"ìr* oLC opínion' 'ln retrospect' based on u ç -i.-ry arr
or uÌ:
l. of t¡rs EIT was"uit*llutu
*¿ that the powerr-H'j
it retared to the warerliorå, exp
aPPre.ra ouurr,ored in rhe

ir* snnn !åyaorofistliruerrogators

otr

olufs contends thatthe

ilËï;,ñimore,
 -1:i-i-ii i,lai.-.

44. %Smj oGC conrinLlecl to consult ivith DoJ as rhe

CTC Interrogation frogrâm and the trse of EITs expandecl beyoncl the
interrogatioñ of Abu Zubaydah. This resulted in ihe producfion of
or, ondutud and unsigneddocu:nrent er-rfitled, "Legai Principles
Applicable to CIA Dãtention and Inte'rogation of Capture
Aî--ea,ida persorur.e1."27 According to OGC, ihis analysisryas 91f
coordinated witlr ancl drafted in substantial part by OLC. In adclidort
to'reaffirmilg the previous conclusions regardíng the torhrre stafute, '

ihe analysís ånciúdes that the federal lVar Crimes statute, 18 U.S'C'
2441, does not appty to Al-Qa'ida because members of that grouP aÎ--e
not entitled to ptito.t.t of war status. The anllysis adds that "the
[Torh:r'eJ Convention permits lhe use of [cruei, inh'uman,
or
degfacling treaffirentl in exigent circtrmstances/ such as a national
u*lutgut^t.y or waf." It also states that the interrogation of Al-Qa'ida
tlu*b"rs d.oes not violate the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendrnents
because those provisioru clo not aPPly extrater:rítoria!, nor ctoes it
violate the Eighth Amendinent because it only applies to persons
upon rvhom.ti*irrut sancLions have been irnpclsed. Filrally, the
anatysis states that a wirle range of BITs a¡rcl other techniques rvould
not ccxrstituie concluct of the type that woul.d be prohibitecl by tl-re
Fifth, Eighth, or Fou¡teerr'ûr.Amencltnents evelÌ lvere they to be
applicable:
'Iihe use of the following techniques and of comparable, approved
techniques cloes nOt violate any Federal statute or other law, s'here
the CIÁ interrogators do uot specifically íntend to cause the
detainee fo urclergo severe physical or mental pain or suffering
(i.e., ihey act with the good faitl'ì.lreltef that their conduct rvill not
cause such pain or suffering): isolation, reduced caloric infake (scl
long as the amount is calculated to maintain the general health of
the cletainees), deprivation of reading material, loud music or lvhite

the waterboard v,¡as probably nrisrepresented at the time, as the SERË rvaterboa¡cl experience is
so differcnt from the snbsequent Agency usage as to make it al¡nost irrelevant. Consequently,
according to OM$, there rvâs ao a príori reason to believe thaf appllng the waterboard wiih the
frequency ancl intensity'rvith rvhich it'r.r'as usetl by the psVchologist/irrterrogators was either
eflicacious or med.ically safe.
,zhqm..LegalPrinciplesAppIicabtet<lÇI,¡!Qe!n!!onandlnterrogationof
aop*rffii rersonner, ¿rracneu,o-ilffi*.r u J ur is ¿uvJi.

bnspensv
 avoid damage t9
tle
level calcullt-di
noise (at a decibei

tlffñ$$,firåg¡5$ii#j*gr+-#-
diaPers, the ul

G C' this an a $ T-:it itî ;åt:iîiäliiä: î^

Acco r crirrs,g g t?¿l "
fä#;ãJt,*i,r,econcritiorrsthat
f*äå:lg,::i;i:î'"1fi
in that oPinion'
;J;;;.iried
wrfl Exncurwr¿'vo Co¡¡cREssIoNÂL
Norrcr ro /1¡lD colvsutrÂTloN
OETTCTALS

45:
fiåiob' Tht uct
üre legatitY of E ;äJ#tratioriof
p"uóä'ri ánd senio' legal o f f icìals on
the
wìth NSc ï^.r"*äîäiitv *1
'

brief ed un n, "n
ï"î* åiiå
proposed*"'Ifr ioärulioruoo'"i*öi'"îÏ'{îå3:i"#iin"t
Oversight Comrn
Ïntelligerrce
ãf tflu Congress'""^f and EITs'
both standarcl iåtfrrliqots
tltgiîÎî,#;ïîf:it
*a Fs# F
early ?'90?'
tontinueó to inform
tury9
of the G"ou'utffiill'
t t"t"*'l ;;
i; tÌt; cT c ? r o g r am' Th
officïals^^u*lîäilüor.r.îcã"g'essionalOversight
e

c o mmitteu' " iuì t:tr''ä'''-

actions'
of and apProve CIA's
Agency'p"t'f'JuTy*uotø*ti''"î'uürattheseofficialsandthe
u*ä.
Conrmitre.,åffir;J* ir. Hotrse
**l"twithwhite
TTre Gener^r #ä;iãigg^iî" rpîr.
co'nser*d;ff;;,,¡äñsci:iiär;;.*l'-iiffiål?iîil'ir.u
co*tr beøirning in Decern
and offict ;;;i Detention and
"f u"¿ u'u"¿'r1uJrlilu"crc's
them on the
"oit
lnterrogation Prb granr'

EsE)
¿2.
t'"t'""ï;;;;iÃfruiß
.tt-??* L:
Representatilel :f and the General
e s ence
::i
1i'-
;:i ñ;i' l:o"
*"
pru,.,i..år*I"ui'.:::"",::_::ii##;i,ilrnterigelc:,-.
ä. *tt '"**;iltïTærd o r,t\e

bo.o*el,continu' .,
'Co.u.wel, :corrtinued
P-r
to bner "J*'r"p
--^ ^for"n.
use o detentions1n I
deteptions.n February
on the "ncl
õ;;;ùi t Comrnittees
,.ïË.1 iffiæ,æ:'":g:=l rÊi1!.*-;:-Ér-rri

and. March 2003. The General Counsel says that none of the
participants expressed any concem about the techniques or the
Prograrn.

48. On29 Jrtly 2003, the DCI anct the General

Corrnsel proviclecl a-¿ãtaiied briefing to selected NSC Principals on
CIA's deiention and interrogation efforts involving "lúgh value
d.etainees,,, to include the expanded use of EIfs.2S According to a
Memorandum for the Record.preparedby the General Counsel
followin¡5 that meeting, the AttorneyGeneral confirmed ihat DoJ
of the expanded use of various EFfs, including multiple
^pptonuà
a!!hcations of theìvatêrboard.2e The General Counsel said he
bãiieves everyone in abtendance was aware of exactly what CIA rvas
doing with réspect to detention and interrogation, ancl approved of -
the effort. According to OGC, the senior officials were again briefecl
regarcling the CTC Program on 16 September 2003, anc{ tl're
lnieltigence Committee leactership was briefed again in September
2003. Ág.ain, according to OGC, none of those involved in these
ìrriefürgs expressed any reservations about the! program.

G wn nN cnoru c/uÏruRr/ "ETEMrroN/,{ND INTERRo GrtrIoN

49, Guidance ancl traÍning are Éunclarnental

to the success and integrity of any endeavor as operationally,
politically, and legalLy complex as the Agency's Deterrtion and
Irrterrogation Program. Soon afterg /tI, the DDO issued Fuid
the standards for of terrori

50. The DCI, in Janua.ry 2003 approved

formal "Guidelines on Confinement Conditions for CIA Detainees"
(Appenctix D). and "Guidehnes on hrterrogations Conducted

(U//FOUO) Memorandurn for the

Tü¡SE$RE.I/
 t-ì::E -+:!t ^-"

-!-;..tirl r;.3::1--:::j';-'r:'

Tõr,:st¡er+gl/

ffiH
briefings ancl eì r'-'c trt'** ::
tieltt
;ï:ì"':Ï;'
Håuaqi.^rters, to the

t
.orrrr.rroi@

rroi-sr.etur;
I
I
I
:

i
I

!
I
 ;;
manage detentior.

Tffi*'or,v 2oo?'

iõrsr-lffiFr-'
 '[hey urus[
review uideli.nes and si grnerrt thattheyhave
done so.

. 59. !s¿El Th* uCI Gricleli*es s^pcr:ifv legal

"mirtimums" alcl reqtrire th¡t "dr.rc proi'ision ¡nrr$t be takcn to protect
the health and safety ol'alì CIA clel¿rinees." I'lio C,r.rideli.nes clo not
require ûrat conctittons ci f co rrf i rrt-:¡rrcrt t ;r t tirt: cle tr:¡r l i on facil.i ties
conform to U.S. prison or other stancl¿rrcls. At a rni:ü¡nuur, itolvever,
detention facilihes are to provicle'basit: levels of rrre.ciical care:

Further, the guidelines ¡:ror,ide thai:

 D CI lnterrogation Guideline$
cTc and oGc
to
60. (È/Ê{'EI Prior Ianyat12003'
disseminatuag,,iåi;.Jïi^å^ur",:.äi|.,îffi ilf ;lå:ffi ;T{i"-"
o g a dons
äJ-to^u u' *', îS;ääitråi* A;;. *uã w ¿ i'.rsintoo d' o r
u
terr

Ç"ttty *^i'19::" qement *o"t *lv"il"J

t"1 a,. urd,e
;;""s" an atlÎ; *itÉ ti',. g*¿*'åT'åiTj"¿" No1 did the
led Agencv

agreed to comPlr
rnaintâin"'"#:il:T'i:.i'-:T:"-ti"ái"i¿"^tswhohadbeen
cedu'es'
iìiätii"" i'iioi s gu tion pto

engaged

üle aPyßLqv¡Y ffi:f;

ã,,i¿.ü*.,,,.."Jî*offi:ilrr';ffi * å;iff,i*entation'
and have completed

6z (sfÊffir rhe DCI Ii:T^:îåf"åfäïöïn1;ff .,,

ï,iffi"',f :;in::';fi*ffi'w * "'î'îi

ana o ürer

personneiacrinsä;J'*ùl;-!*liliiiå:fäJ-:'iîiffi -".,
l#n::; J;ff'ä:' ä "i'rrhanced
::*:f,'åI"åf

EïtrE#REll
 ìöpseengÏ/

Techrrtiques."33 EITs require advance approval from Headquarters, as

clo standard techniques whenever feasible. The field must d.ocument
the use of both standard techniques.and EITs.

63. h$,f rhe DCI Intenogation G*idelines define

"standard interrogátioñtãcluúques" as techniques that do not
incorporate significant physical or psychologicai pressure. 'Ihese
techLrriques include, but are not iimited. to, alllawful forms of
questioning employed by U.S.Iaw enforcement a-nd military
interro ga tion p ers orurel, Amon g s tærdar cl interrogation tecluiques
are the use of isolation, sleep deprivation not to exceed 72 hours,u
reduced caloric intake (so long as the arnoturt is calculatecl to
maintai¡r the general health of the detainee), deprivation of reading
.material, rtse of loud music or white noise (at a decibel level

T
calculated to avoid damage to the detainee's hearing), the use of
for limited not to exceed 72 hours
moderate
Ps Pressure. fion Guidelines do not
specifically prohibit irnprovised actions. A CTC/Legal officer has
saicl, however, ihat no one may emplgy any technique outside
sp ecifically identified stand ard tecluúques without Headqu arters
approval.

0¿.ìæD Efi-s inelude physical actions and are

defined as ."techniques tlrat do incorporate physical or psychological
pressure beyond Standard Tedmiquès." Headquarters must approve
the use of each specific Em in advance. EITs may be employed only
by trained and certified interrogators for use with a specific detainee
ancl with appropriate medicai and psychological monitoring of the
Process.3s

33
!¡fte 10 approved EITs are descibed in the textbox on pãge 15 of thls Réview'.
,u̡s[AccordingtotheGeneraICourrsel,inlateDecember2003,theperiodfor
sleep deprivation was reduced to48 hotus.
35
lrs¡[¡ BeforeEffsa¡e ad
 r';t "'^"' - '
j: :i'r: :
tnr!-',F r" ':i¿ri;>{
!:î,?::.1 ttíE-â!s.=)::: '

Meclical Guidelines idelines for'

gutoeutrso '"-
OMS prepared.draft
65. ,oororr-t@
medical a+d

;ñFF)
gations
Training for Interro
t

66.
f:n btroveinb:t 11T" fi
1
certifY

'-

!i

. -:.¡
inclucling a for¡lrer SËRE inslrttctgr, clesignecì the crtrriculttnr, tr'irich
i:rcluded a u'eek of cl"ìssroon'r instt¡lqtion foliorvecl
"hancls-ott" hailring i.¡r EITs,

Onie certified, an
interrogato¡: is .1u=gg4 ualifiecl to corrcluct 4nfnlgrrogalion
lovins EITs.
 l!i¡tt::-:;:':"'.
+F-.æ?i!rç{ftl

comPly

acknow te*$' tcr "'lttogutio" Guidelines'

vs---
rvith the DCI's lnterrogartu*

6s
course for Agenc
#n";if i'ii*!,p he,å a debriefing
är"'u*r'u

.üä;;.,-d:1,.ff)îft1'#il:+Ë"u'Ti"*li:å"li^*
deemed "comPlt
non-interr"s{"äti'åu"L'ti:L1|;:il'g1:ffif
dv' rhe cou* -
åft#*i:"'
ää.i,.ã; *" cp us i tr-,. I,s*",ï.f; i:ll*. o. t
to
c

i:Ë*;;i'*:;;ilJil"f.ï::; "rt

Interrogatio+ L
illiåiiiï¿^*+@

I
t

ÎõPsÊeFr{U
Ê
t.¡:,.';r.'è!3!i!ü"iì !;;t

ri-irrstgagJ

@ffi**rt'l{,W't

15 Notcrnìrer

":'::'ll:i
alithori
tïre lrecess¡rt¡ I le¡'lc'ìlt¡rtcrs

1:.I1.

fP-\"c+Elr
 îöPST!RËIJ

psychologist/interrogators began Al-Nashiri's intenogation Phg

his itttr,idiately rrpóo his arrival. At-Nashiri pnovided lead
infor¡nation on otler
inJor¡nation terrorists dllrqg
other terronsts IISI oay
ruq first
during his day or interrogation'
of utler'
On the fwetfth day of interrogatio"npsychologtstl
interrogators adnijnistered two appGtions of the waterboard to
Al-Nasiiri during two separate inierrogation sessions. ffig:^.g¡
in år Xr-Ñ"tr.[i.o"ut tiuough 4 Decernber 2002f
".d

Videotapes of Interrogations

zz. tFs[¡ Heaclquarters had intense interest in

"'\'*-r - r
keeping ab¡eàst of all aspects of Abu Zubaydah's interrogationf
Üincluding compliance with the guidance provide{ !o ltte
ï"iffi
;ite to the uãe of Éns. Apart ftgE l$grlgguY.tl TÍ before
äi ;:'åi;d,; äJ #i;öffi ï;;,äËË; e cided ro

videotape the interrogation sessions. One initial purpose was to

ensure a record of Abu Z;.fuayda'n's medícal condition and freahnent
should he guccumb to his wo-unds and questions arise about fhe
medical care provided. to himby CIA. Another puqpose was to assist
in the pteparåtion of the debriefíng reports, although the team
advised itCTfegal that they rarely, if ever, were gtgd for that
pirrpose. There ireg2videotapes,L2 oÍ,whicS ínclùde EIT
ãpp1icaUons. An OGC attorney revíewed the videotapes'in
Ñovember and. Decembet 20t2to ascertain compliance with the
August2002 Do] opinion and compare what actuallyhappened with
what'çvas reported to Headquarters. He reported that there was n0
deviation from the DoJ grridance or the written record'

78. OIG reviewed the videotapes, logs, and

cables ffi-.y 2003. OiG identifiect 83 waterboarcl
alrlr]ications most of which lasted less than L0 seconds.rr

ålJk"î,iii.Yï;î;;i*tifli""ål]'åi:nccnstit'lrtedeacrr

TCIr"sË!Rnt/
 iüÌÎ:;i:"' "'
i=+;iå!ã'¿';';;ål

ît'-r--errl

gauon

fu*um::
'"ffii'r;ffi:ï:i
fi*íl;:ilfïffi
& ZI-ßuu¡¡ yvr¡v--
YYeÙ not
.flell was
that
[ffi3^":1"'.-waterboar"sessions'
LrL!' videotapes.
olr the
Y-'- l¡ed. on
rrvv captureo
Y^e-- -

*n**;,ffi #:Hfr:ï"î'ffi
gru*mç¿t*ä:îili"rrrru;tly;'xn*'-
o:"* ío'hu

"d;
á*ä Ë:Yoäff ':itr#ii #,"'-. r{ i:f#ffJi iiå'
ïlå:ff ""í,tr#Jï..^rrqu,,ug*th"iotu"or"";ïå;îtrasltrr3^
rur-;"nît'*.
olwater to a cloth,that-co::rr:1J:;räJ*g"cl that'the
ir.'"f'v"ry'?ri'J'ä:åå"å:'ff ïåï;;5EREï.o*'u"d
:irffi:.'"5$ä
Agency's use

it is "ror
of the teclrniqut ilÍ';*tbecause
explained rn* *îïä"-ry' "tdö;
'àrrcl i* tutd c'onvincing'
real"
^oiå"po!ant

80.
2003
f,Septembut
a

ñ"-ftt-*-oClContinemeru"**I!å;t*"sspecif
drat
icaily
äitÏ"*ã, the addítional
"oa

îü'w#Rgil
 ItlP-ffit,,

addressing reqrrirements ior OñfS persr-lmel. This servec! to

strerrgthen the conìr)r<ìhrl .r.ncl conh'ol e:tercisc,J over the (lTC
Program.

Baclcgro uud ¿lrci fJ e t,ri ne cs

T-OFSEGRST/
 !
i

lorst!*Pr/

,l i

--:
4 .. __

=
Torst*ErJ
.*-ä i#l*-ã-1Íå;Ërä*ìïi;"ä=: l#i'.-:ês-':::,::.,..-- - ...i:;?::.¿t t::.i:.:-'L.n:--...,...

îöTrñ!REri

Guidance Prior to DCI Guiclelines

89.
nth.As"gEIJgg¡
briefings and cables
¡g.viding legal and operational
that contained HeadÇluartersl
guidance and dÌscusseãEe toirure statute and the Dof legal opinion.
CTC had alqo established a precedqnt of detailecl cables between
and Headquarters regarding th9
inees. The written guidance did
not address ihe fou¡ standard interrogation techniques that,
according tCI CTC/Legal, the Agency had identífied as early as
November20A2.sß Agency persorurel were authorized to employ
standard interrogation techniques on a detainee without
Headquarters'prior approrral. The guidance did not specifically

ælSf+¡eUne four standa¡d interrogation tecÌrniques ¡.¿ere: (1) sleep deprivation not to
exceed 72 hours, (2) conhnual tae of light or clarkness Ín a cell, (3) loud music, and (4) white noise
ftackgouncihun),
 adclress the use
of props to imprv "
ÏHï:*$:ïÏî i*ryi*-f
i¡f i#ffi*t;**Xnru"ffixl;",flms.'miäJu
to enstue that'9er111
were in place
orr rhe existing
roinr*a poli.y guidance'
ed Techni ques
d' or U ndocument
S p ecif ic Un authorize

f"ffi äîirfftryp'åff.",:r:;l:"
iÏi*?äoieïiiååff ä;*f;*iåruççïffi :'å:'"å'."f."
durirrg the Revi
,**x***r*çgg$ffiffi"*ry;"e
'î::i:tr;#':iT#r,tr"l,TtrË:äry:*'['rlil"s11..,
\
I

\
ïij"
tf-tãy aia not
ra¡alraut separate

Drill
u
".

Handgun and' Power

t
I,
(

t ffiessAl-Ì'Jashiri'
;lh
': ol-Yi$f;
i
*.^fl 'I'he debrier"t-39:::¡:É
u-^'
{i withholding in f orrna
norl¡ ir L w -G. r
ffiffi. between
I
handcuJ
i',re. and'
ryil..'
.)
''l ",.ì
Ë
4

*tz
i
28 Decemb et2}02aIrd l January 2003,the debriefer used an
unload.ed serrLi-automatic harrdgun as a ProP to frighten Al-Nashiri
into disclosing informafion.¿+ Àfter discussjng thiJplan withE
EU.u ctebi{efer entered the cell where Al-Nashiri sat shackled ancl
t^ck"d fhe handgun once pr twice ciose to Al-Nashiri's head.as On
rvhat was pr'obabty the same day, the debriefer used a Power drill to
frighter"r ei-i.ttasniti. WithEI consent, the debriefer ente red
the detai¡ee's ceil and rewed the clrillwhile the detainee stood
naked. and hooded. The debriefer clid not touch Al-Nashiri lvith the
power dri1l.

93. ìS!NRI Theiland

clebriefer clicl uot request
authorization or reporl the use of these unauthorized bechniques to

ruï#îHïï'#Hif; 3,3illa:i*ä'.ï:åRå1i'*"
-Headquãrte?s. OIG investigated and refen'ed its findings to ihe
Criminal Division of DoJ. O¡ LL septerfibet 2003, DoJ declined to
prosecute a¡rcl tumecl. these matters ovet to CIA for disposition.
These fircidents are the subject of a separate OIG Report of
lnvestigation.a6

Threats

94,
same Headquarters debriefer
was present, tlueatened Al-Nashiri by saying that if he clid not talk,

in here." Th del¡ riefer reportedly wanted Al-Nashj.ri

to infer, fot p@g"ìËsons, that tñe debriefer mightbil
ElinieLiiÊenceofficer based on his Arabic ciialect, an¿ UraiRt-
Nashiri was in custody because it was ividely beiieved in
Middle East circlës-iñat interroga Lion tectur-ique involves

44 (S7fN¡FJ This individual was not a trai¡red interrogator and rvas not autho¡ized to we EITs'
a5 {U//FOUO¡ Racking is a mechanical proceclure used wjth firearms to cha{r¡ber a bullet or
simulate a bullet l¡eine cñambered.
a6 pl/Nü) unauthoiized lnterrogation ru.noit r.rf, 29 october 2003'
'''.t.:t.
:) i?il:È:.i':'¿r. :ti :

fror-rt of the detai¡ee' The

relativglin familv' rhe
sexually abusing femaie
ctebriefer denjed
#ätÑ he ias
,niîuîã ^l-l'l1i*;h;*ennis "'ii:i::Tiito
**",***iffi ftffi
oruo ^ã'-'*31u0ï*''o
debrierer ;;tt" ffi'; but let
from
l're
is or¡tn c
Ai-Nas

tor, one
"l-th"-

ffiætt"T erePott
t¡uf .ePort did not
-t* of the Ë
iiffi-. . hacl been
EffieatT

"*ãi"^,á-*hat the law

Srnoke
r Aiencl

r claime c,

ffiffi'ö"üiliî,,ïö'f,Ì:xxffi
"åî;'ã; ,ã".o" il'ñ; ;ü T9"1l*3*:iJi:t
nrev clicl this to sarc
This irttertogator
;
i'.térrogu*" ¿tqli":å î;'t'**¡1 *riatm''
"iJJrt' turolher Agency
d.o this aguirt uu'åiä du¡ine two sessrons
interroga,o' u¿"Iää
t{;nt ut'o''äoîtJtiguts
wiihAr-Nashiritomaskry',11'{X$:i;;Ï;*u¿u:i*u¿hedid
f ace

îå||fi#ïffi ;ï.;ili-"i,,,o,qr-srasrriri's

'{iT'í
 a?F¿ | i#-?ãgriår.ì*.-;-ir::.*î:Li ti*j-¡:¡:-i:,i-::,: :.;

Stress Positions

97. OIG received reports that interrogation

team membeñìñ!To¡ !otentially injuriorrs sfress positions on
Al-Nashiri. Al-Nashiri ivas required to kneei on the floor ancl lean
back. On at least one occasion, an Agency officer reportectly pushecl
Al-Nashiri backward whjle he lvas i:r t!js stress positio4.-On another
occasl0l'ì sa.id he had to intercede afte
xpressed concern the!:\I-Næhili's arms might be
dislocated from his shoul<t"tt.Eexplainecl thai, at the time,
the intenogators were attempting to put Al-Nashiri in a standing
stress position. Al-Naslúri was re!ortedly lifted off the floor by his
arms while l-ris arms were.bound behind his back with a belt'

Stiff Brush and Shackles

98. terrogator reported that

l-re wibress ashiri that the
ínterrogator k¡rew were not specífically approved by DoJ' These
includecl the use of a stiff brush ürat was intended to induce pain on
Al-Nashi¡i and standing on Al-Nashiri's shackles, which resulted in
cuts and bruises, VViren questioned, an interrogator who was al'
nacknowledged^that they usecl a sliff ü'.rsh to bathe
Al-Nashiri. He described the brush as the kíncl of brush one uses in a
batlr. to remove sfubborn dirt. A CTC nranager who had heard of the
incident atflibuted the abrasions on.Al-Nashiri's ankies to an Agency
officer accidentally stepping on Al-Nashiri's shackles while
repositioning hirn into a stress position.

Waterboard Technique

99. The Revíew determined that the

interrogators used the waterboard on Khalid Shaykh Muharnmad in
a manner inconsistent with the SERE application of the waterboard
¿rnd the description of the waterboard in tl're DoJ OLC opinion, in that
the technique was used on ]Cralid ShayldrMuhammad a large
number of tinnes. According to the General Coursel, the Attomey
-...r./
Genera,".*î'tf,îË,[ijiïì';åi';:î:ï'*;Ï{:'#i;J'i:"
and tl
waterboard
u',ijî"u"1::lylå:å'*:ïå.:il"':$f:r*l:"1':$ii'sona
lfttonrLtrcr rrr" "
-- '
Genéra] was
single individual'
¿g|Tqtr) ïhet:l-(.ürrn!(.',íi.1¡tt.JIÅuti¡riltr.ì1 s:.¡te¡.'¡cth-,'..'.ll:ì,r,ir¡.1\
informerl us ih¡t it is trl:rly rhat tiris etJu¡t" 1..ç¡terL.Lr.¡¡(ìl ',tculd ñrìt l,ìJt r'¡',ùie tit¡¡r lÜ r:',rn,.¡tes
in anv one aoolic¡tion."
 i=
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53 hç.I l'l.,e írrsr ses:¡on ¡:f the i¡',i*i¡..g¿rioìì cûirrs¿'regi:r in ì\-o'trni['tr ?i:02 :'t'tr
paragrapìrs ó,i-03
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153,

154.

É:' 1r

-ïûfrÈJ-R
 ,;-,.'Èj: i#j+É1,-;;:.o.È'-.;Í:: ::1ì:l-' !:ar':Í; ¡ ; jj i:. ..
i;"*;:î¡-+i+=ri+,q+g,,.1¡t;'a+ili:;!t:-.::'i,:,,,¿-¡' ;

T(.li-si*i¿
'i

i'.
¡l
^l
:l t,
I
ì
î.t
.11

ii. i:
;r
.::i!
j;:il
:¡.il
:ìl

ri.;
ìili
titìl
iti$

irit
lllìli

O
\o
a¿
CI.
u-)

: r'l:--lili

irli iì1
I

!
 Specifïô Unauthorized
or U"ry
as brtt

,ou,tss . ti that '

out"tt't investigations
irtto

165.
TL oIG opened separate

ata fla-seql":
iffi¡*
lffirx"ruiäí".ö,'i:î
cases
In other " Tiä"u.Jo*, or
^g_t-l rakenby emproyees
äï:"lJ,t'åiååffi:il"re*Y:::,i:*'Ãå.*r.tå"J'ål,neacrions
îãiC^**' "l tolffåïåï'å::iiiä'äo u:tio'ív' o"
managernenthas

Pressure ?oïnts

166.

ffiåIi."
tedlY

õ¿ a "Prêsoute
dgta¡rrcc !
detainee's rr"v^r'-rF
neck'
tid artery,
to restrict the det¿

*
Hæ iåä**-:#;¿:ttl¡f{-ãËl !ä?#j'.'.+::¡;,:+-r:=,'¿+''¿r lf-:t'" 'ii:i;':i.'L

ho was
t67.
facing
taLAL! the
Llle shackled detairtee,
s¡(sv¿\wr
his eyes to the Point
the
that the detainee would nod anã s¡¿rt to pass ouf then,
hook the detainee to wake hirn' This
td of tty": uP.Pli'11:".: 1:tÏl',';
":,fl':
ledgøito oIG that he laid \ands
he was going to lose
o noted"thatie hafl
íecäntly haã never been instTi¡cted how to conduct interrogations'
reportréd
16S. (!risg) c{c management now a\4¡are of this
js

incident, the severiÇ of which rias disputgd' TlTT.of Pt:t:llT ., -

advised the
is not, a.rrd had not beçry authorLed, and CTC has

Mock Executions

=- --
-

ffib1T1o.j*.,1J:1"
fire handgun outside
a interrt the
was ínterviãwine a deteuee.l¡iho.was thought tobe withholding

ä:ää;'il"ffi
*t"."^ Uor',. rt Es ta ge d the incident, which incl¡¡$$
äiü'";h;; ån ä¡r''ài" " ap
ftn*
guard.s, ihe gu"ards moved the d.etainee from the'interrogation
íoo*, they passed ã grrard who was dressed as ahc¡oded detainee,
tying motionless on úu gto..*d, and made toappear as if he had
been shot to death.
 r*irk
it.
u?t"t incident' L1"lli-1"äì,i"-n¿:e.*"q"e t9 indt

ffiil+s*ä',*äî:i
in fronr 'ru *-trrrir"d notify Ïl
(rr
to
believe he rvas ret d mocr
ä*:;
:iting ;h;
the eatlier'
earuer¡ trLurv¡z----
iuaePorte
. ^_^oorinn* otfi.arG

-rHå
î:n#m*i'*'r**iåtrååJJ:i,!*^.:."^n
î:i,iiiüJ#"'ï:E-:*"1,^iåiffii1ffi:uii!/L'git'
and
o "T:11
admitted staging to the
rzz. ("¡/¡ffIJhe ii"Ë';ãigor$s
,
ä..":ÈE¡ryof showing'^":",iïìr^;äiõinterrogato'¡ii

.iåffi;ut eorploving,i"lffi *"rd;i ã..rrrt"d. or ir

,'iãG--uo¡t¡ornlovtnsa'Y^';;tä;i.::":L:1;J.'jJ:y;Tur,.,o,
^.,
it *.1:,
.

I
ä".*,*f i;î'il:äffi'äåi'ä'lä;.';itecnvet
;
believable'
I
I

i
:

'I
it

5i
 .,:"ä i 1ffi5-.'":*::¡:-:+::G:i:r:Êi1

173.
o were interviewed admitted

described staging a mock execution of a detainee.

Repo ! a cletainee who wihessed the "body" in fhe aftermath of
the ruse "sang like a bird.:'

L74, revealed th4t approximateiY

stated he
had conducied a mock October or
Noverr.rbe r 2002, Reportgdly, rhd ffiã discharged outside of
the building, and it was done because the detainee reportedly
poSgggqgd .;tical threat information+stated
that he told
not to do it a He stated that he has not heard
of a sirtila¡ act occturing ince then.

Use of Smoke

175. ctA

cigarefte smoke was once as an interrogatíon teelrnique in

\,LL(JL,EI LVV¿-. I\'-T,'UILELLI-V, AL LILE IçL]LTgùL -'-

ffie frorn a thin cigarelte/cigar in the detainee's

face for aboutfive minutes. The detainee stqrted talking so the
smoke ceasecl, heard that a different
officer had used smoke as an interrogation technique. OIG
questioned numerous personnel whã hacl workedlFrbout
the use of smoke as a technique. None reported any knowledge of
-{he use of smoke as an interogation technique.
176.
Emitte d that he has personally used smoke
i¡halation techniques on detaine'es to make them ill to the point
where theywould start to "purge." After this, in a weakened state,
 iffiffi-*ri'. ti:':';n\

thes e detaineesgg¡|flS¡
informatioo/" o has'
abusing detainees

Use of CoId

Inlate
d.etainee*u''ilt"='*o*"0

**n**n+X*it'"ffiå*.ffigîffiï'npran
period' The plæt
lrtÇrLrçtç*
*.ä*o-week
VcI ab.v ' ..'i *'
Lev et D eprivali::"äj|rï;.o,|:
physi cal c omlott î'îiË
í"äJ,ä"üui'*".rplrvsicar
:TffiË#.1,ïiff:ïJ:H'ff
ä;;*î;'-P5,'5l:#äfiå:::
merltal/traine

crcLes'.fï:*"åäåiË:Ë^:î'î:iäî,äåf #f11i{:"
empl oying the "tïä'rä; r' ¡tev'--'
ooil. o,
detainee'sldis.comrorr crtr'ço :

I
ì

ì
 j r

:'"""'"";ëjæJ \iÉii¡¡"ai''r3-.
11'

if##:t'::
;

;*Êr#-'ær'ai:*æ:l;g+;

,æ.ffi
the use of cold sht

ä:lir:*:ffi1¡fi:^ff;,
ö*"ti..*Tn_t* the ;ä;t"gttot't
u::^o:Plished two
'
;å' u't'o*ur with
ul cooperative, the
a detaineewas
soats
o, .e*o'^'f'{ {î}"vg:*::$*
cold showe¡'
äl;il*ss or ã

1e
784.
s and naked,
dtoom'
er ätion'
;Ïtüi'.-uä;;' trut' d cooP

.iff;
#jm_ :î.*?i:ïLTffi;i*ä ...
uuu,,j,î1
"

asked rhetoricat
I-Ie stated that
ct
fuv^'r'
showers were administel*d * a
feateo ,"frwas left to its
:ftf"ryffiç; fii
the
äîä1ffi-
o" ot-ffi*ation or
e
the
is a cable

îÏå#.ii't*tins Guiu:]*1}Ío "ot

. _L

-- \úr¿rfl Although the Dcr

r¿o. #-*."
a
s.pll*.t2ouc o'a¡r '.-,1':;
rnention cold as
ä,riautiou,o'l¡'r'åiJuìäansv'1*q$:ffi":',:i"ti'i:i"'"r\F )
*'u""'
I
("ppundix
r*:#tr *:';;;Sl¡1t3i:ä'iJ'ì
I
i
:

I
when
{
rheoMs"*0"'i'"i;':"f :::l*n'*:::1ï'Jl":'J:whena
ffi ;;mp ature ranse er
a

#xr*#::'ïiJåi;
J

!
I
{i
I

I
;;;t." wet unclothed'
is or

i ..'

>ì
ii
 iiãåÍtä:Ëå+:';=-..".- :i:ç{+!

Water Dousing
ancl
187.
;Wutut d.*u¡tg" has been used
others who have
ficer introduced
ü..iffiõ;e to Lhe fäcility. Dousing involves 11{*q " **:Tuu
L0 to
down on a!hstic sheet anâpouringwater owerhirn for
maintained
L5 mir.ruter. ¿r..otfrur officerãxplain"ed that the foomwas
at room
atTA d.egrees or more; the gUards trsed water that was
temperaîme while the interrogator questioned the detainee'

TrgE A reviewnlllfiom April arrd

rur
1BB.
O
g,à;"ry õu glìt p ermiss íon"l":l
¿Tfito
^y2O employ r!ffiq"es for a ntrmber of detainees'
lnclucled. in the Uåt o? requested iechniques was water
dorying'zz
techrúques by
1

of the
Subseqrrent cables ¡eporie,t the use and du¡ation
detainåe per interrogutiot session.T3 One ce¡tified interrogator'
noting thät water dousing appeared to be a rnosj effective technique,
,uq.ruîtud CTC to confirm guidulit es On watef dousing' A
rehrn
or sheet,
cable ,ci¡ected that the d.etainee must be placed on a towel
may not be placed naked on the bare cement floor' and the air
temperature must exceed 65 degrees if the detainee.will
notbe dríecl
immediately.

*,,",T3;ffi :L:#ffi :i3;,ï"#än"J

Guid.elines, !owever, ider*ify "water dõusing" as one of L2 standard
as the
measures that OMS listed., inascending degree of intensity,
Llth stand.ard measure. oMS did not further address "water
dousing" in its guidelines.

water dousing as a technique wed, but

in a later parâgrâp
 t :':: ii'':i ¿'::'':::
I t\'':+'': :
'
::l-g¿#:1, ty''t#:>t':':' "'

Harci Takeclorvn

'x3;*, * :nïw
a detainee to the
lïäp'äài1":ln JHffiff"i'ï*'.",case
or

dfitr**,ïuËËËqÍffi î'ï{riåi,:".F..
;;ätty t;
ùã
concrete'. The
Ïux"dgrv 1 rçift
6turyolg$lgi
E*""'uo;;.' used atffi;
;ä;;;á *n¡,11y1*'.iiff :ffi ií ;;ã
"o'i'*o. - . to^ od
*uers
h ar ïr
^.,, that r

ËT1;t mg åïål*:i:iiJåi"lo-

'¿

-.i

.:

t:i
he was going to do a harcl takedown, he mrrst report it to
Headquarters. Although the DCI and OMS Guidelines address
physical techníques and treat them as requiring advance
Headquarters approval, they do not otherwise specifically address
the "hard takedown."

192. tated that he was generally

fasúliar with the technique of hard takedowns. He asserted that they
are authorized and beüeved they had been r¡sed one or nrore times at
Ein ord.er to intimidate ã detaine;. Estated
that he
would not necessarily know if they have been used a¡rd díd not
consider it a serious enough handling tedmíque to regtrire
Headquarters approval. Asked about the possÍbility that a detainee
may.have !gq* dragged on the $ound during the course of a hard
takedownf,respor"rded that he was unaware of that and did

ffi"ndthepointofdraggingsomeone.aIongt1recorridorin
orher Locarions outside of rhe crc
åfrîlffar
not within the scope of the
Ç'I'U lrrogram, fwo other ínciclents
2003.

- As noted above, one

Base76

i57lNilhr ]une z}Ïg,the U.S. milirary sought an Afghan

194.
citizen who had been implicated in rocket attacks on a joint u.s.
A*y and CIA position in Asadabad located in Northeast
Afghanistan. on L8 June 2003,this individuat appeared at Asadabad
Base at the urging of the local Governor. The individual was held in
a detention facility guarded by u.s. soldiers from the Base. During

76
ì$, For more than a year, CIA referred to Asadabad nrruorf
 i ¡ J- '
r'
''¿'t+!ì¡¿l li!¿¿fi:'t"'i'''"-'"'i
!#';i'i';'.';t:"'"' "'*' -
lf,l):: ?-'t: ::
'iã;,;;!:t¿i::-¿' iffiiffiææl*B:'pA

an Agenc¿inde?endent .

individual Y?.'1:"*tcl'
the four days the
conÍractor,who#;;;;u*'rit"v;jf ;ffi ::il*::'-S;ererv
irfr 'tr"1i:tr*!ffiiä:i*",frr:TËi:äîî:"å:ä,.his
d' p er ro rme
;; ;tJ" ùtl' " ".1ït"* o't*t
ín s date *it*'oit
* autop sy
familY on the totl

#,r*-'ffiå!*'x$$ffffi5s¡1;
;"ï;;i;oo" ufi"r tt''e incident' L

.ä.tt*ithDoJ'zz
a
InJulY2003
195.

1:96.
A teacher being *-':."1*F
nrayy,"t--'
inaPPrÇ-riate$'
lG ,<
smiled 4¡51 stocl of his rifle
used thebutt
torso'
PTt asttwice
to strike or "butts r'i"*i'o' rlús
rorrowed uv ,"'uiÏä"ätn5' 'o ""iî:JíT"'ioo'rv^

x*îr*i:;"st4i*******'m:*n:'-'
@ignment'

'i.
,l
i

ji

¿,
t'cir
 t'-i:Û'i l:"-:': '¿::' -!

.-.t.lE-:\
.,..:;':ä.'
A¡'¡¿lvn c LL s [II]P o tìT' To lN'rtn R o c.{ I'f o Ns

zo+.FilL)irectclr¡ter:f]rrtelljqr:trce¡ltl"t]r.sts
assignecltocrcp'o'i.lea'talt'tic.lStr¡r¡rçr¡¡toiltterrLlqati(ltìti..'.ttllsin
the lielcl. A¡ali si.s are l'esp(rrrsihle i1¡¡'¡levelo¡:t-n¡< retlLrireltrcrtL5 ior
the quesiiorlti"rg o! çlutq!'',"àt ut t"ull ut .
some cases,

Analvsts, horvever. dr:¡ noi

@tion of in.terroga iion tr:cluriqltes'
 t,+.!:..,-:... ...,:'- -.'
--.-
\,!llil:;r:.h,:"r:¿iÌ¡i!¡:|:.:':i'

**J:i'hä#'ll:.*ffJå'ä='î':;;"*1::9:S
priorìo initiation
".:it ttäö, *^1r.r
the and experts
was limit"a 1'"slih^;oåi,iä"r" *.
în; ;s;.y ti:Yd adequate
,tr:?t"wlecrse
ffir/*r: to'P
*"1 #:üii:#inx'ftt'm ioãï ;' ui."
Ied "*1:^1:,ÎT:iåäi"ii'ä-"fu
anarvsts
@
åiffiåä"ilk"t@
know'
did

g back

and knew molT:-

.l
 2[:8.

evidencerl in the final rvaterbuard sessiotl o¡ .'1trrr Ztrb¡r'dah.

Accortli¡ß
á\ccoI(¡.ulg to ¿ì ofiìcer, the
CTC oIilcef,
senior ulL
¿r Selliot trÌe irttr:Lrogatiorr teainl
llll-ettull(ttlult tuctlrtl
Itorisiclerecl ;\L.u ZtrLrayctah to Lre conrplialrt ¡ncì t4';'rttetl ir:r

termlnate lllT*c elievecl Abu Zubat'clah coufinr¡ecl to

withhold i n fornration,
 i'.1! lr:Z::: ì,'- -.1.
' )-r'; '

,.,.,.æ) æËÉ

ZubaYdah'

2l

Errrcrrye¡vrss prevented
-ã ts has

rhen-,Jå.t ;".
interrogation hat

i::#:î:lnn**c[$$:*åTç;ffiîg'çtu*,^
äffi:lå"t*"å::*n¡ç6;ç*g¡g*t,*tr'iäiË
th.*ì;;; do"Pt rhat stogt?Ï^ñrïsuuiutti.,e
thé not process and
ts
ä;ä;;tss of EITs' however'
without sorne concern'
caPtuling
When the AgencYbegan
ztz. (
Jå'd'J..Ju'*tn';r*M
!rrorists, managemg!
them off the sheets

e
i##Æl¡;*';.È'F. J,#:;=i#:*{¿*d:::.=;"i,!*:':: ::a:ä; ! ;¿Ë=í=1=jê-:*|¿+9r!..c¡¡_.r: j:-rb
'

mucn more
access to
significant, actiOnable information, the rneasure of success of the
Program increasingly became the intelligence obtainèd from the
detaínees.

zm. "sf, Qúantitatively, the Do has significantly

ineeased the number of counterterrorism intellígence repoftS with
the inclusion of info¡mation from detainees in its custody. Betwee.n
9 /\L and the end of April 2003, the Agency produced over 3,000
intelligencerepÓrtsfromdetainees,Mostoftherepoj1@

t
intelligenqe providecl by the high value detainees at

214. CTC frequently uses the

inforsration from one d.etainee, as as other soutces, to vet the
i::rformation of another detainee. Alttrrough lower-level detainees
provide less information than the high value detainees, information
from tlrese detainees has, on many occasions, supplied the
information needed to probe the high value detainees fuuther.

irtelligence "rovidesì fuller knowledge of AI-Qa'ida activities than

would be possible from a single detainee. For exan-rple, Mustafa
Ahmacl Adam al-Hawsawi, the Al-Qatda financier who was
captured with Khalid Shayl<h Agency's
first furtelligence pertaining to
participant in the 9 /ll tercorist plot. Ffawsawi's
information to obtain additional details abon frorn
Khalid kh Muhammad

215. Detainees have provided

attacks in the
 i:ia!:'-- : - ;_,-::,,:-:.:l:ì :.-:'
'.'1'Èi i&#¡ri?,ï¿i;+:#*;:; :''¿"
¡.:!¡;i;ii'',,+i:t *d¡'; ;; i,

-'

iclentification of
tr
'ffi;îäär,¡lped lead to {he idennr'"ot p* todetonate a
;*'il Y*.#ñ5ffi ii'il:;:d"'Gltlro;'' ^a or New

uranium-toPPeo
î*ü Ci'r, n*ay'ï'ä;*;+"
t'tffiiffiL'iiËi#$,f,:Ëa
lecl to the arrest
of PrevioustY TY
*K;,;;1',31f iJãtt'A'"*',ïiË?:i::HÏimgÈllJ?;""
States' MT{::
inside the Unite'd

iiîî:î;Ë¡¡r*'ï,îüy#ffiflifr ç'=trH'ir^,,
f åånY*Ëü'trx'i'Ttr"'rriii#.ffi f :#i'iåäî;
! jtiöÏ{}:i",ïiXi'*5T:iä{','.'::ï1"^,.
i:"'l3iåir:'."ö'r'å1lt:theuniteclstates;ï';;,^*ewho
i
sreeper"'"'* 'äiiää;tt*v*traYf
]t
i

in Ohio'
uiî* *ttu"a i" ãutfy 2003
Farjs, the truck
i.
-2

*
 Æ. ,Æ#'i:s:¡*"?i

217.
oth Piarmers
D etainees, b

ffi.y aware of several Plots

planned for the !E l4Élglg9gg
Pukistutt; hiiack ai¡craJt
iooser-t
to f1y into Heathrow AirPort
traci< spikes in an attempt to derail a h?in in tt're United Sta

up sweral
d f{Y an airPlane
into the tallestbuilding intalifornia in a west coast version of F*
W*fa tt"àe Center atiack; cut t¡e lines of suspensionbridges in
New York in an effort to make thç* tollopt";

2lB,
ffitiotrrces f

for the most senior policymakers'

In an intewiew,
 .-r1:'3:. tziig¿¿-r¿:¿"

i#ií";¿;*rl:'
!---.1':l l

t#i:
saidheberievesthe'se.",låi-Ï;i,i!:i'AÏ"t$fË'llJf
from any harrn safe
in obtainlng enorl
cletainees whohad ":lt^Ïo" "nt"å'J*åy;;t
ililh*ds of Americans'

2001
since August
value detainee' th

råirt*f:!11i1p¿rt*t'*ii;;tr{ä'lrïÏ,ïuï'.
whetheriiffiú;î L uuit'g applied l l^'-
iT'nr'.d oy th* results'

ï*äfff'*u.dglgffiiTffî:
;;.;;;;""' äõu' rlr.have been taken
tg'Pi"tiä
ttiat their use Poses
risks'

"""=;;,"fu
tt rrr" of arl uti;"t*"iätîtt
"
-- ^É aa¡rr
::'ì"
i iitr.,tr#,:'Ë:'iqä::=*îff
lons' lvreas uring
tlre
EIT is imPortant äho;'-
which technique"
:i::ä;; ;"'ã Ti
;ä"rd: It)ï,tË
T" ä,,r, "*ffii:¡1'155ffi
"rr. 9¡' 1*'îïîì-Ërc ',
íì;'
iiil#.:i*"#:JåfiäHii#*.;**errosatorì-iovr'u"u
th
apPücation of
ã*Ëïdilt¿El i¡?!i??ë'irc¡ri-*¡.rr..::r-i*.*i:l i-::s:liit::.:.:;***i:-.!¡r+j:--,:;,;..l t:'?i.::--.=-

different results;

detainees: Abu Zuba

possessed perishable information about inrnrinerrt th¡eats against the

United States.

223, Prior to the usg of EITs, Abu Zubaydah

provided informa tion fo intelligence repofis. Interro gators
applied the waterboarcl to Abu Zubaydah atleast 83 times during '
August 2002. During the periocl between the end of the use of the
waterlroard and 30 April 2}03,he provided ínformation for
approximatelytadiitional repórts. It is not possible to say
definifively that the waterboarcl is the reason for Abu Zubaydal-r's
increasecl prqductiory or if another factor, such as the length of
detentiory was the catalyst, Since the use of the waterb
hówever, AbuZubaydah has appeared fo be cooperati

åffi
which the ps ydrolo gis t / interro gato rs dutet*i.ed
However, after beÍ
*i'J;ff 'J;:,:iiî:Hm,,,.,
thu t Al-N4rhiri

Al-Nashiri was thought to be withholding

nnation. Al-Nashiri subs equently received additional EITs,
but not the waterboard. The Agency then
-Naslriri to be "compliant." Because of the litany of
 ,,:à.,â-l t trtt" 't
i'ÉÌ;r'¿*':: :i'
:j"
It:::r. :: .a:'- . '':";Et'w-ZíÉ-¿s"çsi,,;::;s:
"fç-i.,,,-ii':'*':"'
.--ã

different in!rrogatäö
Lecluriques used.br¡ -t y Al-Nashjrï
tecru,iquesusedbvl*lî:ìÌii,i:iilr#:åîï';ü'îirÑ'J"*i-
1íy*îl:i;3ffiym"l ryl:::; il:J
trffi:ääîîtffii
perïo d of time,
[tit3"ç5;f$"$H;:ru;ru;;-**riäT:
ffiil,.u"
lli:ni*rjmx"n*
ö;;d;J*"'i:s"*|
*æn:"u
-1
Erts
CLô11

225' t

Vrlr-I1a'u"clL' F¡-
l*Ti AT:ïli;'i "
Ïå,äu anarvs is ot o r

:s priãr to tir'e ":ï:i;;^'î"'aottd' inaccurate'

H$fiffill;;T"ffiiiii*1ì-Jäor*was"*,u^'.{'i1;'g;"r¡'
ffItfr"Jifi ::iËiJt;*:ffii"resisrance,^:T:ir*ff :,
äi"trtrlåîî,ï.î':4åiï.itr*wn-¿æË
x#jii:áà1"*,nffiï'smi

" vr nNrr o N
ar GilrDrN o run
ffigj:*^î:NcER^rs

s¡- rrlirtto'
- I'u rtugrcr'ul ãk.rl regarding hurnanp ersonnell-.--oolued
in' wilh tire
iäi* :i*i "xi"iåi i""*;
I
I ;'sencv
I
It
Program'
 Policy Considerations

?27. (U / /FOUO) Throughout its history, the United States has

been an i¡rternational proponent of huna:r rights änd has voiced
opposition to torfure and mish'eatrrLent of prisoners by foreign
counhies. This position is based upon fundamental principles that are
deeply embedded in the American iegal sbuctr.re and jurisprudence.
The Fifth and FoUrteenthArnendments to the U.S. Conslitution, for
example, require due process of law, wlúle the Eighth Amendment
bars "ctrlel ¿ind unusual puúslunenb."

228. (V / /FOUO) The President advised the Senate wi"ren I

I
submitting the Tortu¡e Conveirtion for ratification thab ihe United
States would consfrue the reqtrirernent of Ariicle '16 of the Convention
to "tutdertal<e to prevent in any territory under its jurisdi.ction other
acts of cruel, inhurnan, or degrading treatment or puníshment which
do not amor¡nt to torhrre" as "xoughly equivaleni to".and "coextensive
with the Constifirtional guara¡tees against cruel, unusual, ald
i¡rhrrmane keatrnent,"8lTo this end,lhe United States sril:mitted a
reservation to the Tortule Convention statrng that the United. States
considers itself bou¡d by Arficle 16 "only insofar as the terrn'cruel,
i¡hnman or degrading heatrnent o¡ purrishment'means the cruel,
t-urusual, and i¡rhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the
Sth, Bth and/or L4th Amendments to the Constitution of the United
States." Alfhough the Torture Co.nvention expressly provides that no
exceptional ci¡cumstances.whatsoevery including war or any other.
public emergency, and no order from a superior officer, justifies
torfure, no sj¡ri.lar provision was includecl regarding acts of "cruel,
inhuman or degrading treai'ment or pr:nishinent."

81 (U//FOUO) See Messagc fronr the President of the United States Transmíttùrg the
Contention AgajnstTortu¡e ancl Othcr Cruel, Inhrrman or DegraclingTreatment or Punishment,
Sen- Treaty Doc. 100-20, 100th Cor g,, 2d Sess., at 15, lvfay 23, 1988; Senate Cornmittee on Foreign
Relations, Execntive Report t01-30, August30, !990, at2s,29, quoting sumlnary anclanalysis
submifted by President Ronalcl Reagarç as revised by Presideni George I-LW, Bush.
 :"
t:..?;:t:'.\ t!:'i:i¡'
l,

ï.È:r

zzs (l¿ / / Fo-uo)

Annuar
Y
Pt":lii?reci
lr'^lî,iîifåËff"Ï'íiffii r
Reports on Human Rightl
bv foreign gov ",
q'e'''11'J''Jo
iliJ ä;;r' o s u ti o" te chni
RePort' issuect rn ïó rl ¡] t'ãt' a'
:äffi;u''ãäooz
rrheunited-srareslh*äP::lìRiräff :iiåîï"l*öfii"
äT1'î'J"üi :: ffiinî:iift ,ïi#J iimry;'
i5ä:'i;ï:å1i"åî"Sì:iiä:ää
u g";gu rot
serl,e as
i,,lÏÏffI"' -, ;
our internailon*ää* à-t"*,ts¡ [e nelv anct
an<
l
to arãas of Progress
Pointïng
iootittoittg d;rallenges'

iôüüq;i*"ff
Wehave t
,:"ïil=i#åiîåi'îäï:f*îF'ä*:T:ï'
-"tiJ'iät"'t'o"
'r''u'n*o"ïiiet'''ï"1*"*::1,"1îto,"'iå:iif
iHiål'i'"i**'
*Hr:åï l,tn:xli

îlå:#ï,::rïff Ëiffi ;:Fffiil"J'î,,îlËi{lîi:'å:il"

;;;;;.,,*uiÏåîï'*:I"'ri:'ffi iliüi:,iïä''''"j,t'å.,fl.,
:*l*; äiJ;T',"îi'ä'åffå stripping pr:Ï;;; nakecì
iilí depr ivecl
uod
reports r'ut'J äil.ä;änooaiog

s
zsa
YJJ,:3il,
ratemen,'1:b
i i:' öïrîiiË
?:i Ti"":il ï; rïJu*u"t
rtr
!îliïffiîf^i
aid in p ar s
t :
"
Torturt
ä;ö"" oi vittinrs of
rrreunitedstates*"1::Ttr#;lîï:îËî";j'".'ffir1ffi
t*Yt;;{.äìäottr¿t"s." *
across the wortd'
ar.e 9"Ï:*,J
even/where' We ùy the rirle of law'
and P
rights are resPected

:
 '' :.?Æ'. i#-å-Ei:í';:':i ¡¿!-,r.:,"r lil*.r i;:!'i ?i -
l#!?l+**u"¿î-:3-!lL-#;jj;:1l*gäs;r';:.r:¿i)çtt"'=..*;.'. : ; I

Freedom frorn torhue is an inalienable human right ' ' ' ' Yet
torture continue¡i to be practiced around the lvorld by rogue
regimes whose cruel methods match their determjnation to cIt$l'I
the hrrman spirit. .. .

Notorious hunran rights abusers . . . have sougìrt to shield their

aliuses frorn the eyes of the world by stagíng elaborate deceptions
and denying access to international human rights monitors ' ' ' '

The United States is committed to the worldrvide eliminaüon of

torhrre and tve are leading this fight by example. I call on all
goverrunents to join with the unitecl states and the community of
la*-ubidi¡g trations in prohibiting, investigating, and'prosecuting
all acts of tõrttue and in turdertaking to prevent other suel and
. unusual "unishment . . .'

Concems over Participation in tire CTc Program

23'1.. è#¡FlRt Duiing the course of this Review, a nirmber of

Agency officers expressed r¡nsolicited concern about the possibility of
reérimiration or legal action resulting fro¡n thei¡ pariicipation in the
CTC Program. A number of officers ex"ressecl concern that a httman
t pwsue them for activities
tionally, they feared that the Agericy
not them if tl'ris occtlüed.

2g2.ts-7r$.iEtOne officer exPressecl concern that one day,

Agency gfficers willwind up on some "wanted [st" to aPPg3r before
ttre WórU Court for war crimes steruning from activitiei!
E Another said, "Ten years frorn now wete goinæ be'sorry
æffig ilris . . . #ut] it has to be done." He expressed concem
that the CTC Program will be exposed irr the news media and cited
particular concern about the possibility of beingnamecl in a leak.
.
-ii.
I
i-:+:r-r:-:.:'15å¿tæ':{iiÊi.:-it

'l'he numLrel of c{etainees m CIA ctrstody

237.
is relativetyr*ãi@p.risorr çvith those i¡r IJ.S. militaw custody.
Nevertheless, the Rgency, like the I'rrilitarv, has an interest in thc
disposition of detainees an,l parlicurlar i.nterest i-n those who, if not
tcept in isolation, woulci likely cÌivulge jnformation about the
circunstances of thei r cle Lenfion,
 t;=+¿+ '+
+'.::r.
l:l;--:,

'':l-:+,
; .:.'.1.::¡:,.,...
:,,:.'.-j:;.11:.
:::'"::.
- ....¿"1:{; t#:;;le*,?iæ'.,;Å
: '::-'::a:

242.

243.

| .1't
I
'

to prosecutiotì .ts ¡ r'i;rble pr'rssttr!ìit', .,ri ic.i:I f,rr ,.r,r't.r;l .lr'{.ìilt r

date, hotn¡evt,r, lrr:r tleei¡iott lra¡ l.(.t,tr trr¡tle tr., l)r'titt,,-,ii r'.'lih tlris
option,

93 rullrr:ui:,
sscr.
 t: 1;-
i:.:--:.::;:a). []t;a:::'-
:
' "

.ígt:,

Turffi!*.lr
 ]=:-E :ffi,,¡ft+ir+*-A+9,¡f¡,tæ. jfi=,:i¡:,,..'" .... ):.i,t.t i -ai3¡:;+,

CONCLUSIONS

250j ìrgll rhe Agency's cletention,and

interrogdtíor, o?ãñffias provided intellìgence that has enabled
the identification ancl apprehension of other terrorists and warned of
terroristplots planned ior the United States and around the world'
The CTCDetention and hrterrogation Program has resulted in the
issuance of thousands of indiviãualintelligence reports and analytic
products supporting the counterterrorisrn efforts of U'S'
!oücymakeis and *itit*y commande's. The effectiveness
of
that might
!urti..ttar interrogation téchniques in e[citing information
not otherwise havebeen obtained carurot be so easily measured,
however.

2sl. Fqu Af!r LL september 2001, nume¡ous

Agency .o*pffi d"ividuals invested immens e time and
efiort to i*pi**ent the CTC Progrdm quickly, effectively, and lvithin
fhe law, Tlie work of the Djrecto¡ate of Operations, Counterter¡orist
center (cTC), office of ceneral cou¡sel (oGC),, oiice of Medica!-
Services (OMS), office of Technicut i.wiàu tOfblff
thas been especially. notable. In effect, they began wiih
ffio founctatiorì-/ as the Agency had díscontirmect virturally all
involvement in írrterrogations after encountering dífficult issues with
earHer interrogation progr4ms in Celrt¡al America and the Neal East.
Inevitably, theie atso trave ùeur, ro*e problems with current
activities.

. 252. (s7/Ntrl OGC rvorked closely withDo] to ctetermine the

legalify of the measures that.came bo be known as enhancecl
interrogation techniques (EITs). OGC also cclnsulted with \^Ihite
House and National Security CounciJ officials regarding ttré
proposed techniques. Those efforts and the resulting DoJ legal
opinion of L August 2002 are well documeutecl, That legal opinion
was based, in substantial part, on OTS analysis and the experience
and expertise of non-Agency personnel and academics conceming
whether long-terrn psychological effects would result from use of the
proposed techniques.
 ::)ti: t*q:>")":

i.-;: '.

t;. ;:,:,'.i;i-.:'.'1;

:îtäËffi åi'å?
!7Ê'[Er
zb3
ä*:låT#[Hî {{

!ff;i¡=f;-i
'#::;îtr*tr"'ilä:s::î**iî,ïäåiiifr1å"öry'v

orohibitiott of toil* î.s.. tornue,nää,

:lï :ä",, i, Ëo;,,1,
;;;;súon
*: oppir_:^u_.nr
wirh rhe
^,-
im:X'n: .ffi u,u u r e gar
dur g

T.*tr#,':ffi?ä::iffiiil*i *l*r i,ï' *;an'r

*'" ràr rure c"Îl':Ïl
Ïi#ïåi'o"u;ätä .''
Punishment
grading

r*ffi"
de

,- u
t
J"ffi åff-JfJåiî åfîffi '"i'il'
reaffrrmaúon

fåä*'J:'.:-?i:ffi
*xdAir:mxg'g#!'

äF expanded^T:"i't'" ;ãnd''"t
on the Agency's 'u*
ä".", J ärr'"'i''.¿
äiiåiiìå ïpi*o "
scope of the ffil *"_-
1 AltgL¿"'
sui
of various
, -_ ^t À crerìcv officers
Lrttslr-#-
zss. [r1i,ff-, ,.d with detenúon ¿tÍì'o

rä år;¡i:ffi r;rïå:'Jffi ,l""il+'"m'"rltltn:*;

ga*:îïriffi iäi,iå""*i,'H*.ï;ä*i*.*:,#',',ï
ãåi"r,uoo a*d interr
o gabon
o år,i,"
upqt ou
l,rl ir:iffi "' jjf
a.d Administranon ^r
review
As:l:vlÎii* î *j;r;;å.:tï..,r,ent ofrïcers,- ..
rrom previous
uyu's'
*älaw enfor':'l'it "jll'l*u'.
*:tiääirrt** publtc
ir-,t"rrog*rior,' of State, and
î ):-*.J' o1
U'S' PolicY
statements of

ff-tgh
iffi--#gx,çi,çl*ær

stateurenb by very senior U.S. officials, including the Presiclent, as

well as the policies expressed byMembers of Congtess, other
Western goverîments, intemational organizations, and human rights
grot¡ps. In addition/ some Agency officels are aware of ilterrogation
activities that lvere outside or beyonci the scope of the written DoJ
opinion. Officer's are concemed that fufure public revelation of the
CTC Program is inevitable and will seriously damage Agency
officers'personal reputations, as well as the reputation and
effectiveness of the Agency itseif.

-256' bs,E rhe Agencyhas generally prov itled

good guidance and support to its officers who have been de

In particular, CTC did a the

intenogatiorrs of high value detainees at
At these foreign locations, Agency persorrnel-with one notal¡le
exception clescribed in this Reviêw-followed guictance and
procedures and docurnented their activities well.

zsz, ffs(n By disrincrio*, rhê Agency-especially

in the.early months of the Program-failed to provide adecluate
statÍing, guidance, and support t
a:rd interroßation of detainees in

dentwillb.e ihe
 t'i-iií¿)
i
g¿;3¡:':i'.*:':a-' :
"'

rur. U.
srr!ect of a

General'

xm'"rur;"år:öiil
::åi:iffi ;;;¡;:"*ili':"::ii:
äåî;ïårerroga.rionsatthaiioca'-*;@s,üainif
tg,

.^ f ;ffi
tl aia t exer cis e s
":f Y:ly'*ir:î'"i-
d no
;?ä:åiåiä"-är^.reddmerv,a1åi:iÏ:if
inv
cers
o ffi
olv e
authortz "xe*iseso'nd
supervision'' or
experience,
jud.grnent'

\vided to
f '+iä|:i"åål;3Ïii1,ffi'Ë':J'ïJ::
fr îää;îH::If
.f"}"tråfårftffiiffi qiäå'
r#*,Hil*:rff
ffi:ï'fi äx,u:un:*::l*¡;'çgt*ttt,^*1 of the
nXns*:låîff Hiiîlrt":*:äîiry
trtrHiï#ä,1Ëîå::iåiiÏrtåî.tr*;rr*"'Jå'Jff
'*

- -';lârì¡ê as d'oes exist to

. G{-,L *'*---^
und.ertaken by ager ta v r! ¡v- - -
-_z6a
, , .-l]l^ì,r.,ffi arrd interrogaqort"
""tio* ,-^¿oortate. The

ffi:;r* õonhinq ¡

it',itt t"t and Protec

interrq

:'îäåå':î1tr"Tffi ä"':tïT*iuil*"
a*toi*.r, tt. * tu",^{]:iffffi ö.ir."a sÉpulated that
.t
L Augt rö;.
I

îti-;;õoJ legal oPinion of

:5:'
i
 ,.-,..':.:r.es:,,.1?*i i#*,të:-:e-s-+.,æ+¡;::;:.:+i

its advice was based upon certain facts that the Agency had
submitted to DoJ, observing, for examplq that "' . .yoo (the Agency)
have also o¡ally ínfonned us that althoughsome of these techniques
may be used wíth more than once [sic], that repetition will not be
substantial because the techniques generally lose their effectiveness
after several rêpetitionà.'l One kuy êl
to the waterboard at ieast 1-83 times
Edwasdenied uis'
In this and another instance, the technique of application and volurne
of water used ctifferecl from the DoJ opinion.

262. OMS provided hensive nredical

attention to de where EITs were
with value detainees

did not issue fonnal medical guidelines

@r tlre advÌce of CTC /Legal, the oMS Guidelines
were thert issued as "draft" and remain so even after being re-issued
in September 2003.

264. Agency officers report that reliance on

analytical assessments that were uruupported by credible intelligence
may have resulted in the application of EITs without justification.
Some participanb in the Program, particularly field interrogators,
judge that CTC assessments to the effect that detaineeb are
a'-ì
withholding information are not always supported by an objective
 ' .1?;i -'':¡':'

,ffi"t:e:-#i:::*:'at

î*Ï**ffi ås#ryffiry'l'-Ti**"'

ä*iffr;ä*tffi'rdäìi
Biå:ïä'J;Tiffi;"p"u:r:î
ilre ä"bilry
*"* u'*tainedby
inanurf,Y ovrr the I :s, -G^",ilffiil*.,.."r'
the Agency.
do with terrorists
ii [.,:ffi:::.+,e¡+;ri.el..*æ

R ECO \{i\'{ l: N D Al IO N S
\l)
,Jl
,!t
t
rì
lu
l'

t,

-'1fií'11
. .^--..-^ô'.-r' il'lr
 .l
d
./Y
rrt
Ir
t,:.J!:
rüiri

illtr
Íiiiit.
.ifilìì

lijili
,,1.r
hjt.
f.:

jì ii

it
lr:l

¡¡
 $ï
$ìtJütì rail.

.'i:d
:\
itì J

il[üir
''j'-*'S

lìi,ltf
tifiii
ii$*:
1,ti)tii
il:;i::i
lri i::
l:i¡ ii
ulrü

iilll'
:,.iÈ
i 'J¡r'
i;:il;

ii.
,ì'

:lit¡'

'iil
Appendix A
 .,, .....'-''-,.'...j. ' .-s:Li:ÈJ
.! tt;:Æ':!""';':""
iif:Ì:iË'"Í:":';':"
,,:'#:, l:iæ,#---#*¿:*È*:;*':æ'¿

Ëì i#¿*græ:".',tii!!i]'*l

ÀN! RESOURCES
PROCEDURES

n",."år
I¡ves$gations, thr :î*îïrc
jlTd"*"fr
â1

rnvesrigari"^rstriiüä^æ1,rlue1^J'*úg^t""'T-?
and a secretary Partlcll '^"
Auditor, t n"'u'ir'"iäìti"lt'
Review.

ä._
comPonents PY
orGconcructedJiî,ioiî'"*"-åTi1#ffi äî';J*ï;.ïiî'u
ãåi**uy relevant lnformatïo" .i"#i:ii* ö.p.wDirector of
jlï,i"%ïr#iåiffi''*
ä#äT*ffiiiËr.1rËîi,îl
iä
inrorm
ueputy
ûre Depuq,
une """".ä :il*:X;å;
"u*
"oåiåi ru"utär inclividuals'
olG te-ínterview'
isi'ts to the
^ >*fl OIG personn"t.]1:dt ItTu-.,".*,uI
orG pers o*er ars
o
l"Î.t"t"Ë:ffÏàiiü;;' of ittttttogations
îisíted
I to review 9z vrdäåioput
Appendix B
 cttìGrralo.y: ccur{.,r'rË8rìcn6r*'efr'Tr'¡{A},f¡l¡rT.n'0G/ì1to¡i/¡trìu,rts

::j
I
.,-]

r97,3r'taí .iß>J,:; ;¡,:¡tjil{¡¿ú f C

llìÊ lf¡ltr,úf¡ati4{¡ ftofl ¡¡trr
Appendix C
 isp,.#r,nfi
/ U.S. IJePartrncni of JustÍce

' Qfñce of[*gal Counsel

OllÌcé óf t¡c fu Jht¡'tt Chr¡rf t?ahirgtu,D.C i0Sî0

^{o.ôcy

August !, 2002

Mcu¡oranclum for Johu Rizzo

Acting Genernl Couoscl of ihc Cc¡tr¿l [otclligeuce Agency

hlerrogùtion of al Qaeild Oþeratírt¿

You have asked for itris Officds vicw's o¡t whcthe.r cerøjn proposed contluct would
violaie the p¡ohibition against torù¡re íound at Seotion 2340À of title I 8 of the United Slates
Code. \rou have askcd for this advìce in the coufse of conducting ínrenog:tfions of Abu
Zubaydah. As we u¡lderstatd iq äbaydah is one of tlie highest ranlríng rnembers oitte 1l Qaeda
tonorist organizøtion, wiih w'bich üle United States is currenfu cngaged in an inlcnrational armc¡l
conf'lJu following the actaùks on tle Wortd T¡ade Center and the Penle.gon oa Soptember I [,
2001. This letter lnemoÉaLiecs our previous oral a<ivice, given ou July 24, 2002 and July 26,
2002, that the proposed conäucr r',ould uot violate dús prolúbition.

I
Our advice is based upoa the foflbrvfutg facts¡ whieh 5rou havêprovlded.to us. We elso
srldg¡srçrrrl lhst you do ¡ot have an1' frcts in your possæsion contrary to the ftafs ourlined,lære,
asd this opinion i3 limíted to U¡csc facls. lf thesc facts were ro cbrugo. tlús advice would nor
necessarily apply, Zubaydah is cuncntly beìng hcld by tbc Unitcd States. Tl¡e intenogation tea-nr
is certaí¡ that he has additional hformelion that he reñrses to divutge, Spccifioárll¡', he is
wittrltolding iuformation regar<üng renorist petwqdcs inrhe UnÌted Statai or ín Saudi Àr¿bia and
inforrnation rcgarding plans to conduc! att¡clcs within the Unitcd Statès or ageinst our intiresis
overseå.t. Zutaydah l¡as bccome accusùomed to a certai¡ level of t¡eatnxcût aud displays no signs
ofu'ilfingncss to di-tctose fu¡iire¡ i¡forrnaliori Moreo,r,eç your intelligence i¡dieates tha¡ th-er-e is
ctrrreltty a level of,"chatter" cqUal to that which prcccdcd the September i l,aftacks. In tíght of
tbe informirfion you believe Zubaydalr hgs a¡d the high lsvel of ttueat you believe aow cxisis,
;ou rvish to movc tbe intcnogations into what you have dqscdbed ¿s an "increased l)ressuÉ
phasc."

As part of thís increased pressure phase, Zubaldah rvill h¡ve conrect only wirh a new
iate.nogation speciaiisr- s.hogr lre h¿s nol nret prcviously, ancj tlic Suwir,al, Ðr,asion, R¿sistance.
Escapc C'SERE') training psychologist rvho has becn i¡rr.t¡I,;ed rvìtl¡ t¡c inrerrogadon: since rirey
hegan. ftis phasc will likely last no more tl¡an several days but could l¡-ct up to thirty da.vs. In
this phasq you rvould like to employ ten rechníqrìes that you believe rvill dislocare lris

VÉ"*,
I

I
 /
"rayølcnFl

ext:ectatiortsregødirrgth¿tre¿trnentìrebcl:,eveshervillreceiveanilertcowagehimtodisclose

H#,.,j'ffi#ru'ff{#fi#ruffi,
äåiJffi iî:T}':ffi Ë."î";;i"''"ntisttuouehæ31å's3l;"å,iJ?ìi'i'i|''ï*iä**'.*
ri,ru;lit*-;;i;'S:nr.*'q¡Ëjffiî:'Jg,rä,+nilg.'..-fr*$fu -
ii3l.,i,lf ïF";'*tl¡*ml'åi:lîi.*:Hr'ffrfir*H""i:l';;;ãä-ingr'is
us u
'.;i-ìJîn"tttíons' lravo also ì¡fonned
You
*tti"h ís being u€tÈ¿
""0*t,

sï:i:"î'i-iö
grasþ; the iirdïviduat i
Fj*få:r::"'*"r

Forwaring,anexibrcrarscwar*,f ;iii,1$hiîïJ,iîlìîL:î'ì:äå;ïliì,ï.,,
'h*rt,uoü'r"e*it¿iic¿u: T1rurx*Togtlp:li1ï:äär'ùã'sshoutde¡bladesrhethltth'c:vau'
into r}e rvall' it
a
torvel that provides
i,äilË;;r".h. indìvi<lual "råii"îî,ù--.tïeci hood.oi

Éï:*.,'"*i-tuçl';.*uu+åt****¡¡lli,6,î,5ç¡i,9..
indivíduat ís atlowet
io creale a lou
ïrit" t-"rf is in 1:art coust¡rrcrcd
ft ,rti,ershockor-tii,ät1f
lmPact seem f'ar rvo
¡flS*nåP"Y.*ru'J'ff iilåiläö;;ìi'J*tu*
t!.re accion.

eves'
;Jiät*Ji"*"n"'tlæ individualls
Tlrcfacial}roldisusedtohgHosheadimnohile.oneoprnpatnrisplaöedon,eí*çr
side of ürc in¿¡ri¿,iäî'i"ä;;11¡rgcrtint
stap, tlre intenosaior
staps,tÌreitdivid''ff"?trJlitíUml
with ttie racial sta¡¡ or insult
wiü the ore¿ dircctlybenvei^ä;;*viòal's
nîîäi;*Les cÆntact -"'
stiglrtly spread' r'*'e
q:
slap s to *lt*r:***ttx,ri*
,I;rx .*i tniç facialn;gtq: t
t ,stca¿, t!i" ptrrpos" ofttre
clark'
eaceis usttellv
Craropedconûncmentinr,olvesttreplaepn¡eutofthe'ol'.':::'inac¡nñrrecspaeæ,the
dimensions
"'r*hîiìïil"i'i.,"i"¿:"i¿"-Fiffii#iii''äî"à*q"'¿
'rofcner
2
 róPs Rsr
,/
'lle durafo.ri of confinernent var¡es bæed upón the size of the conta-iner. For the targer ørrfiaed
spacc, thc individual can stand up or Sit Cowq the smaiter spaco is large enoug-h for tltesubjeci io'
sit do'krl Confinement in dre larger space cen last þ_ to cighteen hoursi for tlre smaller spaæ,
conftnemeni læts for no morc th¿n nvo [rou¡s.

Wall stznding is used to induc¿ muscle å,tigue. The indir"iciual srands aboui four to.five
fcet ßoÈn a wall, wítlr his fcet spread approxiruatell, iq shoulde¡ r.¿idtl¡. His ¿nxj arc srrctched
out i¡ front of lrirn" wittr tris fingers resting oa'dre nall. I{is hngers support all of his body
r';eight. Tbc individual is not pcgnítted ro mov€ or iÞposition liis han<ís o¡ f¿er.

A var{ety of stress posltions nay be uscd. You havc Lnformed us tl¡at fhese positions ase
nol designed to producc thc pdn associated with contortions or isvl'sting of the bodl'. Rather,
somervhat like rvalliag. the¡ arc dcsigncd to produce tàe physÍcat disco¡nfo¡1 æsoci¿fed wíil¡
r¡urcle fäfigue. Two pariicular stress positions aro likely to be used on Zubal'dah: ( l)'sitting on
thc floor wíth tegs extcnded straíglrt out in Êoi¡t of him witlr his erm! nised abovc bí; head;;nd
.(2) kneelfug on tho floor r+trile leaaing back at o 45 degree angle. You bave also orally informe<i
tls titat tluough observing zubaydal in captivity, you hÀ'¡e nored that hc appears to be quite
flexjble despite his rvound.

. . Sl""p deprivador. may be used- Yoì¡ havc íDdicoted tbat your purpose in usiog this
tæhnique is to reduê.e tbc individu¿l's abilifyto think on
Iris feer an¿,ì¡rãugh the dìsõçmfort
assoÞiãtèd'withlækofsleep;touotjvaib*rim'1ûroopcrere: The.efÈcíof*uclrslccp.dcprir.ation .

rdll generally rcruil ¡.fler onc or two nighr'of uniatcrnrpted slee¡. You h.eve iilón¡¡ed
us ùat
¡,our research has revealcd tbaÇ in rarc in.stencss, sot¡io i¡dividr:¡ìs rvho a¡ealrcadyptedjsposed
io psyclrological probf ems uray experíence abnonnal æactions to slee¡: deprivation.
those cases, horvever, reactjous abate alîer thc indÍvidual
Even it
is pa.rrittedio.sieep. ye¡sor.¿¡,
personncl wiü medical trainirlg ere availablc to a¡d will i¡itervene in rhe unlikely
eyenl of an
abnororql r9action- You have g¡atly i¡fonnexl us tbal rcr¡ wonld uot deprír'e.Zubovdàh
of .deep
ior morc-dra¡l cleven days at a tr¡nc and that bave prcviously hiru
¡ou !<eot aviakc for 72 hou¡s,
liom whích no mental or physicat harm resuirco,

F'i1ally, you would iike to use a tecfinig.ue ca_lled üre ,,w¿r.crbo&d." It dris prcccdurq thc
i¡dividual is bound securely t'o ¿s iliùlircdb.*.1l, wU.n is approxím.atctytour zut byseveo
[ect.
Tt¡e individual's feet are gcnerally clevaied, À cloth is plaeed'ôr,ei the iérche¿d
andtyes. Warer

,"É"*,
 '7-
rop#ner
the mouth
isrhenappliedtotbeclcilrinacontroll¿dnì?nlel'Asthisisdone,the.cloùislowcredurltilit
ü'eclothis åilä,J;;;à1nr'"1¡1'¡'ers
covers bottr tlre nose *d ;;*rr"ö;; ;;;;;,
due to dre prxence of tlæ clottu This
æ to 40
and nose, a.ir flow r. o,+ovï*"i.¡
r", c¿¡bon
ii'it'incre¿se ln the
c¿uses Bo increase io t*r'îå
iìåîïä'r"Lr i" u''".¡-åiti¿tiì';l;;t tbç
,iî.rrä ,r* to äiilii;n oiot
ursau 9:.:l:9 "t"duees
dioxide revet srirhurcres
[.äårii1¡,'*I:ïtî,1i1'i,$iiå;:rï¿-¿ää'î;'ffi:itr'SÍ,iffiÏi,îJ
oot breatlie att¡t rvat *r-t'n*od. ihç ¿Íoth is:lirted'
and
<!oes
anuried rrorn a height
äi;J'ù+"u, i*üiiliä., sensationor
"rî"åîî m"il'.äii.'il-d'w-1E1.-tt'"
*,i i¡diur¿u* i, ä'; jo *'' rr'" n*'"jy' nÈv
ltteb be
"no*.¿'ilî;.Ä;;,üùø
drowning ís ir',n"caeij lîüäö q.,: þ1ü1.¡i canrvith a spcut'
w¡ter is usually applied Ê"r,^ *,t *r ãufoi toruu *aterirrg
sensotion of
reDeafed. The o-iîso;L uu*onratic p¡y'sìological
yåu i*fomed * if',"i't¡¡ proccdure
navc oratty is i¡ fact noi
hc
dior,,nin* rhat trre in¿¡viäã *åou.ot r*-tii":;iËï.l1P""*:rhat wouid not last
,,* årilr--t"*". *
"uonoi U,r,iiiriä.Jy Oát U''i' pto"tdure
dros,ning. you Ìrave
;;;;;tËi 20 rninutes !n anv otre application'

iraryttl u:edic¿llv trecessarv ro

WeatsoundustandtbatamedicalexpertwittrSFR)1exger.iençc,rr.illbepresent
"¡Jlit*itned
tiuoughour tbis phase;iää;*;;rä"rj.*1u;il;en.a above' Z'Ubay{ah suftred
prcvenr sèvere me¡rral ;ö;ä ñr* t. z"u^voö u: g* * ensu¡e that this
ar¡ iajury during tris dl,,i:]îä;;;; i"i"*"¿",î,¡'i'äptîi[
thc and thú adequate medlcal
injury is not in anv *"vì*"t"'uuedby "" "itü;;;Å;ds
adcntf on u'il l U. gfu en'to'";o"t
oot ú'witl'heal propcrly'

[.

Inrhispatt,rvetçviewtl¡scqEtextu,itlddç*¡ichtheseproceduresrviltbeapplied.You
wtril^efll if ury' these
*"'io*.'tåptio g"uaii
havc inforrne¿ or'tt"t'vJu üu"-ok"n wi(h the exceptton
techniqrrcs
..uout¿ t'"uJii äu6".ö;t ;iit"f
ttå*t' These same teohníques'
to be used on so$s
.åîãäoär; rp**, rr^u" ¡*n *ed and continue
of the i¡seot ,o *" of,tbc use of these
personnel-during tlt"ir'õtsJRË truining' Because
mernbers of our military yqu ha*e consulted
orocedures io training ãui o,rn
Êiliwy p"*oooäi"ìtlitt iiæ"oeutions) technlques' You bave
ivith variousindir¡d,jJr;;..t'i. Ñ"År".'J;.ti.;;i*tit*Jortn*e
;uld r¿sult frorn tlre use ofthese
done so ín onler * *r"r. rir"i oo
protonged
""fi;]];
proposed Procedurgs'

rluougrr ¡rcur consurtation yithyrilus-':'Ï':,Ì*:::t:ii:i:iî;i*'lli,å'ül'üX

conduct without' alrY
bavc
have learnsd tLat thæs tcchniqucs f tttq $ËRË school.
, during tbc seven'

:'ear period that hc

sPent

iifi iJåïrii#åå:ffi
.'J
' '
jiti ñ ö ; ä";;; *i n ed æ lcsur t o r bci n
g p raced i¡ a'

,y#"*
 /
rrcREr
corifineu'ìert box. Tl¡e orlrer inquirl involVed clairns tl¡t tlre SERI training c¿trsed tv¿o
Índividr¡als to engûge in crÌnrinal bel¡avior, nafnely, fclony slroplifting and dorvrtloading child
pon:ograpiry ônto amtlítary computer. Accordingto tlús official,*"t "tt,î;;:l:rryå .

ffilt:,tl;H*:fiffi $iiiià','itrJ¿iåi:fr mlå;,,*,or*vrîõ--

dropped oui of the traìoing follorving the usc of thesö tcchnigues. Alttough on rare.occasions
sorne studënrs tcnrporarily postponed ihe reouinder ofihei¡ training and received psychological
counseling, tbose stì.rdenrs være able to finish the program wiürcut any indication of subsequent
lnenral health effccts.

Yoü havc infomred us fhar you

ten"yeårs, ins¡æEEë is ai'¡ar€, noir¿oiiåraiätii¡¡üù.'dl.$'*'1t6:èõñtplÈted.the program. suffe¡cd ¿rry

adve¡sÞ arental health effêets. I{c ìùfox4ed tou,ihat tb¿rewæ onc piri;04 wtiq ¿fid nat öomBleæ
tbetraining. Thatpersonexperienced'anadrerscmentäl.hotùth¡ea*tionihatlasted.oulyiwo
hours. Afrer those hvo horus, ihe índividr:al's sylupto¡rls spontaneously.dissipáted wituout
rsquiring hcat¡nent qr counseling and no other symptoms l{'ere or,ef repofted by tlris individual.
According to tlrc i¡rformation. you trave provided to us, this asscssn:ent of the use of these
procedures irrcludes dte use of rhe rvaterboæd.

to üs.
a course of condnot,
of the insect i:r the confi¡ement bo:t and the waterbosrd. TLis ¡icn¡orandu: conñrms thaf tbe
usc of these procedures has not resulted i¡¡ any reported. ürstanæs of prolonged mental furm, a¡rd

ff;:iläiffi fr i,lïåïi:*åffi i:ff l:is,:"äïf;

to'lhe'lrajni'g

pÐ'èholoeic{il reactions during raíning, Of thd 26,829 students trai¡ed fronr 1992 rt¡roqgh 200I
i¡ the Ai¡ Forc¿ SERE taining, 4.3 pøcant of ü¡ose studehts bad conact with ps?qholo$/
services. of tl¡ose4.3 pe¡tcnq only 3.2 ¡lercent werc pqlld Éoq tbe,gro"saru'for Bsychological
reâsons. Thus, out of the sodents traiued'ov.erat! d¡ûy 0.tÈ.æg[.we+gpullOd fqoin the
pmgånl for psyclrological reasons. Fudrermorè, ihat snwe¡s
of students having comple¡cd rliisraining uo pot done, heãË@-ffifidenæ flnt the fraining
did not cause'anylong-ternr psychologlcai inrpact. I{e based.lris couclusion dn the dcbricfing of
sbrdents tbat is done afi.cr tho rraining, Moire inrportantly, hebued üris assessmeil oB the fact
tïra( althouglr training is required to be clfremety stræsñrl in or.der to bc e,ffeÁtivc, very fetv
complaints havc beeir made regarding dre Eaining. During his t¿nure. ín whicb 10,000 students
rvere lrained, no congressional conrplain{s här,e been made. V,,hilc thEre }vas one Impcctor
Geqerat complaint, it waç oot due to psi'chological co'ncens, Moreovcr, he rvas awalc of only
one latæ¡ inquirÍng about tbe loag-¡"* impact ofthcse teclniquæ ftom an iadividual tnined

;rrÉ*, s
 roy¡¿dnsr

fi:frïî
mi¡úmal."
iii:'$':ffirîi$i;54*xr:
rr/ i tr r res pe cÌ r o t ìcr
.,vere'b oa r d, vo u
1": :li: ff :llåîÍil11gi', lìîiî ilîy.iöii
:äi',f ïKfl ffJ;'ff 'n*"'
:ïä::[*#iîi,::iiì:ffiï#"i'ffi
u"'l F-Tl"' nfjtï',|ffi ; Jntal ti:
iålî, Jr c¡û
"ä-t""""i
ilri[;
lr e a t seq uerrc e s
J^iìåä heal

[**:,,,*l',:Hff"HîH:l*"¿tîittl*'ffiå,;'"HlårlË,',il,':rlii',"
n*Ï[::i*i*';*nU:,îË'äii:**',:'ffi
;ffi ;t *ñ;ro'ot
ufftðtiu* in produciog.cooPert
'hwT"ffi
uaining sq
ufthu o'a"rboard ínNaq to tlro
indicÀcd drat lte r'"¿ ouä"J'ñl"lu* o* ä'i'îåï."r' r" arv phlsicãl harur
dmes. Each tin,. ;r ,"r,1ìîi;î :;-";;;"ìt"
',
srudent' '' data on the effect
"l
***J;i,fi ;:4älïtî:XËî'Ïi$:+:r,1g[^¿".,i.îffi
* lhat is trot uncolurn'cn ror *T*'*:**"lffi'
t"tirì."" i*"*t¡
iå1iäiËî;;*"v"d-ìü'.
prior to (tre
i:lÏ"JTrä"Ttrirrtï]il*1,trî1*Hrî*,äiJf
fîi''îJ-x1*a suchepiiocïcsshó¡'ed ¡ro
*"lt P"';ilil ttol'tlfoo
*f."r*¿irit ii"neiltí tl*p oi paranOid
qxpcrlencç
r,,'ho
slecp deprliano*.
';toi:q'l'"t' idqæ' irt one
";""'ä"'iilä:åJ
flatteníng *tü."t, ãá-siorrs;
urah d4maged occurrec'
Dsvchosis, toosenrng of, tlroughrs, "f o' pt**ot
tur", .ur^ after eleven-duys ãr ¿"p¡*a** ii o"'*i' Furùei'
for up to 48 boun)'
ir it in¿*"¿
tnr,actrhc!¡rd.ividualï"0.,a"¿t"Jii"s.lrg¡¡rrr.ü,.non¡aîeft*oneniglü'ssleep'
*tu"å'ì.,cît*tu *l
based on the exp"ri*r,'"'Jîr.Ï,iìä.G* deprivati on
ru"å i"iäiilnighs of q"'leep is

-vou fôund,r,ut sÌeep'

ìtit îtt""il t"ti' after a few
good
discoirtinue¡l ' "'urvlïîî"ä"Ãrã"i"¿i"
'"o"'o' rvith tJ'S
eiPcrts' ffid
step of consultirus \\'âs
You havc ia'lien thc additional 'inteÍogetions
p,o...,'-Non'"or ttre'sc incividuâls
*,ùî'.ï.'*,**;;;:L*ll;ffi;
odrer individu¿r,
ãi."är,nv,-"-!i1äT*:fi¡3.giäri'ÏiÏt*î:lil:*t',i:,îioï;;îH:i:i-*
occu¡rc't us å
cithex seParateìY or I t"*go* problems have
utÑ" uía\\'aro J;;;tí"
who reportcd tt''ut "f ',.'
rcsult of theso tecbniqr¡es'

Moreovet,inconsulting*,itlranumberofmentalh¿a[bexperæ,youhaveleamedtbat
trre erfcct or"nv orîrä;;;;;;i"""""'o' ãin""åì-i;þ"i:*::$"ì,üïi:lllli:it"""
tt t)t cndq you lråvç rn
.rrr*¡ history *oilitolo*ic'oit"ntle¡t¡*s'
'rc}$'lõREr
 ,/
royrdcRËr
ccnìpleied a Psychologicäl assess¡nent of Zubadyah, 'l'l'¡is assessn¡cnr is b¿sed on inrerviervs
u.íLh
Zubayda[ observations of hinr" and informationcollccted frorn odrcr sources zucb
æ intellígcnce
andpressreports. Ourundersra¡dingofZubayCah'spsycholôgicalprolìle,vihichrvesetiorth
betoiv, is b¡sed on that assesSrncnt.

According
.lerrcl nrujahediu to this assessrnelt, Zubaydah, rhough onl¡;3t, cosequickj] ûom ve¡y lqç,
ts rlrir<i or fourth man in aiqaa4¿ He hæ sorved as Ur"oíSirlì..d;;,;;;o,
In ¿lur caFcíty, rrc bas mauaged i'ctwork of t¡aining carnps. Hi: has been
f ieylenant,
tnstrume¡rt¿l in thc traíning ofoperarives for al
Qaedr, tlre Eg¡pri-an Isliriic Jihati, a¡id otjre¡
rerroris! cfe¡ne¡lts. insidc P¿kisen ard AfglunisrÀ,
nu acþJai ,hr orpury c"*p Conurralr.le¡
íor.al Qaed'a trainirtg carrip in .Afghanisul, per.sonally approviug
ent,y iuigracuarion
nlilics <iuring 1999-2000. Frorn !996 u¡rij l999, heappror,e<l-allin¿iri¿üals going ofand all
in our
of Afghalistan to thc training caalps. Fr¡rlherr no onû rvenr
in and our of peshav.-ar', pakistan
without his þolvledgc anci appror,al.. He also acted as
al eaeda's coordinator of enernal
conlaci.s and foreign communications. Âcldifio¡ally,
he hæ acted æ al Qácda,s counre.r_
intelligencc offtcer arü r¡as i:ecn t¡trs¡cd to firrd spies wift'.'i
trre øganiàion.

Zuþaydah has bee¡-i¡volved i:r evêry major tenorisr.opererion

carrie<i out by al eaeda
H! planner for the Millennium plot to anaot u,s.
t-veis a
a¡rd kraeli targets durÍug the h4ill¿¡m.itun
celebrãtions in Jo¡dan. Trvo ollbe."irt¡
ng,tt¿r Ínlhis plot who .a,eje aiferred havê
plaitah as the supporer oi rheir ce[ and rrr"e pr.or. He aìso served as . pr";;; ;;; ide¡tiñed ilì*i, "'
Ernbassy plot in 2001. I4oreovcr¡ l¡e wæ o¡e
of the ptunners of th.
in lils copture, he was cngagcd in praoning future
S.;;;ìer
t I attacks, prjqr
tenì¡ist artacris against u.s. intcrerrs.

Yotu'psychol<rgicalassessrlent indicares. bar it is beljeved Zuba¡,duh \\,¡ote

. al Qaeda.s
tuao.ual ou resista¡rce techniques. you
lì'ell-acquainted r*ith and qell-versed'in
afso believe U.,ut irls expci,.;J; eacda nrake hinr
su"tr æobnÍqves. As part of.hís.role in al
Zubaydahvfsitedindívidualsinprlsollø.rrcþiãrr"rqÞo¡rtÞcirpe.le¿se.1ïuraughtùris.eonracr Qacda,
and aqtivities with othct al
Qaeda ruichedí4, you uouuu.',¡rt lr." knorvs nurny stories o.f cap.hue,
interrogatÍon' aud ¡esisfancei..¡¡r.¡ iittr*og;úon,
A.aaifion*fy, t,e tia, spokcn rvitlr nyman a[-
Zawalnn, ard you belíeve it Ís tik-ely rti¡t thã
h\r discussedzawalij¡i,s expèrieaces as a prisoner
oitl¡e Russians and Érc Egyptíans.

Zubaydah siateci during ioterviews tluf he ihigks

of an¡,aciirriry outsíde ofjilrad as
"siJl3''" He lras ind.icated rhat l¡is lrc¡¡1 u¡¡d
mincl a¡e <{evoted rã se, ,io j Allah and Lsta-rn rluo\rgJì
jihad and he has st¿tei tüat
l¡c J:as no doubts u, ,"gr* al¡out cnnrnittírrg hinuellto jíhad.
7-ul.:aycialr l¡olieves t'h¡t the global
islanis ine.ví,,rble. yor¡ have ínfornle.¿l us that lre
cootlrtues to exprcss his unabatèd desirc'ictoi.,,of
to kiU A¡lerica¡s a.ld Jrr*s.

psychological assess¡neot describes his pcrsonalìi1,æ

,. .hTi
directcd índividual r"vrio prizeshis indepcncrence."
follows. !-le ls
,.a
hig.hly sel.i.-
I{c hæ ,.ua*-cissistìc fcacures,,, ,,vhich arc
e"'ide¡ced in the aíeoijon !.re pa¡,s to ttis persãnal
rpp.oun.. and his.,obvíous .efforts, ro

roy¡¿dner
 to&ss
ryârarher'rruú.i:i."i, jiiil,J;:#:H:'ï'.',,ilf :|'*:i
uis eníironment ana u'tro i' un
ï tilüani'e' |:sircs'^$;;i1ä';;}t;åuto'in"
ïiL*î:.ffi Lîi}i:ifliin'ïiffi *-1ry*¡u.i.'*,****i
ä:ii:',il:\i',ìIlÏii::Hi;J;,i, päi'i*'"'li:':'*i,'",'.1',ï:ii"'"Ëli'ffihlsizcs tha"
oneniog up to otners
*t aud
ffiiffi;;;o,ã"¿'rtout ¿ï';:;;ì'ir. i¿ Lr..' ú''' moods
låïlliJfl ï?:r#n*'*;.i:il{ï'"":'ii't'*i'ñ"'*"''*."lïïJîoo**iålo"'
j""-
ïä;ä;ii;1*..'*1,0iffi
Qâedá safetrouses
¿nd e Ïïfi :ffi:îåS:#ä';¿:f i';ff
menur cðndirìons or
reports' Zubavd'dr
doemot;t:;ä3ffi;'äå
not havo any.pre-extstigg
iootptopo:*
Accorrli¡g to t'oü
-'ff ïäi"f
rLï'$iT'å1'ü*"*.,ifr $ü15rfr iu;r-ffii,r#;U,''**=
giîru*11*'*''Hi:ff i.i'i'å'J'iiöjr:åil;;i1;t='¡:'igïf ,*i:lTiå:i::"
îîi:*:,"¡i;:ïgl"*;i*:ï,,:ffi
*n*,
lîfi ]::].îå:,iL'i=l.öï,ä,äå"*åï"o''
n. it. u1"itt-t]v sclf-sufficient
and

to hirn, and ttren ".,J".-iåur.rr.rrn.'.n.)iä;l*

rerieso*bisuna"*oåi,ää.on,i*.","r"'åÏijflffi i:*r"'m,yli:,iïÏ't"""
-:".,,ff
t{ffif iï*i",'ffi,,iffi n,lä;oì;;;il;.r,"¡4"*readcrs'aod
carna¡aderieorr*.-,iîïä*,ii.¡øi,,*.n,",;J,ïnî:ÍÌ#nn',*.LtîË:^ï*"
ep You descri e

*mrun: :iä$TJh:åiil;* ;¡" lã:: :':' n nervous s)'srem i sIè

b

fi;ff; f.'ffi *r,i,iJlä;;r;iiltã.1,,

: : ; zuqllîJîowta signs of s¡nip'athecic
thar in an inui.l
r*,. Ar,b*ilr'i;i'"ri*:l'-o lli^ÏÍ¡il:il",'... ,",
arousar, ,vhich you Jüî;';;;;iúiv ttt* his cornPosure' ttt
i i.gcn ce inronn oiii h-;ìt:aläË; 3ui:ly
nte II

iiitl'tt""g rcsolvd' rìot to reveal en* itfonxation'

aìriiity to focus' goal.
lús priuarl strengths as tlre foìlorvi¡,g. . *
o\,erall, you srunmarizs u: orsq'ize utd
<!ïrr¿-(cd clìscipiì:re, '"t*"'
n"a.Jli"nuìoî*" r"c"lll"
*u adapt unrler duress
,'ìzrìàse peoplc, 'ìî"îî'"''*""*ãii"*.i'"'íil"öi'ä
**,1'ïirit*"äi;üir, nuedi of oúten' ønd' abilir:; to
.o *r.Jr*ulil;ì;i-,h"
end rrittr minima! rcsources¡. "apa"íry
lá¡ust goâIs to en'rcrging opportunities'

;ilflf fH:iliï:ïül'i'iï'i",'i';l
Youanticipatethatheruilldrawuponltisvastlgrorvledgeofineno.gtiontecluiiquesto
copervi,h,h:rï:ïî:ii:il',"î.Htr*,ïïiï;Jif
protecl rhe most tn this victor) is inevitable
ntav

betief tbat Or.,o *1,îi*ræîäorlioatg inioäï;;

0,.ï.ät"¿ï* as a temporery
;i raticnalize it sololv
provide o.,u .¡un".'ïrriiîï0.¡;;uìl
e.ive.

roj¡dcn¡-t
 ,ur"{*,
,/
,Additionally, ¡'ou belíeve iie nray be wilting to disclose some infol'nlatiorl particularly
sçtl-.ac!r.
inforn:a{íon he dee¡rx ro nor be critical, but rvhicl: may uliínare!,v be useful (o u.r rvhctr pieced
logerher rvid¡ other inrelligence infon¡retion you have gainctl.

ü1.

Sectíon 2i40A rnekes it a ciimjnal ¿tTe¡:sq for any pcrson "ourside of thc United'Srates
[rol conrnritfl or e$¿erpt[] ro contrìút toíure." Section 2340(l ) defincs tornìrb asi

a¡r act com¡niüed by a person actiug under 0re color ol'lirrv specifìcally intended to
inr'ìict severe physícal or rnental pain or süffcring (othcr than pai¡r or suffriring
incìdenlal to façárl sancdons) upon another person.uriiìrír' his custody ofphysicat
conuol.

l8U.S,C.$2340(t). ,{sweoutline<í inouropiniononstapdardsofconductunderse¡ttion

2340¿", a violation of 23404 requiles ashovring úrsf: (l) tlie toinrre occu¡red ou'tside the United
Sl¿les; (2) tlrc defcndant actcd. under the color of larv; (3) the ticb'.m was rvithin the defendaut's
custocìy or control; (4) tire dcfeadanf specíñcally intundcd to innict seSere pain or suffering; and
(5) tha (he ac{ed infiictcd sevure paür or suffedng. S¿e lt{eruorandum for Jolur Rizzo, Aering
Gcncral Counsel for rJ:e Ceatr¡l InreUigenee Agcncy, fr.onr J'ay S. Byber, ,{ssistant Attomey
6cncial, Ofüce oif.cgal Counsel, Re: Slandards ofCo*4uctfar húerrogarion under I8 L|.S.C.
îî 2340-2340Å at 3 (¡,'ug$st 1.200?) ("Section23.l0A Me¡noraldurn")- You h¡ivc asked ui to
as.cume that Zubayadah is being held outside tl¡e UniterJ States, Zuba¡adalr is rvíthjn U.S.
custody' and the interrogators are acting under the color of larv. At issue is whethc¡ tlrc lasi nvo
eìe meu[s rvould be ruet by the use of ilre prcposcd procedures, riamely. u,hcrher tbose using these
procedures rvould bave tl''e requisire mental st¿te a.¡d rvhcther these prouidures \roul<l ínfìjct
sevele pain or suffe.ring rvithin the nrernjng of the starure.

Seve¡-e Paj¡ or Suf.ering. In orier fur pairr or suficring 1e i'ise (o the level of torfure, tJre
siatute requitcs tbat it be severe. .4s rile have'previously explainecl, tl¡js re¿clres only extr:erne
acts. S¿etd,atl3. Nonetheless,dravringupoucasesr¡nde.rtlroTortureVicrimProtection¡\ct
C|VPA), rvhjcl¡ has a dcfinition of torh¡re that is simila¡ to Scction 2340's deûnirion, we fbu¡r,J
tlraL a single evcnt of :uffrciently inrorse pain may fall rvirhi¡r rlris prohibitioo. Sce id. al 26. .{s
a ¡'esult, r.ve ltsve e oallzed each of these techniques separarel¡r. I¡r further drawitrg u¡ron ütose
casest we ¿rlso bave found thqt courts tend to mlæ a totality-oËthe,ciîcurnstances approacir and
corsider ar¡ enti¡e course of conduct to dete¡min¿ rvlrelher mm:re ba-s occuned, Eee id ar 27 .
herefore, irl addition to coruidering each tecbnique separarell,, u'e consicicr them t'ogether as a
coursc. ofconducr.

Section 2340 defines torture as the ínfJíction of scvere physical or mentel pern or
sufr'ering. v,re rvill consi<Jer physical pain and mcnul pain separately. .s¿e l g u.S.c. g ?j40{ I
).
With respect ïo ph¡'5i¡;sl pain, rt,e previously concluded that'tcvere pain" wi¡hin thc rneaning åí

roj.gdRrr
 rcv,,dsr¡
/ iutensity akin to lbe
endure attd is of an
pain tùct is diffìcuit íor rhc individtral to
section 2340 is
öä;,;.,,*-::i:*1,ii;'1;iJ;ïT#:-'ffi
thc TVPA
f,',îlTåff,',ilii::i:öiËS
anô tltc bunrilg of
uuon Precedeut
,-årruie are, entotrg otîter,r;r"r,""t""
t*"'ng' *itriiffitt t""lt as cìubs'
t"ctuúquts itrllicts suclì
prisoners. see id. air*. *î*nø. ú.to*î¡ut;rifiì;;;osea
'"t¡in'

or sufiering' The stress

Thefac.ialhotr!stldtlteattetr(iorlgraspin.,,olvenophysical.pairi.lrt¡lrcabsenceoisuclr
Ur roiito iuni"t r"ì.it'p¡ysical'pain
oai* ir is obvious 0'., ,n., "^nroì -r*.r. i.,iöÏ.- È"J' i*ot''"t th¿ srrstailrcd
nosirions an<r walr ,o,.,dhlg;"l;;,ì.îî"*ìir^
.horcÌingofaposition.
r:,,iî"îi:;äJåg,ìtoi¡ru..r.,.iär,'gip"sitionir)':'il::',ltt"tn'
positions.will likelv irrcltrdc
individua.t,s body rveiglrt'ffiää;;il noe., ,+..-iú siress
t.i.ìîär the be¿d' artd
sirrilg on the floor *itr,rrej'";;;a.a r*rø¡ *i tr ¡"""0 i9¡ve rvi(h nru'se'le
*i';öï*u ¿"eråirgi.. A"r ¡t¡ ï:t:'jtd rhe
ro.,¿crine on the floor suffgiiig" undcr
'"**ö*ã.ient ^*ãîstJ'i'î"" pftv=ícal pain or
to an',orrn[
ìr'foreovcr' vou Ìrave
íarigue is nor of thc
sizhrre. nor, dcspitc oiìüJiåïli* iiúJ*r¿ ,. u. ãiñ"'üt it.i"ttrfcy
"'<iüre' *'11]r tre heatírrg of
'-
orally informe,l us rhar * ä;t;[i"n will be,usäìäi'".uì¿
Zu[raydaìr,srvound. i..'',åì"ø[,.,.ï=lo'nc-tudelhatträ"i."t^q*t¡¡"6tvcdisconrforttì¡slfalls
pain'
ät frif"tt ,¡" tluushold of sr:\'ere physical
sirnilarly, although the confiner[cDtbo::t-,:t"$JJ":rlfifrtirtåir*'äiiå*.

iîî,îåi*Tl"*1\ì,i:ï'tr;ft ;tr"i:ïift ;;¿;;;ucxlv11þvcarsåo'"irv

hi* wouo¿, Zubaylalr *t:;tö;tîtxiui"' *nu¡"rt wouìd substentiall'v
infomrerl us that despitc no infonnalïon f¡om tbe
reduce zury poi,, .rro"ldäì;-îïñ otr*d i" ,hä";l-v"-h.uu.*¡"it the.indivldual ís kept irt
tlì. l¡mt"i äui"r.^ i*
rn<lic¿l expcrrs yo" h"î;;;;;t,J,îår use of these
pan. .cr u ,*uit, ,*e do tl:t llîI.tnt
rhe bcxcs causes Ân.y subsantiel .oh.lsicat u'it' s¿rious p.vsical iajury'
ùr"u .uo be said ,.
""],liäi"",ilii;ïffitt**'ttitti"r'cd
.I.ìreuseofoneof(hcocboxesrr,itltthc.inr¡oductiorrofaninsectdoeslrotâIteithis
u" ptlTd,io the box' Thus'
cssessmenr. *..u" r.j"ïiriã ir,
".
s.r.,r[y.h*;;frri;s*.1ntrr we discuss
o.r,iãitìon ¡n ZuUa¡'aatr ¡r'Èicìt
rhough üre introduaUoîoiäir'rä**ygé¿"*
puín'
ir"ìoi"¡, ir certair-ly docs ¡rut crr:sc pbysiczl
depríving.'-o.T*:tt of,tlïl
docs no( iuvolve
As f'cr slecp deprivation' it is clear that
sevcre plrysical p"i" *Lhi";;'ïä";;i'h; 'ütt:, *t'l¡"'lï*ï'^t^ïå,ili,iäliìi,l.t
or tire e'\penenc¿
riisconrfsrt
¿i"o*eo", as thà iatig're
some ph¡'.sical is pe¡-oiÉÈ'l to sleep' Based on
keeping one,s eycs dJ'.ï;;'r",r;,
'oth
"n"tiì"'iråi"ì¿*r results i¡
"*i,
rhe tsots you have pro.rided us.
*, .*"* tiäyltiã"no it"t section
we s,rè
stcep deprivation
23404'
sevaepl'tvsical p"i" ;:i?";il' Ã;;'n' ¡tt tt" ¿i"* not violate

Evenrhosctecluriquesthatínvotveplrysicelcnntactbcnçeentbeintcnrrgatoran<lÛg

rcr;#um it)
 rop
/ #p¡¡
inclividua.l do not result írr ser,ere pain. Thc facial slap and rvailir.g conmiu precau(ions to ensur:e
rltat no p:ín even approechirg ïhis level results. The slep is delivered wíth fingers stightly
spread. rvhich you havc explained to us is desÍgncd to be tess pajdul than a closed-lrund slap,
The slap is also deli',,c¡ecl to the fl*dry part of tlre facc, further rcducing any risk of physical
daaragc or serious pairu The lacial slan does not producc paitr that is difr-rcult rs errdurc.
Lilierv[5e, rvalllng i¡rvolvcs quickly putlíng lbe person fontard aod then tfrirsting hìm agair*xt a
flexibtc falsc rvall. You bave informcd us tl¡¿t úe sound ofhining the lrall will $ct'ralty be trir
\\'orse dl5r1 any possible inju-'y tn tl¡é. fndividual. '[1're usc of thc rolled towcl a¡ou¡¡d itrc leck also
rêduces any rlsk ofinlory. Wtríle it nray lruf to be pushed agahrst dre rvall, any paiu expcriericed
is not ofthe inrcnsiry asscciated wi.th scricusphysi&t io¡u¡j,.

-4s rte ttttderstund it, u'ltcn the r,.,aterboaid is used, tlic subject's body responds as if the
subject v¡cre drorvning-+vcn drough tlre subject may be wel!. arçire that heis iri fact not
drovoling' You have inlbm¡cd us úat tlris prctcedure doæ nor inflict gc¡ual physical ìraror. T1rus,
althouglr. t'he subject rnal, eq:crìence the fe¿r or pi¡rúc associatcd rvitb rhe fecling of drorr,lring,
'Jte q'eterboard does not inûict pbysical pain, As rve erplaincd in rlrc sectiou 23,10A
ì.{enroraldunr, ,þain and suffçríng,' as uscd iu Section j3+o is besr understood as r siigle
concePtl not distinct corrcep3 of "pain" as dístinguÍsficd f¡qnt "zuffering," ,Íøo Sec(ion 2340L
l'femorandum at ó n-3. Thc r'.elcrboa¡d, wlrich iuflicts ¡ro paín or actua-i trarir¡ rv[:arsoev.:r, ,cocs
llot: in our r'iew ilrflict ""evefe pain or sufferíng." Even ifone v¡ere lo parse tlrc statulc nìorc
,o ê-llen1Pt to trcat- "suffering" as a dis¡iuit conccpt. thc ,v"rerboa¡d cauld not be said to
lfly
iniìict -<eve rc strffcrirç. Tlte *,ateiboa¡d is sirnply & coiûolle,j acure epúode, lacking tlre
cÒnnotatiolì of a proû.acred pciíod of tinre genèrally given to surTering.

È'inatly, as rvc discussgd above, you have info¡nrcd us rhar in detcrminíng rvlricb
¡>rocedul'es to use at¡ci hotr'you ri'ill use {.henr, ¡ou h¡ve selected fcchuiques ùat will not lrarnr
Zuba¡'dah's rvound. You ha',"i'elso in,Jicatccl tir¡t numerous steps u,ill b. tak.n to ensu¡.c
lhar
none.of tlrese procedures ín ariy waf inibrfe¡eç with ihe proper hesliug of Zubayctah's *,oun<ì.
Yotr laaçe also indic¿terl thaq shodà it appear.t roy tiæ ttrat.ZuUa¡,aär ís experiencing sewre
pain or suffe-rirtg, tlte rnedicsl personncf.ànband will srop rbeuse
oîaly technlque.
Evetr whcn all of thesc methqds a¡e consjder'ed coml¡ined in an ovei-al.l coúrse of c.ooduor,
ihey stíll tuould nor inftict scvere ph1'sical pain or suffering.
As dircussed abör,c, a numbç.r oí
dtesc acuj rcsult i¡r ¡ç. p[¡r':ical
¡:air,]otherr:prr.nluec only physicel dircomfuf,.you have
itìdlc¿ted that (hcsc acts \\'ill not l¡c used rvifJt substanrial reperirion. scr t[¡ar tlrcre no possibititl'
is
tltat scverc physical uise from zuch repetirion. Accordingly- e/c oonclude
¡:airrcoul,S rhat these
¿'cfs nejthcr separafely nor as pa-rt, of a courss of cooduct would iofliã ievere plrvsic:-l pain cr
suffering withi¡¡ rhe rneaning oí tir¡ statute.

We ncxt consider rvhether rhe use of ûlese techniqucs u'ould inflict severc r¡¡e¡-,¡ol pain oi
suffering v¿ithin the meaning of $ection 2i40. Secrion 2j<C <ieiures severe arenml pain
oi
sufcrîag as "theprolongcd mental harm caused by or resuiting Forir" onc ofscveroì predicate
/
TOP $ECR_ET l:
/
 ry#tr:

ffmtrfilnî*ïi'*l'g-*ffi*iffi
at 8. No other acts can
st

ïå*l;üî¡îr:":i.',,i'.'..r,:nlp-:qlçïiî¡ä'''u**'ffi
"T]ilil';J*î"f"*l tf"*t
-rquire'r',e,rt the plohibítiorr liæ
¡rotAeen to-any'
::: ffi ;ì;î', i,n,*:m:.:l.ff i$,iitiå';;ï",,r,. i'*r u. ": ::::.';#:l:
t.
oî anY kir'd of dtugs'
or.
p i

" :ï],ilft , .
i

tr'"'" *t'' l'llîîJ!å.*äit"l,t,u¡;fif['rt*: ;m;;.

ä,îr] ,ì," q""stion i,,.**ä" '"i'
or
.r,;;i ;.,;".re pþsicar paiiì .îrJ.i,iiilå|;i:ï;ìffi l*n*rr,., .,'. *i:
*t'ject's posltion ' See írÌ' er
, ,r'"" 1*t1:-îj"ìî ¡;iÏ':y#iJ r.'*t'i'ir,'
", "rr*i"¡'*
ilil;*;;sed Ê'om the skrdpoint of arcæÒni

{)'
tbe
¡\o arBurncnr can be oradc
t}rar,
?,,1"f",.î3;::n".,iJ:ifü3rill,.lÏ:Ï|îÏ'Ë:.ït .
Jiäi'îlr,i:ï'å',f, Ï.Tïvliîîiî*T,::iäi:iÏi*;*'ïÏ:' j:iä3:iilJ,lHr
il;î;;ttti"n¡¿ü us' dte usc of these'-ecluuqui ti;;;"J;m teh¡iqu":
6¡ 5qu.,', phvsical poin'i"îiit''i'g: T: ht extent that thcsc úre-acts

jåT:".lä¡"i"'l"'e'"'l"¿'r'
'.}.rüliJiï:,f;J#itij"Srff.;l,'l:iÏ'i.,î,*llT
; tf sqve¡-c-¡ain or suffeÏius'
;;;;;ä;ilt"'i""-t11i""''*;
reasouable person in 'ñ;
Ac¿ordingly,tbcsetq'ot*l'"úqu"'arenolp*oiäËîÃ*itl'intl"io''ringofSection2340'
Thef'acialslaplikewísefatlsorrrsideÛresetofpre.dicatlacr;.,.rlr3lajnlyisnotai]uaarof

ü::îJJ."'J:ì,ï$.,l:än:ö*Ëf üdö'trilî'l'ïtî'üi,ï,i,:lif"{iliïJ,'ff:,,,

ïltiitl**fr trîîTiif üiïiî'ïffi dii*'ili'*'''*¿.'

l*',çxr'ili.îii:îî;'iåji'.1iLr-4i-ilir"*'"r*""J:i:"'disrodgeanv
."I-.oóiatíon o", r"oî1,äîîå.il ü:1TfÏ'J;;"r",",:tr;::"î1ää*Jr^fiffi'å'i':iä:'
;îtlmiïi:",ffi iåiijiiy:ïf :ä"'f-Y-1f ru;*äuîËili;låli
:ñ:lJäää:ilt'';ristorpredica'leacts
nnml,'"'*r-î;l;ï::ilìffi
t)

,"rr(r*
 rop ssdRÈr
./
' Walling plainly is not a proce.durc calculare<l to disru¡:r profoun<ily ihe Scnsss or
personality. While ualliug involves rvliat rnight be characreriaerl as roug¡h handling, it does rror
itivolve Lhe ilueai of ímminenr d¿alh or, as discussed abovq ihe irliction of severe
Bhysical ¡-.aj¡.
N'foreover, once agaiu rvc undersrand d¡¿t usc of ihis technique rvil! nol bc accomÞúnied by atty
s¡ecific vc¡.bal th¡e¿t tj¡at yiolence rvill ensue absenr cdopcraiíou. Thus, likc rhc facial slsp,
ualling can oJily constiture a thrc¿t ôfsev¿r¿ phypícal pain iia reesçnable pcrson vloùld Llfer
sucl¡dtlrreat&omtJreuscofùetechniqueitselC Wallingdocsnorilrandofítsclfinflicrscvcrc
¡:ai[ or sufferiug. Like the facial slap, ivalting rnay alter rho srrU¡ccts e*pcctarion as to rhe
treått!ênf he l¡elieves he will rcceivc- Noùethelcss, ¡he character of tLe action ialls so ûr¡ sìron cf
ínrliciing severe paín or suffering u,i-Jrin crr;;r;;t;ñ r,"J-,ú;;;oif he infene¿ tlut
g¡eater aggressir'eness \\'as to follorv, rlrc
['pc of actious tli¡tcould be reasonably be entìcipate<!
would still fall belorv arùyúing sufficie¡it to inilict severe
þh¡,sicel paio or sutlering under ihe
s(atute, Thus, rve co¡cludc ¡hat (his rccbnique falls oufsid; ihe proscribed predi.cs(e ocrs.

^ Likc rYalling, sir*ss posìiions and wall-standiag are no( nrc.cedu¡es caleul:ltecl to clisnrpt
¡l'ofbrurdìy ihc scnses, nor arc lhe5, Lb¡csts of inuninent dcuh. Ìbese pr.ocedrrrcs, as ,Ciscusseà
ubove, i¡¡r'olve (l¡e t¡se ol'muscle fatigue to encouragc coopcrariort and cio
i'¡ot therruelves
consiiù¡te the infliction of severe plri'sical pain or sufferini. lulor"o,,.r, chcre is no as¡æcr
of
viole¡:cc to eíther tcclnique tJtat.re¡uotelv iugg.rts furure
icverc paio or suffcri¡rg fronr rvhich
suclt a tlueal of futr¡¡c hsr¡n could bc ¡¡rfer:eJ. Ttrcy sinrply
inr,,cil,c forcing the srrbject (o rèn-,ein
ir uncornfortûble posirioru, rÁ'lúle ihcse acb may iiuticaie'tc flre subject tliat I:e may be
irtacexi irr
il:ese posítions again it'he clocs ¡ot disclosç infomrarÍoo, rhe
use cf thæe tc.clìnjqrtgs wotilci r:or
suggcst to a t'e¿sonablc persotr in ihe zubject's position rhai
ite is being rhrea.t^-ned rviûr severe
peln or suffering. ,À-ccordingl¡,, $,e concluda rhat these
f,rn ¡r¡sçsdu¡€s do not constif ute any of
thc prcdieate acrs sei ftrttr i¡¡ Scction 23.40e).

' As rvith the olher tecbdques d.iscussed so far; crainped. ccnÍncnre¡¡l is not a threat
oi
i¡runülent deatlu It rna¡'be arguåd tlraq focusing ílrpart
on ihe faci that tlre boxes ç¿ilt berviihour
ligtrt, placcL:rcnt i.tt these,boxes would co¡rsrihrr;a procrdure
ciesigned t" uisruii prorordì;ìd;
Tili -,ß we explain<i in ou¡ recenr opinion, hola'èver" to "disrupt profrrundiy th" r"nr.ri' .
Ilcluuquefiust produce an exreme effect in thc zubjecr, ,S¿s Secf.iin 2340A Ijfcmoranclu¡n dt
ls-t2' We havc previousl¡'concluded that this ,.qúires tlal ihe procedu¡e c6use substantíal
it:teÍftrence wit'h tl¡e individual's cogrilive abitiries
or fi.rndamenr¿lly atttr his personaliry. See
id' at ll ' h{oreover, the $atuie r"quir.s tlìat such p.rocc,lurcs rnust
be ca]culatcd to produce rhis
cífecr. ,5'¿e id at l0; tS U.S.C. g 2340(2)G).

W'ítlt rcspect to thc sm¿ll ccnft¡emenl [rox, yrnr l',ave infcrmed

us rh¿Í l]s rvou]ä spend ar
nost (wo hours in ti¡is box' You lteve i¡lornrcd us {.b-et your purpose
in using (he.se. bo>:es is ¡ot
io i¡tterfe¡e with hie senses or his personalit¡', but ro cause
trim physicst cliscoinfort rha rvill
elrcourãge him to disclose critical i¡¡folmalion.
Moreor,cr, youi i:rrposition of tirnc limiratíons on
the trse of cither of üe boxes ¿lso indic¿rcs üat lhe
use of ùcse l¡oies ís oor cesígned or
calct¡lsted t.o disrir¡t profounrll¡- dle senscs or pe.nonaliry.
F,:r ùe larger box, in rvhicl: he can

t)
 ,/
TO,,åfcREr

tirne
informed u, ¡1¡¿1 þe
; iìi"l
in the smalrer box' 'Thesc
bottrstandandsit"hetlraybeptacediritlúsboxfo.ruptoeighteerrhounal"atiine.whileyouh¿Vc
rvítl J:I;iì'";;tú rtti*
rvere tt even
seûsos or pcrsonelity'
li¡nits furdlerensue that ö"tft*ä;t"ptili "r-** docs uo( corritilute a
oossibtc, woutd resutr. ;"i:i"öi$ïrä"J"ni"*entboxes
lro.*,lu* caìculaled ," då;;;;¡tuodly ti't t"ntts or personality'

accompanicd by al¡'
NordoestlìeuseofttreboxestltteatcttZubay*,.u¡ft5êverephysical¡lairrorsuffrr:irrg'
\\,ujte a<tdirional (irne #;;,ìil;;r., n*y U. t¡iä',.i, ttu;, u'" itoot
;ik;
tË suess e¡d walling'
¡rosiiions
or suffuing'
express tlueats of severe pbl'sical pain tr.lt does not rise to the
ptacenrent i* rhe boxes iJpúli.^ùV un nrforto¡t" íoit,i" *;:lY
perso.n í1 t'c subject's
tevet of seïere prrvri.¿ pi|'oî -.îîärtü:
ffir¿¡pety, a ieæonabte
oosiriou rvould not infer fn¡r¡ thc use of
thls t..l*qïib't **
puysi*t Pa¡n is'the next
srep

in i^tenogator,r,trearncenr of hi¡n. Ttureforç,

*iofrilã"ilidt uS" åf thå confintm¿nt

ü;;tt
'is ;;; fa[¡'ithi'r tlrc staruters required predícatc acts'
";t
confinemsnt botes albr,svo-.*: r;'l."lltlli::;1::tl':åi
hr addition to using
In the cluur!úrue'¡
uslng üe """*we-uäjrlåO¿
i¡ you ilanto ínfornr Zubaydah
insect into one of dre boxes rvith Zubaydah' .As -.^,. ..,¡r â^rrrâìlv nlace a harmless
:ä:îJiï:i:'i'1i;åi'":äiáäiä';Ç;ril{,'":::1¡:l:;*i1iJff :'ffi¡i;
iìi:'ö:iö;;;ùillig*:""1:îïii:$:i::ifl
;ii:Jiåî:äi:J,""i':f"äffi "'fi
ä#å'iåÏi!'üi.i:iffi
:ålffi ':"#J;i,iiäff#,ïiä'i;ilä;lF::' j:i,:::îi:'$:*'å-ffi;iil
'i^iä'il";;Ñili::.Y:;:*ï-."ä":,",ï!illftr
i#ïi;:JäJäi;,älåliJåä'.ä;:iäF,i;:*:i*.'"::,;:îÌ:o,H*illåb;;
lc¿d þJ¡r to believe úat anY

rvehave inscct's fiffiiãi

s'ould not conslitutc a threat

:1":TÏ:î,"";;ïJ:i;.î""i-1iËffi;'ä;iö;ii;.e.;:1;1T:"T-'"ï::;fr,,"ïi.L::'"ïl"i['""
o[ severe plìystcal P[¡!Il or s'r!¡rclilrB ru o rç¡Ðv"ev'Y
i".iã _0, feel ttueatened rvith
jn a l¡ox, a.'åo a,'t individual v¿ith afe¿rof insæts'v ! !,.r.- r-^., r?¡rdh¡r vnrìra'e.
""jonabty
.?,Í"ÏihiìiilüJi, *:,ñ.'i,ä ol ;.:iiuar uru prnced l*l*::',Igl';äiii;:
¡nrorf:teõ us uar you 'i!rc rrtrl 'rr\qre luer
ilJå:å'"ii:iläï;;;;ä;;'üñavdahrras*v"1î91-':::.1ï:::'.i*J"i,1i::i:'
ánaUtc-perso' h that $me.si¡¡atiOn
tO
iuformed us of aoy other factors úat would cause a
ia¡t' Thr(. we
il:ltffiri;; ;Jä; irrse¿t would csusci¡r thsconfinenr"nt
r..
-,^^r -^:ñ ^.
hi''r severe ptrysical r',': l:lTllt:,.T1].Tl
bo* with zubavclah would 'ot
::Ï:iJritÏ'liliil"å;; oi,ro¡**r
constitutc a predicate act'

Sleepdeprir+tionz]sgclearlydoesnotjnvolve¿IbrÊetofi¡runin.er¡tdeatlr.Altlrougltit
severe plrysical pain or
prodrrce5 p¡;nical ¿iscoriij, ii bp said to constin¡te a üueat of
oould slecp
"u*0, persoo in Zubaydah's posíúon' Nor
suffering from ttre perspeJvå of a reasonable ¡Jre scn:es' so long as slcep
deprivatic¡n ionstitutc o a¡*tpt profouodly
deprivacion (as you
";;o}[j;iÃtruø
n*Ji"roî""¿;ò;;; inreon it uscd for tiníted pericds' beforc
hallucinations or othe¡ p*ä*¿ ãrr*ptions of
th" s.nses would occur. To be sure, sleep
bis foet Indce<i' you indicate t¡at
this is
de¡:rivarìon n uV r"¿u"* ii"-ri¡i"är-irt¡li y to Aink li
ronffm
/
i4
 rop s}lluir
/
tlre inteudcd result. His ¡ne¡e reduced abilily to evade you¡ questior:s a¡ld resis( alurveûng does
not, hor{ever, ¡isc ro the level cf ilisniption leQuired by the stahrtc. Äs r"e explained ab0r'¿. a
dist'uptíon vithiir tJre meaning of the stalure is an ex(renìe one, subsfeltially interfering with an
individual's cognitìve ¿biliries, for exaruplc, inducing hälluclna(ions. tti driving him fo eogage i:r
uncharactcrisdc seìf'4esrructivc behavior. See inf.a l3; Section ?3{04 l',{en:orandulir al | ì.
Tl:¿r'eforc, úhe límitecl Lue of slcep dçrivation doçs not co¡rstiiutc one of thc required ¡rredicale
3CiS.

V/e fin,l that the use of rhe rrutsrboard const¡f utes â theât of imrniuent deåtlt. As you
Itave explaincd d:e rvaæràosrd procedure rc us, it cieates in the subjecl the ttnconqotlable
ptrysíologiql schsation t¡åt the subjcct is drorvni4g. Allbouglr ttrc pioccdure rr,ill be mo¡ritored
by personnel wi¿h medical uaining and ex(eniive SbRE school oxpedèucc ivith this prqç-cdurc
wlro u¡ill sllsurc dì.e subject's menhl and phlsícal safety, ibe subject ls not aça¡e of any of theso
nrearutíons. Fron the vanlage point ofany reasørable penon undeigoing tliS procedure in suoh
circunrJtanc¿s, h.c rvorrld feel as if he is drowning at ì,sry notlìeli of iire ¡:rocedu¡e due to the
uncontrollable ph.vsiological sensatio¡ he is experienoing, Tlius, lhjs procedwe ca¡utot be
vicrve-d as too u¡:cerlaiuto satis$'the inmitence rcquír'ement. Accortiingly, ít constitutes a
th¡:eat olimnine nt cicath and f.rliills the predicata acl rcquircnrenr uoüer th.e staltrte.

Althorrgh d¡e rvate¡boa¡cí constífirtcs a thrc¿t.of iru¡ninent deadu prolonged menfal harrn
nlust noltetheless r-r,sult l.o violate ùe stanrory.prohibilion ou infliction of seve¡e mental paitr r:r
suffedng- ,Ico Seoiion 2340Â Memor¿ndrun et 7, We.lra've prcl,iously coucluded..tbalprolongecl
menta:l bann is menlal hasr of some !âsling diriàlÍou o,g,,. menßl ìrantr laSting rno¡rtlis or yeus.
,S¿e ld. Prolonged meutal harul is not simBly the sl,ress orpericnced in, íor examplq an
interrógation b¡, state police. ,Sec dd Besed on your resegrch inrc tle wc of tlicse methods at the
'SERE school and cousuliation rvith others rvith er:"pcnisc in the ileld of psychotogy ancl
inÍerrogation, you do not anticioate that an¡'prólonged nlerrt¿l bu:u woukj iesult tiom the use of
tile \^'atêrboald, Indced, you lrave advised us thæ the relief is almost i¡rnlediate s4rcu rhe clorh is
reruoræd fronr thc ttose and nlouth [n the abss¡rce of pro]ongcd menial lralnr, oo severc nresul
¡nin or rrrfl'r.ríttg trçrrld hnvc bncn inflicted, and tbc xc of heso proc¿durss worlrl uot const.inirc
tortu;.c wítl¡in fhe rneaning of ihe statu.te.

V/hen t"bese acts are cor,sidercd as a course of conduc! \Ì€ ¿rc unsure whethcr thesc acrs
n:ay constittrtc a [uest of severe pl:ysícat pain or suffering. You hai'e in<licsted to us thel
]'ou
Itar'¿ nof deterrnined either the orcier or the precisc riming for implementing rlrcse procedules. lt
is co¡:ceivablc that tbcse nrocedures cculd bc uscd ir¡ a coursc oíescalrtíng conduct, movlng
incrementally and rapidll, from loast physicrlly in{nrbive, e.g,, facínl holtJ. to the most rrhysicai
con¿¿ct, e.g., u'alling or the watcrbocrd. As ue undersund il bascri on his t¡'eatmenr so far,
Zuba¡'dah hæ come ro expect rhat no plr¡sical hann rvill be donc to lúrn. By using these
tecluriques in increasing interusity anci io rapid successier¡ the goal ç.nuld be to dislocige thls
e>lpectadort' Based oo the faas you have provide<l to us, \\€ caff¡ot say defìnitively that thc
enli¡e course ofconductrvould cause a reasonable person to-belìcre that i¡e is beihg threatencci

royÃiwr t5
 ./
roP*fcner

in o r su rrc rin s uiti'lÏì: Ïl

t l{ iîf åïî.}î.{:å.*
rh sev c re : i
J.:ii'å :: öiffi
r,¡ i pc

u ¡lder ccrt¡i n
circumslanc<
("';;i'ì+'"k''::]::å'.Jiîil",î;;:;iiiåìålJ;1*¡'*u:':':
cnìminating in tl'' o'te'oãil

i::d#.ï.X:,1'.'l'*,:..Í.I,i".f i::-':{üiiJ[¡,ffi
couduct tvou
:J"**Y;:,'J::iäi:i
lï:"J;i'¿in whe(her ihc coutsc Qf
T40(2)'
a threat
tltought to pose
rvcre tLt"C]1l
crrnduct lr1u" :f 'ltltv:t"t{:ttåî'îïTn:îi'
or crrndut!
Even if ¡he coursc'' of ui"f^tioo of.S ';"Ëä;.'t
it \À.outJneverrhetcss--on jiî: :îiålåïäl ñ;;Ëìi'"" {ro us1 11o procedure must
titc
;ö;;;;;trtccoursc.'ffi'".;å\T,::J:',ili.iff orlt'åär"i"*'ìiå.""*,tl'-lî.ilJ;'#i:"i''
nrcotal hanu' .J3used
;:"j,iiyä;; protoo.gea
exists that ilris *T*
r *nru.aprociuces
a*y,pt
culnriuating i' tl'rè
indiceli::g that no ewcnce
that a cours¿ of con{u¡^t ¡rstttc
ïä';åät"' and
ïä;:.;.";t;clude 23404'
.äåirr.*a t"ould not r'iolate $ecdon
sr:ecif ìcrnten!roviorateti¡estatr:iq'an'å*;a;iJ:;å::ît$f*#;.tnm-

in'tet .

fi,rffi$
:il:* ffi''to iniiui¿u¿ musietpresslv
*' at
'r.Ë;'ffi:fî::.äriä'J#J,
c r,''
ä;i;; ;i -0Á Mcmo'sn'i .ca:"t
t"::' *'T-1
3
-c
i tí n8

Ï iiät tha( f a defen<iant'

nlt* f"und i

not *,'d l"1tl :q::l

ä;;"t*';itïnt'iog' he nas
i;;;;. "fi;;'r' u' ii¿r'se' F'3d.It'i'MI
2I8

*:äiliifu ndtirru;.tltl¡li;i ;'x***Èt*g**'

esøl¡tishcd by' amolg
otlter
Good iaith may be
ii at 8.

or suffering' Thc
pioceduresv/"ur¿ n.ïiu'"îriu iäin"
io*,,iiä*'t".'*
fr''v'i1"1 r"ut
Basedo¡¡thqiEfoEtationloy-fryifr1o'videdus'v¡ebeli¿ve'(hatthosecarryingoutrhese
¡i"tttte coß5tarr' Prescrce
or
is nor ro- oause Jr*i;;;i";ipulo' it a'pear
o,ciecrive of rhese *',,.,iqur. inteilor¿.tion shoutcl
pci.sorrncl ,,ui,t-, *.¿iäiäi*ri"g'r-r," r,."" *"ãJln.ttni'iãì,ii, '¡" severe'physiool pain' I|
(0 çsuse
tltzl il i' nnivntì' iolÉnl
ii is merlica'y "-.."r*î;ì*ni'*e¡
ïìï!öi;r3:îgi:?å:r'ffi :tim:i;+î"Jff iï''i:îü:ñi'i'i:,i:iåi
tttt use oithese tcchniques'
SER-E school ualntr
o. ¡is ,.."öit"päri 9v
i:Ë;"î;.;rr"l,ä
Zubaydalr,s ioj.ry

Tlrird.asyouhar,edescribed.thcrntous,ùepropose<irecluriguesir,volvingplrysical
coniâ*f
",**"n-"iËî"ïT:f 'l-ï,'i¡J#*,:U.'m:'."X*:ii,l":ïäliil*"
scrieus physical harm
]r rl..'
to ¿uoaYqa¡¡.
./ !6
roPy'cner
 ./
TOP8ÉCRËT

wlriplasìl a¡¡d he *ill be permitted tg o¡ornlorir tfre fléxible wall to reduce thc likelihood of
injury. Sinrilarly, in tl.re "facial ho!d,'t thc ingertips rvill be kept rvcll auray from tìæ bis eyæ to
ensure that Tl¡ere isoo'injury to them. ihe purpose of that facial hold ís. uotinjr¡re hint but to
hold rl're he¿d iuunobilc. Additlonally, whìle úre strcss positions and rvall saqding rvíll
undoubte<ily result in ph¡'sical disconrfort by tiring rhc muscles¡ it is sbvíous tbet tbùsè positious
aíe not íliendqd to produce rhs kind of exr¡eme
¡rain rcquircd by rhe stanrte.

l:urlhenrrore, no specific iiìtenl to câuse sevcrcnrcnr¡l pain ocs,.lffcring eppeals to bc

PreseDI. Âs wc cxplaineiJ irt our rece,:ç st¡r'.* an iudividu¿l rnust luve the specifrc il.¡tent ro
uruse prolonged rncrrtal h¡rrr¡ ín order ro h¿r,c the specific inient rù inflicr sevgr.c nrcntal paio or
suffering' .See Section 23404 À4emor¿ndum at 8. Prolongcd nrcntal harnr is sul¡.stantial menpl
bsnn of a sustained duration, e,g., hae-l fasting uronth o,.r"n
¡,ears a.frcr the scts rvere lntiac<J
uPon the prísonor. ds rve indicated abové, ã good faith.bêliefca¡ negete ihis elemenl
Accordíngty, if an íhdívidual couducriag rùe íntenogation bos a goodûith l¡elief th¿t drc
¡rfe$ues he will apply, separately ortofedrer, \.r,ôr¡ld Eot resuliín prolonged,mentaf b'arm, tbar
iudividual lacks tltc requisite specifc !nre'lr. Ttiis conclusion .oo..*íng riøtio intent is d:nher
bclsreled by the due diligence rliar h¿s be¿n codilucfed concemi¡g tlì¿ eft€;b of these
inicnogadon procedures.

The arenal heatth oxperts úal you have consúlted have indicatcd that the ps),chological
impact of a cotuse of con<iuct rnust be essessed rvíth reference ro &e subject's psycbologicãl
histotl' arrd cun'ent¡neutal be¿lù stna¡s. Tl¡c hcalttier tb¿ Lqdividual, rÀi tess lil:ely rhaittre usc
oiany one ¡¡rocedure or sct of proccdurcs aJ a course of cooduet witl result in pr<llóngecl
mental
lnror A comprehensive psycbological proñtc of Zubaydalr lras becn crc¡lcd. in creJting rhis
profile, yöur¡rersormcl drcw'o¡ düect intcrvicrvs, Zubay,Jah's diades,
obsen'ation of Zuúnydah
¡!¡C! !lis ca.pWq, and infn.m-eriorufrom nthp.r.cnrr¡.r:rq srr¡å a<'nlhar in+pllioen¡¡.aná nr¡co rana¿

As we illdicatcd abovq ¡ou havq informed us that

¡,our propose,l iuterrogation ursrhods
havc bcen use<l and conlinue to l¡e uscd in .SERE training.
Ii is our und.ersending d¡at tbesc
techniqucs are nol trsed one by one i¡ isolaiion, but a
æ full course of conduct tô resÈnble a real
htermgarion' thus, fhe iofonn¿tion <ierived frq¡n SERE eaining bears
bott¡ upon the irlpact of
tlìc us€ of ilre individucl tech¡iques and upon tlicir use
as a course of cor¡ducl you lravc'found
¡hat dle usc ofthsse metlrods toietüeror separately,
including dr;r*"iùt" watcrboard, has oot
re$l¡teg ìn aay negative long-term rnentsl he¿lth .ãns.q*n".s.
The contiaucd usc of {hcsc
¡r¡ethods u'ithout meínl he¿ldl cu¡rsequencos
ro rhe t¡ainees i¡dicatqg rl¡at it is triglrly improbablc

*Ñ* t't
 'ouff*'
ltuu" yotr have conductsj
thedue diligcnce
to
*'**'
:uld result hert'
rhar rr¡æe p.,"0,;*;r,r'er
aione::ld¡il'$.{3;*".;ruS}îî:'ltl,t^i:
deten,ine tnect ihs sPeotnc
tr
¡.tì", tî. nJicve thai you 'ìo tlot
ê"",iån 2140À' , ^..--* lileñfllre on t.e
subject'

d**;çu¡tui[gl.u$**.ugnç*rl',1åuffi
indi cateð'À'cre uíaware

""'''oi]o'scribe<r-r,.îi::i*,ï*iiiir.ä*äî*[=1j:îiriîii,li,îiiîîffü'""'
imi:acl. if a'nY, these Pr<

äHit[i:'lr:iffi '.t:ïîi'üfi i:
ä'.îr*" the rele*anl literautrc
";**i, il *Ìl?li^f"dah
*"'"tIî;î"";;ro;" ublÌ!
õ^ir¡. "r" ^noþi"*ta
of the procedures, initudi¡rs I e1.* and aboul íaittr
rtre
of a good

ä*tîÏ,';t::r'ilrruruHr;:x*1'"*:iliiHill;n:;;ü-*,îùã*.*a,i'u'í
prorouged nreural hanr
rvíll resurl, tt'-o*äiîãi.¡oo"r:]"t{riliiir"u.,r.,r,
î*irciir.,"r no

fåriiil,Y,î:î"ö.",'*'ffri'ylÏ*k*:*:l=r,*i:ll,lÌåi,tx;"n"
i¡rtent to tnflict prolosgeq
tÌ:t1::
the srrecific poin
,f."in. intent to r"nriï 'î"å''- "'it''r
"1 :åïüîî "tor't*
?ñ il tht case tbe use of tl:ese
methods scpor
"1:i:Hå:i"iilîåîr¿-not
Section 2340,{'
'

:*;r:'J,"".,'åËllifi:$::îïli:iffi'iå{:åå'lj'î'JilJ*:'ii:î'l''Íi"
this stamrc; just there lru't
as
;.ä;;Juing
ifwe can be of futfhel assistance'
Please let us knou'

,rø*,
rg

,lrrîr'-i Þ
Appendix t-)
 Conðltlonrj ro¡ CIÀ'Detalnaes
Guiðellpos on Coaf,{:lenÊnts

conflnemenE, Eof
Ion

anô
Eaken to prolecl ilÎ-h:?lLh
Ðue Provl"l"l TY:l-b"
safetsY of a

r''tÞLeiûeütù39 P¡ocadureg

I
I
i
 Guídellnes on Confinemenb Condltíons for CIå DeÞaínees

3 - Res¡tolelåle CI.ä. Off lcer

The Director, DCI Count,erterrorisE, CenE,er ehall-
e¡-lsgre (.a) thaE, aE all- E,imes, a specific ¡gensy-st,aff
enqrloyee (t¡e orfi¿Ãi;l -rï=ãäãi"iàu*a
(tåe "Responsibte cxÀ ot¡i;år;l -rï-ãäJidàL*a
responstble f,or each speclf,l.c, Det,enefon'rãóiiiev, lul ehaE, ""
each R:"ponslble ç¡.tr
:l:h
:::i
E0ege^:-yy..l+fr¡.r
Çr.À offtcér
vEr¿cetr has
nas been
¡leen provtded
provrãèã i¡ícir
wlbh a copy
c oE
Eo-ese cuidellnes
GUidellnes and has revj.ewed a¡da¡rd ãigned bhe aþranl
sicrne,¿i t-he attacheäl
Àclnorrredçime¡¡E. and (c) ur¡au Respou;ibIê. crÀ officer an¿r
eâch nesponãlbt..-ere-'otttcer
Ehats eãã¡ a¡¡d
gaq} çIA off icer. paiÉiciBacíng
wiEh a
NE,
and has

4.

Inbelligence
rì¿t-lss
Date
 ': Detainees
Confíneruent Condiuions for'CI;A
Guidelines on

AçF¡o$f'EDs!æIgf

!r'of,ftcer for' Ehe

'Þe9aineest.-:.

ACI(NOI.ÙT,EDSED I

Dage
ñame .
Appendix E
 of
r,hê conduct of inEertogaEio¡is

tbe of
rhèdeeui.a:rfe]-"1g¡gr"l"'-åi:ïtrå"iË:ií:"""
ôoerations g¡rlda't
îãËäii ã éu: I óT tl: " }:X"T :i:;:" .'
: lil
gur'o : :
"p:
exisEing DO " "i5::t';x ";
consror''
Etä"å-'ci rãårittes sÞall "*:î"
recbnl'ques
.1- Be¡ætssíPla lulair"St"1"l
.
unres s' :iËii:É"?i:i"ii:ilîfrå*îg:äåäþ "" "

Ét*iî#t#it*ffi :å":åï"ãi"i*"=

ffi
ä:l:T"å:f ,^nËåi!iËi, -Fl^.1i"::å ?i iåHi
 r__- Enh.ary:ed:Teçhrlques are Eecl¡Fiques ghac do
:l::Iryf"5e. ph¡rsicul eI_ psycho.t ost cal sure' bayond
:::*g?fd reêhniques. flre: úse of each ¡iresËpeciflc sniranced
'ljecnffque .mrsE be apBroved Heaaquarbèrs in advance, and.
*lplovga o$l- þy
cne !"
PY bv ápBtövãe r'iÈ"ii"õãuãT"-ãåi
spee.Lflc deEalgee, wiEh approBrlaLe. ñedlcal anduse wirh
psychological participaEÍon Íir- tir'e process. These E,ecbnlgues
3Iî¡-Fg,at,uenuton grÞspr watlins, Èhe iåõiar-il;rã, È,he
:::}ij :I1P (1nsu1c slap) i Ehe abd,onuihal s1ap, crarþed
wq,ll
::::}l1$rit',. beyond-?2
-sb?ndittn, stress po:sÍtlonsi '
::*eiiYitlon houris, rhe usè of diapers "i¿¿;
fo? protonsed
perlod*ç, the use of. harmless inseçls, the wãter boarã, and-'
sueh other rechnlqueF may.b.e
PUT:u3nE.eo paraglraph 1s
4 belõw. "éããiriäãrii-ãipIãi"a
rhe uqe of èacîr-Þnhanced.
x'ec¡trrrque is subjecE. bo- speilffc tem¡loral physical, and
rel.ated condítiois, rncruãinõ-ã-competent,ewaluat,ion of, Ehe
medical and, çisychological ltãre ãt euu deb,åinee,
2. Medlcal a¡d Fsychoiogiåaf perEounel

1-Ly. available for consult,ation a¡rd

travel co.
i::::. cì-tEffi
f,he fn(errogaEion on síte durÍng.
sít,e durÍn'g. aLl debainêe
*..eçrrvséL¿ens
rr¡cerrog'at.ions eñproy'.ng
employing rieandård
6tandard Technlgues, aad aBpropri-at,o
aBproprj-
Tî9':1] and esychðroõ:.cãr pài"ã"¡"r
lïÍ'::]_?ld-elvchðloõ:..ãr pài"ã"¡"i
-äo *. J¡ïÀ-å"ileå durincr
mù"iïÀ-å"ìieL durins
I
îl¡rr eacn
^l :.."ile e- iå r, erroõãr iõ,ã ù-;i"ä'ilhä
case, E.he medical and psychologlcal";ä ; å ä"ïä :ï:
personnel shal
:::n:3i, :t: - {"rË"äåËiåå ffi".fl :loå: È:ffiiå tfr#"ä*r ;*I1.
iiu, iilEïir:u,:liï1"
-- *-¿\sar
I! .:y such insb'ance,
i 1 ti"-ili:1.æiru *
çe rt;Þr.l¿Ë rr.-EI¡e.¡.ncerroga.E,ron
*¡à incãiiãàãclo"
ti.t"
rãur-"rruii-
å: trå:åö
Ís not, suåBended.
-å+.nqenr
:X"*i: : :rï aÈ;reEorú"
-
;;. i_
deBerr¡r-ine
-
_,, _ Ë ä- Ëääåõ;', ;;Ë' &vr iäl ¡t¡4¿qgc4s¡¡u
;:"_::y.:^rjrevier¿/ wheEher Ehe interrogat,íõn nay
be resu¡ned,
3. Tnuorc¡çratiorr perbo¡¡,al
. Ih"
Direclor, DCI Count,erLe¡rorisE Cenber shall
thar
:::::: -personnel dírecEly'""sãõ",i
a3.1

:îe.meqrjca-t; IFIZcEõ:Fgical, and securiCy suãndpoines), have

,T-:vi.eït:d þhese Guidelines, h¿ve
have received
receiveä apBroþriate l-r¡ini
training
ll,,Jl : f -'*iã'ãi
ÀcknowledgnnènE
cu ei o; ;
å"ä-ü"Ë ïãil
il. """".å"i^re
3å"ilË'ål;:
. "i:å
 Condqg-ted Pur .to Ehô
Gr.rideliue o¡1 atlons

4,.'ú¡Brovais Re'sulred
f,easible' a'dva¡ce approval
is' regr:ired forin
W'renever
Tå:,s.::ÏffiÎJîHïHil!Ë-il;*!:l:¡'liÏhh-
3;ç''
:Ti
*i-r-:uiÏ"çëli=[$$;51çsi
CTCLega} GroP¡
u

e: rffi*imr +rLäï*¡*il$¡;: :åffi "'i" " "

i::H*ir,"*,îä:'t**ltri'l;i"**::s+*i-,
menb,al pialn pr-siËe"iiãs". o+d
(d) the .

''""
BerEonn€
Iã' +-prËv- ri,* d'täãã¿'Ëå "¡n iqàiå L"U: å3i1" !l ". t'
åËrà-àl'ãã- a;:*g¡"¡i-*i ; _.I?H; . ":"Xl
bhe rlght Eo e "
5. Recordlrgei:Ing
v¡hích an Enhanced
In each inEerrogat'ion qqss'lon in
: ::H :s: tï,åþ iH äi'r;:iîi# ffi :åH.ii:f Ë : .iîf I iþ :
"
*:ååË# i.: I :ä;;:":i' ;ä i å --'lr' I "
: il'stH"; *lþ::fr}:;' ;ã-; cable' shalL be
inforrnacÍur,, *tti"h-¡nav be i" tËî;;;
Provided bo tteadquarters '

APPRQ\IEÞ:

i
larrla¡l¿er¿ÉôS
tncellfgence Date
 4(1SSOrrûEpCl@NE

.. I, , ' .- , acki¡owleAsà Ebac I bave read a¡d

uirderstand and t¡111 corqoly wiEh tbe .¡!gi¡þ!þes og__

A,CK}IOV{LFOGED:

Date .
Appendix F
 M .':'
DRA}.T OMS GUIDELINES ON MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO
DBTAINEE INTERROGATIONS
. .September 4,2003
The foliowing guidelines bffø general references for medical officers supporting
the detention cif tenorists caphued a¡d hrned over to the Cental lntelligence Agàncy for
intenogation and'del¡riefing. There are three different contexrs i:r rvhicñ ttræe guiOeiinæ

.:
,'
/¡ff¡'ÀBOGATION SUPP2RT
.1

i . . Cep*ed terrorists hmed over to the C.I.A. for intenogation may be subjected ro
ialge of legally
o
Ìdd: sai.ctiôned techniques, all of rvhich are also *.,i on U,i nitltzry
pe¡son:rel in SERE training programs. These are designed to psycholbgically
"dìslocare"
the detainee, maxi.tlize.his feeling of vul¡erability anã helplessness, and reduce or
eljminatd bis rvill to resist our efforts to obtain c¡itícal inteiligence,

. ., _ . Sat ctioned interrogation techniqúes must be speci-fically approved in aclvance by

thç Dírector, CTC in the case of each in¿ivi¿uat cæc. Th.y inctu¿e, in approximately
asðending degree of intdnsity:

Standard measures (i.e., rvilhout physical or substantial psychological pressure)

';i Shaving
Srippiug
:I Diaþering (generally fo¡ periods not gteater than ?2 hours)
Hooding
: Isolarìon
. White noise or loud music (at a decibel level rhat will not darnage heæing)
i Coùtiurous light ôr cla¡kness
: Uncomforrably cool enyi¡onment
ì nesricted diet, including reduced caloric intake (sufficierit to mai¡tain
general health)
Shackling in upright, sitting, or horizonral position
'Water
Dousing
Sleep deprivatioo (up to 72 hours)
'Enhanced
measures (wîrh physical or psychological prÊssure beyond the above)
Attention græp
Facial hold
krsulr (facial) slap

W
 Abdomi¡ial itaP
kolonged diaPering
Sleep degrilati.on (over 72 hours)
sEess n-iloffå,r,
body slanted fonvard or backward
-leaníng with forehead on wall
Walling
crampJo. côntin ment (Confinesie¡t box'es)
IVaterboud

In all inst¿¡ces tbe general goal of these techniques is a piychological impact' a¡d
;'dislolat¡ingl U¡ expeetations regarding
nor some physical effect, õitll . spãciñc.goal of
tire neamæni he believes he will receive" The more-pbysical techniques are -
""
delivered in a ma¡¡er carefully limited to avoid seriqus physical harm' Th'e slaps for
ã*ig"r¿;a ioao." shock, surprise, aud/or hu¡qiliation" and "uota to i¡flict
".r*pf"ä
úr"ä p^io tnaiis severe or lasting." ro ihis end they must be delivered
in
specifically circr:mscribed r¡anner, e'g', rvith iingtt*.Yt19: .Ydtgil"..*,19-"Ï,1
AII walung aoc
'
*ipti"gUo*¿ designed to be löud and bóuncy (and cushiol the blow)'
artention gr*p, *rì.-ii*t"¿ onty wi'fb'the subject'stread
solidþ suppoited witl a
mos.t
towbl to zivoid èxtension-flexiôn i¡jury'

oMS ís responsible for assessing and monitoriug thg he$th of all Agenry
that the
detainees subject to 'ienh.ancecl" interrogation techiques, aitd for deternining
to cause selious or
au*rorizeA ufioioitt utioo of these tohùqu.t would. not be exþected
t
;.*r" ;пi bui¿"lin"r " havq been issued formalizìn g these respons ibili ties,
;ä;;"ì
*¿ tn".e should be ieaddirectlY' :

beyond
whenever feasible, advance approval is required to use aly measures
it.noiqu.-tpecifiïadvanced approval is required for all "etrIanced"
standa¡d measures;
. measufes a¡d is on ãn-site medical anã psychological personnelz corofirming
"on¿iUo.if to
from dírect detainee examination that the enhanced technique(s) is not expected
tbe
procluce "severe physical ot mentai pain oi $uffering." As a piactical Oatter,
be such that tbese interventions wili not have lasting
äetainee,s physicdiondition.must

t ïhestandatd usedby the JustiCe DepUtment for "rncntal" harm is

'þrolonged mental
duration, e.g., menbl harm lasting uronths y"Ts'"
harm," i.e., 'omental harm of såme lasting 9r
been
"In the absence of pmlonged mental hm, no severe úental pain Or suffering would have

inflicted." Memoranduro of August 1,2002, p' 15'

Unless á physician o'r a P

wc¡tcrboard requires the prcsence of a physician'

 4
effect, antl his psychologícal sute snonfenough that no severe psychological harm will
result.

Tbe medical implications of ttre DCI guidetnes a¡e discussed belov¿.

General intakc evaluation

New'detai¡.ees a¡e to have a thorough initial medicdl assessment, ivíth a complete,

and nhvsical addressi¡e in

Documented nedical rechecks should be

brief, the data should reflect what rvas checked irnd include

Meclical neatment

It is irnportant thaË adequate medical care be provided to detainees, even tliose

undergoing enhanbed interrogation. Those règuiring cbionic uiedications should receive
them" acu
provide4,
 Etrr*-t-If

.mosito¡ed and
nutition.

iloitot.¿ and recorded'

U nconrfortaþly.cool envirorunents
plaped inuc
Detai¡rees can safely
be-

r"nuùJJ,iti"*gt"sliomhourstooaY+

comfortablefor
individuats.

that ambient lemperatures

a¡ebelowthttllermtry${
If there is any possibiliw
ffi;ñdtå.@
 At ambient

White t¡oise or.loud music.

As a practical guide, there is no pennaûent hearing risk foi coutinuous, 24-hours-

-
a-day exposures to sound et 82 dB.o¡ lower; at 84 dB for up to 1g.höirs a day;
90 clB for
up to 8 hours, 95 dB for 4 hours,'aod 100 dB t'or 2
be provided to meæu¡e these ambient sound levels.

Shaekling

Shackling iù non-sbessful positions rquFer only rtronitoring for the development

!!¡e_qgres with appropriate [eab¡ent dnd a'diusment of the Jhackles æ requi¡ed.
 4

IL.^, j*O.td_apnrov at f"

is 72 hou¡s. Extenslcjnofsleep deprivation beyondiz continuãus hours is conslãereda¡
l.
^-L^--^¡----

NOTE: Exanìnations performed during periods of sleep depríviztton

-
shoaliÌ"íncluile the
current number Òf hours wîthout sleep; and, ìf only a bríef iei precedeil rhís.períod, the
specifics of the pràtlouî deprivation also slnuld be recoided. '

Cramped
-cqlrñnement lConfineErent boxes)

4
 V/ater-boafd

Thisisbyfæthemosttraumatico.f$eenhancedintenogationtecbnïques.'[he
id SERE
hsre äli,ot"d k""of.agu. of tlttìse of theíatsiboard m¡del
historical contexr .t *"1. In the
raining þeveral hundr;itffi;r**.rr*.ãit:åi"tylã*
fdti"äã *d evescoveted'with cloth'
'ERE a
the subiect is imrnobiliäiähË#il*9lt''Ii;i;Ñ.ubjeõq then bave the bloth
A s'earq of water r- ¿fí."oä.iir,g
uplitln.
Utã w*iãt continuei to be applie* fullY
lowered ro cover ,h"
"å-;;i*""tli;S
äH,f 'å3:::T*,tri,ffif $"ï$îf if î;itÏ;lit***.m:"ål"i*:"-
Ut"athe, but cootïnues to bave
lvater
to
of ¡he cloih, tf.. *uUp.ìirîå-"ai.triy.Ut.
dË;,j;ir.-"púrüìöäù*,ú:yitråi.'i.";J":ffiüîi j"ri*iri::ï3.
ru:nn:'t"."'1il:',:*'"iiïå:å:iï'ift äu'9''l'råùit''pô'*itv
fif'*ffll'n***
*
tbls wc.IuqutT' t'¡¡u uw ¡
it --_y
technigue, a¡d deem
inesistible in ttr.e Eaining
---

I
 :
The SERE trnining program hæ applied the water'board technique (single
exposure) to tainees foryears, and reþorteïly there haye been
thousands of alpücatíons
wititout significant or læting medical conrplilations. The procedure nonetheiäs carríæ
¡oge.{sk¡, particularly wbel repeated a large number of ti-mes or when appiíed to a:r
i¡dividuat less fit thaq a typical bEng rainãe- severd Àeaíc¿ ¿irc*ioü
need ro be
monitored to ensuxe the safety of the subjecf.

þ o* limited experience, extensiVe sustaiired use of the waterboard can intodúce

new rislcs- Most seriously, for reaso$¡ of physicat
the subject may simp.ry give up, ailowing äxiessive
fatigre.or psv.u"r"ãã i*igr;ti;, '
äiine Ã"iy, ill;:i
imracoiltely, and the "f
consciousness. .¡in unresponsive subjec[should be righteä "r't¡ä
intenogator should deliver a sub.xypioid thnrsr
,h; ;ier. If ttris fails ro resrore
" "ü
no:mal.brT9iog, aggressive meoiðãt intewe4tion.is iequired.
.{ny subject who has
reached this degree of comFrömjse is not coasidered
*äppràptiute candidate for the
waterboard' a¡d the physician on the scene can. not approvä
ñ:rther use of the waterboæd
without specific C/OMS consultatjon ald approval.

..E rigid guide to medically approved

use.of ihe waterboa¡d in esseutially healthy
individuals is not possible, a.s sai'ety wiu oepenc on how
oi wuì., is applied and.the
specific lesponse.each time iris used. The iollowi¡g g.o.r.ltgoidelines
a¡e based on
verylimitedknowledge, dra.wnfromvery few subjeõti
wnos.jixperiengg *a,æpoÃ"
' was quite varied' Thise rèprese¡t oor/*it.
medical guidelines; legai guidetines also a¡e
operative and rnay be more'-resnictive.
 Aseries(withina"session")'l:"*'l'Î11'-'lt"ii:ii"Ï:'::iätåitJ¿i$."
in¡ll
medic allY accelt1b.l3
tnout

ffi
apparent ã,run:i'åü;Ïi"ffi r"qiîiT¡;n:::ílf,ffii'f;S'
ff ii,'J:iiiå;åiliäl,x;;:n:ru:l:ffi¡Lî:i'#*ä
n'"*Xl*lå",ffi i"#iåi"ii;åÏ"ä,Ïti;;ffi
;;;ssmentmusibemade

ìt ß
and'iecdmmendartons'
N\TE: In ord.ertobest T f"ryfr'y:: y:.1::^ i"ogments doc¿nnented: ho'w lons
íinponant thar erery appticatìon
,r*, y.7,-liíl;;ä'i;;;";"r-8w
eniire proruainj'ür;;;l;; ;r,ci warcr was usàd ín theseal
eich apprieotron @níåte applied' íf a
(realtzíng ,rä|*-"it'rit'Aiii on,'n-ü- àoaty the water was
volwmàwas expelled'
frIled, what Sort of
brocess
-was
achieved, if theioro- or'oropharyr,¿.iãs
subiZa lookedbeflveen
each
how long was the Ur|íär*iri oppÉrotioír,'ånïí'o*
'ne
lredttfient.
?rr$rg** ' '
-. T.nx'ÊúÉr-qä.!l!È.{qf
1

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c054 038 63

SECTION 1.0- OVERVIEW

1.1 Overview

L IEfforts âgainst the Al eaeda tgrroris!-glgglizâlg! have usherecr

h'urrclrèds of suspected and known group
nrembers into custody. Ma.ny of th.esq
detainees have proven to bq sgutggg._oJ_eclg¡eþlg$glti0elce
d,ealin(ì w
rqngqoJ counter tenori¡ls:t¡gS, A small number
of these cletai¡rees aro reco.<¡nizecl
as well-placed ¿\l Qaeda operatives, v¡ho
holcl secret consiclerable iníormàtion on
their crganization's past activities ancl future plans.
These targets of higher value, or
Hlgh Value Targets (Frvr), have beerr uncooperative
during crebriefìngs, ancl
resistant to our standard interrogation efforls. ln
fact, extensívo experience with Al
Qaeda prisoners lras made.it evicJent that certain cletainees
ha,¡e received fornlal
training in techniques to resist interrogations,
and tlrat they are particularly adept at '

using cultural cliffe¡'ences as both an interactive impediment

to the interrogation
process anrj as a psychorogical support
nrechanism r:ehincj which to hicle from
interrogative efforts.

order to effectivetyìeat¡1ill[lïIggg]fgqutarion, Dírector, e_unter Tenoríst

Center tasked thel
L*-_--*_Jto se_t up and train Íntenogatiol
teams ¡lembers have the skills and
resístance, qnd inte strateqÍes to a
lncumbent to this approach is resistance technique
identification, anci, when
serviceable, ímpf ementatíon of certain speciarizecr
counterm easures.

f,00108 8
c0540386',3
'l

t
I

I
ì

I
I

0t0ts89

(ê
c054 03863

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(

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.I
c05 4038 63

Fç*à
c05 4 038 63

resiqt4nce t¡aining ls ?vailable to high+lsk Al Qae¡la operatives.

countormeasures.have been developed irl such a way nq! ig vlolats United,Statgg

Federal aqd lltematlonal torture prohibitions.

sEcRBd-::*-l 0 001092

t---_-
roP

I
c0 5403 B 63

'

','*+ i

ãã -e*-ut¡P"tto Futr¡re Ðemand'

using the
f -----l'"-J pesulb -'--first AlQaeda HW interrogated
rr-"' the
r\"oqrw from
L-' -- --
r¡sw¡¡ outst
rrÞ.,r Trrhavcla- have þeen
techniques' !ÞgzgÞayo'a¡ IìäI'
ator"r*tltioned enhanced 2002' Since Apriì'
the

Zubayda reached a satisfactorv 9l9-oiTlia;Jin 'qugutt

levJi
dl*'
ìtttl[ggt*
interrosation team has qroduceat-_--- 'gøg!"blt s
i:iiii:ffiil ìffiffi i*a''' "¿?'o*u instances or th e u

-
a blo to neurra rize
At Qaeda at":',11"-t-ï:^t:T:-'1|;tî,ff
G ov e rn m ent be in s .c to the
qnsase in operations harmrur
:::i:iil::iliï, thoso capabiritios ro
^ont ¡loc'isicrn mat<ers hgyg-4-Pos!!
united
United states' tr.'uóu
States. Because of this'
US
p
tcñcrease Hvf lntenogation
there is pressure
view of the proglqlr, and

it can'be
of additionr{H!¡T

gxpecfg(l.tnat-llttË-Irgq,,v"
that -'---""' fm
. SefViC_eS.
for Uore HVLPToqE
captures and $e llkqG-eþcrease in-demand

2.g OPeratlonal'Assurnptions

n resources willbe
icted in sedeúr-lugtì
thd
and availaÞle for
arecriü@

000 1093
c054 038 63

;..
:.(

tl¡e prosram wiÍt provrde to, *.

servfces by caretuity fncreasfng. fte ¡umber of

-:lpsychologlcal

0001f1s4
c0 54038 6'3

roP SECB3'fl

( i

L-= - : :ïl; ñ.", *

'-:*technisusg'--Peffn ""*5;1,:$nlì[îäi,li:å;i',i,;:l
¡a nÉ F,^l1T ii:,fî:.,'å*i
o
I,S require ?tiot- - ^
il:ffiånääiã.nnrqu"s ãã"tuiitd interrogation
| on thè provision ot
---=---r-:===approva
F-eãõqua*ers
plan.

n?ïr11,.d.1,::i::¡:'f;li'j$[îî:å;i:s':J:+f; :lil+fr [i]i

ã¡":;:ls¿'J,i.iii3å.tq;'iiìì#iÞ,ri:',x;l5åi:ilþiä
nOt inCOfpOÏaËe PrtyÞruqr
qrre r- t -'' -ll.fOfmS e¡¡rPrv)\ bY
Of qUeSUOnlfig emploYed

ll'l"i:l[lli:.".1,.çii'lå'Ji'ii'J"-'iu;üi;i':î,li:'::i:",[i;ilî'å.ä
ü.Ë. ìu* enforcemirît änd
mitita'" '"""riåi,
*o iãär'.ãl.utoric intake
(so
(not tc exceed
ieîp ¿"ptlvatlon tnot::,:ï:-Î:1T,1l'"'"r.,n
;t;ipäp;riãüo. "',iåi'ií;;Ë; neåitn the
of
or in"
t" eenemr health
the e.""ml
roiõ-ui tro" amount
tong ut the is calcutateo "':;,;;'u*
amgYn.t i111l1]l:i9-1t3..,Slrtu',
reading materlat' us'
rr-
rrJr¡v noise
orloud
use ãf"loud
u¡ (not
!iäriå"i; oãötivution of t

i,

. i.:: \
\r.-----)
\/6
c0540386'3

"diapers,, for limitgd,periods '

'damaging), 'dnd the use of
), and moderate psychologÍcal pressure'ãre authorized.

Ãccoitfinil, wileie sfãð'f{lesäFe rode e,rnp

_!_e_v,el of the detainee's tieâ¿ to ãuorà

L__
I

- --l
I Please note that shackles may be used to keep a detai¡ree in a
standlng position during perfods of non-enhanced sleep cleprfvation
(shorter than 72 hours)-, so rons as rh;
are fol.lowed.
.f.;;'.d,ô;ã;;å';iåËrui¡on,

L,__ | Enhanced Techniques:

tncorporate
In.volves techniqu.es that DO
physica,l. o-r psychologlcal pressure beyond standard
techniques. All tecfiiti¡ties are dðslgnåo tô not.ngunãur lasung
and
:ever? niental or physical harm to the detälnee. it ls understqã¿ that
ysical pressqrel---l
ls not intended,--
however, nee aclually severe physical or rnental þain;
'i
0001t96
c05403863
s .t
1O? SÞC

,r':;
(

ln addition, appropriately trained T.:! ^,+.^Fnê\,c r,^'rp. o.rel"#J. ãut fegaf

',i,"ållitl;.11J'liÎiåiiiölïîi[ii*:iî,inhltii:::lì:îXlilå5å'J
analysls to iil:Ì3å:¡::.i:::ä'*Ibli"1l'¡"'if
ål:ïl':'ff tbe.legal aovtser to Lrt<' ''i'iurî..' .nà'tr ihe Crlminal
',"'l'ïËkåi-li'eoräce
;iËü èouns"¡ãttne P.p1tf|Ï
?'.:J¿ü.i:iä h;' bãän
3^ *u- prpqrrrenr nu, ¡ri. as
been briered
31å:i.i :iTffi¿å::lå ï:i'"'J*'i;i
iñclude:
;;i; rL-;ã Ànnanc"d.techntques

Faclal slaP
Faclal hold
Attention grasp
'Abd.onrlnal slaP

' Walling
Stress Positlons
éiåãl,i"privation bevond 48 hours.
õ.sïãr dläfers lor Prölonsed Periods
Use' of harmless.insects
CramPed confinement

Water Board
to
detainee ls dependent
I I rhe use of èach technique for each a competent
- un¿ r.'r!åi"äilìüo1't'
*";in. remporar, phystcal',and
inltuotng
prv.r,àjãgìðal staie the detainee'
of
evaluauon of rhe'medtcal

r__-lTheuseofeachspeciflc.enhancedtechniQuemustbeapproved
--Ev-H.ê-adouun"rl tî ;ffi.ääroïli'ü" ärpjòv"q
onlv bY approved-
mediea Iì ate
use w*h tnu rpuåii'iJ d"bï;;
*rtn pb toþri
i nrérrosarors ror
the process'
ä"ã p.vðnotogiCat participatlon in
before any
[-_laompliance tii'safety and legal issues î11^?::ddressed
the detainee' The
L-ãÞÞ-tÍcarion of physica.t prurrururä ui us-9f -ug-ulTt
physiial and emotionuili.iu will be ã prime consideration
detainee,s pressure'
before any appllcatlon of physical

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