204

Inf!ucncc nf Dnracmnn nn Bang!adcshI ChI!drcn:

A CDA pcrspcctIvc
NUJHAT NUARI I5LAM&TUHINBI5WA5
Abstract
Cailoon seiies aie lasicaIIy foi lhe chiIdiens enleilainnenl. Sonelines nol
onIy lhe chiIdien lul aIso lhe aduIls enjoy cailoon seiies. Accoiding lo Wai-
ning (2OO2), Doiaenon is nov a popuIai cuIluie in }apan. Il is so nuch
popuIai lhal Disney channeI is leIecasling lhis seiies in Hindi Ianguage. This
papei is a ciilicaI discouise anaIysis of hov a }apanese anine of Hindi
Ianguage is enledding Hindi Ianguage inlo lhe angIadeshi chiIdien of age 3
lo 8 yeais. This papei discusses lhe ieasons foi lhe exeicise of Hindi Ianguage
ly lhe angIadeshi chiIdien and lhe use of Hindi Ianguage inslead of LngIish
aflei valching Doiaenon. These IillIe chiIdien aie using Hindi voids vilh
angIa Ianguage. This soil of use of Hindi Ianguage is acluaIIy a vay of
doninaling angIa Ianguage, and a ieason foi Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn. This
papei aIso discusses hov Doiaenon has cuIluiaI effecls in angIadesh. Ioi
dala coIIeclion, 5OO chiIdien and 1OO faniIies veie inleivieved fion lhe uilan
aiea of angIadesh. TheoielicaI fianevoik is done on Saussuies Seniolics
lheoiy, and IhiIIipsons (1992) Ianguage and cuIluiaI inpeiiaIisn lheoiy. Iion
lhis dala, il is found oul lhal lhe chiIdien of angIadesh aie using Hindi
Language noslIy. They piefei lo laIk in Hindi lhan LngIish Ianguage. Iaienls
aie facing sociaI piolIens aIso.
1.0 IntrnductInn
Il has leen yeais lhal inpeiiaIisn in Ianguage has leen olseived in Asia
especiaIIy in Indian sul conlinenl vheie lheie aie appioxinaleIy seveiaI
hundieds of Ianguages lhal have leen viclinized eilhei sociaIIy oi
cuIluiaIIy (Sinpson, 2OO7). Il is said lhal in eveiy one kiIonelei Ianguage is
changing, and il can le noliced lhal in geneialion aflei geneialion Ianguage
ilseIf has leen changing as il is lhe naluie of Ianguage. Language luins lo a
205
nev dinension ly lhe inposilion of a cuIluiaIIy as veII as sociaIIy noie
poveifuI Ianguage lhan lhe olhei and lhal is naned as Iinguislic
inpeiiaIisn (ioid.). Sinpson (2OO7) said lhal ly lhe lein Iinguislic
inpeiiaIisn lheie have leen so nany adveise effecls lo a pailicuIai
Ianguage and vilh lhe fIov of line one Ianguage has leen viclinized. Lven
il nay happen lhal vilh lhe sliong inposilion of a poveifuI Ianguage,
anolhei Ianguage can Iose ils exislence. Inslances aie nany and angIa
Ianguage is one of lhe sliiking viclins of Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn. Il has Iong
leen noliced lhal Hindi Ianguage pIays a vilaI doninance lo lhe lasic
giound of angIa Ianguage noie specificaIIy lo lhe ludding kids of
angIadesh vho aie gelling oiienled vilh so nany Hindi voids veiy easiIy
lhiough cailoons, oIIyvood songs, daiIy soap and so on aiied ly diffeienl
Indian saleIIile channeIs. As a iesuIl IillIe kids aie adopling nol onIy lhe
Hindi Ianguage lul aIso lheii liadilion, cuIluie, cieed elc (ioid.). Hindi
Ianguage is nol onIy having infIuence ovei angIa Ianguage lul aIso has ils
siniIai doninance ovei lhe Ianguages of Iakislan, SiiIanka, NepaI, hulan,
and speciaIIy lhe Indian sul-conlinenl counliies (ioid.).
Dcracncn is a popuIai }apanese cailoon seiies al piesenl. Al fiisl il vas
pulIished as nanga oi conic seiies in }apan, and lhen il is adapled inlo
anine. Accoiding lo iennei (2OO7), conic seiies is knovn as 'nanga in
}apan, and cailoon seiies is caIIed 'anine. Il is nov lioadcasled in Indian
Disney ChanneI and Hungana TV channeI in Asian zone. As lolh of lhese
channeIs dulled Dcracncn in Hindi Ianguage, angIadeshi chiIdien aie
lound lo valch lhis cailoon seiies in Hindi Language. This papei Iooks al
lhe effecls of Dcracncn on angIadeshi chiIdien and hov lhese chiIdien aie
leing infIuenced ly lhis cailoon seiies sociaIIy, cuIluiaIIy, and
IinguislicaIIy. ChiIdien of 3 lo 8 yeais oId usuaIIy acquiie Ianguage and
Ieain Ianguage fion lheii faniIy, fiiends, educalionaI inslilule, and olhei
enviionnenls. In lhis eia, saleIIile channeIs, hone lhealei, CD/DVD, and
lhese lypes of souices infIuence a chiId sociaIIy, cuIluiaIIy, and in so nany
olhei vays. This is a piolIen enledded in oui voiId of Iileialuie vhich
inpedes lhe deveIopnenl of lhe chiIdien. Dcracncn is a popuIai anine
anong angIadeshi chiIdien. Nol onIy angIadeshi chiIdien, lul aIso
206
aduIls aie valching lhis shov on TV. This papei focuses on anaIyzing
discouise ciilicaIIy in leins of discouise, ideoIogy, and povei. This lexl is
appiopiiale foi ciilicaI discouise anaIysis (CDA) lecause Doiaenon is
infIuencing lhe chiIdien lhiough saleIIile channeIs, nedia, and olhei souice
of connunicalion and consunplion. Accoiding lo Haque (2OO8), CDA is
aIvays conceined aloul sociaI issues enledded in sociely and liy lo
anaIyze lhe hidden povei in il (p. 11). Doiaenon has lhe povei lo
nanipuIale chiIdiens piocess of acquiiing and Ieaining lheii nolhei
longue. We aie nol discouiaging eveiyone fion valching Doiaenon,
ialhei ve aie shoving lhal Hindi Ianguage is gelling nixed vilh angIa
Ianguage vhich is a sign of doninaling angIa Ianguage.
2.0 MatcrIa!s and Mcthnds
IhiIIipson (1992) nenlioned aloul CaIlungs (2OO6) lheoiy of sliucluiaI
inpeiiaIisn in his |inguis|ic |npcria|isn. Accoiding lo CaIlungs (2OO6)
lheoiy, inpeiiaIisn lheoiy suggesls six inleiIocking lypes of inpeiiaIisn:
econonic, poIilicaI, and connunicalive (connunicalion and lianspoil),
cuIluiaI, and sociaI.
IhiIIipson (1992) suggesled lheie aie inpeiiaIisn Iike iaciaI inpeiiaIisn,
and ideoIogicaI inpeiiaIisn. He aIso said lhal Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn is a
sul-lype of Iinguicisn. Linguicisn is defined as ideoIogies, sliucluies, and
piaclices vhich aie used lo Iegilinale, effecluale, and iepioduce an
unequaI division of povei and iesouices (lolh naleiiaI and innaleiiaI)
lelveen gioups vhich aie defined on lhe lasis of Ianguage (p. 47).
Linguicisn nay voik vilh sexisn, iacisn, and cIassisn sinuIlaneousIy,
lul ils piioiily is ieIaled lo Ianguage and ils ideoIogies (ioid.). Accoiding lo
aikei and CaIansinski (2OO1), Ianguage is a coie case of cuIluiaI sludies
lhal Ianguage does nol niiioi and independenl oljecl voiId lul consliucls
and conslilules il (p. 12). IaiicIough (1989) discussed lhe Ianguage use and
foi doing lhal he disagieed vilh Saussuies (1915) 'Iangue and 'paioIe. In
Saussuies (1915) lheoiy, he desciiled 'Iangue as a syslen oi code vhich is
used ly eveiy peison in connunily, vheieas, he said 'paioIe is said oi
207
viillen void lhal is ulleiIy depended on a peisons choice nol a sociaI
choice (In aIIy, Sechehaye, & RiedIingei, 1915). IaiicIough (1989) said lhal
Ianguage vaiies accoiding lo lhe sociaI idenlilies, ideoIogies. Thus,
Saussuies (1915) individuaIislic idea of 'paioIe is unacceplalIe (ioid.).
IaiicIough (1989) desciiled Ianguage as a foin of sociaI piaclice. As lhis
papei is going lo focus on lhe doninaling naluie of Hindi Ianguage ovei
angIa Ianguage in angIadesh, IaiicIoughs (1989) and IhiIIipsons (1992)
lheoiy of Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn is leing used heie.
angIa Ianguage and engaIi cuIluie lolh aie in aIaining silualion. This
papei invesligales hov Hindi Ianguage is doninaling angIa Ianguage,
and angIadeshi chiIdien aie acquiiing and Ieaining Hindi Ianguage veiy
easiIy. IhiIIiopson (1992), IaiicIough (1989), and Saussuie (1915) have
laIked aloul Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn seveiaI lines. They veie inlended lo
deIineale hov LngIish Ianguage is doninaling olhei Ianguages. efoie lhe
ieasons foi doninalion of Hindi Language ovei angIa Ianguage is
discussed, lhe oiigin of lhese lvo Ianguages shouId le discussed al fiisl.
Accoiding lo Sen (1911), angIa Ianguage is oiiginaled fion Couda Iiakiil.
Thal line Couda Iiakiil vas knovn as lhe Ianguage of eviI. Kiisna Iandil
naned lhis Ianguage, and accoiding lo hin,
d and + change inlo and A, and is pronounced as * in this Iorm oI
Prakrita (ibid.).
Aflei lhe ievivaI of Hinduisn, angIa Ianguage Iosl ils piide and
Sanskiil Ianguage vas used ly lhe Sanskiil schoIais (ioid.). Sen (1911) aIso
said lhal duiing lhe ieign of lhe MughaIs, nany Aialic and Ieisian voids
nixed vilh angIa Ianguage. Hindu schoIais slailed lo sanskiilise angIa
Ianguage. Sen said, Vaisnava Iileialuie lioughl nany Hindi voids inlo
engaIi (p. 386). Nol onIy lhe Ianguage, lhe engaIi peopIe slailed lo
foIIov lhe coslunes of lhe Hinduslani peopIe (ioid.). Thus, il can le said
lhal as Hindi Ianguage vas nixed vilh angIa Ianguage, nosl of lhe
engaIi peopIe can speak oi undeisland Hindi Ianguage vilhoul any effoil.
Doiaenon is doing lhe sane lhing lo angIadeshi peopIe. Hindi Ianguage
208
is nol onIy ovei-poveiing angIa Ianguage lul il is aIso doninaling Uidu
Ianguage. Accoiding lo AniilavaIIi and }ayaseeIan (2OO7), Hindi and Uidu
Ianguage shaie connon foins of giannai. Thus, vhen lhe speakei of
Uidu Ianguage speaks infoinaIIy lhe dislinguished fealuie of Uidu
Ianguage lends lo disappeai fion lhe Ianguage. They aIso said lhal lhis
slandaid foin of Ianguage is used ly lhe oIIyvood fiIns, and appiecialed
ly lhe speakeis of lolh Hindi and Uidu Ianguage (ioid.). In NepaI, Hindi
Ianguage has lecone an aIaining issue. C iepoiled in 2OO8 lhal sone
NepaIese aie liying lo nake Hindi lheii nalionaI Ianguage. This pioves lhal
Hindi has a gieal infIuence on Indian sul-conlinenl peopIe. So lo say
Iinguislic inpeiiaIisn is suiiounded ly socio-cuIluiaI doninance ovei a
Ianguage and one can inagine lhis change in yeais. In leins of iegionaIisn
one Ianguage can easiIy le affecled ly lhe enfoicenenl of a neighloiing
Ianguage lhal has a vasl dinension of socio cuIluiaI enlily and lhus lhe
affecled Ianguage can le in pienonilion slale. Indian Hindi Ianguage is one
of lhe sliiking Ianguages lhal (Hindi Ianguage) has Iong lecone a lhieal foi
lhe neighloiing Ianguage Iike angIa. Il is lecause lhe nev geneialion
especiaIIy chiIdien aie acquiiing lhe skiII of Ieaining Hindi. As fai as Indian
conslilulion decIaies, Hindi shouId le given inpoilance lo diveisify ils
cuIluie, cieed and hisloiy. Accoiding lo AilicIe 351 of Indian conslilulion
(2OO7):
Il shaII le lhe duly of lhe Union lo pionole lhe spiead of lhe Hindi
Ianguage, lo deveIop il so lhal il nay seive as a nediun of expiession
foi aII lhe eIenenls of lhe conposile cuIluie of India and lo secuie ils
eniichnenl ly assiniIaling vilhoul inleifeiing vilh ils genius, lhe
foins, slyIe and expiessions used in Hinduslani and in lhe olhei
Ianguages of India specified in lhe Lighlh ScheduIe, and ly diaving,
vheievei necessaiy oi desiialIe, foi ils vocaluIaiy, piinaiiIy on
Sanskiil and secondaiiIy on olhei Ianguages. (p. 216-217)
4.0 FIndIngs and DIscussInn
ChiIdien Ieain anylhing veiy easiIy vhen lhey aie of 3 lo 8 yeais oId.
Aflei lheii liilh, lhe fiisl educalionaI inslilule foi lhen is lheii faniIy. They
209
liy lo inilale lheii paienls and olhei ieIalives. SpeciaIIy, lhey acquiie
Ianguage al lhis veiy snaII age. If lhey slail lo heai Hindi Ianguage al lhis
age, lhey easiIy can acquiie Hindi Ianguage. As Di. Sen (1911) nenlioned
lhal Hindi Ianguage is aIieady nixed in angIa Ianguage, il is oui concein
lhal Hindi Ianguage shouId nol le used ly lhe chiIdien oi aduIl as
eveiyday Ianguage.
5OO chiIdien vho aie of 5 lo 8 yeais oId veie asked aloul lheii
connenls aloul Doiaenon. They veie inleivieved in lheii cIassioons in
an infoinaI vay. olh open and cIose ended queslions veie asked. They
veie asked vhy lhey Iike Doiaenon. 495 chiIdien oul of 5OO chiIdien (lhal
is, 99) said lhal lhey Iike Doiaenon lecause he heIps Nolila. Doiaenon
has gadgels. Thus he can heIp Nolila al any line. Il nay le aIaining lhal
chiIdien nighl lecone dependenl on olhei souices aflei valching lhis
cailoon seiies. To find oul lhe effecl of Dcracncn on chiIdien, lhe
ieseaicheis venl lo 2 angIa nediun, 2 LngIish nediun schooIs. The
chiIdien of cIass I and II veie inleivieved. They veie asked lo say sone
Hindi diaIogues fion lhe cailoon seiies. They veie eagei lo say anylhing
ieIaled lo Doiaenon. In a cIass of 25 sludenls, 2O sludenls can sing lhe lilIe
song of Doiaenon. 466 sludenls oul of 5OO (lhal is, 93.2) can speak Hindi
fIuenlIy lhan LngIish. Thus, il can le said lhal angIadeshi chiIdien aie
acquiiing Hindi easiIy, foi inslance, vhen a sludenl of slandaid lvo naned
Iiiyanka vas asked vhich piogianne vas hei favoiile, she ansveied
vilhoul any hesilalion, Dcracncn. She added lhal she Ioved Hindi Ianguage
lecause of lhal cailoon. Senlences Iike Mujhe ye de do Nolila, nahin lun
ye nahin de sakhli Nolila veie hei favoiile Iines. Aaiia, anolhei giade 2
sludenl of Soulh Ioinl SchooI fion Dhaka, gave siniIai iesponses lo lhe
sane queslion and hei lesl Iines veie appended:
Mon nujhe dinnei chahiye. (Tians. Mon, I vanl dinnei.)
kaise ho` Hun acchhe hain. (Tians. Hov aie you` I an fine.)
We asked 45 aduIls of oui counliy lo say sone diaIogues fion lhe
cailoon seiies Doiaenon. They veie noslIy lhe paienls oi ieIalives of lhose
5OO inleivieved chiIdien. Il is suipiising lhal 42 paienls oul of 45 (anong
210
lhen 35 veie lhe leacheis of Soulh Ioinl SchooI), lhal is 93, knov lhe
diaIogues fion Doiaenon, lhough lhey aie nol a ieguIai audience of lhis
cailoon seiies (TalIe 1).
Respondenls Hindi DiaIogues fion
Doiaenon
angIa TiansIalion
R1 Munny nujhe nahin
chhoiegi.
Xl Xl(* l(d Al1
R2 Doiaenon, neii nadal kaio. T(dXA, Xl(* Al
R3 Nolila: Meie saalh hi hanesha
aisa keu hola hain`

`
R4 Zian: Nolila lunhaii ilni
hinnal` Ye Io, ye Io, ye lhi Io.
,
` , ,

R5 Nolila: Mujhe aaj lhi ilna saia

honevoik niIa.


R6 }ians connon song: Main
hoon }ian, nain hoon salse
lakadvai,/Meii avaz lohu
suieeIi, /Log sun Ie ho jaye
nadh-hosh.
- ,
, /
, /

R7 Doiaenon kuchh kaio.
Hunein }ian se lachao.
,

R8 Nolila: Ihii se naa ki Iecluie
suiu ho gayee.
-

R9 }iyan: hee hee he! Tunhaiey
pichhe kya hain` Mujhhee
!
211
doo! ohhh Nev Conic` Yeh
neii pass iahega. Tunhe nehi
dunga. Haa Haa Haa!
` `

!
R1O Doiaenon: Nolilaaaa, lun
kalhiiii nehi sudhiogey`
,
`
R11 Nolilas non: Nolilaaa,
lunhe fiise lesl nein zeio
niIa`
,
`
R12 Doiaenn lun kaha ho` Meii
nadal kaio.
`

R13 }iyan: Nolila, kya lun hanaii
salh laselaII kheIoge`
,
`
Nolila: nehi, nujhe Sujuka ki
ghai jana hain.
,

}iyan: kyaaa` lunhaii hinnal
kaise huya nujhe na kehne ki?
`
`
Soniyo: }iyan, nujhe lo Iagla
hain ki Nolila ajkaI kuch
jeyada snail lanne ki koshish
kai iaha hain.
,


TalIe 1: Sone Doiaenon diaIogues vilh angIa TiansIalion
If ve olseive lhis lalIe 1 caiefuIIy, ve viII see lhal lheie aie sone voids
vhich aie siniIai lo angIa voids. Theiefoie, il is veiy easy foi lhe chiIdien
as veII as olheis lo Ieain and undeisland lhe Ianguage veiy easiIy. Nol onIy
Doiaenon lul aIso olhei Hindi Ianguage cailoons have inpacl on
212
angIadeshi chiIdien. RecenlIy, Haloii is one of lhe popuIai cailoons
vhich is lioadcasled on ChanneI Nick. This cailoon is aIso infIuencing lhe
chiIdien lo Ieain Hindi Ianguage.
Iaienls veie gol annoyed vhen ve asked lhen aloul Doiaenon. They
loId us lhal lheii chiIdien do nol pIay oulside lecause lhey vanl lo valch
Doiaenon. Nol onIy lhal, lhe paienls aIso conpIained lhal lheii chiIdien
aie Ieaining Hindi Ianguage veiy easiIy ly valching lhese soils of cailoon
seiies. Mis. Runana Aklei, leachei al Soulh Ioinl SchooI and CoIIege, said
lhal his son vas nixing Hindi voids vilh angIa. Ioi exanpIe, hei son is
saying, ` (Molhei, vhal aie you lhinking`),
, (Molhei, leII ne sonelhing). Mosl of lhe paienls said lhal
lheii loys and giiIs veie using Hindi voids in each and eveiy senlence
nov-a-days.
Iaienls usuaIIy olseive lheii chiIdien lhe vhoIe day. They have noliced
a huge change in lheii chiIdiens Ianguage, and expiession. Sonelines lheii
chiIdien vanl soneone Iike Doiaenon vho viII do aII lheii voik.
Doiaenon is acluaIIy naking lhe chiIdien dependenl on olhei peopIe, lhal
peopIe nighl le lheii paienls, guaidian, oi soneone eIse. RecenlIy,
angIadeshi lusinessnen aie seIIing Doiaenon doIIs, slalioneiies,
neichandizing pioducls. ChiIdien aie luying lhese pioducls. The aduIls
aie veiy conscious aloul lhis piesenl slale of lheii chiIdien. Language is a
nediun lo expiess oui lhoughl in voids. Hovevei, lhis nediun is nov
gelling poIIuled. Hindi Ianguage is nol fuIIy Hindi. They aie using LngIish
voids aIso. When lhis soil of Ianguage is ulleied ly lhe angIa speakei,
angIa Ianguage lecones a nixed Ianguage. We aIieady knov lhal nany
foieign voids fion LngIish, Aialic, Hindi, Ieisian, and Iiench Ianguage
have eniiched oui Ianguage. Lveiyday nev voids aie gelling incIuded in
angIa Ianguage. Hindi voids aie nol onIy enleiing in angIa Ianguage,
lul aIso il can le found in NepaIese, Iakislani, and SinhaIese Ianguage. In
lhis vay, Hindi Ianguage nay lecone a Iingua Iianca in Indian sul-
conlinenl. Khan (2O1O) nenlioned lhal angIadeshi channeIs aie nol
lioadcasled in India, lul angIadesh goveinnenl is paying IocaI agenls
213
2OOO cioie laka as lax foi calIe channeIs. This is a doninaling naluie of
Indian nedia. angIadeshi goveinnenl is nol doing anylhing iegaiding
lhis issue. This nedia doninalion is Iinked vilh poIilicaI and econonicaI
issue of lolh lhe counliies, angIadesh and India. Indian TV channeIs aie
veiy nuch laIenled in dulling and lioadcasling olhei pioducls, such as,
adveilisenenls, TV seiies, fiIns, and aii lhen in lheii ovn slyIe. Doiaenon
is a }apanese Cailoon, hovevei, Indian TV channeIs Iike Disney and
Hungana dulled lhis cailoon and aiied il in lheii channeIs. angIadeshi
TV channeIs do nol vish lo invesl in cailoon channeIs. Iuilheinoie, lhey
say lhal angIadesh can nol affoid lhe cosl of pioducing 3D cailoon seiies
oi dulling lhen. If Indian TV channeI can lioadcasl Doiaenon in Hindi
Ianguage, angIadeshi inveslois shouId invesl in lhis aninalion secloi aIso.
Thus, lhe Ianguage viII nol le nixed vilh Hindi. angIadeshi cailoon
conpanies nay dul Doiaenon and leIecasl il lhiough angIa channeIs. Il
is aIieady nenlioned lhal in India, angIadeshi channeIs aie nol
lioadcasled. Theiefoie, angIadeshi goveinnenl shouId lan Indian
channeIs vhich aie lioadcasled in angIadesh. Iaienls have lo le
conceined aloul lhe fuluie of lheii ovn chiIdien. They shouId slop
valching Hindi diana seiiaIs in fionl of lheii chiIdien. angIadesh
TeIeconnunicalion ReguIaloiy Connission (TRC) can conlioI lhe
saleIIile channeIs veiy easiIy. TRC shouId lan lioadcasling of Hindi
cailoon channeIs.
5.0 Cnnc!usInn
angIa is lhe nolhei longue of angIadesh. We have gieal nailyis vho
Iosl lheii Iives in lhe Language Movenenl of 1952. Theii saciifice vas
gIoiified in 1999 vhen 21
sl
Ieliuaiy decIaied as lhe InleinalionaI Molhei
Language Day. This is a nallei of oui piide. We shouId nol give Indian
nedia any chance lo deslioy oui nolhei longue. We shouId lake caie of
oui Ianguage. Oui geneialion nusl knov lhe coiiecl hisloiy of oui
Ianguage and Iileialion novenenl. Oui schoIais, educalois, and olhei
conceined peopIe aie lhinking aloul lhis inpeiiaIislic allilude of Hindi
Ianguage. Hovevei, goveinnenl nusl lake sone sleps iegaiding lhis issue.
214
This papei viII enalIe peopIe lo knov lhe iecenl silualion of angIa
Ianguage. Nev liends, fashions, and cuIluie of olheis shouId le
appiecialed, lul hanpeiing angIadeshi Ianguage and cuIluie viII nol le
accepled al any cosl.
215
Rcfcrcncc
AniilavaIIi, R. & }ayaseeIan, K. A. (2OO7). In Sinpson, A. (ed.). |anguagc and
Na|icna| |dcn|i|q in Asia. India. Nev Yoik: Oxfoid Univeisily Iiess.
aIIy, C., Sechehaye, A. & RiedIingei, A. (Lds.) (1915). Ccursc in Gcncra| |inguis|ics.
Nev Yoik: McCiav HiII-ook Conpany:.
aikei, C. & CaIasinski, D. (2OO1). Cu||ura| S|udics and Disccursc Ana|qsis. Nev
DeIhi: SACL IulIicalions.
C Nevs. (2OO8). NepaI Language Iiolesl Inlensify. Reliieved O2 Ieliuaiy 2O12
fion hllp://nevs.llc.co.uk/2/hi/soulh_asia/7528454.sln.
iennei, R. L. (2OO7). Undcrs|anding Manga and Aninc. London: Liliaiies UnIiniled.
Ccns|i|u|icn cf |ndia. Reliieved O2 Ieliuaiy 2O12 fion
hllp://Iavnin.nic.in/coi/coiason29juIyO8.pdf
IaiicIough, N. (1989). |anguagc and Pcucr. Nev Yoik: Longnan.
CaIlung, }. (2OO6). A sliucluiaI lheoiy of inpeiiaIisn. ]curna| cf Pcacc Rcscarcn, 8(2),
81-117.
Haque, M. S. (2OO8). CiilicaI discouise anaIysis. |as| lcs| Unitcrsi|q ]curna|, 2, 1O9-
123.
Khan, M. (2O1O, }anuaiy 19). Teen Tvisl. |ifc S|q|c. voI. 5 (3). pp. cenliefoId,
Reliieved Oclolei 8, 2O1O, fion
hllp://vvv.lhedaiIyslai.nel/IifeslyIe/2O1O/O1/O3/cenlie.hln
IhiIIipson, R. (1992). |inguis|ic |npcria|isn. Nev Yoik: Oxfoid Univeisily Iiess.
Sen, D. C. (1911). His|crq cf 8cnga|i |anguagc and |i|cra|urc. CaIculla: Univeisily of
CaIculla Iiess.
Sinpson, A. (2OO7). Language and NalionaI Idenlily in Asia: a Thenalic
Inlioduclion. |anguagc and Na|icna| |dcn|i|q in Asia. In Sinpson, A. (ed.). Nev
Yoik: Oxfoid Univeisily Iiess.
Wai-ning, Ng. (2OO2). The Inpacl of }apanese Conics and Aninalion in Asia.
]curna| cf ]apancsc Tradc c |ndus|rq. }apan: SANRIO Co Lld.
216
AppcndIx A
IntcrvIcw QucstInns fnr ChI!drcn
5OO chiIdien veie asked lhese foIIoving queslions.
1. Which cailoon do you valch eveiy day`
2. Why do you Iike lhal cailoon`
3. Do you valch lolh Hindi and LngIish cailoons`
4. Which one is youi favoiile cailoon channeI`
5. Can you say sone diaIogues fion youi favoiile cailoon`
6. Do you Iike lo speak Hindi Ianguage`
7. Which Ianguage is easiei lo undeisland: Hindi oi LngIish`
8. Which Ianguage is easiei lo speak: Hindi oi LngIish`
9. Which pioducls have you loughl aflei valching lhe cailoon`
1O. Do you vish lo have soneone Iike Doiaenon lo heIp you in eveiy voik`
Answcrs:
1. Doiaenon, Haloii, en1O, Thakunai }huIi.
2. Il is fun lo valch cailoons.
3. MoslIy Hindi, sonelines LngIish.
4. 434 oul of 5OO sludenls ansveied Disney ChanneI, 45 ansveied Cailoon
Nelvoik, and 22 sludenls piefeiied Nick.
5. Mujhe ye de do Nolila, nahin lun ye nahin de sakhli Nolila
6. Yes. We can speak Hindi fIuenlIy.
7. Hindi.
8. Hindi.
9. DoII, eiasei, penciI, lag, valei-pol elc.
1O. Yes. I vish I had a Doiaenon vho viII do ny honevoik foi ne.
217
AppcndIx B
IntcrvIcw QucstInns fnr Parcnts
45 aduIls veie asked lhe foIIoving queslions.
1. Hov nany chiIdien of 5 lo 8 yeais age gioup do you have in youi house`
2. Whal lype of TV piogiannes do youi chiIdien usuaIIy valch`
3. Whal aie lhe changes you olseived anong youi chiIdien aflei lhey valch
Doiaenon`
4. Whal aie lhe advanlages you have found oul of Doiaenon cailoon`
5. Which Ianguage aie youi chiIdien using al hone vilh angIa Ianguage`
Answcrs:
1. 35 paienls oul of 45 said lhey have al Ieasl one chiId of 5 lo 8 yeais oId.
2. They valch Doiaenon eveiyday. We can nol valch anylhing foi lhen.
3. They can speak Hindi veiy fIuenlIy. They use Hindi Ianguage vhiIe lhey
aie laIking vilh us. We have piohililed lhen lo speak Hindi Ianguage, lul
lhey do nol Iislen lo us. They do nol Iike lo go oulside foi pIaying, lecause
lhal line Doiaenon is aiied on TV. They do nol even vanl lo go lo a
fiiends house oi cousins house, lecause lhey do nol vanl lo niss any
episode of lhal cailoon.
4. Doiaenon does nol have any noiaI educalion. Oui chiIdien aie Ieaining
Hindi Ianguage. I have seen olhei chiIdien vho aie valching LngIish
cailoons, lhey can speak LngIish. These days, lhe chiIdien aie veiy fond of
Hindi Ianguage. They Iove lo see Hindi seiiaIs, Hindi songs, and Hindi
novies. They do nol Iike lo valch LngIish Ianguage piogiannes.
angIadeshi TV channeIs do nol have nany piogiannes foi lhe chiIdien
excepl Sisinpui. Hovevei, oui chiIdien do nol valch lhis piogianne.
5. Al piesenl, lhey aie nixing Hindi voids vilh angIa Ianguage. This is
veiy aIaining.