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Producto: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO Modelo: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO Configuracin: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO
Problems can develop in the generator windings under certain environmental conditions. Most of these problems can be avoided by recognizing the effects of the environment on winding insulation and what can be done to counteract these effects. This question and answer brochure acquaints you with the importance of protecting, checking, and maintaining the winding insulation of your SR4 generator.
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Bsqueda del medio - SEBD0660 - OPERATING ENVIRONMENT-AND ITS EFFECT ON SR4 GENERATORS
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Stronger, thicker tubes, valves and connectors are used to contain the high pressure oil. Higher voltages in an electric circuit require better insulation. Each strand and bundle of wire is coated with non-conductive materials to prevent unwanted electron flow. This non-conductive material is the insulation. Many different types are available.
Does moisture cause problems other than reduced resistance through the insulation to ground?
Yes. If a conductive pathway exists between two bundles of wire because of moisture, current will leak from the higher voltage bundle to the lower voltage bundle. This produces heat and causes further breakdown and charring of the insulation. If the problem goes undetected the windings can be severely damaged. Illustration 2 shows a "hole" that was blown in the windings because of a breakdown of the phase insulation.
What other factors can contribute to reduce insulation capacity besides moisture?
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Potentially, any environment that contains abrasive or chemically active airborne material can have a bad effect on the insulation over a period of time. Epoxy is strong and chemically inert, but it can be gradually worn down by mechanical abrasion or nicking and chemical attack. The operating temperature of the windings also has a great effect on the longevity of the insulation. The winding temperature is a direct function of load and ambient temperature. The following graph shows the sharp decline in the insulation capacity as the winding temperature rises.
A frequent cause of reduced insulation life - though much less than moisture problems - is generator overload. This can occur when the generator is used to drive equipment having low power factor, such as welders, rock crushers, sawmills or conveyors. Low power factor is difficult to explain, but what you need to know is that it is very possible to overload a generator even if the engine connected to the generator is lightly loaded. In any application where AC motors are a significant portion of the load, the power factor may be low. This can cause the rotor and stator to be overloaded and not lug the engine. In this situation, more power flows through the rotor than normal. If this happens continually, the insulation around the rotor windings could overheat and begin to break down. A rotor turn-to-turn short circuit may not cause any visible damage. However, the ability of the generator to start an AC motor wil be reduced. Also, field current will be excessive and may cause the generator fuse or thermoprotector to open. If the generator continues to operate with excessive field current, more turn-to-turn short circuits will develop. Eventually, the heat damage to the exciter rotor and the main rotor will be evident.
How can I tell if there's a problem with the insulation in my SR4 Generator?
Use a megohmeter regularly. This device indicates the insulation capacity of various components in your generator (Illustration 4). Test components with the mehohmeter (megger check) at least once every six months, even if the generator is located in an enclosed area with low humidity. Local conditions and applications will determine how often megger checks should be made. Record all readings to plot any decrease in insulation capacity. This will allow you to predict when the generator will require reconditioning. If the megohmeter shows a reading of less than one megohm of resistance to ground, a substantial loss of insulation capacity has occurred. Some type of corrective action must be taken.
If the megohmeter reading is less than one megohm, how can I correct this?
If the low megohmeter reading is simply due to moisture absorption in the insulation, space heaters or other drying methods will usually raise the resistance to ground to an acceptable level. The space heaters are standard equipment on marine generators and can be installed on any generator. Space heaters require an auxiliary power source because they only need to operate when the generator is not operating. Operate the space heaters for a least four hours, then do another megger check. In most cases the moisture driven off by the space heaters will increase the insulation capacity and give a higher megger check reading. Another way to eliminate absorbed moisture is to place the entire generator inside a drying oven for four hours at 65C (150F). However, make sure that a forced air oven is used for the heating. A radiant heat oven will cause localized overheating and could damage the components. If you have any questions regarding megger checks, space heaters or other drying methods, contact your local Caterpillar dealer. If the megger reading increases to more than one megohm when dry but drops when moisture is present, the winding should be reconditioned. Reconditioning the winding usually involves a thorough cleaning and addition dips and bakes of epoxy varnish. The process can be done by most local electrical repair shops
What action is required if the megger check reading is still below one megohm of resistance after drying?
If the winding insulation is relatively dry and the megger check still shows an excessive amount of current leakage to ground, then a closer inspection of the windings must be made. Any charring, nicking, or abrading of the insulation can leave the bare wire exposed and provide the pathway for current leakage. If the wire itself has not been damaged the local area of insulation may be repaired by the application of epoxy. If no damage can be found in the windings, then the overall insulation capability has been reduced in the windings. It will be necessary to have the component rewound replaced.
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