Code No: RR210304 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain thermodynamic system, surroundings and universe, illustrate the same
with examples.
(b) Distinguish between closed system, open system and isolated system with
suitable examples. [8+8]

2. (a) 1.5kg of liquid having constant specific heat of 2.5kj/kg oC is stirred in a well
insulated chamber causing the temperature rise by 15o C find the change in
energy and work done for the process.
(b) One kg of gas at 25oC and occupying a volume of 2m3 is heated at constant
pressure to 200o C. Find heat added, work done and change in internal energy.
[8+8]

3. (a) Explain : heat engine and heat pump . Also show how a reversible heat engine
operates as a reversible refrigerator.
(b) The volume of one kg of air increases from 0.5m3 to 1.3m3 while its pressure
decreases from 1 MPa to 250 kPa. Then 420 kJ of heat were added to it
isothermally. Calculate the total entropy change for the system for the com-
bined processes. Assume for air Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K.
[8+8]

4. (a) Explain : “Available energy” and “Availability” and Irreversibility.

(b) Define Melmholtz and Gibbs free energy function. [9+7]

5. (a) Derive an expression for heat transfer in a non flow constant volume process.
(b) How much heat would be necessary to raise temperature of 1.5Kg of a gas
from 900 C to 2250 C, the volume remaining constant during the heat supply.
Specific heat of gas at constant volume may be taken as 0.71KJ/Kg K.
(c) The charge in a gas engine cylinder is compressed through a volume ratio of
5. Find the final pressure if the initial pressure is 0.9 bar absolute and the law
of compression is pv 1.29 = C. [6+4+6]

6. A 5m3 tank contains 60% H2 and 40% methane by volume at 100 KPa and 300 K
Determine the amount of methane to be added at 300 K to change the composition
to 50% methane by volume. Also determine the final pressure of the mixture in
the tank. [16]

7. (a) Compare the efficiency of the Otto the diesel and the dual cycle under the
conditions.

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 1
i. Equal compression ratio and heat input .
ii. Constant maximum pressure and heat input.
(b) In an air standard Otto, cycle the compression ratio is 10, the compression
begins at 400 C, 1 bar and the maximum temperature of the cycle is 10200 c.
Determine
i. The heat supplied per kg of air
ii. The work down per kg of air
iii. The maximum pressure of the cycle and
iv. The thermal efficiency. [8+8]

8. Steam is supplied, dry saturated at 40 bar to a steam turbine. The condenser

pressure is 0.035 bar. Calculate for the Ranking cycle for the following.

(a) The work output neglecting pump work.

(b) The feed pump work.
(c) The heat rejected by condenser and the amount of cooling water required
through the condenser if the temperature rise of the water is 5.50 C
(d) The heat supplied
(e) The Rankine efficiency. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Distinguish between closed and open systems by giving practical examples.
(b) A computer in a closed room of volume 200m3 dissipates energy at a rate of
10kW. The room has 50kg wood, 25kg steel and with all material at 3000k;
100kpa. Assume all the mass heats up uniformly, how long will it take to
increase the temperature 100 c. [8+8]

2. (a) State and explain the first law of thermodynamics for a cyclic process with
the help of Joules experiment.
(b) In a system 80 kJ of heat is supplied from state 1 to 2 by constant volume
process. The internal energy at state 1 is 90 kJ. The system rejects 95 kJ of
heat from state 2 to state 3 by constant pressure process and 30 kJ of work is
done on it. The system is brought back from state 3 to state 1 by a reversible
adiabatic process. Calculate the adiabatic work. [8+8]

3. (a) State and prove Clausius inequality.

(b) Explain the increase in entropy principle.
(c) A thermal energy source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at
i. 500 K and
ii. 750 K. Determine which heat transfer process is more irreversible.[6+4+6]

4. (a) Explain third law of Thermodynamics.

(b) A tank holds 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 400 C, and another tank holds 1 kg of air
at 200 kPa, 400 C. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa, 200 C. In which tank is the
stored energy is greater? Determine the availability of the air in each tank.
[6+10]

5. (a) Explain the principle of throttling process with a neat sketch.

(b) 0.2Kg of air at a temperature of 1650 C expands reversible at a constant
pressure of 7 bar until volume is doubled. Find the final temperature, work
done and heat transferred.
(c) An ideal gas at 300 C and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically from 5m3 to 1m3 .
Find the temperature, pressure and the work done. [6+6+4]

6. Two kg mole of Carbon di oxide at a pressure of 1.8 bar, 800 C is mixed in a

thermally insulated vessel with 3 kg-mole of Nitrogen is at equilibrium, Determine
the final temperature and pressure and the change in entropy of the mixture. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 2
7. During a test on a four stroke six cylinder engine having 11 cm bore and 16cm stroke
and working on the duel combustions cycle, the fuel consumption had been found to
be 0.18 Kg/min. the engine runs at 1600 rpm. The compression ratio is 10 and the
calorific value of The fuel is 44000kJ/Kg. At the beginning of the compression the
pressure is 0.95 bar and temperature is 450 C. The law of compression and expansion
is PV1.35 = constant. Assume that 2/3rd of heat released by the combustion of the
fuel is at constant volume and remaining 1/3rd at constant pressure. Calculate

(a) Heat supplied per cylinder charge and total.

(b) Pressure and temperature at each corner of the cycle.
(c) Cycle efficiency.
(d) Mean effective pressure. [16]

8. An ammonia ice plant operates between a condenser temperature of 350 C and an

evaporator temperature of -150 C. It producers 10 tons of ice per day from water at
300 C to ice at -50 C. Assume simple saturation cycle. Using only tables of properties
for ammonia, determine:

(a) The capacity of the refrigeration plant

(b) The mass flow rate of refrigerant
(c) The discharge temperature
(d) The compressor cylinder diameter and stroke if its volumetric efficiency is 0.65,
rpm = 1200 and stroke/bore ratio = 1.2,
(e) The horse power of the compressor motor if the adiabatic efficiency of the
compressor 0.85 and mechanical efficiency 0.95 and
(f) The theoretical and actual C.O.P. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Distinguish between closed and open systems by giving practical examples.
(b) A computer in a closed room of volume 200m3 dissipates energy at a rate of
10kW. The room has 50kg wood, 25kg steel and with all material at 3000k;
100kpa. Assume all the mass heats up uniformly, how long will it take to
increase the temperature 100 c. [8+8]

2. (a) Derive the governing equation for the adiabatic process.

(b) Explain joules experiment in detail. [10+6]

3. (a) State and prove Clausius inequality and hence deduce that the property en-
tropy exist.
(b) A cylinder contains 0.5m3 of a gas at 0.1 MPa and 900 C,. The gas is com-
pressed to a volume of 0.125m3 . The final pressure is 800 kPa. Determine
the heat transferred and the change in entropy of the gas during the process.
Assume R = 0.287 kJ/kgK and Cv = 0.713 kJ/kgK [8+8]

4. (a) Show that available energy decreases during heat transfer through finite tem-
perature difference.
(b) A mass of 6.98 kg of air is in a vessel at 200 kPa and 270 C . Heat is transferred
to the air from a reservoir at 7270 C until the temperature of the air rises to
3270 C. The environment is at 100kPa, 170 C . Determine
i. the initial and final availability of air and
ii. the maximum useful work associated with the process. Assume for air
Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg.K and R = 0.287kJ/kg.K. [8+8]

5. (a) List out the various non - flow processes when the First law of thermodynamics
is applied to closed system.
(b) Derive the relationship between the two principle specific heats and charac-
teristic gas constant for a perfect gas.
(c) Find the molecular weight and gas constant for the gas whose specific heats
are as follows:
Cp = 1.967KJ/KgK Cv = 1.507 KJ/KgK [6+4+6]

6. (a) Prove :specific humidity= 0.622 pv /(p-pv ) assuming air as an ideal gas of
molecular weight 28.966.

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 3
(b) A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is in the ratio of 2 to 1 by volume .determine
the mass of hydrogen required and volume of the container per kg of oxygen
if the temperature and pressure of the mixture are to be 100kPa and 300kPa
respectively. [6+10]

7. (a) What do you mean by air standard cycles? What are the assumptions for air
standard cycles.
(b) An air standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the start of the
compression process, the temperature is 260 C and the pressure is 1 bar. If the
maximum temperature of the cycle is 10800C calculate
i. The heat supplied per kg of air
ii. The network done per kg of air
iii. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. [6+10]

8. A refrigerant R-12 vapour compression system operating at a condenser tempera-

ture of 400 C and an evaporator temperature of -50 C develops 15 tons of refrigera-
tion. Using p-h chart for R-12, determine:

(a) The mass low rate of refrigerant circulated

(b) The theoretical piston displacement of compressor and piston displacement
per ton of refrigeration.
(c) The theoretical horsepower of the compressor and horsepower per ton of re-
frigeration.
(d) The heat rejected in the condenser and
(e) The car not C.O.P. and actual C.O.P. of the cycle. [16]

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMODYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Differentiate between Microscopic and Macroscopic point of view.

(b) Prove that the difference between specific heat at constant pressure and spe-
cific heat at constant volume is gas constant.
(c) Explain what do you mean by thermal equilibrium. [4+6+6]

2. Explain the physical significance of the various terms of the steady flow energy
equation & also explain how all the terms in that expression has the same units.
[16]

3. (a) State and prove Clausius inequality.

(b) Explain the increase in entropy principle.
(c) A thermal energy source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at
i. 500 K and
ii. 750 K. Determine which heat transfer process is more irreversible.[6+4+6]

4. (a) Explain third law of Thermodynamics.

(b) A tank holds 1 kg of air at 100 kPa, 400 C, and another tank holds 1 kg of air
at 200 kPa, 400 C. The atmosphere is at 100 kPa, 200 C. In which tank is the
stored energy is greater? Determine the availability of the air in each tank.
[6+10]

5. (a) Derive expression for change of internal energy and enthalpy during a process
with variable specific heat.
(b) An Otto cycle engine with a compression ratio of 10 uses a petroleum fuel of
Calorific value 48000KJ/Kg. The air fuel ratio is 15:1. The temperature and
pressure of the charge at the end of suction are 570 C and 1 bar respectively.
Determine the maximum pressure in the cycle with the mean index of com-
pression is expressed as :
Cv = 0.7117 + 2.1x10−4 KJ/Kg K, where T is the mean temperature. If the
value of cv remains constant at 0.7117kJ/Kg K, and also compression index
is unaltered, how will the maximum pressure be affected? [8+8]

6. (a) A gas mixture consists of 60% N2 and 40% CO2 by mole basis. Determine the
gravimetric analysis of the mixture analysis of the mixture.
(b) A tank of volume 2m3 containing O2 at 600Kpa and 300K is connected to
another tank of volume 3m containing CO2 at 150kPa and 290K .The gases

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Code No: RR210304 Set No. 4
mix adiabatic ally and come to an equilibrium state. Determine the final tem-
perature and pressure of the mixture and the entropy change for the system.
[8+8]

7. (a) Explain with the help of suitable graphs the variation of the efficiency of the
diesel cycle with compression ratio and cut-off ratio.
(b) In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15.Compression begins
at 0.1MPa, 400 c. the heat added is 1.675 MJ/Kg. Find
i. The maximum temperature of the cycle.
ii. The work down per Kg of air.
iii. The cycle efficiency.
iv. The temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion.
v. The cut-off ratio.
vi. The mean effective pressure of the cycle. [6+10]

8. A power plant operating on the Ranking cycle has steam entering the turbine at
37 bar and 4250 C. If the turbine output is equivalent to 10,000 Kw, determine the
efficiency of the cycle and the mass flow rate of steam for condenser pressure of

(a) 0.07 bar and

(b) 0.035 bar. [16]

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