Thin-Shell Wormholes From The Regular Haywardregular Black Hole Seminar

Introduction Hayward regular black hole Stable thin shell wormhole Some models of exotic matter supporting the
er supporting the TSWH Conc

Thin-shell wormholes from the regular Hayward
regular black hole
M.Halilsoy, S.H.Mazharimousavi, A.Ovgun
Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus
December 18, 2013
M.Halilsoy, S.H.Mazharimousavi, A.Ovgun EMU
Thin-Shell Hayward BH
Introduction Hayward regular black hole Stable thin shell wormhole Some models of exotic matter supporting the TSWH Conc
Overview
1 Introduction
Abstract
2 Hayward regular black hole
Magnetic monopole a source for the Hayward black hole
3 Stable thin shell wormhole
4 Some models of exotic matter supporting the TSWH
Linear gas (LG)
Chaplygin gas (CG)
Generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG)
Modied Generalized Chaplygin gas (MGCG)
Logarithmic gas (LG)
5 Conclusion
Abstract
In the rst part of the paper we reconsider the Hayward
regular black hole in 4-dimensional spherical symmetric static
spacetime with the source of nonlinear magnetic eld.
In the second part of the paper we establish a spherical
thin-shell with inside the Hayward black hole and outside
simply Schwarzshild spacetime.
The Surface stress are determined using the Darmois-Israel
formalism at the wormhole throat.
We analyze the stability of the thin-shell considering linear
gas(LG), chaplygin gas(CG), phantom-energy or generalised
Chaplyggin gas (GCG), modied generalized chaplygin
gas(MGCG) and logarithmic gas(LG) equation of states for
the exotic matter at the throat.
In the last part of the paper we establish a thin-shell wormhole
in the Hayward regular black hole spacetime and show the
stability regions of potentials.
Singularity of black hole is an acknowledged diculty in general
relativity. At the singular point, the curvature will be divergent, so
it means all the physics laws fail at the point. Firstly Bardeen then
Hayward proposed a new idea to avoid the singular point.
The spherically symmetric static Hayward nonsingular black hole
introduced in is given by the following line element
ds
2
=
_
1
2mr
2
r
3
+ 2ml
2
_
dt
2
+ (1)
_
1
2mr
2
r
3
+ 2ml
2
_
1
dr
2
+ r
2
d
2
(2)
in which m and l are two free parameters and
d
2
= d
2
+ sin
2
d
2
. (3)
One particular boundary that captures the idea of a black hole and
that can be dened locally is the so-called Trapping Horizon
[Hayward, 1994], dened as the boundary of a space-time region in
which initially divergent light rays eventually converge. This
boundary can be located by investigating the behaviour of light
cones in the region.
Figure: A trapping horizon foliated by marginal surfaces is shown here.
Inside trapped regions outwardly directed light signals momentarily fall
inwards.
The metric function of this black hole f (r ) =
_
1
2mr
2
r
3
+2ml
2
_
at large r behaves as Schwarzschild spacetime
lim
r
f (r ) 1
2m
r
+O
_
1
r
4
_
(4)
at small r behaves as de-Sitter black hole
lim
r 0
f (r ) 1
r
2
l
2
+O
_
r
5
_
. (5)
The curvature invariant scalars are all nite at r = 0 . The
Hayward black hole admits event horizon which is the largest real
root of the following equation
r
3
2mr
2
+ 2ml
2
= 0. (6)
Setting r = m and l = m (x) becomes
3
2
2
+ 2
2
= 0 (7)
which admits no horizon (regular particle solution) for
2
>
16
27
,
one horizon (regular extremal black hole) for
2
=
16
27
and two
horizons (regular black hole with two horizons) for
2
<
16
27
.
Therefore the important is the ration of
l
m
with critical ratio at
_
l
m
_
crit.
=
4
3
3
but not l and m individually. This suggests to set
m = 1 in the sequel without lose of generality i.e.,
f (r ) = 1
2r
2
r
3
+2l
2
. For l
2
<
16
27
the event horizon ( the point of no
return) is given by
r
h
=
1
3
_
3
+
4
3
+ 2
_
(8)
in which = 8 27l
2
+ 3
_
27l
2
(3l
2
2). For the case of
extremal black hole i.e. l
2
=
16
27
the single horizon accrues at
r
h
=
4
3
. For the case l
2
16
27
the standard Hawking temperature at
the event horizon is given by
T
H
=
f
(r
h
)
4
=
1
4
_
3
2

2
r
h
_
(9)
which clearly for l
2
=
16
27
vanishes and for l
2
<
16
27
is positive (One
must note that r
h

4
3
). Considering the standard denition for the
entropy of the black hole S =
A
4
in which A = 4r
2
h
one nds the
heat capacity of the black hole which is dened as
C
l
=
_
T
H
S
T
H
_
l
(10)
which is determined as
C
l
= 4r
3
h
_
3
2

2
r
h
_
(11)
which is clearly non-negative. Latter shows that
thermodynamically the black hole is stable.
Magnetic monopole a source for the Hayward black hole
Lets consider the following action
I =
1
16
_
d
4
x
g (R L(F)) (12)
in which R is the Ricci scalar and
L(F) =
6
l
2
_
1 +
_
F
_
3/4
_
2
(13)
is the nonlinear magnetic eld Lagrangian density with
F = F
the Maxwell invariant and l and two constant

positive parameters. The magnetic eld two form is given by
F = P sin
2
d d (14)
in which P is the magnetic monopole charge. Latter eld form
together with the line element (x) imply
F =
2P
2
r
4
. (15)
Einstein eld equations are
G
= T
(16)
in which
T
=
1
2
_
L
4F
L
F
_
(17)
in which L
F
=
L
F
. One can show that using L(F) given in (x),
the Einstein equation admit the Hayward regular black hole metric
providing =
2P
2
(2ml
2
)
4/3
. The weak eld limit of the Lagrangian (x)
can be found by expanding the Lagrangian about F = 0 which
reads
L(F) =
6F
3/2
l
2
3/2
+
12F
9/4
l
2
9/4
+O
_
F
3
_
. (18)
In the second part of the paper we use the standard method of
making a timelike thin-shell wormhole and make a timelike
thin-shell located at r = a (a > r
h
) by cut r < a from the Hayward
regular black hole and past two copy of it at r = a. On the shell
the spacetime is chosen to be
ds
2
= d
2
+ a ()
2
_
d
2
+ sin
2
d
2
_
(19)
in which is the proper time on the shell.
To make a consistent 2 + 1dimensional timelike shell with the
two 3 + 1dimensional we have to fulll the Lanczos conditions
which are the Einstain equations on the shell
_
K
j
i
_
[K]
j
i
= 8S
j
i
(20)
in which [X] = X
2
X
1
and K
j
i
is the extrinsic curvature tensor in
each part of the thin-shell and K denotes its trace. S
j
i
is the
energy momentum tensor on the shell such that S
= or
energy density S
= p = S
is the pressure density.

K
j
i
is the extrinsic curvature dened by
K
()
ij
= n
()
_

2
x
j
+
i
x
j
_
r =a
(21)
with the normal unit vector
n
()
=
_
f
x
f
x
1/2
f
x
_
. (22)
are found as follows
n
t
=
_
_
g
tt
_
a ()
t
_
2
+ g
rr
1/2
F
t
_
_
r =a
. (23)
Upon using
_
t
_
2
=
1
f (a)
_
1 +
1
f (a)
a
2
_
, (24)
it implies
n
t
= ( a) . (25)
Similarly one nds that
n
r
=
_
g
tt
F
t
F
t
+ g
rr
F
r
F
r
1/2
F
r
_
r =a
(26)
=
_
_
f (a) + a
2
f (a)
_
, and n
i
= 0, for all
i
. (27)
Note that K = Trace
_
K
j
i
_
and S
j
i
=diag(, p
y
, p
) is the energy
momentum tensor on the thin-shell. The parametric equation of
the hypersurface is given by
f (x, a ()) = x a () = 0. (28)
After the unit dnormal, one nds the extrinsic curvature tensor
components from the denition
K
ij
= n
_

2
x
j
+
i
x
j
_
r =a
. (29)
It follows that
K
= n
t
_
2
t
2
+
t
_
r =a
n
r
_
2
r
2
+
r
_
r =a
=
n
t
_
2
t
2
+ 2
t
tr
t
_
r =a
n
r
_
2
r
2
+
r
tt
t
+
r
rr
r
_
r =a
(30)
=
_
+ 2a
2
f + a
2
_
, (31)
Also
K
i
= n
2
x
2
i
+
i
x
i
_
r =a
=
_
f (a) + a
2
hh
.
(32)
and therefore
K = Trace
_
K
j
i
_
=
K
i
i
_
=
f
+ 2a
f + a
2
+ 4
_
f (a) + a
2
h
h
. (33)
The surface energy-momentum components of the thin-shell are
S
j
i
=
1
8
__
K
j
i
_
K
j
i
_
(34)
which yield
= S
=
2
_
_
f (a) + a
2
h
h
_
, (35)
S
i
= p
i
=
1
8
_
f
+ 2a
_
f (a) + a
2
+ 2
_
f (a) + a
2
h
h
_
. (36)
One can explicitly nd
=
1
2a
_
f (a) + a
2
(37)
and
p =
1
4
_
_
f (a) + a
2
a
+
a + f
(a) /2
_
f (a) + a
2
_
. (38)
Consequently the energy and pressure densities in a static
conguration at a = a
0
are given by
0
=
1
2a
0
_
f (a
0
) (39)
and
p
0
=
1
4
_
_
f (a
0
)
a
0
+
f
(a
0
) /2
_
f (a
0
)
_
. (40)
To investigate the stability of such wormhole we apply a linear
purterbation in which after that the following state equation
p = () (41)
with an arbitrary equation () is followed by the thin shell. In
addition to this relation between p and the energy conservation
law also imposes
S
ij
;j
= 0 (42)
which in closed form it amounts to
S
ij
,j
+ S
kj
i
kj
+ S
ik
j
kj
= 0 (43)
or equivalantly, after the line element (x),
_
a
2
_
+ p

_
a
2
_
= 0. (44)
This equation can be rewritten as
a
2
+ V (a) = 0 (45)
in V (a) is given by
V (a) = f 4
2
a
2
2
(46)
and is the energy density after the perturbation. Eq. (x) is a one
dimensional equation of motion in which the oscillatory motion for
a in terms of about a = a
0
is the consequence of having a = a
0
the equilibrium point which means V
(a
0
) = 0 and V
(a
0
) 0. In
the sequel we consider f
1
(a
0
) = f
2
(a
0
) and therefore at a = a
0
,
one nds V
0
= V
0
= 0. To investigate V
(a
0
) 0 we use the
given p = () to nds
_
=
d
da
_
=
2
a
( + ) (47)
and
=
2
a
2
( + )
_
3 + 2
_
. (48)
Herein
=
d
d
. Finally
V
(a
0
) = f
0
8
2
_
(
0
+ 2p
0
)
2
+ 2
0
(
0
+ p
0
)
_
1 + 2
(
0
)
_
_
(49)
which we have used
0
= p
0
.
Recently two of us analyzed the eect of the Gauss-Bonnet
parameter in the stability of TSW in higher dimensional EGB
gravity . In that paper some specic model of matter has been
considered such as LG, CG, GCG, MGCG and LG. In this work we
go closely to the same state functions and we analyze the eect of
Haywards parameter in the stability of the TSW constructed
above.
Linear gas (LG)
Figure: Stability of TSW supported by LG in terms of a
0
and
0
for
Linear gas (LG)
= 0.00, 0.10, 0.77 and 0.90. The value of m = 1. The eect of
Haywards constant is to increase the stability of the TSW. We note that
the stable regions are shown by S and the metric function is plotted too.
In the case of a linear state function i.e.,
=
0
(
0
) + p
0
in which
0
is a constant parameter, one nds
(
0
) =
0
. Fig. 1
displays the region of stability in terms of
0
and a
0
for dierent
values of Haywards parameter.
Chaplygin gas (CG)
Figure: Stability of TSW supported by CG in terms of a
0
and
0
for
Chaplygin gas (CG)
Haywards constant is to increase the stability of the TSW. We also plot
the metric function to compare the horizon of the black hole and the
location of the throat.
For Chaplygin gas (CG) the state function is given by
=
0
_
1
0
_
+ p
0
where
0
is a constant parameter, implies
(
0
) =
2
0
. In Fig. 2
we plot the stability region in terms of
0
and a
0
for dierent
values of .
Figure: Stability of TSW supported by GCG in terms of a
0
and for
The state function of the Generalized Chaplygin gas can be cast
into
() =
0
_
1
0
_
+ p
0
in which and
0
are constant. To see the eect of parameter in
the stability we set the constant
0
such that becomes
() = p
0
_
.
After we found
(
0
) =
p
0
0
, in Fig. 3 we plot the stability
regions of the TSW supported by a GCG in terms of and a
0
with
various values of .
Figure: Stability of TSW supported by MGCG in terms of a
0
and
0
for
= 0.00, 0.10, 0.77 and 0.90. The value of m = 1 and
0
=
0
= 1. The
eect of Haywards constant is to increase the stability of the TSW. We
also plot the metric function to compare the horizon of the black hole
and the location of the throat.
A more generalized form of CG is called the Modied Generalized
Chaplygin gas (MGCG) which is given by
() =
0
(
0
)
0
_
1
0
_
+ p
0
in which
0
,
0
and are free parameters. One then, nds
(
0
) =
0
+
0
+1
0
.
To go further we set
0
= 1 and = 1 and in Fig. 4 we show the
stability regions in terms of and a
0
with various values of .
Figure: Stability of TSW supported by LG in terms of a
0
and
0
for
In our last equation of state we consider the Logarithmic gas (LG)
which is given by
() =
0
ln
+ p
0
in which
0
is a constant. For LG one nds
(
0
) =

0
0
.
In Fig. 5 we plot the stability region for the TSW supported by LG
and the eect of Haywards parameter is shown clearly.
Conclusion We have studied various aspects of thin-shell
wormholes constructed from the Hayward regular black hole in
4-dimensional spherical symmetric static spacetime with the source
of nonlinear magnetic monopole eld. In a nonlinear Magnetic
eld. We have plotted and p for dierent values of parameters
M, Q and a = a0 to show the presence of exotic matter conned
within the shell of the wormhole. The nature of the wormhole
(attractive and repulsive) has been investigated for xed values of
parameters M and Q. The amount of exotic matter required to
support the wormhole is always a crucial issue. We have shown the
variation of exotic matter graphically with respect to charge and
mass.

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Introduction Hayward regular black hole Stable thin shell wormhole Some models of exotic matter supporting the

er supporting the TSWH Conc

the Maxwell invariant and l and two constant

is the pressure density.

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