NATIONAL GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING (NGCM)

(Field guidelines for sample collecion and preparaion)

!an"a# !ing$
!r% Geologis& Geological !ur'e# of India
Inroducion
Geoogca Survey of Inda has aunched the geochemca mappng on
natona scae or the Natona Geochemca Mappng (NGM or NGCM)
Program n fed season 2001-2002 from regona headquarters. The
mappng of ths nature s a systematc move to be conducted across the
ength and breadth of the country. It w contnue n a systematc manner
and progress from toposheet to toposheet on 1:50,000 scae t the entre
surface area of the country s covered by geochemca sampng. Its main
objective is creation of a database on the geochemical landscape
of the country by measuring 68 elements from the periodic table
wth state-of-the art nstruments capabe owered eve of detecton to
crusta abundance. The end objective of this project is to create a
seamless geochemical map of different elements for the entire
country. Ths program has a great soca reevance. Not ony the chemca
resuts w meet the Internatona Standards but w be used n managng
and deveopng natura resources for beng benefca and appcabe n the
fed of envronment, agrcuture, human heath, mnera ndustry and
other soca concerns. These chemca resuts are extremey benefca and
appcabe n search for hdden mnera deposts as Chna acheved
remarkaby through ther geochemca mappng pro|ects n the fed of new
dscoveres of economc mnerasaton. Neary 66% of new dscoveres of
economc mnerasaton by Chna are attrbuted to the geochemca
mappng pro|ects, whch made them the argest supper for severa meta
and non-meta commodtes n the word snce md nneteen nnetes.
Sequentay, NGCM s a reconnassance scae survey creatng
geochemca andscapes to be foowed by regona scae mappng for
geochemca provenances and then to oca and detaed mappng for
mnera prospectng and envronmenta purposes.
!ampling Media
The man sampng meda for NGCM work are-
(a) Stream sedment or sope wash matera.
(b) So (top-so as R and sub so as C).
(c) Fowng water and
(d) Other optona meda of sampng (dependng on avaabty) are
humus and food pan sampes.
!ream sedimen or slope (as$ maerial
!ampling procedure)
The NGCM program s conducted toposheet by toposheet on
1:50000 scae. Stream sedment or sope wash matera s the man
sampng meda. Stream sedment, whch s seved to -120 mesh sze, to
be coected from frst or second order streams from every one sq. km
area n the toposheet on 1:50000 scae. Where streams are not avaabe,
sope wash matera s to be coected. For ths purpose, before
commencement of the sampng work, 1km x 1 km grd are created n the
toposheet to be mapped under NGCM program, manuay or wth the hep
of modern technooges, startng from the SW corner of the toposheet and
tentatve sampe ponts are ocated n each 1 km x 1 km grd . Every sq.
km area (1km x 1 km grd) n the toposheet s caed a unt ce. The best
1
st
or 2
nd
order stream shoud be choose for markng tentatve sampe
ponts n every unt ce, whch represent the maxmum catchments area n
that unt ce (Fg.1). The samped stream n a unt ce, once samped,
shoud be avoded even f t drans n to other unt ces after |onng other
streams (Fg.2). However, at the northern edge and eastern edge of the
toposheet, compete unt ces coud not be prepared. If these ast unt
ces, whch are numbered as 13 A, 13 C, 26 A, 26 C and so on, have ess
than 0.5 sq Km area, that grd has to be merged wth the prevous unt ce
and f the area s 0.5 sq Km or more than 0.5 sq Km, they w be
consdered as separate unt ces (Fg-3). Therefore, a tota of neary 700
+/- unt ce sampes of stream sedment/sope wash matera w be
prepared and coected from one toposheet, dependng on the area of the
toposheet.
Figure*+) Preferred sream sedimen sample locaion for a uni
cell
Figure*,) !ame sream could no -e sampled again in o$er uni
cell
Preferred sample location Catchment
area
upstream of
sample
location
Area unlikely to be represented in the sample
Area unlikely to be represented in the
sample
Figure*.) (A) Las uni cells in easernmos edge of opos$ee i%e%& +.A
and +.C (ill -e merged in +,/ and +,0 respeci'el#% (/) Las
uni cells i%e%& +.A and +.C (ill -e considered as separae uni
cells% !ame for nor$ernmos edge oo%
(A) (B)


!ample num-ering !c$eme)
As mentoned earer, 1 km x 1 km grdng starts from SW corner and
ends at NE corner n the toposheet. For chemca anayss purposes,
composte sampes representng 2km x 2km ces have been prepared by
mxng the stream sedment/sope wash matera coected from four
ad|acent unt ces, whch are numbered as A, B, C and D as shown n
NGCM-Sampe storage road map-Stage-1. The numberng of composte
sampes w be agan start from SW corner of the toposheet and ends at
NE corner n the toposheet. In ths way, a tota of 182 +/- composte
Preferred sample location
for unit cell B
Unit cell B
B
Preferred sample location
for unit cell D
Preferred sample location
for unit cell A
Avoid this sample location
for unit cell B because this
stream is sampled in unit
cell A and D
Unit cell
12 B
Unit cell
12 C
Unit cell
12 D
Unit cell
12 A
Unit cell
12 B
Unit cell
12 C
Unit cell
12 D
Unit cell
12 A
1 km
1 km
1
C
1
A
Unit
cell
1 C
Unit
cell
1 A
!"" #
1 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
1 km
$"" m
sampes w be prepared and submtted for chemca anayss, dependng
on the area of the toposheet.
The numberng scheme for unt ce s as foows-
Toposheet No./ unt sampe number / medum of sampng / year of
coecton
.e., 45K1/ 1A/ S/ 03 to 45K1/ 1D/ S/ 03 and so on.
The numberng scheme for composte sampes s as foows-
Toposheet No./ composte sampe number/ medum of sampng/ year of
coecton .e., 45K1/ 001/ S/ 03 and so on.
The numberng scheme for unt ce sampes and composte sampes s
gven n NGCM-Sampe storage road map-Stage- I.
!ample collecion)
GPS are used to reach tentatve sampe ponts marked on the
toposheet. After reachng the ste, once agan a sutabe sampe pont ste
for coecton of unt ce sampes s dentfed. After dentfyng the sampe
pont ste n 1Km x 1Km grd (unt ce), stream sedment sampe has to
coect from 3 to 5 paces over a 50 m stretch aong the stream bed of 1st
or 2nd order streams (Fg.4). In case dranage s absent n a ce, sope
wash matera generated by guy eroson has to be coected consderng t
to be 'zero' order stream. Such sampes are usuay coected from three to
fve paces of the sope to make a representatve sampe of the unt ce.
The pre-generated data sheet comprsng coumns for attude, ongtude,
eevaton sampe type, stream order etc. has to be fed at the sampe
coecton ste tsef (Appendx-1).
Figure 1) !ream sedimen sample $as o collec from . o 2
places o'er a 23 m srec$ along $e sream for preparing
one sream sedimen sample
and approprate sampe pont has to be marked f t s dfferent from the
tentatve sampe pont, aready marked on the toposheet. Such coected
stream sedment sampe/sope wash sampe (S) refects the average geo-
genc composton of the catchment area.
!ample Process)
Stream sedment/sope wash sampes are frst seved under the
ordnary pastc seves on transparent pastc sheets and then through
-120 mesh nyon coth seves at sampe pont ste tsef, f the stream s
dry. However, f the stream s wet, 5-7 kg's of sampe s coected and
brought to the fed camp n thck poythene bags. In the fed camp, wet
sampes are sun dred on transparent pastc sheets and seved through
-120 mesh nyon coth seves. Because under NGCM, natura -120 mesh
sze fracton has to coect for sampng purposes, crushng of sampe s
not permssbe. However, deumpng wth soft hands wth the hep of a
wooden hammer coud be done, f requred. Note that mnmum 500
grams of -120 mesh sze sampe from each unt ce are coected and
store n transparent poy bags wth sampe number.
Preparaion of composie sample for c$emical anal#sis)
Unit Cell
cell
% sub&samples from a sin'le stream are mi(ed in e)ual
proportions to prepare one stream sediment sample
%
"
m

s
tr
e
tc
h
For preparng a composte stream/sope wash sampe of 2 km x 2
km, 4 ad|acent unt ce sampes .e., A, B, C and D are requred. These unt
ce sampes (500 grams each) are made nto two parts of 250 grams each
by conng and quarterng. One part (250 grams) s kept as reference
sampe n a 250 grams transparent food grade pastc botte and stored at
operatona head quarters. The other 250 grams of A, B, C and D unt ces
n a 2 km x 2 km grd are thoroughy mxed, coned and quartered and
packed n two food grade pastc bottes of 500 grams each. One such
sampe of 500 grams s sent to geochemca aboratory for chemca
anayss and other sampe of 500 grams s stored at operatona head
quarters (see NGCM-Sampe storage road map-Stage -III and IV).
However, n the easternmost edge, usuay a snge coumn of unt
ces comprsng unt ces A and C occurs n a toposheet. If the area of
ndvdua unt ce s ess than 0.5 sq km, t w be merged n prevous unt
ce for preparng a composte sampe. If the area of ndvdua unt ce s
more than 0.5 sq km, one more composte sampe w be prepared by
mxng the stream sedment/sope wash matera coected from unt ce
A and C. In these unt ces, 750 grams of processed sampe shoud be
coected and made nto two parts of 250 grams and 500 grams
respectvey. One part (250 grams) s kept as reference sampe and other
part (500 grams) w be used for preparng composte sampe. Smary, n
the northernmost edge, the ast row usuay comprses unt ces C and
D. If the area of ndvdua unt ce s ess than 0.5 sq km, t w be
merged n prevous unt ce (C wth A and D wth B) for preparng a
composte sampe and f the area of ndvdua unt ce s more than 0.5 sq
km, t w consdered as ndependent unt ce.
!oil sample)
So s another meda for sampng n NGCM pro|ects. Stream
sedment aso contans ma|or parts of so consttuents but certan soube
eements may go away n souton form. Hence so sampng s aso
mportant to know the geochemca characterstcs of the surface of the
earth.
!ample collecion)
15
So sampes are to be coected wthn 5 x 5 grd ces; thereby
there w be nne sampe stes per toposheet. At each sampe ste, two so
sampes, top Regoth (R) and C-horzon (C) so sampes are to be
coected and therefore there w be a tota of 18 so sampes n a snge
toposheet. After carefu study, sutabe ste s seected wthn the resdua
so deveoped n the 5 x 5 grd ces. The Regoth (R) so sampe s to be
coected from upper horzon/ topso (0-25 cm) avodng the top organc
ayer (<2 cm). It refects varatons n geo-genc compostons of the
uppermost ayer of the earth's crust. The C-horzon (C) so sampe s to be
coected from a 25 cm ayer wthn a depth range of 50 to 200 cm after
avodng top ayer of 25 cm. Comparson of a sub surface so (C) and
regoth (R) woud gve nformaton about eementa behavor n
weatherng process, envronmenta changes affectng and anthropogenc
contamnaton of the top ayer. Durng sampe coecton due care has to
be taken for avodng transported matera and emphass has been gven
on coectng resdua so profe. So sampe coecton was avoded from
the agrcutura ands due to contamnaton of fertzers.
!ample process) The so sampes were smpy de-umped and seved
under -5 mcron seves. A tota of 1 kg sampe has to be coected. One set
of processed C-horzon so and Regoth sampe weghng 500 grams each
w send for chemca anayss and other set of sampes, weghng 500
grams each w be stored n head quarters.
!ample num-ering)
The numberng of so sampes foow same rue as for stream water
sampes. The nne grd of 5 x 5 n a toposheet w be numbered from SW
corner to NE corner of the toposheet as shown n the fgure gven beow.
Figure 2) Num-ering of soil samples in a opos$ee in NGCM
pro"ecs
0
5
10
15
5 10
.
The numberng scheme for so sampes s as foows-
Toposheet No./ grd number / so horzon / year of coecton
.e., 45K1 / 001 / R / 03 to 45K1 / 009 / R / 03 for Regoth and 45K1 / 001 /
C / 03 to 45K1 / 009 / C / 03 for C-horzon.
!ream (aer sample)
Stream water refects nterpay n the geo-sphere and hydrosphere. At the
same tme t s the man source of drnkng water. Ony fowng stream
water sampe s to be coected from a dranage basn <100 sq. km,
preferaby near the same pont where stream sedment sampe has been
coected.
!ample collecion) Stream water sampes are to be coected by a
chemst accompaned by the geoogst. Stream water sampes are
coected from fowng streams n 5' x 5' grds to represent the eementa
dstrbuton of that partcuar dranage basn. The temperature, pH,
conductvty aong wth bcarbonate, cacum and magnesum content of
stream sampe were determned n the fed tsef. Ftered and unftered
water sampes were coected from each ste. Due care was taken to avod
any type of contamnaton durng sampng. Remanng anayss coud be
carred out ether n fed camp /aboratores. The numberng of grds s
same as for so sampes .e., 45K1/ 001 / W / 03 to 45K1 / 009 / W / 03.
007 008 009
004 005 006
001 002
003
Pease refer SOP on NGCM avaabe on GSI Porta for the detaed
procedure of stream water sampng.
The Humus sampe and Food Pan sampes are optona. The deta
of sampng procedure for them coud be obtaned from SOP on NGCM
avaabe on GSI Porta.
4adiomeric sur'e#)
A Scntometer has to be carred out to a the sampe ponts and
the two ter counts have to be recorded for U, K and Th. Usuay the
nstrument detects tota count for radaton (U, K and Th together). The
nstrument has to be kept above knee eve whe recordng the counts.
Instrument generay used:
The ECIL scntometer, Type SM 141 D s a ght weght portabe
radaton survey meter, featurng sod state desgn and deay suted for
radometrc, geophysca and envronmenta reconnassance surveys.
Load batteres to the battery compartment of the nstrument. Press
the push button swtch and observed the readng on the pane. If meter
defecton s beow 0.8, t s ndcatve of Rem-Down" condton of the
batteres. Change the battery wth new one. The meter defecton shoud
be more than 0.8.
Operaton of the nstrument:
SM 141D has smpe operatons. It has ony one contro to set and
ths has three postons-OFF, LOW and HIGH.
OFF: If the contro s set to OFF poston n the nstrument, the
nstrument s swtched off .e. the battery s dsconnected from
the crcut and an eectrca shortng s shown across the pane.
LOW: If the contro s set to LOW poston n the nstrument, t means
nstrument senstvty s ow. The nstrument shows fu scae defecton, f
sub|ected to a fed of 1 m Roentgen (mR) / Hr.
HIGH: If the contro s set to HIGH poston n the nstrument, the
nstrument senstvty s rased ten tmes. In ths poston, the pane shows
fu scae defecton, f sub|ected to a fed of 0.1 mR / Hr.
How to use:
The pane on scntometer s dvded n to subdvson from 0.2 to 1
mR / Hr. Frst, set the contro n "LOW poston. The readng n pane can
be read drecty for tota radaton count. If the defecton s too ow .e.
beow 0.1 mR / Hr, ths mean fed strength for tota radaton s weak.
Change the poston of the contro to HIGH poston. The readng n the
pane shoud be dvded by 10 for exact count for tota radaton.
The unt for measurng tota count for radaton s mR / Hr. It stands for m
Roentgen per hour.
Implemens5e6uipmens re6uired for $e field (or7 are)
* The toposheet n whch work has to be carred out.
* The copy of the toposheet on whch 1 km x 1 km grd and numberng of
grd are drawn.
* Data sheets - for recordng fed data at sampe stes.
*Goba Postonng System (GPS) for navgaton and storng the attude,
ongtude and eevaton of the sampe ponts.
*Dgta camera.
*Marker pens for abeng the sampes.
* - 120 mesh nyon coth used n the fed - sevng -120 mcron sedment
sampes.
* Food grade Pear pet/Sun pet bottes - permanent storage of sampes
(250 m/500m).
* Transparent Pastc sheets for spreadng and coverng wet sampes for
dryng.
* Transparent Pastc scoops for scoopng sedments.
* Transparent Pastc trays and seves - sevng sampes n the fed.
* Transparent Poyethyene bags for carryng sampes from fed to fed
camp.
* Scntometer- measurng U, Th and K count.
* Wooden pcks - takng dred mud from the dry streambed.
* Wooden peste and mortar - de-umpng mud umps.
* Weghng machne - weghng sampes.
* Surgca goves for avodng contamnaton.
* Surgca mask for avodng nhang of fne dust durng processng of the
sampe.
(A the whte or cooress pastc equpments have to be used durng the
sampe
coecton and sampe process at fed camp to avod meta contamnaton)
Important points to be remembered
1. A tota of 3% sampes are to be coected as fed eve dupcate
sampes and numbered accordng to the exstng scheme of numberng
and sent for chemca anayss. These data are to be separatey stored and
act as a check of consstency of chemca data generated and the sampe
eve heterogenety based on the varance component. Smary whe
processng of composte sampes, 3% dupcate sampe need be generated
and separatey numbered and sent for chemca anayss to ascertan the
anaytca eve consstency.
2. Data sheet contans 17 coumns (see data sheet) for recordng varous
nformatons avaabe at the sampe ste shoud be fed at the sampe
coecton ste tsef.
3. Any other nterestng detas can be recorded n the remarks coumn
ncudng the eementa defcency or toxcty reated medca probems n
oca popuaton.
4. A sampe ste to be photographed. Two photographs have to be taken
at every sampe pont at cose and ong vew respectvey.
5. Be carefu regardng contamnaton of the sampe.
Imporan Noe)
Inda can be dvded nto Hmaayan mountanous regons, Indo-
Gangetc-Brahmaputra auva pans, actve and stabzed sand dune
areas of Ra|asthan and the rest-pateau-pan regons south of auva
pans.
In Himala#an mounainous regions, one stream sampe n a grd
of 2 km x 2km has to be coected, processed and submtted for chemca
anayss.
In allu'ial plains, sampe densty s 1 sampe per 4 km
2
. Auva
sampes are to be coected beow pough eve and 2 sampes .e., 1
sampe beow pough eve and one at a depth of 0.50 m at a grd nterva
of 16 km are to be coected.
In deser areas& actve dune areas are not to be samped. In
stabzed dune areas, stream sedments are to be samped n 4 km x 4km
grd. Remove top 2-4cm ayer and coect -5 to +20 mesh sze sampes n
stabzed dune areas. It s advsabe to carry out granuometrc studed to
fx the requred gran sze. In oess areas, norma stream sedment
sampng (-120 mesh) are to be carred out.
In rest of the areas- plaeau*plain regions sou$ of allu'ial
plains* norma stream sedment sampng (-120 mesh) are to be carred
out.
N a i o n a l G e o c $ e m i c a l M a p p i n g
! A M P L E P 4 E ! E 4 8 A T I O N 4 O A 0 M A P
! a g e * I
A B
C D
0 0 1
0 0 2
U n t C e
C o m p o s t e C e
L e f t c o r n e r o f
T o p o s h e e t
T o p o s h e e t N o . 4 5 K / 1
+ % 9 n i c e l l N o ) 1 2 : + 5 + A 5 ! 5 3 . o 1 2 : + 5 + 0 5 ! 5 3 .
, % C o m p o s i e c e l l N o ) 1 2 : + 5 3 3 + 5 ! 5 3 .
G e o o g c a s u r v e y o f I n d a
S a m p e n u m b e r n g s c h e m e
S a m p e n u m b e r n g s t a r t s f r o m S W c o r n e r o f t o p o s h e e t
D m e n s o n o f u n t c e 1 k m x 1 k m
D m e s o n o f c o m p o s t e c e 2 k m x 2 k m
S a m p e c o d e s
S - S t r e a m s e d m e n t s
C / R - S o ( ' C ' h o r z o n , ' R ' R e g o t h )
W - W a t e r
T . S . N o / C o m p s t e s a m p e N o / M e d u m o f s a m p n g / y e a r
! a g e * I I U n t c e s a m p n g
5 0 0 g m s a m p e s c o e c t e d f r o m u n t c e
! a g e * I I I
P r e p a r a t o n o f c o m p o s t e s a m p e
1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D
S a m p e s
5 0 0 g m 5 0 0 g m 5 0 0 g m 5 0 0 g m
W e g h t
2 5 0 g m 2 5 0 g m
( S t o r e d )
2 5 0 g m 2 5 0 g m
( S t o r e d )
2 5 0 g m 2 5 0 g m
( S t o r e d )
2 5 0 g m 2 5 0 g m
( S t o r e d )
M x e d & h o m o g n s e d
C o n n g a n d q u a r t e r n g
! o r e d i n G C M P r o " e c
! e n o $ e C $ e m i c a l L a - %
( 5 0 0 g m )
( 5 0 0 g m )
S a m p e d e t a s f r o m o n e t o p o s h e e t
T o t a u n t c e s a m p e s - 7 0 0 N o ( 1 k m g r d )
T o t a c o m p o s t e s a m p e s - 1 8 2 N o ( 4 k m g r d )
T o t a s o s a m p e s - 9 "C " + 9 "R " = 1 8 ( 5 ' g r d )
T o t a w a t e r s a m p e s - 3 6 N o ( 4 f o r m e a c h 5 ' )
S p t t n g
! a g e * I 8
S a m p l e s t o r a g e a t G C M p r o j e c t l e v e l
* h e u n i t c e l l s a m p l e s + e i ' h i n ' 2 % " ' m s a r e s t o r e d i n a i r t i ' h t n o n & c o n t a m i n a t i n '
t r a n s p a r e n t h i ' h ) u a l i t y p l a s t i c , a r s -
* h e c o m o s i t e s a m p l e s a n d s o i l a n d r e ' o l i t h s a m p l e s + e i ' h i n ' % " " ' m s a r e
a l s o p r e s r v e d i n s i m i l a r p l a s t i c , a r s
A l l t h e s a m p l e s a r e k e p t i n s p e c i a l l y d e s i ' n e d r a c k s i n a d u s t f r e e r o o m -
R a c k f o r t o p o s h e e t 4 ! " #
*
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C o m p o s i t e s t r e a m s a m p l e + e i ' h i n '
% " " ' m s e a c h a n d s o i l a n d r e ' o l i t h
s a m p l e s o f s a m e + e i ' h t
U n i t c e l l s t r e a m s a m p l e + e i ' h i n '
2 % " ' m s e a c h
/ P 0 A 1 2 3 4 5 6
* h e r a c k i s u s u a l l y m a d e o f s l o t t e d s t e e l f r a m e i n + h i c h i n d i v i d u a l t r a y s c o n t a i n '
s a m p l e , a r s c a n b e a d , u s t e d f o r h e i ' h t c l e a r a n c e -
" " 1 " " 2 " " " " ! " " %
7 r e a m s e d 8
9 e ' o l i t h
: C : h o r i ; o n
7 r e a m s e d 8
! a g e * 8 $ l a n o f s a m p l e s t o r a g e r o o m a t G C M p r o j e c t l e v e l ( M % & ' ( ) R & * S I G + )
! % k < 1
! % k < 2
! % k <
! % k < !
! % k < %
! % k < $
! % k < =
! % k < >
! % k < ?
! % k < 1 "
! % k < 1 1
! % k < 1 2
! % k < 1
! % k < 1 !
! % k < 1 %
! % k < 1 $
* h e l o c a t i o n p l a n o f s a m p l e s s h o u l d n o t a l t e r a n d s h o u l d b e ' i v e n a s a p l a t e
i n t h e r e p o r t
! a g e * 8 I R e t r i v a l o f s a m p l e s f o r f , r t h e r s t , d i e s a t a l a t e r d a t e
* h e r e + i l l a r e ' u l a r m e c h a n i s m o f i s s u e o f 1 @ # s a m p l e s f o r f u r t h e r s t u d i e s a n d
a n a l y s i s b y a n i s s u e i n ' a u t h o r i t y a ' i n s t a p r e s c r i b e d f o r m a t / s e e l a t e r 6
1 u m b e r i n c r e m e n t
7 p a c e f o r
m o v e m e n t
THE REVISED PACKAGE FOR ANALYSIS BY DIFFERENT METHODS
THE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ROAD MAP AS SUPPLIED BY DY. DIRECTOR GENERAL, CHEMICAL LABORATORY.
(w.e.f 01-06-06, vie OM !."#1"DDG(GC$"CH%"NGCM"ALLDIRECTORS"06"1#&' ()e )*e, +1"6"06
7A#P04
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4
#4*B.D<
*4CB13C
U4 *. B4
D.00.54
D
404#414*7 *. B4 D4*49#314D
/Detection level in parenthesis6
Appro(
output per
month
A
E9D 7i.2 /1""" ppm68 Al2. /1""" ppm68 De2.
/1""" ppm68 #'. /1""" ppm68 #no /1""" ppm68
1a2. /1""" ppm68 A2. /1""" ppm68 P2.% /1""
ppm6 Ba /%" ppm68 Co /1 ppm68 Cr /1 ppm68 Cu
/1 ppm68 @a /% ppm68 1b /% ppm68 1i /2 ppm68 Pb
/2 ppm68 9b / ppm68 7c /-% ppm68 7r /% ppm68
*h /! ppm68 U / ppm68 2 /2" ppm68 F /% ppm68
Gn /1" ppm68 Gr /% ppm6-
""
B
@D&AA7 Au / ppb6
2""
C
D&AA7 0i /% ppm68 Cs /1" ppm6
1""
D
B@&AA7 As /1 ppm68 7b /"-2 ppm68 Bi /"-1 ppm68 7e /"-1
ppm H6
=%
4
3 7 4 D /1"" ppm6
12%
D
@D&AA7 Cd /"-2 ppm68 A' /"-"2 ppm6 Under
standardis
ation
@
Direct B'&
analyser
/soild6
B' /% ppb6
""
B
3CP&#7 0a8 Ce8 Pr8 1d8 4u8 7m8 @d8 *b8 Dy8 Bo8 4r8 *m8
Fb8 0u /ppb level6
7n /1 ppm6I8 3n /"-" ppm68 Bf /"-% ppm68 *a /"-2
ppm68 #o /"-% ppm6I8 5 /"-% ppm6I8 @e /"-"%
ppm68 Be /"- ppm68 U /"-% ppm6
""
3 DA&
@DAA7
Pt8 Pd /ppb level6
>"
5 /A6 5ater
pB8 4C8 BC.8 Cr8 7.
!
&
8 1.

&
8Ca
2J
8 #'
2I
8 1a
J1
8
A
J1
8 P.
!
&
8 7i.
2
2%
5 /B6 5ater
*race by AA7< 3CP&A47
1""
5 /C6 5ater
B'8 D /upto ppb level6
1""
5 /D6 5ater
As by @ut;ite /ppb level6
1""
REVISED PACKAGE: