Code No: RR212203 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define the following static characteristics with necessary examples and graphs:
i. Accuracy
ii. sensitivity
iii. static error
iv. Dead space
v. Drift. [10M]
(b) A voltage has a true value of 1.50 volts. An Analog indicating instrument
with a scale range of 0-2.50 volts shows a voltage of 1.46 volts. What are the
values of absolute error and correction. Express the error as a traction of the
true value and the full-scale deflection. [6M]

2. (a) Show that a wire wound resistance potentiometer can be used for measurement
of linear and angular displacements. Comment on its linearity and resolution
and the factors affecting these characteristics. [8M]
(b) Prove that potentiometer characteristics obey with zero order instruments
performance. [8M]

3. (a) Explain with relevant diagrams a capacitance level indicators. [8M]

(b) Describe briefly about diaphragm type capacitive transducer and mention its
advantages and disadvantages. [8M]

4. (a) Describe the principle of working of a bimetallic thermometer with a neat

sketch. [12M]
(b) Name the metals or materials used for
i. Thermocouples and
ii. Resistance thermometers. [4M]

5. (a) Classify different chain drives and explain in brief the working of each. [8M]
(b) Briefly describe as to how power is transmitted through chains. [8M]

6. (a) Discriminates between an indicator and records as control component.[6M]

(b) Briefly explain the construction and working details of pneumatic recorder.
[10M]

7. Which component does the circuit represent? (figure1) [4M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 1

Figure 1:

(a) Draw the characteristics of the output for a fixed ac input as dc is changed in
the above circuit. [8M]
(b) Explain how the above component can be used in control system. [4M]

8. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors. [4M]
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[12M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Classify various transducers and give an example of each and mention their
applications. [8M]
(b) What is the true value of voltage across the 500 KΩ resistor connected between
terminals A and B as shown in (figure1) below ? What would a voltmeter with
a sensitivity of 20 KΩ/v read on the following ranges: 50, 15,5 volts when
connected across terminals C and D. [8M]

Figure 1:

2. (a) What are RTD’s, and on what basic principle do they work? Explain their
construction. [10M]
(b) The resistance of a platinum resistance thermometer element at 150 C is re-
quired to be 50 ohms. Determine the length of the wire needed if the diameter
of the wire is 0.25 mm. Assuming that the temperature coefficient of resis-
tance of the wire is constant, calculate the element resistance’s at ‘0’ and
100o C. Assume missing data. [6M]

3. (a) Why the piezo electric transducer cannot be used for measurement of static
displacement. [8M]
(b) Explain the concept of piezo electric accelerometer with neat sketch. [8M]

4. Explain the principle of working and applications of optical pyrometers. [16M]

5. (a) Explain the Construction and Working principles of Gear mechanism. [8M]
(b) Explain the basic concepts of Scale and pointer type of Indicating Mechanism.
[8M]

6. (a) What are the basic requirements of control mechanism? [8M]

(b) With a block schematic the functioning of a control mechanism. [8M]

7. (a) Express a relationship between various voltages of a synchro transmitter.[8M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 2
(b) How are synchros useful in error detection and correction in a servo control
system. [8M]

8. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors. [4M]
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[12M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define the following static characteristics with necessary examples and graphs:
i. Accuracy
ii. sensitivity
iii. static error
iv. Dead space
v. Drift. [10M]
(b) A voltage has a true value of 1.50 volts. An Analog indicating instrument
with a scale range of 0-2.50 volts shows a voltage of 1.46 volts. What are the
values of absolute error and correction. Express the error as a traction of the
true value and the full-scale deflection. [6M]

2. (a) What is the purpose of connecting thermocouples in parallel? [4M]

(b) Suggest an instrumentation circuit for thermocouples, which will produce a
linear output with temperature. [8M]
(c) State two advantages of using a thermocouple for measurement of temperature.
[4M]

3. (a) Why the piezo electric transducer cannot be used for measurement of static
displacement. [8M]
(b) Explain the concept of piezo electric accelerometer with neat sketch. [8M]

4. (a) List the detectors used in radiation and optical pyrometers. [8M]
(b) Explain the factors affecting the static accuracy of filled in thermometers.[8M]

5. (a) Derive the expression for the ratio of driving tensions in v-belts. [8M]
(b) Compare the performance of v and flat belt drives. [8M]

6. (a) Give the schematic of general pneumatic control system and describe the func-
tion of various elements? [8M]
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of pneumatic controller? [8M]

7. (a) What are the essential characteristics required of a switch. [2M]

(b) Mention different types of switches based on the number of circuits they can
switch and the number of outlets for each circuit. [6M]
(c) Can active elements like diode and transistor be used as switch Explain.[8M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 3
8. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors. [4M]
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[12M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TRANSDUCERS AND INSTRUMENTATION COMPONENTS
(Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Categorise various errors and explain the causes and suggest remedies. [12M]
(b) The true value of voltage across a resistor is 50V. The measurement find a
value of 49V. Calculate
i. the absolute error
ii. the percent error
iii. the percent accuracy. [4M]

2. (a) Explain the calibration procedure for an hotwire anemometer with necessary
sketches.
(b) Mention the differences between thermistor, RTD and anemometers. [8+8]

3. A parallel plate capacitive transducer uses plates of area 500mm2 which are sepa-
rated by a distance of 0.2mm. Calculate the value of capacitance when the dielectric
is air having a permittivity of 8.85 × 10−12 f /m.

(a) Calculate the change in capacitance if a linear displacement reduces the dis-
tance between the plates to 0.18mm. Also calculate the ration of per unit
change of capacitance to per unit change of displacement. [8M]
(b) Suppose a mica sheet 0.01mm thick is inserted in the gap. Calculate the value
of original capacitance and change in capacitance for the same displacement.
Also calculate the ratio of per unit change in capacitance to per unit charge
in displacement. The dielectric constant of mica is 8. [8M]

4. What are the main factors considered for lead arrangement an RTD? Explain any
one briefly. [16M]

5. (a) Derive the expression for n of a spiral gear. [8M]

(b) Describe in detail a system which uses spiral gear. [8M]

6. (a) What is the need for a value. [4M]

(b) When are they installed? [6M]
(c) Give typical design guidelines for diaphragms. [6M]

7. (a) What does a magnetic amplifier amplify? [2M]

(b) Is magnetic amplifier an energy converter if so how? [4M]
(c) Draw the circuit diagram of a magnetic amplifier and explain how it exerts
controls in a control system. [10M]

1 of 2
Code No: RR212203 Set No. 4
8. (a) Discriminate between ordinary electric motors and Servo motors. [4M]
(b) Briefly explain the working of D.C and A.C servomotors with neat sketches.
[12M]

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

2 of 2