Code No: RR410404 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of guided optical communication

lines with that of Microwave systems. [5+3]
(b) What are the various elements of an optical communication system? Explain
each element in brief. [2+6]

2. (a) Explain in detail elliptical and circular propagation of light. [8]

(b) Describe the quantum nature of light. Explain basic optical laws in detail
with relevant mathematical expressions. [3+5]

3. (a) Discuss briefly about radiative losses in the optical fiber [8]
(b) Explain the core and cladding losses in the optical fiber and also derive the
expression for those losses [4+4]

4. (a) With respect to LED what is internal quantum efficiency and derive the ex-
pression for the lifetime reduction caused by interfacial recombination. [3+5]
(b) If the radiative and non radiative recombination lifetimes of the minority car-
riers in the active region of an LED are 1ns and 100ns, respectively, find the
internal quantum efficiency and the bulk recombination lifetime in the absence
of self absorption and recombination at the heterojuntion. [4+4]

5. (a) Why power bandwidth is an important parameter in an optical communication

system?
(b) Explain in detail the various factors which affects the performance of optical
source. [6+10]

6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]

7. (a) Discuss about the Point to Point Fiber Optic Link and its characteristics with
an example? [5+3]
(b) Explain about the frequency chirping and its effects. [5+3]

8. (a) A single-mode fiber has a normalized frequency V=2.40, a core refractive index
n1 =1.47, a cladding refractive index n2 = 1.465, and a core diameter 2a=9µm.
Find the insertion losses of fiber joint having a lateral offset of 1µm.
(Assume if any data is missed)

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1
(b) How to inter connect two fibers in a low loss manner? Explain. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) List out the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication.
[5+3]
(b) Distinguish between optical fiber communication system and conventional
communication system. [4+4]

2. (a) Derive an expression for power flow in Graded Index fiber. [6]
(b) Determine the normalized frequency at 820nm for step index fiber having a
25µ metres core radius, n1 =1.48 n2 =1.46.
i. How many modes propagate in the fiber at 820nm and 1550 nm. [5+5]

3. (a) Derive the expression for the waveguide dispersion also find the relationship
between V and β. [7+3]
(b) A single mode fiber operating at the wave length of 1.3µm is found to have
a total material dispersion of 2.81ns , and a total waveguide dispersion of
0.495ns Determine the received pulse width and approximate bit-rate of the
fiber if the transmitted pulse has a width of 0.5ns. [6]

4. (a) Draw the schematic of edge emitting double hetro junction LED and explain
its working in detail. [3+5]
(b) If the radiative and non radiative recombination lifetimes of the minority car-
riers in the active region of an LED are 25ns and 100ns, respectively, find the
internal quantum efficiency and the bulk recombination lifetime in the absence
of self absorption and recombination at the heterojuntion. [4+4]

5. (a) Draw the schematic of Fabry Perot Resonator Cavity for a laser diode and
explain how the optical radiations are generated. [3+7]
(b) Draw the LASER diode characteristics. [6]

6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]

7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM

system.
(b) Discuss about a bidirectional WDM system. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2
8. (a) Explain about losses in End seperation, connecting different fibers when join-
ing two fibers? [8]
(b) Explain about fiber end face preparation? [4+4]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of guided optical communication

lines with that of Microwave systems. [5+3]
(b) What are the various elements of an optical communication system? Explain
each element in brief. [2+6]

2. (a) Differentiate Ray and modes. [4+4]

(b) Determine the cut off wavelength for a step index fiber to exhibit single mode
operation when the core refractive index and the radius are 1.46 and 1.45
µmeter respectively with the relative index difference being 0.25%. [8]

3. (a) Compare the optical parameters of free space with dispersive & non dispersive
mediums. [4+4]
(b) List the differences between intramodal & intermodal dispersions. [4+4]

4. (a) A single mode step-index fiber gives a total pulse broadening of 95ns over a
5km length. Estimate the Bandwidth length product for the fiber when a
Non-return to zero digital code(NRZ) is used.
(b) With the help of relevant expressions. Explain pulse spreading mechanism in
graded index fibers. [8+8]

5. (a) Draw the schematic of Fabry Perot Resonator Cavity for a laser diode and
explain how the optical radiations are generated. [3+7]
(b) Draw the LASER diode characteristics. [6]

6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]

7. (a) Give an account of Fiber optic link power budget with an example. [4+4]
(b) List the factors involved in launching optical power from a light source to a
fiber. [8]

8. (a) Describe with the aid of a suitable diagram, for measurement of fiber attenu-
ation using cutback technique? [3+7]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3
(b) A spot measurement of fiber attenuation is performed on a 1.5km length of
optical fiber at a wavelength of 1.1µm. The measured optical out put power
from the 1.5km length of fiber is 50.1µW. When the fiber is cut back to a
2m length, the measured optical output power is 385.4µW. Determine the
attenuation per kilometer for the fiber at a wavelength of 1.1µm. [6]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Give the block diagram of a digital optical fiber communication system and
explain the functions of each block. [4+6]
(b) With respect to band width explain how optical fibers are advantageous over
coaxial cables. [6]

2. (a) What are the requirements for the materials to be used for optical fibers
(b) Write in detail about glass fibers. [8+8]

3. (a) Two step index fibers one of which is of mono mode type and the other one
in the multimode type have the following parameters:
The mono mode fiber has a core diameter of 8µm and core refractive index of
1.5.
The relative refractive index difference between the core and cladding is 0.3%
The operating wavelength is 1.55µm . Calculate the critical radius of curvature
at which bending losses occur in the fiber
(b) With the help of relevant expressions explain material dispersion and waveguide
dispersion. [8+8]

4. (a) Write notes on broadening of pulse in the fiber dispersion.

(b) For a fiber material dispersion parameter is 58.8 ps/nm/km.The relative spec-
tral widthδλ /λ of the source is 0.0012 at the wavelength of 850nm.Calculate
the R.M.S. pulse broadening per km. [8+8]

5. (a) Discuss the requirement for population inversion in order that stimulated emis-
sion may dominate over spontaneous emission. Illustrate your answer with an
energy level diagram of a laser. [6+2]
(b) Discuss the mechanism of optical feedback to provide oscillation and hence
amplification within the laser. Indicate how this provides a distinctive spectral
output from this device. [5+3]

6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]

7. (a) Describe with diagram to explain the operation of a unidirectional WDM

system.

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4
(b) Discuss about a bidirectional WDM system. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain about an optical attenuation meter? [8]

(b) i. Convert the optical signal powers of 5mw and 20µw to dBm.
ii. Convert optical signal powers of 0.3mw and 80ηw to dBµ. [4+4]

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