Code No: RR311004 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Show that the mercury thermometer which is suddenly immersed in hot water
with some temperature will follow first order dynamics.
(b) A thermometer having time constant of 1 min is initially at 50C. It is immersed
in a bath maintained at 1000 C at t =0;
i. Determine the temperature reading at t = 1.2 min.
ii. If at t = 1.5 min, the thermometer is removed from the bath and put in
a bath at 750 C, determine the maximum temperature indicated by the
thermometer.
iii. What will be the indicated temperature at t = 20 min? [6+10]

2. (a) Say whether heated tank and an immersed thermometer with negligible inter-
action is interacting or non-interacting. Justify your answer.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer functions individ-
ually for heated tank and thermometer.
(c) Determine the overall transfer function of this combination. How is this trans-
fer function related with the individual transfer function? [3+9+4]

3. (a) Discuss the effects of an integral controller on the closed loop response of first
order process.
(b) With neat sketches, explain the principle of derivative control action. Sum-
marize its characteristics. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the method of realizing an electronic PD controller employing delayed

negative feedback. Derive the expression for proportional gain and derivative
time.
(b) With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of a thermostat type two
position controller. How differential gaps are produced in such type of con-
trollers. [8+8]

5. (a) What is meant by process tuning and list the various methods of tuning of
PID parameters.
(b) Discuss process reaction method for control loop tuning. [8+8]

6. Explain the principle of a direct and reverse pneumatic actuator. [16]

7. (a) Give the schematic of single seated and double seated valves.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 1
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of single seated and double seated
valves. [8+8]

8. (a) What is split range control? Explain the split range control of a chemical
reactor?
(b) Discuss the response of cascade system to load changes using the general
diagram of cascade control? [8+8]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the different types of process variables?

(b) Name all the variables of a liquid heating tank heated by electric current in
an electric heater.
(c) Define “Degrees of freedom” and bring out its importance in process control.
[6+4+6]

2. (a) Define self regulation ?

(b) Explain how self and non self regulated systems operate for step input with
examples. [5+11]

3. (a) Determine the controller actions present in the controllers given below figure1.
Also find the proportional gain, derivative and integral time if they exist.

Figure 1:

(b) A PI controller has Kp =5 and KI =6 sec. Find the controller output for an
error given by ep =4 sin(πt). Also find the phase shift between error and
controller output. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail, the realization of proportional-integral action with the aid
of bellows, flapper-nozzle etc.
(b) Draw a three mode electronic controller and derive the expression for the
output voltage. [8+8]

5. (a) What is meant by process tuning and list the various methods of tuning of
PID parameters.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 2
(b) Discuss process reaction method for control loop tuning. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain all the characteristics of a control valve.

(b) A bypass arrangement is suggested for controlling a water stream between the
limits of 600 and 800 gallons / minute. The available pressure drop is 10 psi,
independent of flow rate. Calculate the effective value characteristics for a
5-in valve (Cv = 150), for a 3” valve (Cv = 100) in the bypass line. [8+8]

7. (a) Give the schematic of single seated and double seated valves.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of single seated and double seated
valves. [8+8]

8. Write short notes on

(a) Material balance in a distillation column

(b) Quality control (top and bottom product) in a distillation column
(c) Quantity control (top and bottom product) in a distillation column. [5+6+5]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. In a jacketed tank, the temperature of process stream θ1 is preheated to a tem-

perature θ2 by means of steam with temperature θs through the jacket. Assume
that the capacity of the tank wall is negligible and that the temperature inside the
jacket is uniform.
(a) Derive the transfer function of this system to study the temperature response
if the rate of flow of process stream is constant.
(b) Make correction in the transfer function if the rate of flow of the process stream
is also a variable. Also discuss about the time constants for a high flow rate
and a low flow rate. [8+8]
2. (a) Is the Thermometer Bulb and well arrangement a non-interacting system?
Justify your answer.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer function for
Thermometer bulb and well arrangement. [6+10]
3. (a) Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of the proportional, integral
and derivative control actions.
(b) Discuss the characteristic effects of a proportional controller on the closed loop
response of a process. [8+8]
4. (a) What are the advantages of the force type pneumatic controllers? Describe
with neat diagrams, the working of a force type pneumatic proportional con-
troller.
(b) Explain the working principle of a hydraulic proportional controller. How
proportional gain can be adjusted in this controller? [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the following terms as applicable to system evaluation with necessary
graphs.
i. Stability
ii. measure of quality .
(b) Discuss the quarter - amplitude criterion to evaluate the response. [8+8]
6. (a) A motor to be driven by a digital signal, has a speed variation of 200 rpm/volt
with a minimum rpm at 5 volts and maximum at 10 volts. Find the minimum
speed word and maximum speed word, the speed change per LSB change. Use
a 5 bit, 15V reference DAC.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 3
(b) Explain the principle of I/p converter. [10+6]

7. (a) Write about requirements of pressure drop across the valve for better control
of flow.
(b) Write clearly existence of cavitations in control valves? [8+8]

8. (a) Explain clearly the split range control of the pressure in the steam header?
(b) Determine the properties of the inner loop in a cascade control system and
write the principle advantages of cascade control system? [8+8]

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. In the following figure1, P1 ,P2 and P3 refer to changes in the pressures upstream,
in the tank and downstream respectively and the flows into and out of the tank are
influenced by the tank pressure.

Figure 1:

(a) Write the differential equation for the above system and get the transfer func-
tion.
(b) What is the order of the above system? How will the order change if there are
several inlets and outlets? [10+6]

2. (a) Give one example for Interacting first order elements in series.
(b) Write the differential equation for this combination and determine the transfer
function.
(c) Comment on the transfer function. [3+10+3]

3. (a) what is meant by differential gap and how it is related to the performance of
the final control element?
(b) Define proportional band. Explain the relation between proportional gain,
proportional band and offset error.
(c) With a neat sketch explain the integral controller mode action. Summarize
the characteristics. [5+5+6]

4. (a) Explain in detail, the realization of proportional-integral action with the aid
of bellows, flapper-nozzle etc.
(b) Draw a three mode electronic controller and derive the expression for the
output voltage. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain the following terms as applicable to system evaluation with necessary
graphs.

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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 4
i. Stability
ii. measure of quality .
(b) Discuss the quarter - amplitude criterion to evaluate the response. [8+8]

6. Explain the principle of a direct and reverse pneumatic actuator. [16]

7. A heating furnace requires a control valve passing 10gpm preheated light fuel oil
(SP.gr. = 0.8) at full load and only 2 gpm at the smallest heating load. The source
pressure constant at 50psi gage, but there is 10psi drop in the oil pre heater and
20 psi drop at the furnace burner nozzles. Remaining pressure drop occurs only at
control valve when it is fully opened.

(a) Find out control valve size required for the above application.
(b) Find out required rangeability of the valve
(c) Find out characteristic coefficient (α). [6+4+6]

8. (a) Explain the method of boiler level control using cascade operation
(b) Explain the control of boiler level using feed forward operation. [8+8]

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