UNIT-IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS PART-A

1. What is the relation between Z transform and Fourier transform of discrete time signal.(APR/MAY 2003 &2010). X ( ) =X (Z) |z= .This means Z transform is same as Fourier transform when evaluated on unit circle. ( ) (OCT/NOV 2002). 2. What is the Z transform of Z{ ( )} = ( ) ROC:|Z|>|a|. 3. Define region of converse with respect to Z transform. [MAY-95, 97, DEC-2000, NOV/DEC 2003, MAY-11,DEC-05]. Region of convergence (ROC) is the area in Z plane where Z transform convergence .In other word, it is possible to calculate the X(z) in ROC. 4. State the initial value theorem of Z transforms. (APR/MAY 2004 &2010). The initial value of the sequence is given as,x(0)= X(z) 5. What is the difference between the spectrum of the CT signal and the spectrum of the CT signal and the spectrum of the corresponding sampled signal? (NOV/DEC 2004). The spectrum of the CT signal and sampled signal are related as, ( ) ( ) This means spectrum of sampled signals is periodic repetition of spectrum of CT signal. It repeats at sampling frequency and amplitude is also multiplied by 6. State final value theorem for Z transform.(APR/MAY 2005). ( ) ( ) The final value of the sequence is given as ( ) 7. Define DTFT pair (or) Define discrete time Fourier transform(or) Write analysis and synthesis equation of DTFT.[DEC-06,APR/MAY 2004& DEC2009,DEC07,NOV/DEC 2012]. DTFT, ( ITDFT, ( ) ( ) ) ( )

8. State and prove time shifting property of Z transform. (NOV/DEC 2003). Statement : If ( ) ( ), then ( Proof: By definition o z-transform ( ) Let y(n)= x(n-k) ( ) Let m=n-k, n=m+k then ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( ). Hence proved.

9. Define one sided and two sided z transform. (NOV/DEC 2004, APR/MAY 2010). One sided Z transform is given as ( ) ( )

Two sided Z transform is given as ( ) ( )

10. Define Z transform. The Z transform of a discrete time signals , - is denoted by X(z) and its is given as ( ) ( )

and the value n range from - to .Here z is the complex variable.This Z transform is also called as bilateral or Two sided Z transform. 11. What is the differentiation property in Z domain?[MAY-06] If x, - ( ),Then , - ( ) 12. Define initial value theorem and differentiation theorem of z-transform[MAY-06] ( ) The initial value theorem ( ) Differentiation theorem: , - ( )

13. State the methods to find inverse Z transform. [MAY -99] Inverse z-transform can be obtained using a.)Partial fraction expansion b.)Contour integration c.)Power series expansion d.)Convolution methods. 14. State parsevalsrelation for Z transforms.[MAY/JUNE 2009] If , - and , - are complex valued sequence,then the parsevals relation states that , , , ( )

15. Find the Z transform of x(n)={1,2,3,4}. (DEC 2009, DEC-05). Given X(n)={1,2,3,4} ( ) =1+2 ROC: Entire z-plane, except z=0 16. Obtain the inverse z transform of X(z)= Given X(z)= By standard z-transform pair ( ) ( ) | | ,|z|>|a| [MAY 2000] | | ( ) ( ) .

Here k=1 then, ( Therefore inverse ZT of X(z)= is ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( )

17. What is meant by sampling? A sample is a process by which a CT signal is converted into a sequence of discrete samples with each sample representing the amplitude of the signal at the particular instant of time. 18. State the sampling theorem. (DEC 2009, APR/MAY 2010,MAY-11). A band limited signal of finite energy, which has no frequency components higher than the W hertz, is completely described by specifying the values of the signal at the instant of time separated by seconds. A band limited signal of finite energy, which has no frequency components higher than the W hertz, is completely recovered from the knowledge of its sample taken at the rate of 2W samples per second. Above statements can be combined and stated as, A continuous time signal can be completely represented in its samples and recovered back if the sampling frequency is twice of the highest frequency content of the signal. i.e.,fs Where fs is the sampling frequency and W is the higher frequency content 19. What is meant by aliasing? (MAY/JUN 2010, MAY/JUNE 2013). When the high frequency interferes with low frequency and appears as low then the phenomenon is called aliasing. 20. What are effect aliasing? Since the high frequency interferes with low frequency then the distortion is generated. The data is lost and it can not be recovered. 21. How the aliasing process is eliminated.(OR) what is anti-aliasing filter[DEC-09] i).Sampling rate fs 2W, ii).Strictly band limit the signal to W. This can be obtained by using the low pass filter before the sampling process. Hence there are no aliasing compoments after sampling. The low pass filter is thereffe called anti-aliasing filter. 22. Define Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval.(MAY/JUN 2010). When the sampling rate becomes exactly equal to 2W samples/sec,for a give bandwidth of W hertz, then it is called Nyquist rate . Nyquist interval is the time interval between any two adjacent samples. Nyquist rate =2W hz&Nyquist interval=1/2W seconds. 23. What is the significance of ROC in Z-transform. (DEC 2009). 1. ROC also determines the type of sequence i.e i) Causal or non causal ii) Finite or infinite 2. ROC will decide whether a system is stable or not. 24. Why CT signals are represented by samples.(DEC 2009). i).A CT signals cannot be processed in the digital processor or computer. ii).To enable the digital transmission of the signal.

25. State Nyquist sampling theorem. (MAY/JUN 2010). It states that sampling frequency is equal to twice the maximum frequency.i.e =2 . 26. Define unilateral Z-Transform or one sided Z-transform[MAY-02,10] The unilateral Z-Transform of signal x (t) is given as, ( ) ( )

The unilateral and bilateral Z-Transforms are same for causal signals. 27. State convolution property of z-Transform. [MAY-95,97,NOV/DEC 2012] The convolution property states that, If x1(n) X1(z) and x2(n) X2(z) Then x1(n)* x2(n) X1(z) X2(z) That is convolution of two sequences in time domain is equivalent to multiplication of their z-transforms. 28. What is z-transform of A ( )? [MAY-95] By Time shifting property, ( ) ( ) -m Then z {A ( )} = Az since z { ( )} =1 29. What is the inverse z-transform of From the standard z-transform pairs, IZT{ }= anu(n), ROC |z| >|a| ? [DEC-95,97]

30. What is the z-transform of . / u(-n)?[MAY -97] Here u(-n)=1 for n Therefore ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) [( )

( ) ] | |

. / 31. Determine the z-transform of x(n)= (n)- 0.95 ( Z{ (n)}=1 and z{x(n-k)} = ( ) Then z-transform of given function will be, X(z) =1-0.95 32. Determine the z-transform of the sequence, ( ) W.K.T ( ) since ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) )[MAY 98]

. /

)[DEC-98]

)=0 for n<1,

( )

( )

let m=n-1, n=m+1 and the limit is when n=1,m=1-1=0 & n= ,m= ( ) ( )
( )

( )

] | |

33. If X(j ) is DTFT of x(n) find DTFT of x*(-n) [DEC-98,MAY/JUNE 2013] By the Symmetry properties of DTFT, If x[n] then ( ), ( ) ( )& )

( ) ( n 34. What is the z transform of the sequence a u(n)? By definition of z-Transform, ( ) ( ) ( ) { ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )+

| |

35. State the sufficient for the existence of DTFT for an aperiodic sequence x(n).[APR/MAY 2010] The sufficient condition for existence of DTFT is, | ( )| i.e., the sequence must have finite energy.

36. Define the shifting property of the discrete time unit impulse function. [APR/MAY 2010] By Time shifting property of z-transform, ( ) ( ) z { ( )} =1 and z { ( z{ ( )}= )}=
| |

ROC: entire z-plane except |z|=0 ROC: entire z-plane except |z|= , a>0[MAY/JUNE 2010]

37. Find z transform of x[n]= Given x[n]= x[n]= W.K.T, , | |

{ , * , ( )+ . / , | | -

{( )

-}

| |

* , -+ ( ) 38. What is the z transform of ( By Time shifting property,

k

( )+

{( )

, | |

-}

) ( ) )? | | | |

( ) Then z { ( )} = z since z { ( )} =1 39. What is the z transform of the sequence ( By standard z-transform pair ( Here k=1, ( ) )

| |

| |

40. Write the properties of ROC of z-transform[DEC-06,MAY-09] 1.If x[n] is causal then ROC is exterior part of circle of radius say r0. 2. If x[n] is anticausal then ROC is interior part of circle of radius say r0. 3. If x[n] is two sided sequence, then ROC is intersection of two circles of radius say r01 and r02. 4.The ROC of X(z) consists of a ring in the z-plane centered about the origin.

PART-B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. What is the ROC? State some properties of Z-transform.(OCT/NOV 2002). Find the inverse Z transform of X(z)=[z+4]/[ -.(OCT/NOV 2002). ( ) (OCT/NOV 2002). Find the Z transform of x(n)= sin How will you evaluate the fourier transform from pole zero plot of Z transform? .(OCT/NOV 2002). Find the inverse Z transform of X(z)=1/[1] for ROC:0.5<|Z|<1. Write down any four properties of Z transform and explain.(APR/MAY 2003). Find Z transform of [u(n)-u(n-10)].(APR/MAY 2003). Obtain the relation between Z transform and DTFT.(NOV/DEC 2003). Find the final value of the given signal W(z)=1/[1+ ] and z transform of cos nt.(NOV/DEC2003). Find the inverse Z transform using contour integral method .Given X(z)=1/[1-a ],|z|>a.(NOV/DEC2003). Find the IZT of X(z)=[1-/ -/[(1- )( 1+ ),|z|>2.(MAY 2004). .Find the Z transform of the sequence X(n)=, - u(n)-[1/4]u(n-1).( DEC 2003). What are the 3 possible sequence whose Z transform is given byX(z)=[8/6 67/12z]/[ /12z+1/2]. .(NOV/DEC2004). .Find the Z transform and its ROC of X(n)=1,n>0 = .(APR/MAY 2005).(APR/MAY 2010) State and prove the convolution property of Z transform.(APR/MAY 2005). Find the DTFT ofx(n)= u(n) and plot its spectrum.(APR/MAY 2004). Determine the DTFT of X(n)=1,for 0 &0,otherwise.(APR/MAY 2005) i).Obtain the Z transform of X(n)=n(n+1)u(n).( DEC 2009) ii). State and prove the convolution property and time shifting property of the Z transform. Determine the inverse Z transform of X(z)=1/((1+ )( ) ,ROC |z|>1.( DEC 2009). a).Find the DTFT of X(n)= ( ) .(MAY/JUN 2010). Use Parsevals theorem for Fourier series tofind the average power in the signal X(t)=3 (2500t)cos(2000 t). State and prove sampling theorem.(MAY/JUN 2010). ( ) (MAY/JUNE 2013). i)Find the Z transform of x(n)= cos ii.)Find the inverse Z transform of X(z)=1/[1] for ROC:|z|>1

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.