Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Coastal Development
To investigate factors that have shaped the development and growth of contrasting crowded coasts over time.
Coastal Competition
To investigate pressure on the coastal environment when development and conservation meet head on.
Coastal Management
To investigate the success of coastal management strategies.
Seaford (+ Research Bournemouth and Foreign Resort: e.g. Spain, Florida, ustralia ! Fieldwork:
Surve( visitor num+ers, ages, distance traveled, duration of sta( (,uestionnaire!, pedestrian count, traffic surve( (in and out of season! *nvironmental surve(s, land use surve( (closed newl( opened shops and hotels! Surve( reasons for sta(, where mone( spent, suggestions for improvements from tourists (,uestionnaire! .and use surve(s (age of +uildings!
Seven Sisters Country Park (+ Research on "orfa #arlech, $.%ales & Sand 'unes! Fieldwork:
ssess the value and level of destruction of high value coastal areas (Seven Sisters /ountr( 0ark!. *.g. #igh value coastal areas such as Sand 'unes ("orfa #arlech!. Transects & S(stematic, Stratified, random, +reak of slope .and use - ctivit( mapping *nvironmental Surve(s - litter sampling *nvironmental 1mpact
2 'igital photos, field sketches and video evidence to show evidence of erosion or effectiveness of sea defences 2 "apping - recording evidence of t(pes of wave, longshore drift, storm conditions, +each morpholog( (transects!, cliff face features (undercutting, slides, slumps, rock falls! low l(ing land, salt marsh, flood levels, and the presence of sea defences. 2 'amage to sea defences & Bi2polar surve(s, at risk land use on cliffs or sea front (hotels, residential, recreational, +usiness!. Surve( views3uestionnaires of various local people, council etc. 1mpacts on +usiness-land use.
2 "apping-recording structures and their effects as defences in coping with waves, .S', storms, mass movement. #ow various flood defences work together, impacts down drift (measure height of +each either side of gro(nes, annotated photo4s! 2 Surve(s or environmental damage from development and visitor pressure, strengths and weakness of strategies to manage fragile areas (annotated photos!, surve( interest groups. 2 /ost +enefit anal(sis of different management strategies along the coast 2 /onflict matri5 of different viewpoints and interest groups along the coast of defences
Researc :
0opulation data from censuses. 6ld maps 6ld photographs For foreign resorts: Travel +rochures, online holida( info
Researc :
"aps of changing land use 0revious surve(s $ews paper articles & applications for development /onsultation with interest groups in the area
Researc :
2 .ocal or *nvironment genc( data regarding past and present rates of erosion and flood risk (storm-flood return!. #istorical documents and maps. Satellite images (e.g. plotting .S'!, online site (universit( sites! 2 $ews paper coverage of events, secondar( 3uestionnaire data, impacts on planning, land use and insurance, long term effects on 7o+s etc, environmental losses (+eaches, SSS14s etc!
Researc :
2 .ocal or *nvironmental genc( data regarding changes in rates of erosion and flood risk. #istorical documents and maps. Satellite images, online sites (universit(!. 2 $ewspaper coverage, secondar( 3uestionnaire data, impacts on planning, land use and insurance, longer term impacts (+eaches, SSS14s etc!. 1mpacts on +io2diversit( studies.
Data Presentation:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Data !nalysis:
.argel( influenced +( data t(pe & *dited '8'-transcript of interviews, nnotated photos-sketches & To show coastal retreat or landuse changes 91S (customised with data-photos!, #istorical maps & To show coastal retreat, management or changes in landuse and development 'ata can +e ta+ulated, put into graphs or charts & To compare management strategies, or landuse in different locations 'ata can +e presented as cross sections & To show transect data & Beach profiles will indicate the t(pe of waves and therefore erosion ,uestionnaire and Bi2polar outputs & can +e presented in a range of appropriate charts and graphs & To show opinions on development, management and conservation strategies range of appropriate statistical methods "ean, "edian and "ode & /an +e used to anal(se 3uestionnaire or numerical data Flow diagrams and mind maps & /an +e used to descri+e theor( +ehind coastal defence schemes nnotating graphs and charts 2 To help e5plain anomalous data, or e5plain maps and 91S
Coastal Development
Coastal Competition
Coastal Management
To investigate factors that have shaped the development and growth of contrasting crowded coasts over time.
To investigate pressure on the coastal environment when development and conservation meet head on.
To investigate the rate of coastal retreat or the degree of coastal flood risk, together with their impacts on development and people on a small scale.
Coastal Development
Coastal Competition
Coastal Management
To investigate factors that have shaped the development and growth of contrasting crowded coasts over time.
To investigate pressure on the coastal environment when development and conservation meet head on.
To investigate the rate of coastal retreat or the degree of coastal flood risk, together with their impacts on development and people on a small scale.
2 The geolog( of the Reculver Ba( area is predominantl( sandstones and cla( 2 These rocks are easil( eroded. The cliffs are eroding at a rate of appro5imatel( F m a (ear. 2 6ld map illustrate that coastal erosion had washed awa( most of Reculver village +( :@BB, leading residents to re2locate to the inland settlement of #ill+orough. 2 .ongshore drift, driven +( strong north2easterl( winds, moves the +each material continuousl( westwards. 1f the +each was allowed to disappear, the waves would attack the sea wall and increase the risk of flooding. 2 large concrete sea wall, +uilt in :;AG, e5tends a+out FBB metres from in front of the 1nformation /entre along to the twin towers. 1n :;;<, huge +oulders, man( weighing up to < tonnes, were placed in front of the sea wall to give e5tra protection 2 rock armour - rip2rap. 2 The area is protected +( large rock gro(nes. 6riginall( there had +een wooden gro(nes although these were in an advanced state of deca( and were replaced +( rip2rap and the rock gro(nes. 2 'ue to the high energ( of the coastline repairs organised +( the *nvironment genc( (the government +od( which has responsi+ilit( for sea2defence work! and /anter+ur( /it( /ouncil, have +een carried out. The last such scheme in :;;A-;< cost HG.A million 2 The rapid rates of erosion have caused severe deca(, making the gro(nes ineffective and dangerous. t regular intervals, lorries +ring fresh supplies of shingle to replenish the +each. This method of coastal defence is called +each nourishment. 2 Further down the coast are unprotected cliffs. The cliffs are FB metre high, soft sandstones. Below the cliffs is a narrow shingle +each, mainl( of flint( material. Dnderneath the shingle is a rock( wave2 cut platform made of the same sandstone rocks as the cliff, this provides us with evidence of erosion. 2 s the waves at high tide undercut the cliff, a notch and sometimes small caves (usuall( no more than a metre high or deep! ma( form, +ut the soft sandstone easil( collapses. 2 Results indicate that this is an area with high energ( waves and rapid erosion. The coastline has +een managed with a variet( of hard and soft engineering with var(ing degrees of success.
'igital cameras & for annotated photos 8ideo cameras & for filming techni3ues in the field or something taking place. *.g. wave action 91S & can +e used to plan field trips and also present data sets on maps 90S & to locate sites - features 1nternet & researching fieldwork - S"0s
To answer fieldwork and research 3uestions I Tr( to refer to what (ou actuall( did and found outI +ut don4t forget (ou can also appl( (our knowledge of case studies and theor( to help (irtual Fieldwork
o 8irtual Fieldwork: Reculver Ba(, )ent & *rosion and "anagement: http:--www.georesources.co.uk-recintro.htm
o o 8irtual Fieldwork: "orfa #arlec, Snowdonia $0, %ales 2 /oastal Sand 'unes and "anagement: http:--www.georesources.co.uk-csdintro.htm 8irtual Fieldwork: Florida )e(s, DS ke(s-triphome.html & 'evelopment - 1mpacts of tourism on the environment: http:--virtual2geolog(.info-vft-fl2
http:--www.geograph(pages.co.uk-virtual.htm