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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Use of the gerund
as the subject of a sentence as the object after certain verbs* after certain verbs + prepositions after certain a jectives + prepositions after certain nouns + prepositions after verbs of perception #action going on$ Buying Rover was a big mistake for BMW. Most people enjoy driving. I loo for!"rd to he"ring from you soon. !e"s not very good "t #"n"ging people. We"ll have no diffi$ulty in selling the pro uct. I s"! him st"ggering own the roa towar s the pub.

%Ver& ' gerund( avoi % can"t help% eny% rea % enjoy% #can"t$ face% fancy% feel like. finish% give up% imagine% keep #on$% min % miss% postpone% practise% put off% resent% risk% spen time% #can"t$ stan % suggest

Use of the infinitive

a$ !ithout to after mo al au&iliaries make an let verbs of perception #complete action$ b$ !ith to after a jectives certain verbs* *uestion wor s the first+last+only a jectives + for We $"n)t r"ise the prices by more than '(. My boss woul n"t let me le"ve early. )he #"de me do overtime. I s"! him o*en the safe an hel* himself to the money.

I"m sorry% but I"m not re"dy to go yet. )he !"nts to find a job in marketing after she"s gra uate . ,an you tell me !here to *"r my car!enry .or was the first to use flow pro uction in a car factory. /ntil then cars ha been too e+*ensive for most people to &uy.

%Ver& ' infinitive !ith to( "fford, agree% aim% are% eci e% e&pect% fail% happen% hope% manage% mean% offer% prepare% preten % promise% refuse% seem% threaten% want% wish

Gerund or infinitive - little differen$e in #e"ning

I &eg"n to *l"y the piano when I was si&. We must $ontinue to loo for new staff. I &eg"n *l"ying the piano when I was si&. We must $ontinue loo ing for new staff.

0fter some verbs #begin% start% continue% like% love% hate% inten an prefer$ you can usually use either a gerun or an infinitive. 1here is practically no ifference in meaning. 2&ception3 0fter woul +shoul + like+love% only the infinitive can be use .

Gerund or infinitive - i#*ort"nt differen$e in #e"ning I"ve sto**ed s#o ing. stop
We sto**ed to s#o e a cigarette. I re#e#&er *l"ying with 4ego. I"ll never forget driving into that brick wall. I regret not le"rning 4atin. Re#e#&er to take back those library books. )he forgot to lo$ the oor. We regret to say that we are unable to help you. I i n"t #e"n to interru*t. 0 5.6' lesson #e"ns getting u* early. 1hey tried giving him penicillin% but it ha no effect. I tried to lift the crate% but it was too heavy.

remember forget regret

1he activity #smoking$ stops. 1he activity is the reason for stopping. 1he activity or event has alrea y happene . 1he activity has not yet happene . It can or is+was suppose to be one. to inten to to have as a result+an effect to test something to see if it works to attempt something ifficult

mean try

.r"$ti$e
A
Complete the telephone call.

)3 7oo morning% 0,M2 2nterprises. 03 !ello% I" like )3 Who"s calling03 9arl Maier% from )chwenningen. I won er if I coul week)3 I"m afrai Mr 8kinawa is not free this week. !e trie phone several times last week% but you were in :ew ;ork. 03 ;es% I"m sorry. I remember #tell$ him I" be away. )3 <erhaps I can ask him 03 ;es% please o. I"ll look forwar to )3 8kay. 1hank you for 03 .ine. Bye for now. )3 7oo bye. #call$ you as soon as he"s free ne&t week. #hear$ from him. #call$. We"ll talk again ne&t week. #ask$ him to call me% but I forgot #reach$ you by #see$ him this #speak$ to Mr 8kinawa.

B
=. >. ?. 6. '. @. 5. A. B.

Complete the sentences. I"m not looking forwar to I"ll never forget I really can"t affor When I get home from college% I often fancy I never get roun to I"m afrai I often postpone 0s a chil I woul often preten When I"m not feeling confi ent% I rea I have always meant to

=C. 0m I ambitious- Well% I aim ==. 0s a chil I woul often resent =>. I will always regret =?. I really shoul give up =6. 0fter I leave college% I"ll probably continue ='. 0t the moment I can hear somebo y