e

GE Transformer & Short Circuit Calculator

Simple Calculations will furnish base

Simple Calculations

Detailed Calculations

Transformer Tables

Short Circuit and Current Calculations with X/R and Utility Impedance
Go To Simple Calculations
Go To Main Sheet
Click above if you wish to include X/R ratios and better Utility information.
Choose from the drop down menu or fill in the blanks were required.
Red triangles indicate additional comments.

Source Data
Are you assuming Infinite Source?
Select worse case or known source Impedance
If KNOWN, enter Additional Source Data below . . . .
Additional Source Data:
Primary Short circuit Amps = 20000
Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12):

X/R1 = 10

Transformer Data
Capacity:

kVA=

Transformer Primary Voltage:

Volts (kV) line-line=

Transformer Secondary Voltage:

Volts (kV) line-line=

Transformer Impedance:

%Z= 5.75

Impedance Tolerance:

%=

Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12):

X/Rt= 12

Rated transformer secondary current (calculated):

I(xfrmr)=

3007 Amps

Source Impedance Calculation (%Z1):

Primary Short Circuit kVA:
SCkVA1 = SCAmps1 x Primary Volts (kV) x 1.732 =
Source Impedance:

%Z1=kVAt X 100%
SCkVA1

478046
0.52296

Vector Components of Source Impedance (%Z1):

%X1
%Z1=x sin[arctan(X/R1)] =
%R1 =

%X1

0.52037
=

0.05204

X/R1

Transformer Impedance Calculation (%Zt):

Vector Components of Transformer Impedance (%Zt):

5.675 %Z Including Tolerance

%Xt
%Zt=x sin[arctan(X/Rt)] =
%Rt =

5.65540

%Xt
X/Rt

0.47128

Total System Impedance Calculation(%Ztot):

Add vector components:

%Xtot = %X1 + %Xt =

6.17576

%Rtot = %R1 + %Rt =

0.52332

%Ztot =

6.19790

Short Circuit Availability at Transformer Secondary

SC Amps2=

100
%Ztot

x I(xfrmr) =

Resistance/Reactance Ratio:

48,517 Amps

X/R2 =

11.80

Motor Contribution Calculation

Motor Contribution: 2.0 x rated motor load current at 208Y/120 volts
4.0 x rated motor load current at 240, 480, and 600 volts
SCAmps(motor)=

1504

Amps =

6,014 Amps

SC Amps2 + SCAmps(motor) =

54,531 Amps

Total System Short Circuit Availability

Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems

Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments

R and Utility Impedance

Calculated

kVA
%Z

%Z Including Tolerance

Calculated

Calculated

Calculated

Calculated

Transformer Type
1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9

Transformer Type
Dry type, with fans
Dry type, 80 deg rise
Dry type, 115 deg rise
Cast coil, with fans
Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

OL
1.33
1.3
1.15
1.4
1.12

Transformer
1
250
2
500
3
750
4
1000
5
1500

Secondary
1
208
2
380
3
480
4
2300
5
4160

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg. Rise

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, with fans
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg. Rise
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, with fans

1.12
1.15
1.12
1.25

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2000
2500
3000
4000
5000
7500
10000

6
7
8

12000
12470
13800

1.33

2500

480

Primary voltage
1
115000
2
100000
3
64000
4
38000
5
27000

Impedance
1
0
2 7.5

1
2
3
4
5

Motor load
0% of Xfmr Current
10% of Xfmr Current
20% of Xfmr Current
30% of Xfmr Current
40% of Xfmr Current

0
10
20
30
40

Source
1 Known
1
2 Infinite (or unknown)
0

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

21000
17000
13800
12470
4160
2300
480

13800

6
7
8
9
10
11

2 7.5

50% of Xfmr Current

60% of Xfmr Current
70% of Xfmr Current
80% of Xfmr Current
90% of Xfmr Current
100% of Xfmr Current

50
60
70
80
90
100

50

1 Known

(Transformer nominal full load current/%Z) X 100 X 1.075 = Short circuit current.
with infinite short circuit kVA available on primary.

Transformer KVA
Secondary Voltage

2,500 kVA

Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA

480 Volts

Fans = 125%

Nominal Impedance

5.75 %

55/65deg rise = 112%

Impedance Variability

7.5 %

Nominal Secondary Amperes

3,007 Amperes

Maximum SC Current

56,218 Amperes

Motor load
Max SCA with Motor Contribution
Extended current rating
Extended Rating Amperes

Dry type
Fans = 133%
115deg rise = 115%

50 %
62,233 Amperes
37 %
4,120 Amperes

Bold numbers are calculated. Other numbers are user input.

80deg rise = 130%

Cast coil

Fans = 140%
For some manufacturers can vary from

Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA

Fans = 125%

Fans = 115%

55/65deg rise = 112%

55/65deg rise = 112%

Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

Fans = 133%

At 65 deg rise = 112%

115deg rise = 115%

80deg rise = 130%

Fans = 140%
For some manufacturers can vary from 133% to 150%.

Transformer Calculations without X/R and Utility Impedance

Go To Detailed Calculations
Go to Main Sheet
Click above if you wish to include X/R ratios and better Utility information.
Choose from the drop down menue or fill in the blnk were required.
Red triangles indicate additional comments.
Transformer Type
Transformer KVA

kVA

Secondary Voltage

Volts

Nominal Impedance 5.75

Impedance Tolerance

Motor load

% of xfmr kVA

Nominal Secondary Amperes

3,007 Amps

Calculated

Maximum SC Current

56,218 Amps

Calculated

Max SCA with Motor Contribution

68,247 Amps

Calculated

133 %

Calculated

Extended current rating

Extended Rating Amperes

3,999 Amps

Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems

Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments

Rev C 04/02/02, MEV

Calculated

13
14
15
16
17

Transformer Type

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

OL

Dry type, 150 deg rise, no fans

Dry type, 150 deg rise, with fans
Dry type, 80 deg rise, no fans
Dry type, 80 deg rise, with fans
Dry type, 115 deg rise, no fans
Dry type, 115 deg rise, with fans
Cast coil, with fans, 33%
Cast coil, with fans, 40%
Cast coil, with fans, 50%
Padmount, 65 deg rise
Padmount, 55/65 deg rise
Liquid filled, 65 deg rise, no fans
Liquid filled, 55/65 deg rise, no fans
Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1
1.33
1.3
1.73
1.15
1.53
1.33
1.4
1.5
1
1.12
1
1.12
1.15
1.288
1.25
1.4

1.33

Dry type, 150 deg rise, no fans

Dry type, 150 deg rise, with fans
Dry type, 80 deg rise, no fans
Dry type, 80 deg rise, with fans
Dry type, 115 deg rise, no fans
Dry type, 115 deg rise, with fans
Cast coil, with fans, 33%
Cast coil, with fans, 40%
Cast coil, with fans, 50%
Padmount, 65 deg rise
Padmount, 55/65 deg rise
Liquid filled, 65 deg rise, no fans

1
1.33
1.3
1.73
1.15
1.53
1.33
1.4
1.5
1
1.12
1

13
14
15
16
17

Liquid filled, 55/65 deg rise

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 65 deg rise, with fans
Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA, 55/65 deg rise, with fans

1.12
1.15
1.288
1.25
1.4

Transformer KVA

Secondary Voltage

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

250
300
500
750
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
4000
5000
7500
10000

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

208
380
480
600
2300
4160
12000
12470
13800

2500

480

Impedance Tolerance

1
2

0
7.5

only "0" and "7.5" needed

7.5

Motor load

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

11

100

GE Transformer Currents for Substation & Pad Mount Transformers

Nominal amperes at nameplate kVA, all transformer types

kVA
13,800
12,470
12,000
4,160
40000
1,675
1,854
1,927
25000
1,047
1,159
1,204
3,474
20000
838
927
963
2,779
15000
628
695
723
2,084
10000
419
464
482
1,390
7500
314
348
361
1,042
5000
209
232
241
695
4000
168
185
193
556
3750
157
174
181
521
3000
126
139
145
417
2500
105
116
120
347
2000
84
93
96
278
1500
63
70
72
208
1000
42
46
48
139
750
31
35
36
104
500
21
23
24
69
300
13
14
14
42
Amps = kVA X
0.042
0.046
0.048
0.139
Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65 deg, fan rating
kVA
Nominal X 1.25 (or 1.15)
10000
524
579
602
7500
393
435
452
5000
262
290
301
4000
209
232
241
3750
196
217
226
3000
157
174
181
2500
131
145
151
2000
96
107
111
1500
72
80
83
1000
48
53
55
750
36
40
42

1,737
1,303
868
695
651
521
434
320
240
160
120

Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65/55deg rise, fan rating

Nominal
kVA X 1.12 X 1.25 (or 1.15)
10000
586
649
674
7500
440
487
506
5000
293
324
337
4000
235
260
270
3750
220
243
253
3000
176
195
202
2500
147
162
169
2000
108
119
124
1500
81
90
93
1000
54
60
62
750
40
45
47

1,945
1,459
973
778
729
584
486
358
268
179
134

480

6,021
4,817
4,516
3,613
3,011
2,408
1,806
1,204
903
602
361
1.204

380

7,606
6,085
5,704
4,563
3,803
3,042
2,282
1,521
1,141
761
456
1.521

208

5,558
4,169
2,779
2,084
1,390
834
2.779

1.25 X FA

5,645
4,516
3,763
2,770
2,077
1,385
1,039

5,704
4,754
3,499
2,624
1,749
1,312

6,392
4,794
3,196
2,397

1.25 X FA

5,058
4,215
3,102
2,327
1,551
1,163

5,324
3,918
2,939
1,959
1,469

5,369
3,579
2,685

Maximum amps for Dry type, 150 deg rise, FA rating

Nominal X 1.33
kVA 13,800 V 12,470 V 12,000 V
5000
279
308
320
4000
223
247
256
3750
209
231
240
3000
167
185
192
2500
139
154
160
2000
111
123
128
1500
84
92
96
1000
56
62
64
750
42
46
48
500
28
31
32
300
17
18
19

4,160 V
924
739
693
554
462
370
277
185
139
92
55

Maximum amps for Dry type, 115 deg rise, FA rating

kVA
Nominal X 1.15 X 1.33
5000
320
354
368
4000
256
284
295
3750
240
266
276
3000
192
213
221
2500
160
177
184
2000
128
142
147
1500
96
106
111
1000
64
71
74
750
48
53
55
500
32
35
37
300
19
21
22

480 V

380 V

208 V

6,006
4,805
4,004
3,203
2,402
1,602
1,201
801
480

6,069
5,058
4,046
3,035
2,023
1,517
1,012
607

5,544
3,696
2,772
1,848
1,109

1,063
850
797
638
531
425
319
213
159
106
64

5,526
4,605
3,684
2,763
1,842
1,381
921
553

5,816
4,653
3,490
2,327
1,745
1,163
698

6,376
4,251
3,188
2,125
1,275

Maximum amps for Dry type, 80 deg rise, FA rating

kVA
Nominal X 1.30 X 1.33
5000
362
401
416
4000
290
321
333
3750
272
301
312
3000
217
240
250
2500
181
200
208
2000
145
160
167
1500
109
120
125
1000
72
80
83
750
54
60
62
500
36
40
42
300
22
24
25

1,201
961
901
721
601
480
360
240
180
120
72

5,205
4,164
3,123
2,082
1,562
1,041
625

5,260
3,945
2,630
1,973
1,315
789

7,207
4,805
3,604
2,402
1,441

Maximum amps Oil filled Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

Nominal X 1.12
kVA 13,800 V 12,470 V 12,000 V

4,160 V

480 V

380 V

208 V

5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300

235
188
176
141
117
94
70
47
35
23
14

260
208
195
156
130
104
78
52
39
26
16

270
216
202
162
135
108
81
54
40
27
16

778
622
584
467
389
311
233
156
117
78
47

5,395
5,058
4,046
3,372
2,697
2,023
1,349
1,012
674
405

5,111
4,259
3,407
2,556
1,704
1,278
852
511

6,225
4,669
3,112
2,334
1,556
934

Extended ratings formulas

Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA
Fans = 125%
55/65deg rise = 112%

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA

Fans = 115%
55/65deg rise = 112%

Dry type

Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

At 65 deg rise = 112%

Fans = 133%
115deg rise = 115%
80deg rise = 130%
Cast coil

Fans = 140%
For some manufacturers can vary from 133% to 150%.
Liquid fill primary substation 12MVA and larger
Two levels of fans are available each 33% of base kVA., 166% max.
55/65 deg rise rating provides an additional 12% for a maximum of 186%.
Notes:
*Padmount transformers larger than 2500 kVA are not specifically described in the ANSI standards
neither are fan cooled ratings. Installation of fans would specifically contravene the tamper resistant requirements of the ANSI standards. Fans are not recommended for Padmounted transformers.
*Padmount transfomers loadbreak separable connectors are limited to 200 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transfomers dead front primary bushings are limited to 600 amperes maximum.
*Padmount primary under oil switches are limited to 400 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transformer's internal fuses are very limited above 1500kVA, separate protection is often
required.
All transformer secondaries are, generally, limited to 5000 amperes maximum.
For all 480V transformers 3000 kVA & larger take consideration of secondary short circuit current
as it could exceed 65,000 amperes and hence require special secondary distribution equipment.
Motor contribution not included !

Impedances and short circuit currents

Maximum AIC at the secondary terminals of a transformer can be derived as follows:

(Transformer nominal full load current/%Z) X 100 X 1.075 = Short circuit current.
with infinite short circuit kVA available on primary.
Example:
1
nominal current 2500kVA at 480V is 3,011 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75
SCA = (3,011/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 56,293 amps symmetrical RMS
2

nominal current 3000kVA at 480V is 3,613 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75

SCA = (3,613/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 67,547 amps symmetrical RMS

If primary short circuit current is limited it can be incorporated into the calculations
as follows:
SSCA = TFLC/((TkVA/PSCkVA)+(Z% X 0.925/100))
SSCA = Secondary short circuit amps.
TFLC = Transformer full load current, secondary.
TkVA = Transformer kVA.
PSCkVA = Primary short circuit kVA. (In medium and high voltage parlance
short circuit currents are expressed in MVA or kVA)
Example:
1
Above 2500kVA with 400MVA available at medium voltage primary.
SSCA = 3,011/((2500/400,000) +(5.75 X 0.925/100)
SSCA = 3,011/((25/4,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.05945
SSCA = 50,650 A RMS symetrical
2

Above 2500kVA with 200MVA available at medium voltage primary.

SSCA = 3,011/((25/2,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.0657
SSCA = 45,830 A RMS symetrical

An additional consideration are motor loads connected on the low voltage side of the transformer.
The conservative way to take motor contribution into consideration is to use the full load current of
all the motors connected, multiply by 4 and add to the transformer supplied short circuit current.

Note that above 2500 kVA you can easily have more than 65 kAIC!

Pad Mount Transformers

Volts

1.25 X FA
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15

1.25 X FA
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15