INDEX

s.no. 1 2 3 4 5 topics certificate acknowledgment Aim of the project introduction theory 1)TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES *BENEDICTS TEST *FEHLINGS TEST 2)TEST FOR Bicarbonates 3) TEST FOR FATS 4) TEST FOR PROTEINS 5) TEST FOR CALCIUM 6) TEST FOR IRON 7) TEST FOR AMMONIA 6 7 8 9 Reactions Observations Result Harmful effects of fats 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13-14 15-26 27 28 Page no. 2 3 4 5

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled TO

STUDY ABOUT THE VARIOUS NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN BISCUIT

submitted to

mrs charanjeev

chopra, is a bonafide record of work done bysaatvik goel under my supervision

Mrs. charnjeev chopra

(chemistry teacher)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide (mrs

charanjeev chopra) for his exemplary guidance,

monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Mr.

Ram vilas sir for his cordial

support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various stages.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sisters and friends for their constant encouragement without which this assignment would not be possible.

Aim
To DETACT THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN BISCUIT AND WRITE THE OBSERVATIONS

INTRODUCTION
A BISCUT IS BAKED IN EDIBLE OIL AND COMMONLY FLOUR BASED PRODUCT GENERALLY BISCUIT CONTAIN WHEAT FLOUR HYROGENATED OIL AND GLUCOSE TO SELL THEIR PRODUCTS AND TO COMPETE WITH OTHER BRANDS MANY COMPANIES WRITE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN THEIR PRODUCTS PACKAGING WHICH ARE NOT ACTUALLY PRESENT IN THEM IN ORDER TO ATTRACT CUSTOMERS

SO MOTIVE OF OUR PROJECT IS TO DETECT NUTRIENTS IN A BISCUIT

THEORY
Test for carbohydrates:

1) BENEDICTS REAGENT TEST

Take about 1 ml of the aqueous solution of the biscuit in a test tube. Add around 2ml of benedicts reagent ( a sol. Of sodium citrate and sodium carbonate mixed with a sol. Of copper sulphate).boil the mixture and allow it to cool

The formations of red precipitate indicates the presence of carbohydrates

2) FEhLINGS EFFECT
TAKE ABOUT 2ML OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSOF THE BISCUIT AND ADD 1-2 ML OF FEHLINGS SOUTION A AND FHELINGS SOLUTION B.KEEP RHE TEST TUBE IN BOILING WATER BATH

Fehling's A- is a blue aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate Fehling's B is a clear and colorless solution of aqueous potassium sodium tartrate and a strong alkali

THE FORMATION OF RED PPTS. INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES

TEST FOR BICABONATES :

TO A PINCH OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF BISCUIT ADD DILUTE HCL

BRISK EFFERVESCENCE INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF INSOLUBLE CARBONATES

TETS FOR FATS:

SOLUBILITY TESTTAKE SOME AMOUNT OF BISCUIT POWDER IN THE TEST TUBE AND ADD WATER TO IT SHAKE WELL A LARGE NUMBER OF DROPLETS SEEN INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF FATS

TEST FOR PROTIENS :

1. XANTHOPROTEIC TEST: TAKE SOME AMOUNT OF BISCUIT POWDER TEST TUBE AND ADD 2ML OF CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID(HNO3) INTO IT AND HEAT IT. formation of yellow precipitates indicate the presence of protiens.

2. BIURET TEST

TAKE SOME BISCUIT POWDER IN A TEST TUBE. ADD 2-3ml OF NAOH INTO IT AND 4-5 DROPS OF 1% SOLUTION OF CUSO4. BLUISH VIOLET COLORATION INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF PROTIENS.

TEST FOR CALCIUM :

AMMONIUM OXALATE TEST:

TAKE 2ML OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE BISCUIT IN A TEST TUBE AND ADD 1-2ML OF AMMONIUM OXALATE[(NH4)2C2O4]. THEN ADD LITTLE AMOUNT OF NH4OH TO IT.

formation of WHITE precipitates indicate the presence of CALCIUM IONS.

TEST FOR IRON :

POTTASIUM FERROCYANIDE TEST:
TAKE 2ML OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE BISCUIT IN A TEST TUBE AND ADD POTTASIUM FERROCYANIDE SOLUTION. formation of BLUE COLOUR indicate the presence of IRON.

2.POTASSIUM SULPHOCYANIDE TEST:

TAKE 2ML OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE BISCUIT IN A TEST TUBE AND ADD POTTASIUM SULPHOCYANIDE SOLUTION. formation of BLOOD RED COLOUR indicate the presence of IRON.

TEST FOR AMMONIA:

nessLers test:
TAKE ABOUT 2ML OF THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE GIVEN SAMPLE OF BISCUIT AND ADD 1-2mL of nessLers reAgent.

nessLers reAgent: AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF POTASSIUM IODIDE, MERCURIC CHLORIDE AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE.

FORMATION OF BROWN PRECIPITATES INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF AMMONIUM IONS.

REACTIONS

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES:1) BENEDICTS REACTION:

RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 4OH --- RCOOH + Cu2O + 2H2O

2) Fehlings reaction: C6H12O6 + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH- C6H11O7-Na+ + 3H20 + Cu20

TEST FOR BICARBONATES:NaHCO3 + HCL -- NaCl + H20 + CO2 (BRISK EFFERVESCENCE)

Test for calcium:

(CH3COO)2Ca + (HN4)2C2O4 -- 2CH3COONH4 + CaC2O4
(WHITE PPT.)

TEST FOR IRON :-

4FeCl3 + 3K4[Fe(CN)6] ---- 12KCl + Fe[Fe(CN)6]3

(PRUSSIAN BLUE PPT.)

TEST FOR AMMONIA:2K2HgI4 + NH3 + 3KOH --- H2N.HgO.HgI

Observation
Parle-g

Analysis of Parle-g:
s.no 1) Nutrients observations
On treating with benedicts reagent red ppt. was formed On performing the fehling test red ppt. was formed On performing test carbonates,brisk effervescence is formed Onperforming protiens test deep blue color is seen On performing ammonium oxalate test white ppt. is formed On performing the test for iron blue ppt. is not formed On performing test for fats greasy spot is produced on filter paper On per forming nesslers reagent test ,brown ppt is not formed

inference
Carbohydrates are present.

Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates are present. Bicarbonate is formed

2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Bicarbonates: Protiens Calcium Iron fats ammonia

Protiens are present Calcium is present

Iron is absent

Fats are Present

Ammonia is absent

Conclusion
The given sample of parle g biscuit shows the following result:

Carbohydrates:-

present

Bicarbonates-:

present

Protiens-

present

Calcium-

present

Iron-

absent

Fats-

present

Ammonia-

absent

Hide & seek

Analysis of hide & seek

S.no. nutrients observations
On treating with benedicts reagent red ppt is formed On performing fehling test red ppt is formed

inference
Carbohydrates are present. Carbohydrates are present Bicarbonate is formed Protiens are present Calcium is Absent Iron is absent

1)

carbohydrates

2) 3)

bicarbonates

On performing test for bicarnonates brisk effervescence is produced Onperforming protiens test deep blue color is seen On performing ammonium oxalate test white ppt. is not formed On performing the test for iron blue ppt. is not formed On performing test for fats greasy spot is produced on filter paper On per forming nesslers reagent test ,brown ppt is not formed

Protiens 4) calcium 5) Iron 6) fats 7) ammonia

Fats are present

Ammonia is Absent

Conclusion
The given sample of hide and seek biscuit shows the following result:

Carbohydrates:-

present

Bicarbonates-:

present

Protiens-

present

Calcium-

absent

Iron-

absent

Fats-

present

Ammonia-

absent

Tiger

Analysis of tiger:
S.no. nutrients observations
On treating with benedicts reagent red ppt is formed On performing fehling test red ppt is formed

Inference
Carbohydrates are present. Carbohydrates are present Bicarbonate is formed Protiens are present Calcium is Present Iron is present

1)

carbohydrates

2) 3)

bicarbonates

On performing test for bicarnonates brisk effervescence is produced Onperforming protiens test deep blue color is seen On performing ammonium oxalate test white ppt. is formed On performing the test for iron blue ppt. is formed On performing test for fats greasy spot is produced on filter paper On per forming nesslers reagent test ,brown ppt is not formed

Protiens 4) calcium 5) Iron 6) fats 7) ammonia

Fats are present

Ammonia is Absent

Conclusion
The given sample of tiger biscuit shows the following result:

Carbohydrates:-

present

Bicarbonates-:

present

Protiens-

present

Calcium-

present

Iron-

present

Fats-

present

Ammonia-

absent

Good day

Analysis of good day:

S.no.

nutrients

Observations
On treating with benedicts reagent red ppt is formed On performing fehling test red ppt is formed

inference
Carbohydrates are present. Carbohydrates are present Bicarbonate is formed Protiens are present Calcium is present Iron is absent

1)

carbohydrates

2) 3)

bicarbonates

On performing test for bicarnonates brisk effervescence is produced Onperforming protiens test deep blue color is seen On performing ammonium oxalate test white ppt. is formed On performing the test for iron blue ppt. is not formed On performing test for fats greasy spot is produced on filter paper On per forming nesslers reagent test ,brown ppt is not formed

Protiens 4) calcium 5) Iron 6) fats 7) ammonia

Fats are present

Ammonia is absent

Conclusion
The given sample of good day biscuit shows the following result:

Carbohydrates:-

present

Bicarbonates-:

present

Protiens-

present

Calcium-

present

Iron-

absent

Fats-

present

Ammonia-

absent

result
Carbohydrates:present in all

Bicarbonates-:

present in all

Proteins-

present in all

Calcium-

present in all Except hide&seek

Iron-

absent in all Except tiger

Fats-

present in all

Ammonia-

absent in all

Harmful effects of eating fats

Saturated fatty acids are a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. Diets high in saturated fatty acids increase the production of acetate fragments in the body which, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of cholesterol. When consumed, saturated fats tend to clump together and form deposits in the body, along with protein and cholesterol. They get lodged in blood cells and organs, leading to many health problems, including obesity, heart diseases, and cancers of the breast and colon. The build-up in the arteries can cause a narrowing of the arteries, called atherosclerosis, which consequently can lead to major heart problems.