Kobe Maristela Period- 5

Thesis Statement:
Filipino rights were violated by American political interventions following the SpanishAmerican war; Emilio Aguinaldo took the responsibility to advocate for the Filipino people.

Primary Sources with Annotations

1.
Aguinaldo, Emilio . "Philippine History -- Aguinaldo's Message to Congress on January 23, 1899." VYP - MSC Institute of Technology . KabayanCentral.com, 23 Jan. 1899. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/republic-message.html>.

Here, Aguinaldo is thanking Congress. He is describing what he make the new country (Philippines) will be. Also he is comparing the US independence of Fourth of July, to his new Philippine Independence that will be held on the 23rd of January.

2.

Bautista, Ambrosio Rianzares. "Filipino Librarian: The Philippine Declaration of Independence." Filipino Librarian. N.p., 6 Dec. 1898. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://filipinolibrarian.blogspot.com/2006/07/philippine-declaration-of-independence_05.html>.

This is the first page of the Declaration of Independence for the Philippines. It is handwritten by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista. This Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898. Also like the US version of the Declaration of Independence, a bunch of people signed at the bottom to agree to its terms.

3.

Call, The . Aguinaldo Declares The Independence of Philippines. N.d. The Call, Manila; Cavite. Philippine Independence. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://webzoom.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Aguinaldo%20declares%20Philippine%20in dependence,%20SFC,%20June%2018%201898.jpg>

In this photo/newspaper, it shows that Aguinaldo declares the independence of Philippines. This newspaper shows that Aguinaldo is fighting for the freedom of his people.

4.

Daily Post, Houston. Houston Daily Post Issue of May 31, 1898. N.d. Government Archives Philippines, Cavite. Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://webzoom.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Aguinaldo%20forces%20ready,%20HDP%2 0May%2031%201898.jpg>

In this photo, it shows that Aguinaldos forces are ready to take on Spain. Also this newspaper provides a direct view on what another country thinks of the Philippines wanting their freedom.

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5.

Dewey, Admiral George. "The Battle of Manila Bay." War Times Journal. The War Times Journal, 13 Aug. 1898. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.wtj.com/archives/dewey2.htm>.

Admiral Dewey is now approaching Manila bay. He is now preparing to engage in a battle with Spain. This battle was planned to keep Manila city from falling to the Philippine Revolutionary Army. After winning the battle against Spain, Admiral Dewey then blockade Manila off.

6.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. A medic attends to a wounded Filipino soldier. N.d. N/A, Cavite Province. Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Filipino%20soldiers%201%20US%20soldier%20 wounded%20Filipino.JPG>

In this picture a wounded soldier is being treated by a medic. This shows the courage and determination of the Philippine soldiers fighting the war. Also this demonstrates the sheer crave for freedom, and the cutting the ties from Spain. This is a great primary source since its shows the willingness of the soldiers to fight for their freedom.

7.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. Filipinos moving captured Spanish cannon. N.d. Government Archives, Cavite Province.Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/emilioaguinaldoreturns.htm>

In this picture Filipinos are moving captured Spanish cannons. This in return shows the willingness of the Filipino race to win the war, and the determination to have even the slightest advantage against their enemy.

8.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. General Emilio Aguinaldo. N.d. Government Archives, CaviteProvince; Manila. Emilio Aguinaldo Returns. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Aguinaldo%20in%20white%20with%20sword.jp g>

This is a picture of General Emilio Aguinaldo. In this picture, he is somewhat wearing a doctors kit, and sword. So inferring in this picture, Aguinaldo is both fighting and saving peoples lives in this war.

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9.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. May 22-23, 1899: The Filipinos conferred with the U.S. First Philippine Commission, also known as the Schurman Commission, at the house occupied by the Americans at Malate district, Manila.. N.d. Government Archives, Malate district, Manila. Filipinos negotiate with the Schurman Commission. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. <http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Filipino%20and%20American%20peace%20com missions%20May%2019-20%201899.jpg>

In this picture it shows the Filipino panel that will negotiate an armistice. In this panel, President Aguinaldo is trying to get his best men to talk the US onto making the Philippines an independent country.

10.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. Some of Aguinaldo's men, 1898. N.d. Government Records - Philippines, Cavite Province. Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://webzoom.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Aguinaldo's%20men,%201898.jpg>

This picture shows some of Aquinaldos men. Also this picture shows how organized and ready the men are to die for their freedom, and with that it also shows that these men were probably farmers back then since they wore the farmers hat and some of them have no shoes.

11.

Dumindin, Arnaldo. Spanish troops in Cebu Island. N.d. Government Archives, Cebu Island. Emilio Aguinaldo Returns. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.freewebs.com/philippineamericanwar/Spanish%20troops%20at%20Cebu.jpg>

In this photograph, Spanish troops are invading Cebu Island, and by looking at the picture I can see that the Filipino army is already outnumbered. So its only up to the Filipino pride to see if they win this battle or not.

12.

Famy, Don Emilio Aguinaldo y. "True Version of the Philippine Revolution (by Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy)."Authorama - Public Domain Books. Authorama, 14 Oct. 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.authorama.com/true-version-of-the-philippine-revolution-1.html>.

Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy is writing to America, for the help they obtained. Aguinaldo is trying to state a case, which he wants the Philippines to be free from any country, and be a country of its own. In this letter, Aguinaldo is just "breaking the ice", later on saying that he wants the Philippines to be independent.

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13.

Guerrero, Leon Ma., and Apolinario Mabini. "The Philippine Revolution (by Apolinario Mabini)." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/history/mabini01.htm>.

The Philippine Revolution written by Apolinario Mabini, talks about his life during the Philippine Revolution. Mabini executes clearly his perspective during the war, and what events took place. He projects the events that happened during the Revolution, and how he got captured by the American forces. All in all, this primary source provides an in-depth view of a soldier, having no high political standing in the economy show what he had seen during the revolution.

14.

Guevara, Sulpicio, Felipe Caldern y Roca, and Felipe Buencamino. "Philippine History -- The Malolos Constitution of 1899." VYP - MSC Institute of Technology. KabayanCentral.com, 21 Jan. 1899. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. < http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/constitution.html>

This is the English version of the The Malolos Constitution. It was translated by Sulpicio Guevara from its original text. This like our Constitution lists out in article what the country and the government as one will accomplish.

15.

Mabini, Apolinario. "Panukala sa Pagkakana nang Repblika nang Pilipinas." The Project Gutenberg EBook of Panukala sa Pagkakana nang Repblika nang Pilipinas. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <www.gutenberg.org/files/14982/14982-h/14982-h.htm>.

This is the proposed Constitution by Apolinario Mabini. This constitution has 65 pages, which was later decline by the people. This provides a general concept of the Philippine mind. Also this was one of the earlier declined Constitutions.

16.

Ponce, Mariano. "Cartas sobre la revolucin, 1897-1900." The United States and its Territories: 1870 - 1925: The Age of Imperialism. DLXS, n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. <name.umdl.umich.edu/AFJ2286.0001.001>.

The Cartas sobre la revolucin translated to English means Letters on the Revolution. The Cartas sobre la revolucin is written by the Filipino writer and patriot Mariano Ponce. Mariano Ponce was one of the leaders for Philippine independence from Spanish rule. The Cartas sobre la revolucin is basically his summary of what happened to during the war for Philippine Independence in his point of view.

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17. Revolucionario, Gobierno, and Sulpicio Guevara. "Gobierno Revolucionario De Filipinas." The laws of the first Philippine Republic. DLXS, 20 Dec. 1898. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pagevieweridx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;rgn=full%20text;idno=AAB1246.0001.001;didno=AAB1246.0001.001; view=image;seq=00000096>

This document is part of the Laws of the First Philippine Republic. This document gives an insight of President Emilio Aguinaldos decree when he became president. Also this document shows us how Aguinaldos cared for his people and with that, this document states that on December 30th of every year is going to be a national day of mourning.

18. Revolucionario, Gobierno, and Sulpicio Guevara. "Laws and Decrees." The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899. DLXS, 18 June 1898. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pagevieweridx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;rgn=full%20text;idno=AAB1246.0001.001;didno=AAB1246.0001.001; view=image;seq=00000025>

The Laws and Decrees here explain the basic Constitution of the Philippines. The revolutionary government when writing this is setting up the dictatorial government rules for the early Philippine country. This source explains the basic set-up of the Philippines back then, which will later explain how their government will be in the future.

19.

Revolucionario, Gobierno. "The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899. / Compiled & edited by Sulpicio Guevara.." The United States and its Territories: 1870 - 1925: The Age of Imperialism. DLXS, 22 Jan. 1899. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001/106?didno=AAB1246.0001.001;page=ro ot;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image>

The Laws of Malolos is basically, the first set of laws set by the Philippine Republic. Inside the laws of Malolos, it shows the offices, and who is in charge of that office. For example, Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy was written as the first president in the laws of Malolos. Also many other positions were posted in the laws of Malolos.

20.

Sumodobila, Rene . Civil and military officers of the Filipino Republic. N.d. Government Records Philippines, Sinait.The First Philippine Republic at Malolos . Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/pop/fil773g.jpg>

This is a picture of the military officers of the Filipino Republic. This projects a window to the past on what they wore during the battle, and how serious they were about the war and their freedom.

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"PHILIPPINE national anthem." Philippine National Anthem. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.philippinecountry.com/nation

22.

This website helped me the lyrics for the national anthems; which is considered a primary source

"The Filipino American Story | Challenge History." The Filipino American Story | Challenge History. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://www.filam.si.edu/curriculum/u2-part-04.html>.

This is a primary source picture for Philippine Independence. This picture shows Emilio Aguinaldo being in charge. This projects a sense of command for Emilios part.

23.

Regents of the University of Michigan. "Browse Results." Philippine Photographs Digital Archive, Special Collections Library, University of Michigan: Results (2125 : 1 / 107). MLibrary Image Collections, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclphilimg?med=1;size=20;sort=sclphilimg_wid;start=1;type=bool

ean;view=thumbfull;rgn1=ic_all;q1=sclphilimg> This website provides primary sources of events happening in the Philippine Revolution. It showed the daily life of people and also how it looked back then, before everything came to be.

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Secondary Sources
1. "Emilio Aguinaldo." 2013. The Biography Channel website. Oct 18 2013, 02:23<http://www.biography.com/people/emilio-aguinaldo-9177563>.

This is a full in-depth biography about Emilio Aguinaldo. This site provides everything you need to know about Emilio Aguinaldo and more.

2.

Philippine independence declared. 2013. The History Channel website. Oct 18 2013, 2:50 <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/philippine-independence-declared>.

This comes from the History Channel website, so this liable. Furthermore, this article raises a general interest of the Philippines being known as an independent country, and also it demonstrates the success of Emilio Aguinaldos goal in life.

3.

Editorial Staff, Britannica's . "Emilio Aguinaldo (president of Philippines) -- Encyclopedia Britannica." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9892/Emilio-Aguinaldo>.

A group of people wrote this article, which means that it is very liable. Inside this article is the basic biography of Emilio Aguinaldo, and what he did in his life. This article gives the perspective of the American people towards the Philippine-American war.

4.

Encyclopedia, New World . "Emilio Aguinaldo - New World Encyclopedia."Info:Main Page - New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2013.

<http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Emilio_Aguinaldo>

Kobe Maristela Period- 5 This is yet another bibliography explaining Emilio Aguinaldos life story. Even though this looks like Wikipedia, it provides a more accurate view of Emilio Aguinaldo than the popular Wikipedia itself.

5.

Filipino, A. "AGUINALDOS CASE AGAINST THE UNITED STATES." NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. <http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/gilded/empire/text9/filipino.pdf>

In this article, an unknown Filipino is writing about Aguinaldos case against the US. This unknown Filipino therefore provides an extra perspective on how people viewed methods.

6.

"The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures." The Spanish-American War in Motion Pictures. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sawhtml/sawsp5.html

This secondary source helped explain the Philippine Revolution to me which gave an enlightenment on what happened in the past. This source gave the basic material structure on what happened in the Philippine Revolution.

7. "Introduction." - The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress). N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2013. http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/intro.html This secondary source provides an inside on what happened in the Spanish-American War. Also this provides a vivid projection on the background of the war and how it got started.

8.

"The Philippine-American War, 18991902 - 18991913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The Philippine-American War, 18991902 - 18991913 - Milestones - Office of the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. <http://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war>.

This provides an insight on the Philippine-American War. It showed a perspective of what happened during the war. Also it shows the ratios of the casualties during the war.