Code No: R050212102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) A plate 0.05 mm distant from a fixed plate moves at 1.2 m/s and requires
a force of 2.2 N/ m2 to maintain this speed. Find the viscosity of the fluid
between the plates.
(b) Expalin how vacuum pressure can be measure with the help of a U-tube
manometer. [8+8]

2. A two-dimensional flow field is given by φ = 3xy, determine:

(a) The stream function

(b) The velocity at L(2,6) and M (6,6) and the pressure difference between the
points L and M.
(c) The discharge between the streamlines passing through the points L and M.
[16]

3. An open circuit wind tunnel draws air from the atmosphere through a well con-
toured nozzle. In the test section, where the flow is straight and nearly uniform,
a static pressure tap is drilled into the tunnel wall. A manometer connected to
the tap shows that the wall pressure within the tunnel is 45 mm of water be-
low atmospheric. Assume that air is incompressible and at 250 C, pressure is 100
Kpa(absolute). Calculate the velocity in the wind tunnel section. Density of water
is 999kg/m3 and characteristic gas constant for air is 287 J/Kg K. [16]

4. (a) Derive an expression for discharge as liquids through a rectangular notch.

(b) A 120mm × 60mm venturimeter with Cd = 0.98 is to be replaced by an orifice
meter having a value of Cd = 0.6, is both the meters are to give the same
differential mercury monometer reading for a discharge of 100 lit/sec and the
inlet diameter to remain 125 mm. what should be the diameter of orifice.[7+9]

5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the boundary layer characteristics when a fluid is
flowing over a flat plate.
(b) A thin flat plate 0.3 m wide and 0.6 m long is suspended and exposed parallel
to air flowing with a velocity of 3 m/sec. Calculate drag force on both sides
of the plate when the 0.3 m edge is oriented parallel to free stream. Consider
flow to be laminar and assume for air kinematic viscosity is 0.18 stokes and
density is 1.2 kg/m3 . [10+6]

6. (a) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for loss of head in a pipe.

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 1
(b) Two tanks are connected by a 300 mm diameter 1000 m long pipe. Find the
rate of flow if the difference of water level in the tank is 10 m. Take 4f = 0.04
and ignore minor losses. [10+6]

7. (a) What do you meant by viscous flow? Mention various forces to be considered
in Navier Stroke’s equation.
(b) Through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 100 mm and of length 10m,
an oil of dynamic 0.097 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing. Calculate
the difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 Kg. of the oil is
collected in a tank in 30 seconds. [10+6]

8. (a) Explain briefly about stagnation point?

(b) Avessel fitted with a nozzle, contains air at pressure of 2500KN/m2 and a
temperature of 200 C.If the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle is 1750 KN/m2
find the velocity of air flowing at the outlet of the nozzle. Take K=1.4 and
R=287 J/Kg K. [8+8]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Derive an expression for calculating time of rolling of floating body.

(b) Expalin why in liquids, the viscosity decreases when the temperature is in-
creased where as it increases in the case of gases. [8+8]

2. (a) In a fluid, the velocity field is given by

V=(3x+2y)i+(2z+3 x2 )j+(2t-3z)k
Determine:
i. The velocity components u,v,w at any point in the flow field
ii. The speed at point (1,1,1);
iii. The speed at time t = 2s at point (0,0,2).
Also classify the velocity field as steady, or unsteady, uniform or non-
uniform and one, two or three dimensional.
(b) Define convectional and local accelerations. [10+6]

3. A 600 reducing bend is connected in a pipeline, the diameters at the inlet and
outlet of the bend being 500mm and 250mm respectively. Find the force extended
by water on the bend if the intensity of pressure at inlet to bend is 9N/cm2 and
rate of flow of water is 500lit/sec. [16]

4. (a) Explain Weber model law?

(b) A 100 mm ×50 mm venturimeter with Cd =0 .97 is to be replaced by an
orifice meter having a value of Cd = 0.7 if both the meters are to give the
same differential mercury manometer reading for a discharge of 70 lit/s and
the inlet diameter to remain 100 mm what should be the diameter of orifice?
[7+9]

5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the boundary layer characteristics when a fluid is
flowing over a flat plate.
(b) A thin flat plate 0.3 m wide and 0.6 m long is suspended and exposed parallel
to air flowing with a velocity of 3 m/sec. Calculate drag force on both sides
of the plate when the 0.3 m edge is oriented parallel to free stream. Consider
flow to be laminar and assume for air kinematic viscosity is 0.18 stokes and
density is 1.2 kg/m3 . [10+6]

6. (a) How the loss of energy at the entrance to the pipe and exit from the pipe is
to be determined?

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 2
(b) A horizontal pipeline 50 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and
discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first 30 m of its
length from the tank, the pipe is 100 mm diameter and its diameter suddenly
enlarged to 200 mm. The height of the water level in the tank is 10 m above
the centre of the pipe. Determine the rate of flow. Take 4f = 0.04 for both
sections of the pipe and consider minor losses. [6+10]

7. (a) Define the terms Kinetic energy correction factor and momentum correction
factor.
(b) The Radial clearance between a hydraulic plunger and the cylinder wall is 0.1
mm, the length of the plunger is 300 mm and diameter 100 mm. Find the
velocity of leakage and rate of leakage past the plunger at an instant when the
difference of the pressure between the two ends of the plunger is 9m of water.
Take mu = 0.0127 Poise. [6+10]

8. (a) Obtain the expression for the sound wave in a compressible fluid in terms of
change of pressure and change of density.
(b) Air at 300 C at a pressure of 294.3 KN/m2 absolute flows into another reservoir
through an office 50 ×10−4 m2 in area. If the pressure in the reservoir is 147.15
N/m2 absolute, what is the discharge? Given R = 287.14 J/KgK, K = 1.4
and coefficient of discharge Cd = 0.65. [8+8]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Prove that the pressure is the same in all directions at a point in a static fluid.
(b) Expalin briefly the following terms: [8+8]
i. Mass density
ii. Weight density
iii. Specific volume
iv. Specific gravity.

2. (a) The diameter of a pipe at the sections 1-1 and 2-2 are 200 mm and 300 mm
respectively. If the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section 1-1 is
4 m/s, find;
i. Discharge through the pipe, and
ii. Velocity of water at section 2-2
(b) Define steady, non-steady, uniform and non-uniform flows. [8+8]

3. (a) Starting with Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline obtain Bernoulli’s
equation by its integration? List all the assumptions
(b) The water is flowing through a taper of 50m having diameters 40cm at the
upper end and 20cm at the lower end, at the rate of 60 Lit/sec. The pipe has
a slope of 1 in 40. Find the pressure at the lower end, if the presser at the
higher level is a 24.525 N/m2 . [7+9]

4. In a vertical pipe conveying oil of specific gravity 0.8 two pressure gauges, have been
installed at A & B where the diameters are 16cms and 8cms respectively. A is 2m
above B The pressure gauge reading have shown that the pressure at ‘B’ is greater
than at ‘A’ by 0.981 N/cm2 . Neglecting all lasses, calculate the flow rate. If the
gauges at A and B are replaced by tubes filled with the same liquid and connected
to a U-tube contains mercury, calculate the difference of level of mercury in the
two limbs of the U-tube. [16]

5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the boundary layer characteristics when a fluid is
flowing over a flat plate.
(b) A thin flat plate 0.3 m wide and 0.6 m long is suspended and exposed parallel
to air flowing with a velocity of 3 m/sec. Calculate drag force on both sides
of the plate when the 0.3 m edge is oriented parallel to free stream. Consider
flow to be laminar and assume for air kinematic viscosity is 0.18 stokes and
density is 1.2 kg/m3 . [10+6]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 3
6. Two reservoirs are connected by three cast iron pipes in series. The length and
diameter of the pipes are L1 = 600 m, D1 = 0.3 m, L2 = 900 m, D2 = 0.4 m,
L3 = 1500 m and D3 = 0.45 m respectively. Find out Reynolds number in each
of the pipes. The density and viscosity of water are 1000 kg/m3 and 1.1 ×10−3
N-sec/m2 . The friction factor in each pipe may be approximated as 0.02. The
loss due expansion at the junctions between pipe-1 and pipe-2 as well as between
pipe-2 and pipe-3 may be neglected. The discharge is 0.11 m3 /sec. Determine the
difference in elevation between the top surfaces of reservoirs. Include the entry loss
to pipe-1 and exit loss between pipe-3 and adjacent reservoir. [16]

7. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus?
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through
a 30cm diameter pipe .If the head losses in a 3000M length of a pipe is
20M.estimate the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]

8. (a) what is the relation between pressure and density of a compressible fluid for?
i. Isothermal process
ii. Adiabatic process.
(b) A gas is flowing through a horizontal pipe at a temperature of 40 C. The
diameter of the pipe is 8cm and at a section I in the pipe, the pressure is
30.3N/cm2 (gauge). The diameter of the pipe changes from 8cm to 4cm at the
section II, where pressure is 20.3N/cm2 (gauge). Find the velocities of the gas
at these sections assuming an isothermal process. Take R=287.14Nm/Kg.K
and atmosphere pressure=10N/ cm2 . [6+10]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity state its units.
(b) What is a Newtonian fluid?
(c) Define the term ‘pressure’.
(d) What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? [6+4+2+4]

2. (a) In a fluid, the velocity field is given by

V=(3x+2y)i+(2z+3 x2 )j+(2t-3z)k
Determine:
i. The velocity components u,v,w at any point in the flow field
ii. The speed at point (1,1,1);
iii. The speed at time t = 2s at point (0,0,2).
Also classify the velocity field as steady, or unsteady, uniform or non-
uniform and one, two or three dimensional.
(b) Define convectional and local accelerations. [10+6]
3. A 300mm diameter pipe carries water under a head of 20m with a velocity of 3.5m/s.
If the a axis of the pipe turn through 450 , find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force at the bend . [16]

4. (a) Explain the working of Viscometer?

(b) A venturimeter is used to measurement of discharge of water through a hori-
zontal pipe line. If the ratio of up stream pipe diameter to that of the throat
is 2:1, upstream diameter is 300mm. The difference in pressure between the
throat and upstream side is equal to 3mts head of water and loss of head
through meter is 1/8th of throat velocity head. Calculate the discharge in the
pipe. [7+9]

5. (a) For a fluid flowing over a flat plate, draw

i. Velocity distribution in the laminar and turbulent boundary layers
ii. Shear stress distribution for the boundary layer developing on either side
of the plate.
(b) A plate 4 m x 1.5 m is held in water moving at 1 m/sec parallel to its length.
If the flow in the boundary layer is laminar at the leading edge of the plate,
find [6+10]
i. the distance from leading edge where the boundary layer flow changes
from laminar to turbulent flow

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 4
ii. the thickness of boundary layer at this section, and
iii. the frictional drag on both sides of the plate.

6. (a) What do you mean by ‘pipes in series’ and ‘pipes in parallel’ ? How the loss
of head is to be determined?
(b) A pipeline 0.25 m in diameter and 1600 m long has a slope of 1 in 200 for the
first 800 m and 1 in 100 for the next 800m. The pressure at upper end of the
pipeline is 120 kN/m2 and at the lower end is 60 kN/m2 . Taking 4f = 0.04,
determine discharge through the pipe. [8+8]

7. (a) What do you meant by viscous flow? Mention various forces to be considered
in Navier Stroke’s equation.
(b) Through a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 100 mm and of length 10m,
an oil of dynamic 0.097 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing. Calculate
the difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 Kg. of the oil is
collected in a tank in 30 seconds. [10+6]

8. (a) Explain briefly the above normal shock in compressible flow.

(b) If in a compression shock wave P1 = 42. 13 KN/m2 , T1 =00 c and velocity V1
= 1000 m/s , determine the conditions just down stream of the shock wave.
[8+8]

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