The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Gender at ADB: Policy and Practice

Francesco Tornieri Senior Social Development Specialist (GAD) South Asia Region Department (SARD)

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Outline of Presentation
I. II. III.

Gender in Corporate Architecture Gender Mainstreaming in ADB Gender Mainstreaming in India India CPS and related Gender Assessment Areas of Collaboration with EAs/IAs

I) GENDER IN CORPORATE ARCHITECTURE

1998: 2008:

Policy on Gender and development Strategy 2020 Gender equity as driver of change Results Framework 2016 Targets 45% ADB - 55% ADF operations 70% completed operations delivering intended gender equality results

2013:

Gender Equality & Womens Empowerment Operational Plan

(a) ADB Corporate Results Framework (2013)

(b) ADB Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment Operational Plan (2013-2020)

(c) Country Partnership Strategy Results

Gender-related indicators in: CPS Framework, Sector Roadmaps & related Frameworks

(d) Project results

S.M.A.R.T Gender-related indicators

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II) GENDER MAINSTREAMING in ADB

Gender mainstreaming is defined as approach to promote gender equality (incl. womens empowerment) and social inclusion (incl. empowerment of traditionally excluded groups) in all aspects of ADB operations and across all sectors [incl. Country Partnership Strategies (CPSs), programs/projects and TA)

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GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGIES

Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment Operational Plan Gender Categorization System Project Gender Action Plans Policy Dialogue and Capacity Development Checklists and Toolkits

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1.

GENDER CATEGORIZATION SYSTEM

Gender Equity Theme (GEN)

Gender equality and womens empowerment is explicit project outcome Directly supports Gender equality and womens empowerment

2. Effective Gender Mainstreaming (EGM)

GEWE substantially integrated across all outputs but not explicit outcome Directly supports gender equality

3. 4.

Some Gender Elements (SGE) No Gender Elements (NGE)

categories assigned by project staff reviewed and validated by gender team (center)

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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

OPERATIONS WITH GENDER MAINSTREAMING (2007 2012)

86% 76% 65% 53% 56% 42% 38% 29% 27% 31% 42% 43% 51%
Gender Mainstreaming (ADF & OCR)

76% 67%

76%
Projects with Gender Concerns

58%
ADF Gender Mainstreaming

23%

2007
Gender Equity Theme

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012
No Gender Elements

Effective Gender Mainstreaming

Some Gender Elements

PROJECT GENDER ACTION PLANS (GAPs)

Gender analysis in project preparation Gender targets and design features included in most outputs Gender performance indicators in project design and monitoring framework Inclusion of GAP in project documents Gender specialists in project implementation teams Covenant for GAP implementation

POLICY DIALOGUE AND CAPACITY SUPPORT

Promote policy dialogue

gender-responsive policy or law reforms engage national machinery for CGA/CPS Policy dialogue on project GAPs

Build DMC gender capacity

RETAs/TAs for GAD capacity support to national machineries/line ministries EA/IA capacity development project GAPS Cross-regional or sub-regional lateral learning

CHECKLISTS AND TOOLKITS

III) Gender Mainstreaming in India

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State Assam

OVERVIEW INDIA PORTFOLIO (GENDER)

Gender Sector Category EGM ANR EGM North Eastern States Bihar EGM EGM EGM Jammu and Kashmir EGM EGM Karnataka EGM EGM NCR West Bengal Odisha Rajasthan EGM EGM EGM EGM EGM WSS WSS WSS TRA WSS ANR WSS WSS WSS WSS ANR WSS ENE No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Project Title MFF Assam Intgrated Flood and River Erosion Risk Management Investment Program MFF Assam Urban Infrastructure Project (Tranche 1) MFF North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 1 and Tranche 2) MFF Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Investment Program (Tranche 1) Additional Financing for Bihar State Highways II Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2) MFF Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program (Tranche 1) North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranches 1, 2, 3, and 4) MFF Karnataka Integrated Urban Water Management IP (Tranche 1)

10 MFF National Capital Region Urban Infrastructure Financing Facility (Tranche 1) 11 MFF Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project (Tranche 1) (2013) 12 MFF Odisha Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program (Tranche 1) 13 MFF Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Tranche 3) 14 MFF Rajasthan Renewable Energy Transmission Program (Tranche 1)

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State Gujarat Kerala Gender Sector Category EGM ENE EGM EGM EGM Madhya Pradesh SGE ENE WSS WSS ENE No.

% OVERVIEW INDIA PORTFOLIO (GENDER)

Project Title

15 Gujarat Solar Power Transmission Project 16 Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project 17 Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement in Madhya PradeshSupplementary Loan 18 Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Project (Tranche 1) + TA 7831 Enhancing Energy-based Livelihoods for Women Micro-entrepreneurs 19 Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Project (Tranche 2) + TA 8056 GenderInclusive Capacity Development for Electricity Distribution Loss Redution in Rural MP 20 MFF Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Tranche 2) 21 MFF Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (Tranche 1 and Tranche 2) 22 Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Development Project 23 Khadi Reform and Development Program 24 MFF Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2) (areas T1: Assam, Chhattisgarh, MP, Odisha, W Bengal) 25 Supporting Human Capital in Meghalaya (2013)

Uttarakhand

EGM EGM GEN

WSS WSS FIN IND TRA

Multi States

GEN EGM

Meghalaya

EGM

EDU

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Gender Category Transport SGE SGE SGE Energy NGE SGE NGE Sector TRA TRA TRA

% OVERVIEW INDIA PORTFOLIO (GENDER)

Project Title

Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project North Eastern State Roads Investment Program (T1) MP State Roads Project III

ENE ENE ENE ENE

NGE Finance and Public Sector Management PSM SGE Mizoram Public Resource Management Program NGE FIN

Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program HP Clean Energy Dev't Investment Program (T4) MP Power sector Investment Program Assam Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 1) (Tranche 2)

Second Infrastructure Project Finance Facility (Facility and Subproject 3)

GENDER INCLUSIVE DESIGN FEATURES

Targets. Targets set for womens participation or access to project benefits e.g., number of women trained, womens representation in decision-making bodies such as WUAs/Committees, number of scholarships for girls, involvement of women in O&M, M&E Capacity-development. Gender-related capacity-development assistance for EA/IA, or provisions to mobilize and train women. Implementation. (i) Engagement of GAD specialists and/or Gender Focal Points (GFP) among the implementation consultants, (ii) Engagement of service delivery NGOs to facilitate women s participation. Monitoring and Evaluation. Consistent collection of sexdisaggregated data (based on initial baseline surveys) and effective monitoring of gender equality and womens empowerment results.

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Level
Outcome

SUMMARY GENDER-RELATED INDICATORS WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION Indicators

Beneficiaries-focused 1. Access to sanitation, sewer network/ No./ % of women part of sanitation coverage in the project area 2. Access to Water/No./ % of women part of water supply coverage in the project area 3. Reduced time for fetching water Organization-focused 1. GESI structures Beneficiary-focused More frequently cited indicators 1. Access to Water supply (incl. connections to pipeline, meters) 2. Access to Sanitation (incl. connection to/ installation of sewers) 3. Participation in groups, decision-making structures and processes; women in decision-making positions 4. Capacity Development (Water and Sanitation, Behavioural change, O&M, livelihood, enterprise development) Indicators included in some DMFs 1. Employment (solid waste management, recycling) 2. Gender-friendly prices/ lifeline rates/ subsidies 3. Womens participation in operations (O&M, awareness and behavioural change campaigns related to sanitation) 4. Facilities for esp. for women (in religious sites, maternity health centres) 5. Gender-sensitive public facilities

Outputs

III(a) India CPS and related Country Gender Assessment

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DMC
India Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2013-17
*Agriculture and WRM; Education; Energy; Finance and PSM; Transport and Urban Development

Entry-points
CPS Gender Analysis (Summary) Gender targets in CPS Results Framework, Gender targets in Sector Roadmaps and Frameworks

Gender Equality Diagnostic of Selected Sectors

Part A: Overview Key Gender Equality Issues and Policy Initiatives ADB in India: Building on Experience Part B: Gender Mainstreaming in ADB Sectors [ Key issues; GOI Policies and Programs; ADB Experience; Challenges and Opportunities] Appendix: Data Tables on Selected Indicators for India and States

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Sectors

PRIORITY ACTIONS INDIA CPS 2013-2017

Actions
Engage with selected partners (state/municipal levels) with potential and interest to involve and benefit women, build their capacity for gender equity initiatives Increase gender mainstreaming in tools and processes for urban planning Identify opportunities to strengthen tenancy/ownership rights of poor women as part of community development/resettlement Identify ways that ADB can contribute to safer cities for women Continued attention to mitigation measures related to sexually transmitted infections, human trafficking in major port, rail, and highway construction projects Increase attention to urban womens transport concerns, esp. safety while waiting for/using public transport services and affordability of mass transit for access to employment and services Increased attention to energy needs and to womens contribution to energy efficiency as consumers and entrepreneurs Drawing lessons from innovative efforts to strengthen womens energy entrepreneurship Increase knowledge of womens and mens energy needs and preference, access to energy Increased access by women to water for household, livestock, and other uses; broader participation of women in water resource management (whether or not they are land title holders) Ensuring that disaster risk-reduction/climate change adaptation measures take account of womens interests Equitable access to employment in construction, maintenance and agro-enterprise

Urban Development

Transport

Energy

Agriculture and Water Resource Management

Finance and Public Sector Management

Assess experience in financial intermediation for womens MSMEs, including capacity needs of intermediaries in serving women Identify opportunities to integrate a gender perspective into policy, fiscal, and regulatory reforms

III(b) Areas of collaboration with EAs/IAs

1st Area: Better Reporting of Gender Equality Results

Quarterly Project Progress Reports

Review Mission (Mid-Term Review Missions) Aide -Memoire New format developed to be attached to the Quarterly Progress Report GAP Implementation Format

Project Completion Report (PCR)

New Format finalized for greater visibility of gender-related design features and achievement of GAPrelated targets 70% ADB completed operations deliver intended GE results

Additional Areas of Cooperation

2nd Area: Gender-related Lateral Learning EAs/IAs

3rd Area: Documenting Gender Equality Results

4th Area: Convergence of Efforts with MWCD/NMEW

5th Area: Convergence of Efforts with other sector agencies

4th Area:

4th Area of Cooperation

Swadhar Greh A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances launched by the Department of Women and Child Development in 2001 aims at providing shelter, food, clothing, counseling, trainings, clinical and legal aid aims to rehabilitate such women in difficult circumstance. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) or the National Credit Fund for Women RMK extends micro-credit to the women in the informal sector through a client friendly, without collateral and in a hassle-free manner for income generation activities

5th Area of Cooperation

MOUD National Urban Livelihoods Mission will mobilize the poor into self-help groups and federations, with associated credit and other support initiatives, and provide skill training for wage employment and self-employment MORD Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 provides for participation of women in employment and mandates employment of at least 33% women. National Rural Livelihoods Mission, 2011 (Ajeevika) provides special safeguards to vulnerable sections, by way of reserving 40% benefits for women