`// /c//o tc(;cc 1 t / t

1o/ N//// Zt; `//

0r 0r 0r 0r ; ;; ; /c//o /c//o /c//o /c//o
Algebra and Functions
If f(p) = 0 then f(x p) is a factor of
f(x).
Long division with algebra
Sine and Cosine

C
c
B
b
A
a
sin sin sin
= =
C ab b a c cos 2
2 2 2
+ =
C ab area sin
2
1
=
Exponentials and Logarithms
n a x n
x
a
= = log
0 1 log =
a

1 log = a
a

y x xy log log log + =
( ) y x
y
x
log log log =
( ) x k x
k
log log =

a
x
x
b
b
a
log
log
log =
Co-ordinate Geometry
Mid point of a line = ( ) y x,
Length of a line =
2 2
y x +
A circle of centre (a, b) has formula
2 2 2
) ( ) ( b y a x r + =
Binomial Expansion

Radian Measure

180
1 = radian

c o
2 360 =
r arclength =

2
2
1
sec r tor area =
) sin (
2
2
1
= r t areasegmen
Geometric Sequences

1
=
n
n
ar u

( )
r
r a
S
n
n

=
1
1

1 r where
1
<

r
a
S
Trigonometric Functions & Identities
Working anti-clockwise from 0 t
360
o
All Students Take Cannabis
shows where functions are positive.
sin ) 180 sin( =
cos ) 180 cos( =
etc 5 . 0 60 cos , 5 . 0 30 sin , 1 45 tan = = =
Graphs: sin starts at the origin, cos
starts at the max, range is -1 to 1,
period is 360. For tan period is 180
and range is

cos
sin
tan =
1 cos sin
2 2
= +
With sin; = + n360; (180 ) +
n360
With cos; = + n360; (360 ) +
n360
With tan; = + n180
Differentiation
Stationary points are where the
gradient of the curve is 0.
dy / dx will give stationary points.
(solve f(x) = 0 then sub. in f(x).
if f(x) > 0 then min point; if < 0
then max point; if = 0 then either or
inflexion.
Integration
Definite integration has limits, solve
then sub limits in and subtract.
Integrating a range gives the area
below it.
Trapezium rule allows estimation of
areas under curves.
( )
R n
x
r
r n n n
x
n n
nx x
r n
<

+
+ +

+ + = +
, 1 x where
.. 2 1
) 1 )...( 1 (
...
2 1
1
1 ) 1 (
2
( )
( )! !
!

where
...
2 1
2 2 1
r n r
n
C
r
n
n
b b a
r
n
b a
n
b a
n
a b a
r
n
n r r n n n n n

= =

+ +

+ = +