Name:

Class:

Fruit and Seed Dispersal

Investigation 13.1 To examine wind-dispersed fruits and seeds

Procedure
1. Make a large, labelled drawing of the fruits provided in the space below.

Angsana fruit Magnification = X

Shorea fruit (if available) Magnification = X

Tridex fruit Magnification = X

2.

(a)

State the common features of the fruits that make them suitable for wind dispersal.

(b)

What functions do these features play in dispersal?

(c)

State which part of the fruit and how it is modified to serve such functions:

Angsana Tridex Shorea

3.
.c.

Make a large, labelled drawing of the seeds provided.

Seed of Tecoma or African tulip Magnification = X

Lagerstroemia seed Magnification = X

4.

How are the seeds modified for wind dispersal?

5.

State 2 reasons for the dispersal of seeds.

(a) (b)

Name:

Class:

Investigation 13.2

To examine seeds dispersed by explosive mechanism

Procedure
1. Make a large, labelled drawing of the legume of Clitoria.

Legume of Clitoria (T.S.) Magnification = X

2.

Cut the long bean transversely in the region of the seed. You may need to cut a few times until you can see the whole seed with its stalk attached to the fruit. Make a large, labelled drawing of the cut surface.

Legume of long bean (T.S.) Magnification = X

3.

What would you consider to be the method of dispersal of the seeds of the legume you have drawn?

4.

What features of the legume of Clitoria make it suitable for this method of dispersal?

5.

Split a peanut fruit in half along its length. Remove one seed. Split the seed into its natural halves. Replace one half of the seed still with the plumule and radicle attached into the fruit. Make a large, labelled drawing of half the fruit (sectional view).

Sectional view of a peanut fruit

Questions
1. What is the main food substance stored in the peanut seed?

2.

List the functions of this food substance in the seed?

Name:

Class:

Investigation 13.3

To examine fruits and seeds dispersed by animals (I)

Procedure
1. Make a large, labelled drawing of the fruits provided in the spaces below.

T.S. of tomato Magnification = X

L.S. of tomato Magnification = X

T.S. of cucumber Magnification = X

T.S. of orangellime Magnification = X

2.

How are the seeds in the specimens you have drawn dispersed by animals?

3.

What features of the specimens indicate the method of dispersal?

4.

What features indicate that they are fruits?

5.

Cut the banana fruit transversely. Cover the cut surface with iodine solution and leave this aside for 5 minutes. Use the other cut surface and make a large, labelled drawing of it.

T.S. of banana fruit Magnification = X

6.

After at least 5 minutes examine the effect of the iodine solution on the cut surface of the banana fruit. Draw a sketch (not a detailed drawing) to show the effect of iodine (i.e., the distribution of colour) on the fruit.

Sketch of T.S. of banana fruit to show colour distribution

7.

Describe the effects of the iodine solution (i.e. the distribution of colour) on the cut surface of the banana fruit and say what this indicates.

8.

Investigation 4.3 shows that the banana fruit contains reducing sugars. How do the starch test and Benedict's test help you to understand the usefulness of banana fruit to Man?

Name:

Class:

Investigation 13.4

To examine fruits dispersed by animals (III

Procedure
1. Make a large drawing of each of the fruits provided.

Spear grass/love grass Magnification = X

Urena fruit Magnification

=X

2.

How do you think the fruits are dispersed?

3.

In Investigations 13.3 and 13.4, we studied two groups of fruits.

(a)

How are these two groups alike?

(b)

How are they different?