COLLEGE OF DUNAJVROS METALLURGY

LUIZ GUSTAVO GOMES NOCERA

HEAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT Report 2

DUNAJVROS 2013

COLLEGE OF DUNAJVROS METALLURGY

LUIZ GUSTAVO GOMES NOCERA

HEAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT Report 2

Report presented in the discipline of Heat and Surface Treatment, taught by Dr. Judit Pzmn , performed by student Luiz Gustavo Gomes Nocera in the fourth year of the course of Materials Engineering.

DUNAJVROS 2013

1.INTRODUCTION Reactivity is the tendency that a chemical reaction takes place. It is a qualitative concept, but can be quantified by assigning a range of energies, defined for particular conditions, such as under constant pressure or at constant volume being one of the most important chapters of chemical thermodynamics. Reactivity is the tendency that an atom has to capture or lose electrons. When we study metals reactivity we are trying to understand if have or not a probability to happen a chemistry reaction. By the chemistry we know that the elements from the alkali family are very reactive, and forming one bond trying to be stable, good reducing agents have more capacity of oxidation than the other elements. Previously we studied than the reactivity grows by the elapse of the periodic table, by the example that a big element (Rb) in atomic radius, lose yours electrons easily, reacting abruptly and spontaneously. The same spontaneity can be seen at the small atoms like Li, but without the same reaction speed. Because the fact that the alkaline-earth metals have 2 electrons at valence shell are in +2 rusty state founded at nature (because are also highly reactive, but not as strong as alkali metals). The solubility of the most part of alkaline-earth salts decreases with the mass increasing, although there was one inverse tendency with the fluorides and hydroxides from this group. The lattice energy is much larger than the values of the IA group, because of the effect of the increased load. The most reactive element "moves" the least reactive element. gold <platinum <silver <mercury <copper <hydrogen <lead <tin <nickel <cobalt <iron <chromium <zinc <manganese <aluminum <magnesium <sodium <calcium <potassium <Li <aminiotide 2.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE At this practice we put metal parts in several environments like sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and others. After put many metals in many environments we analyzed the hydrogen formation, whose inform us the reactivity of the system. After analyze all the glass tubes with some acids, we took note about who was reactive and who not, and we outline the reaction of they.

3.RESULTS Here we can see the reactions and all the systems developed in this practice:
(Eq. 1) (Eq. 2)

The cupper have low tendency to oxidation, and the HCl it is not a good oxidizing agent being unable to react with the copper. The same fact happen in the solution with iron sulphate. (Eq.1 and Eq.2)
(Eq. 3)

When Iron was add in as hydrochloric acid solution, he reacted. It was possible to see a liberation of hydrogen bubbles. But was a slow reaction

comparing with the other reactions, by the large layer of iron oxide at surface. (Eq.3)
+ (Eq. 4)

In the reaction between Zn and H2SO4were formed Hydrogen gas and zinc sulphate. This reaction was occurred slowly. (Eq. 4)
+ (Eq. 5)

The reaction between Aluminium and sulfuric acid was a fast reaction, because the Al is the most reactive metal comparing with the others used in this practice. (Eq. 5)
+3 (Eq. 6)

The most effective reaction occurs between HCl and Al. It was a fast exothermic reaction with a lot of bubbles. (Eq. 6)
+ (Eq. 7)

In the reaction between Zinc and hydrochloric acid, the Zn donates electrons to the cation H+, which is reduced forming H2. (Eq. 7)
+

When added iron in sulfuric acid, small bubbles of gas were released. The iron react with H2SO4, The same donates electrons to the sulfur acid forming iron sulphate (FeSO4) combine with protons and form hydrogen gas.

4.CONCLUSION By this practice we learned how to now when a reaction between a metal and some acid is happen by the hydrogen formation, and by the chemical studies we were able to make the reaction and know with product was formed. By the concept of the reactivity of the metals whose we saw in a theoretically table was confirmed in the practice, measuring the velocity of hydrogen bubbles formation and quantity.

5.REFERENCES [1]SILVA, R. R. da, Bocchi, N., Rocha-Filho, R. C. Introduo Qumica Experimental. So Paulo, McGraw-Hill, 1990. [2]site: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reatividade [3]site: http://www2.fc.unesp.br/lvq/exp07.htm [4]site: http://www.mundoeducacao.com/quimica/reatividade-metais.htm