Code No: RR310303 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Give the detailed classification of boilers?

(b) Write short notes on any one Boiler accessory with the schematic sketch.
[6+10]

2. The throat diameter of a nozzle is 5 mm. If dry and saturated steam at 10 bar is
supplied to the nozzle, calculated the mass flow rate. The exhaust pressure is 1.5
bar.
(a) Assume friction less adiabatic flow.
(b) If 10 % of the isentropic heat drop lost in friction, what should be the correct
diameter at outlet for steam to issue at the same exhaust pressure? [16]
3. The air leakage into a surface condenser operating with a steam turbine is estimated
as 84 Kg/hr. The vacuum near the inlet of air pump is 700 mm of Hg. When
Barometer reads 760 mm of Hg. The temp. at the inlet of vacuum pump is
200 C.Calculate
(a) Min. capacity of air pump in m3 /hr.
(b) The dimensions of the reciprocating air pump to remove the air if it run at
200 RPM and L/D ratio=1.5 and volumetric efficiency =100%.
(c) The mass of vapour extracted per minute. [16]
4. (a) Briefly explain the classification of steam turbines.
(b) Explain briefly why in multistage impulse turbines the first stage is often
Compounded for velocity and remaining stages have single row wheels?
[6+10]
5. In a stage of impulse reaction turbine provided with single row wheel, the mean
diameter of the blades is 1metre.it turns at 3000r.p.m.the steam issues from the
nozzle at a velocity of 350m/sec and the nozzle angle is 200 . The rotor blades are
equiangular. The blade friction factor is 0.86.determine the power developed if the
axial thrust on the end bearing of a rotor is 118N. [16]
6. A closed cycle gas turbine using Argon as the working fluid has a two compression
with perfect inter cooling. The overall pressure ratio is 9 and pressure ratio in
each stage is equal. Each stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. The turbine
is also two stage with equal pressure ratio with inter change reheat to original
temperature. Each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 90%. The turbine
inlet temperature is 1100K and the compressor inlet is 303K. Find

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 1
(a) work done per kg of fluid flow
(b) work ratio
(c) The overall cycle efficiency.
The properties of argon are Cp= 0.5207kJ/kg 0 K,γ =1.667 and R=0.20813kJ/kg0 K
[16]

7. (a) Explain the significance of effective speed ratio on Specific thrust and overall
thermal efficiency in a turbojet engine.
(b) Briefly explain the needs and demands to be met by a modern turbo-jet engine.
[8+8]

8. (a) Why liquid propellants are preferred in rocket propulsion?

(b) A simple turbojet unit operates with a turbine inlet temperature of 11000 K, a
pressure ratio is 4:1 and a mass flow of 22.7 Kg/Sec. under design conditions.
The following component efficiencies may be assumed: Isentropic Compressor
efficiency - 0.85
Isentropic Turbine efficiency - 0.90
Propelling nozzle efficiency - 0.95
Transmission efficiency - 0.99
Combustion chamber loss - 0.21 bar
Calculate the design thrust and specific fuel consumption when the unit is
stationary at sea level where the ambient conditions may be taken as 1.013
bar and 288K. [6+10]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Steam is supplied to a two-stage turbine at 40 bar and 3500 C. It expands in the first
turbine until it is just dry saturated, then it is re-heated to 3500 C and expanded
through second stage turbine. The condenser pressure is 0.035 bar. Calculate the
work output and the heat supplied per kg of steam for the plant, assuming ideal
processes and neglecting the feed pump work. Calculate also the specific stream
consumption and cycle efficiency. [16]

2. (a) Discuss the effect of friction on flow through steam nozzles. Explain with the
help of H-S Diagram
(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 10 bar with negligible velocity expands
in Convergent Divergent nozzle to 1 Bar and Dryness fraction 0.94.Determine
the velocity of steam leaving the nozzle. [6+10]

3. (a) What are the objectives of a steam condenser in a steam power plant?
(b) Explain the working of high level jet condenser, with the help of a neat sketch.
[6+10]

4. In an impulse turbine (with a single row wheel) the mean diameter of the blades is
1.05m and speed is 3000r.p.m.The nozzle angle is 180 , the ratio of the blade speed
to steam speed is 0.42 and the ratio of the relative velocity at outlet from the blades
to that at inlet is 0.84.The outlet angle of the blade is to be made 30 less than the
inlet angle. The steam flow is 10kg(S)s. Draw The velocity diagram for the blades
and derive the following:

(a) Tangential thrust on the blades

(b) Axial thrust on the blades
(c) Resultant thrust on the blades
(d) Power developed in the blades
(e) Blading efficiency. [16]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. (a) Explain with neat sketch open cycle gas turbine plant.

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 2
(b) Enumerate the differences between open cycle gas turbine plant and closed
Cycle turbine plant. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the important properties of a good propellant?

(b) In a jet propulsion cycle air enters the compressor at 1 bar, 150 C. The pressure
leaving the compressor is 5 bar and the maximum temperature is 9000 C. The
air expands in the turbine to such a pressure that the turbine work is just
equal to the compressor work. On leaving the turbine, the air expands in
a reversible adiabatic process in a nozzle to 1 bar. Calculate the velocity
leaving the nozzle. Take Cp =1.0035 andγ = 1.4 for compressor and expansion
processes. [4+12]

8. (a) Explain with a neat sketch a Screw Propeller Unit.

(b) What are the fundamental differences between jet propulsion and rocket propul-
sion? [8+8]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the working principle of any one of horizontal fire tube boiler.
(b) A chimney is 60 m high and the temperature of atmospheric air is 270 C. If 15
kg of air per kg of fuel is used find the temperature of hot gases for maximum
discharge. [10+6]
2. A convergent divergent nozzle is required to pass 1.8 kg of steam per second. At
inlet the steam pressure and actual temperature are 7 bar and 2000 C respectively
and the speed is 75 m/s. Expansion is stable throughout to the exit pressure of
1.1bar. There is no loss by friction in the converging section of the section, but loss
by friction between throat and outlet is equivalent to 71 kJ/kg of steam. Calculate
(a) the required area of throat in mm2 ,
(b) the required area of outlet in mm2 and
(c) the overall efficiency of the nozzle, based on the heat drop between the actual
inlet pressure and temperature and the outlet pressure. [16]
3. (a) With the help of a neat sketch. Explain the working of counter flow jet
condenser.
(b) The following data were obtained from the test of a surface condenser :
Condenser vacuum =711 mm of Hg; Hot water Temp=320 C; Inlet temp of
circulating water = 140 C Outlet temp of circulating water is 280 C, Barometer
reading is 760 mm of Hg. Calculate the vacuum efficiency and efficiency of
condenser. [8+8]
4. In a single stage impulse turbine the nozzle angle is 250 . The absolute velocity of
steam at exit is 300 m/sec in a direction 1200 to the direction of motion of the
blades. Assuming equiangular blades and no axial thrust, determine
(a) the blade angles,
(b) the power developed per kg and
(c) the diagram efficiency. [16]
5. (a) The following data refers to a particular stage of a Parsons Reaction turbine:
Speed of the turbine = 1500r.p.m
Mean diameter of the rotor = 1metre
Stage efficiency=80 percent
Blade outlet angle=200
Speed ratio= 0.7
Determine the available isentropic enthalpy drop in the stage.

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 3
(b) What do you mean by combined velocity diagram with reference to steam
turbines? [10+6]

6. In gas turbine plant, operating on joules cycle, maximum and minimum tempera-
tures of 8250C and 27 0 C . The pressure ratio is 4.5. Calculate the specific work
output , cycle efficiency and work ratio. Assume isentropic efficiency of compressor
and turbine 85%and 90% respectively. What is the heat rate in kJ / kW-hr. If the
rating of the turbine is 1300kW, what is the mass flow in kg/s. Neglect the mass
of fuel. Cp=1.005 kJ/kg 0 K. [16]

7. (a) Describe the effect of altitude on turbo jet unit.

(b) How do the thrust and thrust power of a turbojet engine vary with flight
speed? Compare these with a reciprocating engine. How thrust is augmented
for the off and climb? [6+10]

8. (a) What is ramjet? Explain the working of a ramjet with a neat sketch.
(b) Explain the following terms
i. Isentropic Compressor efficiency
ii. Isentropic Turbine efficiency
iii. Propelling nozzle efficiency
iv. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the operation of any one type of modern high pressure boiler with a
neat sketch.
(b) Define equivalent evaporation of a boiler. [12+4]

2. A convergent divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2 kg of steam per second.

The nozzle is supplied with a steam at 7 bar and 1800C and discharge takes place
against a backpressure of 1 bar. The expansion upto throat is isentropic and the
frictional resistance between the throat and exit is equivalent to 63 kJ/kg of steam.
Taking approach velocity of 75 m/s and throat pressure of 4 bar. Estimate :

(a) Suitable areas for the throat and exit.

(b) Overall efficiency of the nozzle based on the enthalpy drop between the actual
inlet pressure and temperature and the exit pressure. [16]

3. (a) With help of neat sketch explain the working principle of Barometric jet con-
denser.
(b) With a line diagram explain the working of natural draught cooling tower.
[8+8]

4. (a) Define and derive an expression for diagram efficiency incase of a steam tur-
bine.
(b) In a simple impulse turbine, the nozzles are inclined at 200 to the direction
of motion of moving blades. The steam leaves the nozzles at 375 m/sec. The
blade speed is 165 m/sec.Find suitable inlet and outlet angles for the blades
in order that the axial thrust is zero. The relative velocity of steam as it flows
over the blades is reduced by 15% by friction. Determine the power developed
if the flow rate is 10 kg/sec. [8+8]

5. (a) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbines? Discuss various meth-
ods of compounding steam turbines?
(b) Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
[10+6]

6. (a) What are the Principal components in closed cycle gas turbine and Explain
them briefly, show the cycle on T-S diagram
(b) Derive the expression for thermal efficiency of a simple gas turbine plant. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310303 Set No. 4
7. A turbo-jet engine flying at a speed of 960 km/hr consumes air at the rate of 54.5
kg/s. Calculate

(a) Exit velocity of jet when the enthalpy change for the nozzle is 200 KJ/kg and
velocity coefficient is 0.97.
(b) Fuel flow rate in kg/s when air-fuel ratio is 75:1.
(c) Trust specific fuel consumption.
(d) Thermal efficiency of the plant when the combustion efficiency is 93% and
calorific value of the fuel is 45000 KJ/kg.
(e) Propulsive power.
(f) Propulsive efficiency.
Overall efficiency. [16]

8. Discuss the theory of the rocket engine. [16]

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