The main Kraka definitions and examples from the Ktantravykaraa

Apdnakraka yatopaiti bhayam datte v tad apdnam ||2.4.8|| yata | from which || apaiti | (something) moves away || bhayam | fear || datte | (someone) receives, takes || v | or || tat | that || apdnam |removal-point || That from which something moves away; fear comes; or someone receives something; that is the apdna. yasmd apaiti yasmd bhaya bhavati yasmd datte v tat krakam apdnasaja bhavati | yasmt | from which || apdna-sajam | named apdna || That 1.from which something moves away; 2.from which fear comes about or; 3.from which someone receives something; that is the kraka having the name apdna. vkt para patati | vkt | from the tree || param | the leaf || patati | falls || 1. The leaf falls from the tree. vyghrd bibheti | caurd vijate | vyghrt |of the tiger || bibheti | (someone) is afraid || caurt | from the thief ||vijate | (someone) recoils || 2. He is afraid of the tiger. He recoils from the thief. updhyyd adhte | updhyyd gamayati || updhyyt | from the preceptor || adhte |(someone) learns || gamayati |(someone) acquires knowledge || 3. He learns from the preceptor. He acquires knowledge from the preceptor.

Sampradnakraka yasmai dits rocate dhrayate v tat sapradnam ||2.4.10|| yasmai | that (to) whom || dits |wish to give || rocate | (something) is agreeable || dhrayate |(someone) takes care of ||v | or || tat | that || sapradnam | recipient || That, to whom there is a wish to give; to whom something is agreeable; or for whom someone takes care of something; is the recipient. yasmai datum icch yasmai rocate yasmai dhrayate v tat kraka sapradna-saja bhavati | yasmai | that (to) whom ||datum | to give || icch | wish || sapradna-sajam | named sapradna || That, 1. to whom there is a wish to give; 2. to whom something is agreeable or 3. for whom someone takes care of something; that is the kraka having the name of sapradna. brhmaya g dadti | brhmaya | to the Brahmin || gm | cow || dadti | (someone) gives || 1. He gives a cow to the Brahmin. devadattya rocate modaka |yajadattya svadate dadhi | devadattya | to Devadatta || rocate | is agreeable || modaka | the sweet called modaka || yajadattya | to Yajadatta || svadate | tastes delicious || dadhi | yoghurt || 2. The sweet called modaka is agreeable to Devadatta. Yoghurt tastes delicious to Yajadatta. (=Devadatta likes modaka; Yajadatta likes yoghurt). viumitrya g dhrayate | viumitrya | for Viumitra || gm | cow || dhrayate | (someone) takes care of || 3. He takes care of the cow for Viumitra.

Adhikaraakraka ya dhras tad adhikaraam ||2.4.11|| ya | that which || dhra |support, container || tat | that || adhikaraam | context || That, which is the container/support, is the context. dhriyante kriy yasminn ity dhra || dhriyante | are contained || kriy | actions || yasmin | within which || iti | thus || dhra | context || Actions are contained in it, that it is the context. dhro yas tat krakam adhikaraa-saja bhavati | dhra | support, container || ya | that which || tat | that || adhikaraa-sajam | named adhikaraa || That which is the container/support, that is the kraka having the name adhikaraa. kaa ste | kae | on the straw-mat || ste | (someone) sits || He sits on the straw-mat. tileu tailam | tileu | in the sesame-seeds || tailam | sesame-oil || There is sesame-oil in the sesame-seeds. divi dev | divi | in the sky || dev | the gods || Gods are in the sky.

Karaakraka yena kriyate tat karaam ||2.4.12|| yena | through which || kriyate | (something) is done || tat | that || karaam |instrument || That, through which something is done, is the instrument.

kartr yena kriyate tat kraka karaa-saja bhavati | kartr | by the agent || yena | that through which || kriyate | (something) is done || tat | that || karaa-sajam | having the name instrument || That, through which something is done by the agent, is the kraka having the name of karaa.

dtrea dhnya lunti | dtrea |with a sikle || dhnyam | coriander || lunti | (someone) reaps || He reaps coriander with a sickle. manas meru gacchati | manas |with the mind || merum | Meru (name of a mountain) || gacchati | (someone) reaches || He reaches Meru with his mind.

Karmakraka yat kriyate tat karma ||2.4.13 || yat | that which || kriyate | (something) is acted upon, made, created || tat | that || karma |object || That which is acted upon/made/created is the object. kartr yat kriyate tat kraka karma-saja bhavati | kartr |by the agent || karma-sajam | having the name object ||

That which is acted upon/made/created by the agent is the kraka having the name karma. kaa karoti | kaam | straw-mat || karoti | (someone) makes || He makes a straw-mat. odana pacati | odanam | rice || pacati | (someone) cooks || He cooks rice. ditya payati | dityam | sun || payati | (someone) sees || He sees the sun.

Kartkraka ya karoti sa kart ||2.4.14 || ya | the one who || karoti | (someone) acts || sa | that || kart |agent || The one who acts is the agent. ya kriy karoti sa kart-sajo bhavati | kriym | the action || kart-saja | having the name agent || The one who acts out the action has the name of kart. chtrea hanyate | chtrea | by the student || hanyate | striking is done || Striking is done by the student. caitrea ktam || caitrea |by Caitra | ktam | made || Made by Caitra.