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IS 10394 (1982): wooden sleepers for railway track [CED 9:
Timber and Timber Stores]
IS: 10394 -1982
(Reaffirmed 2010
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
WOODEN SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
(First Reprint JANUARY 1998)
UDC 625.142.2
Copyright 1983
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 7 October 1983


IS I 103M 1.2
Indian Standard
SPECIfiCATION FOR
WOODBN SLEEPBRS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
Sectional Committee, DDC9
Cia...."
INiPacTOR GanRAL OP Poa..,..
..",.,in,
Mi nitlry orAsricultunr
In penooal capacity ( C.59, r"UrI*ri, N,UJ D"IIi)
Bihar State Foresta Development Corporation Ltd,
Patna
Forest Government of Uttar Pradeab.,
LuckDow
Federation or Indian Plywood and Panel ladustry,
New Delhi
ExaaUTIvaDluoroa (..41"""'t' )
..... j.S. WATILUlU Directorate General of Technical DevclopmeDc,
New Delhi
SHU P. V. MaRTA (Altmlllt,)
DaA.N. NAY"
SHUJ. N. PAlCDBY
Sual B. M. '.AIA. (AI,.".." )
ADDI110ICAL CRJar CoMDa
VATO. o. Fo ..,.., (AI",..,,)
DtCTOR Indian Plywood IDduatriel Research laltilute,
Bangalore
DJa&CTOa, Foaur !lARCH MID Forat Department. Govel'DJDeDt of Karnatakl.
UftUZATION Banplore
DJ.aGIOR (TUCK) RaUw., Board (Miniltry of Railway. )
JOINT DlUOTOa, CE ( TM) ( .41"",." )
ClIDa V. P. O.ao Naval Headquarten
AlllnAJl'l' INDUSTRIAL
MANAoaa(&""")
SHU B. H. RlNooaANI
SHU K. S. LAULY
M....'
8.RI S. S. ABllYAII&AR Enginee....in.Chief'. Branch, Army Headquarter.
IHRI S. K. GUPTA ( AI,.",.,. )
ADDITIONAL IIIIP&CTOa G.....AL MiDiatry or Alriculture
o.FoUITI
SHaS. K. BAlCBaJZB National Tat HOUle, Calcutta
8Hal D. K. KANUNGO (.(I",." ) .
C..... Corc.aVATOa OFFORUTI Apiculture, Forata and Co-operation Department,
GovemlDcot of GuJarat, Ahmadabad
( Cmrli" .n,."2 ,
Copyril"-' 1989
BUREAU OF IN1JfAN STANDARDS
Tbil publiaatioa il proteclCU UDder tbe I"dla" CDpy,t,,,, At' (XIV of 1957 ) aDd
reproductioD ia.wbole or ia part by aay meaas except with writtea permissiOD ofthl
pubUlb.r ,ban be deemed to be ID iDfriDlemeDt or copyripi uDder lb. laid Act.
IS : 10394 1982
forest Research Institute at Collelci (rrimbel'
Mechanics Branch), Debra Dun
In personal capacity (26 S. B. H. Co'''''.1, P. O.
Sri".,." H;'d,ralJad)
Directorate General of Suppli. and Disposall,
New Delhi
Directorate General of Civil Aviadon (Ministry of
Tourism and Civil Aviation), New Delhi
Director General, lSI ( &-offilio Mimi,,)
n. A. PU.USHOTBA.U
naV. RANOANATHAN
( C."tinu,df'D", ,a" 1 )
M,ml"s R'lr'J",ting
PaUlO.NT Indian Academy or Wood Science, Dellra Dun
GBNERAL SaCaETAay ( AI'""al,)
DRS. K. PUUAYAITHA Forest Research lnatitute & College. (Wood
Anatomy Branch); Dehra Dun
Indian Plywood Manufacturinl Co Ltd, Bombay
In personal capacity (28-e, N. Bl1c, Ma'v!1tJ
Kala, Extn, Silk", Nw D,'hi)
5HRI G. V. RAO Ministry of Defence (R & D)
SHa. U. B, KANCHAM ( AII,rnal,)
OIL R. S. RATRA Building. Organization, New Delhi
RSPRZS&NTATI\'E Ministry of Defence ( DOl)
SRRI J. K. SINHA ( AII,rna', )
SRal S. N. SANYAL
SHRI A. C. SEXHAR
5 F. C. SHARMA
SHa. SHARAN SINOH
SHRI G. RAMAN,
Director ( Civ Enll )
S,er,tory
SHRI}. R. MEHTA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), lSI
Timber Conversion and Grading Subcommittee, DDC 9: 10
C,"""",
SaRI A. C. SalCHA. In perlonal capacity (26 8. B. H. Co10".1, P. o.
9,i".,a" H.1tllrtlHtl)
Mnnb",
OHIEl' CoNIERVATOR OP FORan Forest Department, GoverDment of Himachal
Pradesb, Simla
CONavAToR 0. FOREsn ( AII,rna")
CHIIP CONSERVATOR 0. FosTS Agriculture, Foreltl and Co-opention Department,
Government 01Gujarat, Ahmadabad
ADDmONAL (;HIB. CoN'&RVATOa
OP FORESTS ( .4111"(11' )
GHID CoNI.avATOR 0. FORESTS Forelt Department, Government of West Bensal,
Calcutta
CONaavAToKoP FORun
'DlllECTOR ( TRACK) Railway Board (Ministry of Railway. )
JOII" DIUCTOR, CE (TM ) (
(COlI""'. /M" 27)
2

AMENDMENT NO.1 MARCH 1992
TO
IS 103'4 : 1982 SPECIFICATION FOR WOODEN
SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
( Pages 19 to 21, Appendix A ) - Insert 't'mark against tbe following
timber species:
Albiz;' IebbIc
Albiz;' OtIor.,issi"..
Albizu. procOtl
AIto,eissus l.i/oI;'
ArtoctltpIU leinMu
AfloctlrP'U lillcooduI
Bride'tI spp.
Cetl"'$
biNI'.
Hope. spp. (ollv, ,II." Hope. oJorll'. )
L.,e,stroemi. ",pole"clI
L.gent,oemi. '."ceo"'.
MeslUl fer,..
PoeCilOM"'Oll ;M;CIUIt
femei""li. ptI";cullll.
Vila spp.
(Pages 19 to 21, Appendix A) -Insert tbe following foot-note It pages 19
and 20: '
"These specia .re tbose wbich ue ..aurally durable Mid woods requiriD, DO ,....liw
....IID.DI. provided 001, beal1WOOcl is UIed.'
(CED09)
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India

IS : 10394 1981
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
WOODEN SLEEPERS FOR RAILWAY TRACK
8. FO RE WORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 24 December 1982, after the draft finalized by the Timber Sectional
Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 One of the important uses of wood is as wooden sleepers on the railway
tracks. Although, sleepers of alternate materials, namely, concrete metal,
etc, have also been substituted in place of wooden sleepers, yet under certain
situations there is no substitute for wooden sleepers which will continue to
be used on railway tracks. This standard has, therefore, been prepared to
cover the requirements of wooden sleepers and wooden specials used on
railway tracks. The preparation of the standard on the subject has been
taken up with due concurrence of Railway Board.
0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
in this country.
~ For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS: 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded oft'
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the requirements of wooden sleepers and wooden
specials used for broad gauge, metre gauge and narrow gauge railway
tracks.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 707-1976t
and the following shall apply. For other terms, Fig. 1 shall be referred.
-Rules for rounding off numerical values ( ".u,d).
tGlossary o f t ~ r m applicable to timber technology and utilization (s"orad "fJisi,,.).
,
IS : 10394 1982
FIG. 1 RAILWAY SLEEPER NOMENCLATURB
2.1 Composite Sleeper Index ( CSI ) - It is an arithmetical figure to serve
as a guide for evaluating relative importance of different timber species from
strength point of view for use as railway sleepers. It is obtained by combin-
ing the values of a few basic strength and hardness properties considered
important for use as railway sleepers,
2.1 Defect - An abnormality or irregularity in wood which lowers the life
of a sleeper by decreasing its normal strength.
3.3 DistortioD- It is identified by any deviation in a sleeper from a true
plane surface causing departure from its original plane. It includes bow,
cup, spring, twist, etc ( see Fig. 7).
3.4 Quartered Sleepers - When sawn from a tree of such a .size that at least
four sleepers can be cut from a section, each one of them is known as
quartered sleeper. The heart line in such sleepers, some times, appears at
the corner. This defect is more noticeable in sleepers sawn from trees of
small sections. Owing to its position a split is likely to devolop in the heart
line when the sleeper is in the track ( see Fig. 8).
2.5 Rail Seat - The portion of the full width of the sleeper under a rail or
under a bearing plate which bears the load directly. Its position is fixed
from centre of the sleeper ( see Fig. 2).
1.5.1 The area and the position of the rail seat region from the centre of
the sleeper shall be as given in Table 1.
NOTB - The position of rail sheet relion in standard size .Ieeper. isliven in Fig. 2.
~ Perpendicular Grain Sleeper - A sleeper in which the annual growth
rings as seen at its end face appear nearly at right angles to the width of the
sleeper ( see Fig. 3 ).
1.7 Ruptured EDd - The broken end of a sleeper (se.! Fig. 4 ).
4
IS : 10394 - 1981
TABLE 1 AREA AND POSITION OF RAIL SEAT
( Claus, 2_5.1 and Fig_ 2 )
DIITANCB OP WIDTH OP
GAtJOa POINTS SLItEPEa, B
BaTWaIN Twa
PARALLEL RAILS,
Mill
(em) (em)
DO (167-64) 25
MG ( 100-00) 20
NG ( 76-20 at 18
61-00 )
LBNOTH 0.
RAIL SEAT, S
(em)
33-0
285
28"5
AaBA
(emS)
825
570
'13
POIITION OF RAIL
SEAT REOION
PROU CENTRIt OP
SLaapza
(em)
71-5 104-5
38-5 670
19'0 - 55-5
GAUQE
L B X S
(em) (em) (em) (em)
BG ( 167"6) 275 25 71"5 33
MG (100-0) 180 20 se-s 28-5
NO (762) 150 18 270 28-5
NG (610) 150 18 19'0 20"5
FIG. 2 PosITION OF RAIL SEAT REGION IN
STANDARD SIZE SLEB'ER!

IS : 10394. 1912
FIG. 3 PERPENDICULAR GRAIN SLEEPER
Flo. 4 RUPTURED-END SPLIT AND CRACKS
3. TIMBER SPECIES
3.1 Any of the timber species mentioned in Appendix A may be used for
manufacturing railway sleepers.
3.1.1 Composite Sleeper Index - Index (CSI) of all the species are given
against each ( see Appendix A ) for general guidance. Recommended mini-
mum composite sleeper index for different track positions are given in
Appendix B. CSI of all the species have been derived based on CGS units.
The procedure for calculating the composite sleeper index for various
species is given at Appendix C.
4. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
4.1 Track Sleepers - The dimensions for the standard track sleepers shall as
given in Table 2.
TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS FOR STAI'DARD TRACK SLEEPERS
(Claus, 4.1 )
GAUGB LBNOTB TOL.RANCE Caoa-SECTloNAL TOLANClIM
(em) IN LENGTH, % D,II&MIION. ( em ) CROll-
S&CTlON.%
Broad sauge ( BG)
275
+ to}
25 )( IS
+ lO}
-25 -5
Metre gaule ( MG ) 180 do 20 )( 115 do
Narrow gauge ( NG ) 150 do 18 X IIS do
6

IS : 10394 1'.2
~ Special steepen - The dimensions for special sleepers which include
sleepers used on bridges and crossings shall be as liven in Table 3.
NOTE- For .peciall1eepcn. any size other than those Riven in Table 3 may be supp-
lied u agreed to between the pureher and the supplier.
TABLE 3 DIMENSIONS FOR SPECIAL SLEEPERS
(CIwI f.2)
GAUOB CaO.SEOTION TOLE.AII(2 IN LaNoTH 'rOLERAMeK IN
(em) CaOls-SaCTION. % ( em) LBNGTH,%
+5
,
275, 305, 335 and
+5
,
BC 2S )( 15
- 25)-
onwards varying
- 1'25J
J
by '0 em
28 x 15 do do do
25 X 18 do do do
MG 20 X 13 do 185, 215, 245 and do
onwards varying
by SO em
25 X 13 do do do
20 X 15 do do do
NG 18 )( 13 do do do
20 X 15 do do do
25 X 13 do do do
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Preservati,e TreatmeDt - The sleepers of all the species containing
sapwood and those not indicating with an asterisk mark in Appendix A
shall begiven pteservative treatment as given in IS: .
fi. GRADING
6.1 Railway sleepers shall be of two classes, namely, Class I and Class II,
depending on permissible defects. A sleeper shall be classified as of the
Class II even if it is"of that class in terms of only one defect and is of the
Class I in terms of all other defects. Likewise, a sleeper shall be rejected
if the permissible range in any one-of the defects is exceeded.
6.2 Special sleepers shall of Class I only.
Code of practice for preservation and treatment of railway wooden sleepers
(,,,,tI., p,.aralion).
7
IS : ~ 1982
7. PERMISSIBLE DEFECTS
7.1 Permissible defects for different grades of railway sleepers shall be with-
in the limits given in Table 4.
Non - For ready reference and fuidance some of the common defects occurriDI
in railway Ileepen are illustrated in FIg. 5 to 12.
TABLE .. PERMISSIBLE DEFECTS FOR DI.FERENT GRADEl or
RAlLW.Y SLEEPERS
SL DZcr CLAU I AND SPCIAL CLAII II RAILWAY
No. RAILWAY SLIt.PE SLa..
(I) (2) (3) (4)
1. Centre-heart i) When the depth of.leeper Clamped centre heart on ODC
ClmaU, sound lies between 10 to 13 em, or both end (acca appcarins
and ti,ht for all the centre heart ,ball be anywhere shall be allowed for
cues) only on one end race (,,, track sleepers,
( ,,, Fir. 5 " 6 ) Fil. 5 ) Uld shan be with-
in 50 em for BO, 40 cm
for MG and NG sleeper.
(rom the nearest broad
face.
ii) When the depth of the
Ileeper it 13 to 15 em,
clamped centre-heart (s"
Fig. 6) on one or both
end facel within ~ em of
the nearest broad race
sball be permitted.
iii) When the depth of the
sleeper is over 15 em,
clamped .Dtre-heart any-
where on one or both end
faces sball be permitted.
2.
D"..,
If the decay can be cbilClled Same u Clau I .leeper
down to sound wood within
1 ~ m at the resion of the
rail seat and within 2 cm
ellewhere, it shall not be
treated .1 defect, but the
Ileeper Ihall be rejected if
it e x ~ these limits.
3.
B.", BollI
i) Any number of borer hole Same 81 CJ.. J .leeper
( Inleet attack) made by shot-hole borer
.hall not be considered a
deCect, if these do Dot
appear 011 or under the
rad .eat area.
( CMI..tl)
8

IS : 10394 - 1912
TABLB 4 PERMISSIBLE DEFBars POR DIFFERENT GIlADES OF
RAILWAY SLEEPERS - Cora,tI
SL
No.
(1)
4.
DZRCT
(2)
Knols
(Dia measured
along the minor
axis)
CLASS I AND SpaCIAL
RAILWAY SLEZPERS
(3)
ii) Borer hole up to 13 em
dia shall be permissible,
provided their number
does not exceed one for
every 1000 em' of peri-
pheral area and are pro-
perly pluiged with tbe
lame speciel of timber.
i) Sum of diameters of all
the live or sound knotl
up to 75 em, provided no
single knot il more than
2 5 em in dia, near the
rail scat region, and up
to 75 em dia elsewhere.
shall be permiuible but
they shall not occur in
eluaten so as to reduce
the Itrength of the sleeper
and DO knot .ball fall
WithiDthe spike line. In
cue of apecial .teepen
any number of knoll of
anywhere on the sleeper
Done exceeding 5 em in
dia are permissible provi-
ded they do not fall OD
the spike line.
i1) L.oI' trr Hollow Kn.ts
mall not be permiaaible.
iii) D J ~ Dr UtUDlUltl K,."
shall not be permissible.
9
CLAD JI RAILWAY
SLap....
(4)
Borer hole up to 2'5 em dia
provided their number doe.
not exceed one under the rail
leat region and up to 50 em
dia elsewhere shall be permi..
sible provided these do not
occur in clusters and art pro-
perly plugged with the lame
lpecies of timber.
Sum of diameters of knoll in
the rail seat region shall not
exceed 7' 5 em and no sinlle
knot sball exceed 2'5 em in
dia. Elsewhere any number
of knots up to 10 em dia pro-
vided they do not fall on the
.pike line and do not occur in
clusters to reduce the normal
strenglh of the sleeper.
No loose or hollow knot shall
be permissible under the rail
leat. but any number of knots
elsewhere, none exccedins
10 em in dia, shall be permia-
sible provided these are
properly plulled with the
lame species of timber.
Decayed and unsound kDob
.ball not be permissible under
the rail seae, but afty Dumber
of knots elsewhere, DODe
exceediDI 10 em in dia, shall
be permissible provided thae
are properly plulled with the
aame species of timber after
lCoopi out the decay.
( C"",iltwt#)

18":103M 1912
TABU f PEIlMIIIIBLB DBFBCTI I'OR _IFIBRBNT GaADEI OP
IlAILWAY ILDPERS- C."td
SL
No.
(I)
5_
6.
7.
DUBCT
S,."
( ",Fil .)
CLAY I AND SPECIAl. CLAII II RAILWAY
RAILWAY SUEPa. Sua....

Pcrp:ndicular ,rain sleeper Same al for Clasl I sleeperl.
with perpendicular srain even
on ene face aDd not contain-
ins centre-beart shalr not be
permitted.
Deviation on measured di- Same .. for Claa I sleepen.
mensions due to warp shall
not exceed the limits men-
tioaed in (a) to (d),
a) '#Wi., - With a atring Same as for Clua I lleepen.
Itretched from end to end
aloDI the middle of the
narrow face, the maxi-
mum depth
from horizontal Ihan not
cxeccd065 em per 30 em
lenl'h ofsleeper.
b) C., -Willa a Itrailht Same as for Clul I .leepen.
edle laid anlwhere alool
tbe width 0 the sleeper,
the maximum depth from
the horizon tal shall not
exceed I' em.
c) BtHIJ - With a string
stretched from end to end Same as for CI... I Ileepen_
alonl the middle of the
broad lace, the maximum
depth lrom the.horizontal
shall not exceed &65 cm
per !Oem lenfor track
Iteepen and 0-50 em per
30 cm lenllh subject to
maximum or em for
.peai....
d) T";', - Permi.ible if Same .. for CI I aleepen.
adziDI up to 0-65 em
NIDOYeI the diatoniea.
Heart line viaible either oa the Same u '01 CJua I .lecpen.
narrow race or on tile broad
'ace or aleeper2S-S X "-'em
and more in cl'OII-leCtionaball
nol be coaaiclered a clcrcci.
Heart line llaal1not be per-
millible ill aleepen or IIMIler

10
IS : 10394 1981
TABLE oj .BaMlSIIBLE DD'ECTS FOR DIFrSRENT GRADES or
RAILWAY SLU.BR8 - Co"ttl
SL DSI'BCT
No.
(I) (2)
8. Ru,,.,,tJ
9_
Stili-Wood
(4)
CLASS II RAILWAY
SLaaPERS
Heart split line with ita points
of maximum depth Iyin. be-
yond 40 em from either edle:
and in case heart split line
touching one edge, bu t be-
yond 75 em from the other
edit: maximum depsh aball
not exceed 75 em for BO
6-5 em for and NG.
(3)
CLASS I AND SPECIAL
RAILWAY SL&&PERS
Ruptured end Dot permiuible. Same as for Class I sleepers.
i) It .hall not exceed 25%1
of any surface dimension I
under the rail seat and I r .hall not exceed of any
33% for track lurface dimension under the
and bridle sleepers, I rail and 50% elsewhere.
ii) Sleepers meant for use on rUnlimited upwood aball be
crOllings .hall Dot con- for track sleepers
tain more than provided they are properly
sapwood for a distance treated. .
up to !O em from eitherJ
end and 33% elsewhere,
iii) Where wane occurs in a Same u (or Class I sleepen.
leeper .um total of the
actual measure of the
wane and lapwood sball
not exceed the prescribed
limits (or sapwood.
i) Cracks alonl the grain Same as for Olatl I .leepers.
.hall not occur on the
.pike line, elleWbere tbeae
.ball be permitted pro-
vided the lum of.ll tbe
cracks does not exceed
75 em in _Ida . and
0-71 em in width.
ii) Cracb across the IraiD Same .. for Claas Illeepen
ball be 01any 1enlth but
sball not exceed 02 cm in
width.
i) Heart split anywhere on Same u for Cl.. I sleepen.
heart aide broad race
.ball not exceed 13 em
in depth.
ii) Heart .plit liDe with tile
points and maximum
depth 'yinS beyond 4-0cm
from either cd.; and in
cale heart split line
toucbinl one cdlc, but
beyond 7.5 em from the
otbcr cdlC, maximum
depth shan not exceed
65 in for BG and 5 em
for MG and NG.
S,lils
( on broad aDd
Darrow (aca and
clamped in the
end face)
(I" FiS. g)
C,GCks
( on the broad
aDd narrow
racel)
(II' Fi,. 9)
II.
10
II

IS : 103'4 1981
TABLE 4 PERMISSIBLE DEFECTS FOR DIPnRENT GIlADBS OF
IlAILWAY SLEEPERS - C,ntd
SL
~
(1)
DarECT
(2)
CLASS I AND SPECIAL
RAILWAY SUEP...
(3)
CLAD II RAILWAY
SLEBPS
(4)
12. ShDktl
( on end race.)
(SI' Fig_ 10)
13. SloPI ofera;"
iii) No other splits shall No other splits shall exceed
exceed 2-5 em in length 4"0 em in leDlth per 30 em
per 30 em lengtb or the length of the sleeper and lap
sleeper and gap shall not .hall Dot be more thaD
be more than 0-50 em. 0-65 em.
i) Any number of cup Same as for Clua I sleeper
shakes permissible pro-
vided the cup shake doe.
not exceed 75 em in
leDgth of the are and not
extending to 5 em of any
edge and shall not be
more than one in the
same growth ring.
ii) Cup shakes not more Same as for Cia I sleepere,
than 1"5em in depth and
do not fall within SO em
from the end of the sleeper
which are not visible in
the end face but appear
as parallel cracks on the
heart side broad face
shall be permissible.
iii) Any number of clamped Same aI for C1us I sleeper
heart, radial and .tar
shakes shall be permis-
sible.
iv) All t y p ~ s of permissible Same u {or CI... I .Ieepen.
crack_, shakes, splits, etc,
shall be such tb.t they
do not fall and are Dot
likely to extend in the
near future towards spike
IiDC_ All heart, radial and
star shakes .hall be
clamped.
The slope grain when meuu- Same (or CI I .Ieepen.
red by standard templatel
ahan not exceed I in 15 on
the broad face and 1 in 30 on
the narrow faee.
( C""Ii",.,)
12

IS ; 10394 Ita
TAaLK t 111.18... DEW&CTI FOR DIFFERENT GRADES OF
RAILWAY ILEEPERS - C.ntd
Sl.
No.
(1)
14.
15.
Daner
(2)
Wa,
(Measured along
lunace in cIirec
dOD at ript
aDlles to cbe
leapof tbe
sleeper. )
( ", Fi,. 11 )
Wiula' H,."
eI" Fil. 12)
CLASS I AND SPBCIAL
RAILWAY SLEEPERS
(3)
i) The wane shall not
exceed 12% of the aurface
eIi.ensiona under the rail
Ieat and 15% elsewhere
for track and bridge
sleepers.
ii) The wane shall not exceed
25% lor a distance of
30 em from either end
and up to 15% elsewhere
for croSliDS and special
sleepen.
i) Sleepers with winding
beart in which the heart
line it not vilible
throulhout ita coone or
in which it appean in
both tile bnad faces or
at the rail leat I'qioD
Iball be rejected.
ii) Heart line appcariDi only
on alae narrow &ee. but
not more than 25 em
away from the laeart aide
aball be permitted.
CLAIS II RAILWA'
SLItI.PERS
(4)
The wane shall not exceed
15% oftbe surface dimension
under the rail leat and 25%
elsewbere for track and bridge
sleepers.
Same as (or Class I sleepers.
Same &s for Class I sleepers.
Heart line appeariq only on
the ~ w race INt not lDore
thaD 40 em away (rolD the
heart aide shan be permitted.
8. INSPECTION
1.1 The inspection of track sleepers and specials of all gauges shall
be carried out as given in Appendix D or as .Ireed to between the parties
concemecl.
9. MAKING
'.1 Each sleeper shall be engraved with the identification 'Code 1etten,
indicating timber species and tbe year of laying_ For example SAL sleeper
laid in 1980shaUbeengraved as'S 80'. Code letters for various species
are liven at Appendix A.
13
ISI 103N Ita
9.1.1 The sleeper may also be marked with Standard mark.
..1.2 The use of the Standard Mark is govered by the provisions of the
Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and tbe Rules and Regulations made
thereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of
Standard Mark may be gnnted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained
from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
FlO. 5 CENTRE-HEART NlAR ONE ~ FACB
Flo. 6 ClAMPBD CeNTRE-HEART SLEBPIR
14
-..........-=:::::..._. __._._- --
7A CROOK OR SPRING
&------------1
18 CUP
r:._.
7C tWIST
~
70 BOW
Flo. 7 WARP ( DISTOaTION )
J5
IS: 1.4-1982
I. QUARtERED SLEePIII
END YlIW
I' QUARnEREO SLEEPER END CRACK
EXTENDED ON THE SMALL PACE
Pia. 8 QUAItTEIlED SLDPEIt
16

IS : 10394 198J
9A CLAMPED END SPLITS
.........
99 RUPTURED END SPLIT AND CRACK
9C HEARl SPLIT
FIG. 9 SPLITS AND CRACKS
11
IS : 1.394..198%
StAR SHAKE
FIG. 10 SHAICES
RADIAL
SHAKE
l1A SINGLE ROUND
11C DOUBLE WANE
118 SINGLE WANE
110 DOUBLE ROUND
Flo. 11 WANE
18
IS : 103941 - 1912
12A WINDING HEARl
(BROAD FACE TO NARROW FACE)
12B WINDING HEARl
(BROAD FACE 10 BROAD FACE)
FIG. 12 WINDING HEART
APPENDIX A
( Clauses 3.1 and 9.1 )
TIMBER SPECIES SUITABLE FOR RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Bolall"'" H"ml
Standard Trad, C.",posit, Co.
HIlm6
Su,,,,
ult"J*
Index (CS/)
.{no""/Ju.r
mundani 87 MD
'bizitJ lI6.de
kokko 78 KK
t.41bida odoratissi",a
kala-liris 111 KS
Al6iz.ia pr"ira
safed-.iris 80 KR
Allin';' ,xc,lsa
jutili 104
JT
-TheM are different from thOle liven in IS: 1150-1976 Trade namel and abbreviated
Iyanboll for timber species ( r,vision ).
fThese speclee are sliShtly difficult to treat aDd aa luch require incilion before treat-
ment.
19
IS : 10394 1981
B,'anital Name Trad, Composite Codl
Ndme
Sleep" L,tlns
Ind,Je ( CSJ)
.Am,.r" .pp. amarr (Jail) 66 LL
AnD"uslIS ltJlifDI," axlewood ( bakh ) 103 AW
.drlH"rJl"' ,II"/lltJmd
chaplash 65 CP
Artoear,,,,IIlrs,,',,,' aim 79 AN
A"'",rlus Ifllcooe"a lakooch 62 LK
Brid,li. Ipp. kassl 65 KI
C41ojJla.J11umspp. poon 75 PN
CtlsltlNJ/Isu spp, Indian chestnut 70 HG
(Hlngorl)
C,drru dI,ara deodar 63 D
CII"k,tll.tI v,I,,',na ( Syn. C. <.hlckru.y 74 OS
Itlbularis)
Cullm'd rlJJayroana ( 5yn. C. karanJ 74 PL
"CllID)
DzI'miD spp,
dillema 69 DT
Di/l'"oetlrlJuS maerotarpus halloDr 80
HL
spp. ( other than gurJan 73 G
mametlf'/Jtls )
Or'"'l(/, ','aifolra
dhaman 108 DM
H.,...-.. b,nDla anjan 103 A
.pp. ( other than Hop,a hopra 142 HP
o'a)
Ir.",.."tJra" p"."." spp,
pincy ( koJavu ) 68
KV
( 5yn. HilrlUJi,k'll /J."ntl'tl )
lA''''''OImi" h1/101,uca
pymrna 63
PJ
t L.,,,s"oemra 1lIlItlOia'a
benteak 79 BT
lA""t"""ia ,a,[Vio,a
lendi 80 LD
LIlC",..",'4 sp",.su ( Syn.
L. J.rul 73
JR
osn-l1 nae)
Mtl",.fira spp.
mango 67
AltI,.alk",a .pp.
bulletwood 131 PW
MIJItillDtJ ,ol)tlfldra ( Syn pUlL! 116
PC
C"...,lra fHJltilndra )
j""n
mesu: 157
t\J..
.Thele arc d.Ocrent from thole liven III 1'5 1150-1976 Trade names and abbreviated
symbols for timber speere {s,(O"J '(I U'.").
tTheae 'pecles are those \\ hich arc naturally durable bard woods requiring no preserve-
tl\C trealnlent, prov ided (Jut) heartweod as used
20
IS: 113M-Ita
,1x..,
T,.4,
e-.,.;"
e.
N".,

"....
1P....,l,.-. pali
74
PI
1'..,."."" .."". ban.p 162
Sy
""$ru6""Aii
chir
48
C
" ..... IM. ( Syn P
red bo.bwe 100
BL
......"".) ..
..'lUjIi...
biJual
84
VG
Sdillltl ..llillai chilauDi
65
SW
&AWMrG ,110. (SYD. S. kuaum 114-
PU
lriju,. )
''''''11 lUI..i,,,
mall
57
Mit
,ohlltJ sal
110

spp,
padri 82
PA
tS.,qpm Ipp. jUDaD
95 IN
T"';",,1;' .,jlllM .rjun
84 AR.
T""..uli. ''''im
baber. 77 TN
TirwriIuIli" hUll"", ( sapwood ) while chUla.m 79 we
T".".inal'a ,1,,6.111 myrobalan 117 KD
T"",iulNlIIlIIIii black chullam 101 BG
TmnilltllitJ m";"'"
hol1ock 63 HK
T" ...Ii. IM.I.",
kindal 88 PM
T"';III1IN".".
white bombwe 68 BM
T"""M",... (8yn T. eoritJe'tI
laurel 103
" T. erm."'" )
Vilalpp. milia 125 ML
.,..,,.
inal 120 I
Nora 1 - For cla.mealion oftilDber .pee"refeNDCC lDay be made of IS: 3911161
Clulilcadon of conuncrcial timben and their zonal distribution (,..).
NOD 2 - Fir and 1'&11, which havc OSI leu than thc pracribccl !imia (,.
Appendix 8) may be accepted in IpeciaI cues by tbe purchaser.
Tbae are di.crcnt from tbOie pven in IS : 1150-1976Tradc nama aDd abbreviated
Iymbols for timber lpeCi. <._,Mi_).
tTMa. apeci. are ali.hdy dilic"h 10 "., anel u such require iaciaion bereN treat
m.t.
tn..e lpeci. are tbole wlUcla are nalurally durable bani woodl requiri.. no pr...
atige treatment, proYlded only heartwood it UICd.
21
IS : 10394 19b
APPENDIX 8
(Clause 3.1.1 )
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM COMPOSITE SLEEPER INDEX
FOR DIFFERENT TRACK POSITIONS
81 Track Position
No.
I. Ordinary track sleepers
2. Special sleepers for bridges
3. Special sleepersfor crossings
Composite Sleeper
Index (CSI)
48
103
88
APPENDIX C
(Clause 3.1.1)
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE COMPOSITE
SLEEPER INDEX
c-r. PROCEDURE
C-l.1 The CSI is obtained from a suitable combination of the following
properties with certain adjustments and weishtages :
a) The general strength figure both for green as well as dry timber at
12% moisture content S, and
b) The general hardness figure both for green as well as dry timber at
12% moisture content..... ,H by the formula:
CSI- S+
C-J.2 'S' is based on the Breen and dry values of :
a) Modulus of rupture ( static beading ),
b) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( static bending),
c) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( impact bending ),
d) Maximum crushing stress ( compression parallel to grain ), and
e) Fibre stress ~ t elastic limit ( compression parallel to grain ).
el.3 'H' is based on' the green and dry value of :
a) Fibre stress at elastic limit ( compression perpendicular to Sfain ),
b) End hardness,
22

IS : 10394 ltD
c) Radial hardness, and
d) Tangential hardness.
C-l.4 Based on the above formula, the CSI has been worked out for' a
number of Indian species for use as sleepers ( see Appendix A).
APPENDIX n
( Claus, 8.1 )
INSPEC110N OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS
0.1. INSPECTION
D-I.l Inspectionof sleepers shall be carried out as under.
D-l.1.1 Inspection of sleepers in green condition shall not be done.
Inspection shall be carried out at least two months after conversion; and it
may be insured that the sleepers are not exposed to rains durin. the inter-
veningperiod.
0-1.1.2 Water borne sleepers shall be allowed to dry in the yard for at
least one month before inspection. This period may be reduced to between
1S to 30 days during hot season.
D-l.1.3 All sleepers shall be cleaned of mud, dirt and plaster, if any,
from tho end faces before inspection.
0-1.1.4 Sleepers shall be spread with the heart side up and on supports
parallel to one another.
D-I.I.S All sleepers shall bear the contractor'. idontification mark.
0-1.1.6 Clamps, when necessary, shall be in accordance withAppendix E
dod shall be properly fixed.
0.1.1.7 Lengths longer than those permissible shall be cut off.
D-l.1.8 In the case of specials, dimensions of eachsleepershall be marked
in the middle of the broad face in white figures in the order of length,
width and thickness.
NOTa - For convenience, steepen of the same size .hall be placed in ODe lot.
0-1.1.9 The inspectingofficer shall examine all facesof each sleeper. He
mayemployany meanshe considersnecessary to satisfyhimselfthat slteperl
conform to the specifications laid down in the standard.
Passed and rejected sleepers shall be marked separately.
23

IS : 103M- 198J
D-l.I.IO Previouslyrejected sleepers shall not be offered for re-inspection.
n-l.1.11 The contractor shall put a small identification mark near the
in.pecting officers mark of acceptance.
))'1.1.1J On the conclusion of an inspection, the contractor shall live
to the inspecting officer a certified list showing details of all sleepers
passedand rejected.
D-1.l.13 Transport and storage of passed sleepers shall be carried out as
per the instructions of the inspecting officer in accordance with the supply
agreement.
D-I.I.14 In the event of dispute on the standard of inspection, the
opinion of the authority specifiedin the supply agreement shall be final.
APPENDIX B
(Clause D-l.I.6)
REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL CLAMPS FOR
WOODEN SLEEPERS
-1. SCOPE
&-1.1 This Appendix covers the requirements, methods of sampling and
tests for steel clamps used with wooden sleepers in railway track.
E-2. MATERIAL
E-2.1 The clamps shall be manufactured from ateel conforming to grade
St. 42-1079 of IS : 10791971.
E-2.1.1 When steel proposed is not as per grade St. 42-1079 of IS : 1079-
1973*, its detailed specification shall be mentioned with the prior approval
of the purchaser.
1:-3. MANUFACfURE
E-3.1 The sheets from which the clamps are manufactured, shall be sheeted
instrips to the required width and one side chamferedto form an edge to
facilitate it being driven into wood. It shall then be bent accurately to tho
dimensions and tolerances -shown in Fig. 13 and shall be free from im-
perfection and heavy scales.
-Specification for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip Cllairtl,mslo. ).
24
IS : ~ -1981

't' CLAMP
',. CLAMP
T*1
Jo-- I.
16
T" CHAMFeR
20
L
ClIO" SECT.ON
0' CLAM"
GAUO&
.A B
mm mm
BG 130 40
MG 100
I
20
NO 100 20
All dimension. in millimetre..
Flo. 13 'Ct AND C S' CLAMPS FOR WOODEN SLEEPERS
25
IS : 10394 1912
&-4. TESTS
.4.1 A minimum of six clamps or 01 percent of the lot/batch offered for
inspection, shall beselected at random for dimensional check.
E-4.1.1 The test clamps after havin. been checkod with gaugos for
correctness of shape and contour shall be subjected to tests under 1:-4.1
and E-4.3.
4 ~ Flttl81 Tilt - The test shall be carried out on at least 6 clamps. The
chamfered side of the clamps shall be driven into the 'cress-section of the
sleeper that theothor side of the clamp become. flush with the sleeper. The
bearing surf.. shall be in the appropriate planes and there shall be no
appreciable twist or lido way distortion in' the finished clamps.
E-4.3 Ap,lleaUoaTest - The test clamps, which have passed the fitting telt
( E-4.2) shall further be capable of beinl driven in sleepers at least three
times. one after the other without any sipiftcaDt distortion in its oripnal
Ihape.
E-5. RE-TESTS
&-5.1 Should any ose of the test clamp first selectedfail to pass anyone of
the tests specified in E.... two further samplos shall be selected from the
same lot for tostinl in respect of each failure. Should the test clamps from
both these additional samples paSSt the clamps represented by the test
aamplea shall be deemed to complywith the requirement of that particular
teat. Should the teat clamps from either of these additional samples fail,
the lot represented by the test clamps shall be deemed as not conforming to
this lpecification and sllall berejected.
U. PROTECTION
I'A.t All clamps IhaD bedipped in hot boiled linseed oil conforming to
IS : 771l16 after they have been inspectedand approved and shall not be
packed until the oil hu dried toan ela,tic filmfree from tackiness.
-'pccificatioD ror Ii"- oil, boiled for pai... ( _. '''''.11 ).
26
IS : 103,. 1982
Forest Reaeareb Institute at Collegel ( Loainl
Branch ). Debra Dun
Forest Research Institute at Colleges (Timber
Mechanics Branch), Dehra Dun
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (Ministry of
Tourism and Civil Aviation ), New Delhi
Miniscry of Defence ( DGI )
R.,",,.,;,,,
Himachal Pradesh Forata Leueea Association, Simla
Forel' Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh,
Lucknow
Directorate General of Technical Develop ment ,
New Delhi
SUR. F. C. SHARMA
SHR.J. K. SINHA
S8RI OULAM ALAY ( AI",.." )
SHa, R. T. SOMAIYA Bombay Timber Merchants Auociation. Bombay
SHR. JIMMY WADIA (.Alt,mall)
SHalj. S. MATHARU
SURl P. V. MaHTA ~ l t l r n t )
O.'lcaa-IN-CHAaOE
SURI S. S. RAJPUT
( C.tilllUtI (r,. lei' 2 )
M..b,rs
SHRI Y. P. CARO
SHRI B. H. HINGOaANI
27

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 BahadurShahZa'ar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones 3230131,3233375,3239402
Fax 91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399,91 11 3239382
32376 17
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(Commonto all Offices)
Telephone
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Centr.' Labor.tory:
Plot No 2019, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area. Sambabao 201010
Regional Offices:
Central ManakBhavan, 9 BahadurShah Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
-Eastern 1/14 CIT Scheme VII M, VI P Road,Mamktola, CALCUTTA 700054
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MUMBAI 400093
Branch Offices:
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Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore..Tumkur Road,
BANGALORE 560058
Gangat" Complex, 5th Floor Bhadbhada Road,T T Nagar, BHOPAL 462003
Plot No 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001
Kalalkathlr BUildings, 670 AVlnashl Road, COIMBATORE 641037
Plot No 43, Sector 16 A, MathuraRoad, 121001
Savltn Complex, 116 G T Road, GHAZIABAD201001
53/5 Ward No 29, RG Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003
5-S..S6C, L N GuptaMarg, NampallyStationRoad, HYDERABAD500001
E52, Ctutarsruan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR302001
117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar KANPUR208005
Seth 8hawsn, 2nd Floor, BehindLeelaCinema, Naval Krshore Road,
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT BUilding. SecondFloor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR440010
Pathputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013
Institutionof Engineers(Ind.a) BUilding 1832 ShlV8JI Nagar. PUNE 411005
T.C. No 14/1421, Umverslty PO Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034
550 1348
8394955
554021
403627
210141
8288801
8-711996
541137
20 1083
372925
21 6876
238823
525171
262305
323635
621 17
Sales Off.ce.s at 5 Chownnghee Approach, PO Pnncep Street,
CALCUTIA 700072
t Sales Office IS at NoveltyChambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007
*Sales Office IS at eF' Block, Unity Building, Narash.maraJ8 Square,
BANGALORE 560002
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3096528
2223971
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