Personalit y

Personality
Characteristic

pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

Personality
A

distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

Personality
individual

differences consistent and enduring Formed in childhood can alter but usually only due to extreme trauma exhibited by behavior

Behavior also influenced by:

needs

past experience attitudes perception current situation social pressures AS WE AS !E"S#$A %&'

Major perspectives on Personality

Heredity

Vs. Environment

Psychoanalytic

approach ( unconscious motivations

 Trait

( specific dimensions of personality Humanistic approach ( inner capacity for gro)th Social-Cognitive approach ( influence of environment

Theories of personality

Psychoanalytic theory Carl ung theory !lfred !dler

Heredity Vs. Environment

*oes one influence the development of children more than another++

Heredity

,eredity includes all of the traits from blood relatives that are passed do)n to a child. ,eredity is passed do)n through the genes. -enes carry the inborn instructions that help ma.e a person )hat he or she is.

Environment

%t includes first hand experiences from )hich the children learn. What children hear or read is also part of their environment, as are their relationships )ith others. &he environment includes physical conditions such as food and rest.

Another )ay to say this is/

NATURE VS. NUTURE

It

has een arg!ed o"er ti#e as to $hich one has a greater infl!ence on o!r de"elop#ent%

Tho!ghts&&&

'et(s look at the follo$ing traits and see $hat infl!ences the#)

,air 0olor
,eredity

0olor of Eyes Heredity

-eneral ,ealth of the 1aby

1oth

Personality Traits of the Child

1oth

Physical Strength
Both

"elationship With Family 2 Friends

"nvironmen

evel of Education

"nvironmen t

1ody &ype
Heredit

#eight
Both

%3
Both

Birth $efects
Both

%is& Ta&ing
Both

Freud: The Psychoanalytic Approach to Personality

I. Freud1856-1939
An

Austrian Neurologist who became fascinated with studying hysteria. clinical observations led him to form his controversial, but famous theory.

His

Basic concepts of Psychoanalytic approach:

needs ""libidinous energy.

. !e are motivated to satisfy instinctual

#. $nconscious conflicts are forcibly %ept from awareness& this influences our behavior. '. Past events shape subse(uent behavior.

e!els of "onsciousness: Ice#er$ theory

"onscious %ind ) li%e the top of the iceberg, only a small portion of our mind is accessible to us.
.

#. Preconscious %ind ) material that is

unconscious, but can be easily brought into awareness. *oves bac% + forth easily between conscious + unconscious.

'. &nconscious %ind ) is completely outside

of our awareness ,could produce an-iety if made conscious..

'tructures of Personality

. Id ) unconscious impulses that want to be gratified, without regard to potential punishment. /s source of psychic energy ,li#ido.. #. ($o )pri%arily conscious* ) tries to satisfy id impulses while minimi0ing punishment + guilt. '. 'upere$o ) the 1moral2 center of our personality which tells us right from wrong ,somewhat conscious..

&he 4nconscious
1 1the the mind mind is is li%e li%e an an iceberg iceberg "" mostly mostly hidden2 hidden2 "onscious +,areness small part above surface ,Preconscious. &nconscious below the surface ,thoughts, feelings, wishes, memories. %epression
banishing unacceptable thoughts + passions to unconscious $reams ' Slips

Bac& to (reud) Structure of Personality

%d 5 %nfancy 5 All drives and urges 5 !leasure !rinciple 5 !rimary !rocess thin.ing 6illogical7 &he language of dreams

Structure of Personality

Ego 5 *evelops at age 8 5 0onstrains the %d to reality 5 "eality !rinciple 5 Secondary !rocess thin.ing 6logical7

Structure of Personality

Superego 5 *evelops at age 9 5 %nternalized values, morality of parents and society 5 !romotes guilt, shame, embarrassment, pride 6self(conscious emotions7 5 i.e the %d, $#& bound by reality Sets higher standards

Freud 2 !ersonality Structure

Satisfaction $itho!t the g!ilt&

Ego

S!per Ego Id

Id " energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle

Freud 2 !ersonality Structure

Ego " see%s to gratify the /d in realistic way 3eality Principle Ego S!per Ego Id Super Ego " voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave

Personality -e!elop%ent
Freud

argued that personality development" is result of conflicts we resolve in childhood. learn to satisfy id impulses while handling societal pressures.

!e

.andlin$ +n/iety

Freud argued we need to reduce the an-iety associated with unpleasant thoughts. To do this, we re4ect unpleasant thoughts from the conscious mind + force them into the unconscious mind. The 1ego2 employs 1defense mechanisms2 to regulate an-ieties.

Figure 12.3 Freuds model of personality dynamics

C*+(,-CT

#ur lives are a constant negotiation of opposing impulses 6desire:fear; love:hate7 %d, Ego, and Superego are constantly battling to control our behavior Such conflicts produce anxiety

Freud 6<=9> 5 <?@?7

!sychic *eterminism
Everything

meaning $o free )ill or mista.es

has a

*efense Aechanisms
"epressionB CAngry+ Ae+ % donDt

feel mad.E
!roFectionB C%Dm not mad at you.

'ou are mad at me.E

"eaction

mad at you. % adore you.E

formationB

C%Dm not

 *isplacementB C%Dm not mad at you.

%Dm mad at the dog.E

"ationalizationB C%Dm not mad at you.

%Dm Fust tired.E

"egressionB C%Dm ta.ing my toys and

going home.E

SublimationB C%Dm directing my

energies to )riting a novel.E

5/.
.

-efense %echanis%s

0epression: the suppression of unpleasant thoughts. !e push unpleasant thoughts into unconscious so that we can6t access them.

#.

-enial" refusing to believe something

unpleasant has occurred.

!e refuse to accept horrible news, even with evidence to the contrary. 7.g., you hear a friend has died + can6t believe it6s true.

3.
we

0ationali1ation 2

4ustify the actions or events that have happened.

3. -isplace%ent

you ta%e out your anger + frustration on a person or ob4ect not the actual target of your anger.

7.g., After being grilled by your boss, you go home + yell at your partner or the dog8cat.

5.Pro4ection 2 9ou attribute your

negative characteristics to another person.

!hen people pro4ect their own faults onto others, they generally do not deny that they themselves possess those faults. 7.g., 9our partner tells you how selfish you are, when they are in fact selfish.

:.

0eaction For%ation ) acting the

opposite of how you feel.

9ou do the opposite of how you feel to defend your own doubts. 7.g., A person who doubts his faith may act li%e a religious 0ealot to defend his religion.

;. 'u#li%ation ) the transformation of an

unacceptable impulse into an acceptable behavior.

7.g., Aggressive impulses are transformed into the urge to engage in competitive sports. *ost desirable way of dealing with unacceptable id impulses.

Personality and Traits

Trait
TraitGA

relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone Or *istinguishing personal characteristics Personality 5 a combination of traits that classifies as individualDs behavior

Trait
Shy 1rave "eliable Friendly ,ostile 0onfident Serious

Big (ive Model of Personality

<. 8. @. H. 9.

Surgency Agreeableness AdFustment 0onscientiousness #penness to experience

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