International Criminal Law

1) - Define International Criminal Law. Do you think that the major war crimes trial which took place in the mid-20th Century established the ground for the establishment of permanent International Criminal Court? Explain in detail. ++ Define international criminal law. Discuss the origins and development of international criminal law. 2) - Criminal offences, to amount to war crimes, must also have a link with international or internal armed conflicts. Explain this in light of the decisions delivered by the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). 3) - Genocide acquired autonomous significance as a specific crime in 1948 after the adoption of the Genocide Convention by the General Assembly. Define Genocide according to the definition given under the Genocide Convention. Do you consider that with the recognition by the ICTR that rape and sexual violence can amount to genocide has brought about much needed protection for women during armed conflicts? +++ 4) - The United Nations Security Council referred the case of Sudan to the International Criminal Court in 2005. In 2009 the Trial Chamber of the ICC issued an arrest warrant for the current Sudanese President. Will the decision of the Trial Chamber create a rift between African states and Western states that could ultimately affect the functioning of the ICC? ++ Do you think that this decision has provided support to the Security Council in referring the case of Libya to ICC? Explain in details 5) - Sovereignty, non-inclusion of certain crimes in the list of international crimes and referral power given to the Security Council, influenced the decisions of the Government of India not to become part of the Rome Statute. Do you think that India should ratify the Rome Statute even after considering the above reasons? Give reasons in support of your answer. +++ 6) - After 1945 the need for crimes against humanity to be committed during war or armed conflict was ended. This is the position taken in the ICC Statute. Elaborate on this development in light of the decisions of the Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court. 7) - Traditionally, war crimes were considered to occur during international armed conflicts, however, after the Tadic decision, it is now accepted that serious infringements of international humanitarian law that occur during internal armed conflicts will also be regarded as war crimes. Will this development lead to a greater number of perpetrators of war crimes during non-international armed conflicts being brought to trial? 8) - Provide a short discussion on any two of the following: (a)Crimes against humanity (b)The Nuremberg Trials (c)Crime of Aggression under Rome Statute (d)The role of Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (e)International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (f) Special Court for Sierra-Leone