UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DHARWAD COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE DHARWAD PROGRAMME OF RESEACH

1. Name of the student: Nishanth G.K 2. I.d. No. and year of admission: PGS11AGR5565, 2011-2012 3. e!ree Pro!ramme and Su"#e$t: %.S$ &A!ri' Geneti$s and P(ant )reedin! 4. *o((e!e: A!ri$u(ture *o((e!e, +AS, har,ad 5. Geneti$ di-ersity studies for yie(d, fi"re traits and su$.in! /ests &thri/s and #assids' in $otton &Gossypium hirsutum'.

6. INTRODUCTION: *otton &Gossypium hirsutum' is one of the most im/ortant /(ayin! a .ey ro(e in e$onomi$ and so$ia( affairs of the ,or(d. It is the o(dest amon! the $ommer$ia( $ro/s of the ,or(d. *otton is $u(ti-ated in India from Su"-0ima(ayan re!ion of Pun#a" in the North to 1ami(nadu in South and dry re!ions of Kut$h to hi!h rainfa(( areas of %ani/ur &*hhiddasin!h, 2002'. India has a pride place in the global cotton scenario due to several distinct features such as largest cotton growing area, cultivation of all four cultivated species, large area under tetraploid cotton, one of the largest producer of long and extra-long staple cotton, possibly the only country to grow hybrid cotton, native home of old cultivated cotton and wide diversity in agro climatic conditions under which cotton is grown. India is the (ar!est $otton !ro,in! $ountry ,ith an area of 121.31 (a.h he$tares and /rodu$tion of 456.00 (a.h "a(es of $otton (int ,ith an a-era!e /rodu$ti-ity of 536.!6ha &Anon,2011'. Karnata.a /rodu$es around 10.15(a.h "a(es of $otton (int from an area of 5.66(a.h he$tares ,ith a /rodu$ti-ity of 470.!6ha &Anon, 2011'. 1he reasons for hi!h yie(d and in$reased

/rodu$ti-ity are main(y "e$ause of $u(ti-ation of )t $ottons, fa-oura"(e seasons and !ood a!ronomi$ /ra$ti$es. 1he Indian $otton mi(( federation had /ut its re8uirement of $otton for 2010-2011, is 450 (a.h "a(es. )reedin! /ro!ramme aimed at hi!h /rodu$ti-ity he(/ed to a$hie-e fu(fi(( this re8uirement. )reedin! for hi!h /rodu$ti-ity is sti(( the /rimary !oa( of "reedin! /ro!ramme, "ut im/ro-in! the fi"re 8ua(ity has a(so "e$ome in$reasin!(y im/ortant. A(( the $han!es in s/innin! te$hno(o!y re8uire uni8ue and often su/erior fi"re 8ua(ity, es/e$ia((y fi"re stren!th for /ro$essin!. 1he /resent day $u(ti-ars (a$. fi"re stren!th and fai( to meet the standard s/e$ified "y *entra( Institute for Resear$h on $otton 1e$hno(o!y &*IR*91'. So there is an ur!en$y to de-e(o/ $u(ti-ars ,ith hi!h fi"re stren!th in order to meet the re8uirements of s/innin! industry. *otton is infested "y a (ar!e num"er of inse$t /ests ri!ht from the so,in! ti(( har-est. In the ear(y sta!es, su$.in! /ests (i.e a/hids, thri/s, (eaf ho/es and ,hite f(ies $ause serious /ro"(em and resu(tin! redu$tion in yie(d and 8ua(ity of $otton. 1he su$.in! /ests $ause 22.52 /er$ent redu$tion in $otton yie(d. &Sat/ute et. al 1330'. Resistan$e -arieties offer an ine:/ensi-e /re-enti-e measure ,hi$h is !enera((y $om/ati"(e ,ith other methods of /(ant $ontro( &*houdhary and Arshad, 1323'. efense me$hanisms in resistant -arieties in-o(-e either mor/ho(o!i$a( "arriers or e(a"orati-e array of /hyto$hemi$a(s, ,hi$h a$t as re/e((ents, /ha!odeterrents and o-i/osition deterrents,these e:hi"itin! resistan$es. Po(y/heno( and /heno(s are $onsidered to /(ay an im/ortant ro(e in /(ant defense me$hanisms. In *otton /heno(s and tannins are a(so found ne!ati-e(y $orre(ated ,ith ,hite f(y /o/u(ation densities &)utter et. al,1332'. Kee/in! in -ie, the a"o-e /oints, the /resent in-esti!ation ,as $arried out ,ith fo((o,in! o"#e$ti-es. 1. 1o study the !eneti$ di-ersity for yie(d, yie(d $ontri"utin! traits and fi"re traits. 2. 1o s$reen su$.in! /est resistant6 to(erant $otton !enoty/es under natura( $onditions. 4. ;a(idation of su$.in! /est to(eran$e in se(e$ted !enoty/es under un/rote$ted $onditions and /rote$ted $onditions.

7. BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Sin!h and )ains &1362' !rou/ed 20-arieties of u/(and $otton from four different $ountries in to fi-e $(usters. Sin!h and Sin!h &1325' usin! metro(y/h ana(ysis a (ar!e num"er of !erm/(asm $o((e$tion identified e(e-en distant !rou/. Sin!h et.al&1371' re/orted that /(ant hei!ht and "o(( num"er and yie(d $o((e$ti-e(y $ontri"uted ma:imum to,ards the tota( di-er!en$e in Gossypium hirsutum materia(s. $ondu$ted e:/eriment ,ith Gossypium hirsutum !enoty/es for !eneti$ di-ersity. Sam"amurthy et.al&1335a' re/orted the num"er of "o((s /er /(ant fa((o,ed "y !innin! /er$ent $ontri"uted to the tota( !eneti$ di-er!en$e. Sam"amurthy et.al&1335"' re/orted that the num"er of "o((s6/(ant fa((o,ed "y !innin! /er$ent and yie(d6/(ant $ontri"uted more to the tota( di-er!en$e out of 50 !enoty/es. Param#it Sin!h and G.S. *haha( &2006', studied e:/erimenta( materia( $onsistin! of different !enerations of sin!(e tester ana(ysis ,as !ro,n in a randomi<ed $om/(ete "(o$. desi!n and ,as e-a(uated for se-enteen $hara$ters re(ated to yie(d, fi"re 8ua(ity, ear(iness and /(ant ty/e. 1he ana(ysis of -arian$e for the test of e/istasis "ased on s$a(in! tests Ai and )i re-ea(ed the /resen$e of e/istasis for most of the $hara$ters studied. 1he additi-e !eneti$ $om/onent, dominan$e !eneti$ $om/onent, and their re(ati-e $ontri"ution to,ards !eneti$ -ariation in the /o/u(ation ,ere estimated. Na!ara# )asa-araddi and. Kata!eri &2007' studied Geneti$ di-ersity in 25 deri-ati-es of =2 !eneration of $ross "et,een G.hirsutum -ar. assessed usin! %aha(ano"is
2

ani

&1325', Sam"amurthy et.al&1335a and "', Rar#arathinam et.al&1335' and Ka(sy et.al&1326'

S-22 and G. barbadense -ar.S) &>='-525

statisti$s, indi$ated /resen$e of $onsidera"(e di-ersity. 1he

!enoty/es ,ere !rou/ed into ei!ht $(usters "ased on /(ant mor/ho(o!i$a(, yie(d and yie(d $ontri"utin! $hara$ters.

%uhammad Am#ad A(i et. al &2002', studied fi-e u/(and $otton -arieties ,ere $rossed in a $om/(ete dia((e( matin! system to assess the !eneti$s of fi"re (en!th&=?', fi"re stren!th &=S', fi"re fineness &==', fi"re uniformity &=+' and fi"re e(on!ation &=@' uti(i<in! %ather and Ain.s a//roa$h. ifferen$es ,ere found to "e si!nifi$ant &PB0.01' for a(( the $hara$ters. S. Nee(ima and ;. *hen!a Reddy in-est!ated fifty four !enoty/es of Ameri$an $otton &Gossypium hirsutum' $om/risin! of 5 (ines, 10 testers and their 50 hy"rids /rodu$ed in a ?ine : 1ester fashion ,ere e-a(uated for 8ua(itati-e and 8uantitati-e traits. Resu(ts re-ea(ed that Num"er of sym/odia /er /(ant, "o(( ,ei!ht and seed $otton yie(d /er /(ant sho,ed moderate estimates of /henoty/i$ and !enoty/i$ $oeffi$ients of -ariation.

Ku(.arni et. al &2011' studied !eneti$ di-er!en$e in 23 u/(and G.hirsutum !enoty/s ,as studied for 13 yie(d attri"utes and 8ua(ity $hara$ters. 1he /attern of !rou/in! of !enoty/es re-ea(ed that the !eneti$ di-ersity ,as not fu((y re(ated to the !eo!ra/hi$a( di-ersity. 1he inter $(uster distan$es ,ere found to "e !reater than intra $(uster distan$e, re-ea(in! $onsidera"(e amount of !eneti$ di-ersity amon! !enoty/es studied. 1he hy"ridi<ation /ro!ramme ,ith the se(e$ted !enoty/es $onsiderin! inter $(uster distan$es may /rodu$e hi!h ma!nitude of heterosis or desira"(e se!re!ants ,hi$h ,ou(d "e meanin!fu( for im/ro-ement in yie(d and 8ua(ity attri"utes of $otton.

Rohini et. al&2011' their ,or. resu(ts sho,ed that ?K-261 andAK 276-5 ,ere resistant to a/hids, ?K-261 and %a((i.a non )t ,ere resistant to thri/s and R0A-100 5025, 0> se( and G $ot 16 ,ere resistant to (eaf ho//er and re$orded (o,er in#ury inde: due to /resen$e of "io$hemi$a( $om/onents (i.e tannin, /heno( and !ossy/o(. 1he !enoty/es ?K-261, %a((i.a non )t, A $o(a-2, *N0P>-6, *P -541 ,ere found to resistant to ,hitef(ies.

. DETAILED PROGRAMME OF RESEARCH: MATERIALS AND METHODS: .1 GENETIC MATERIAL: A tota( of 640 !enoty/es of G hirsutum (ines ,hi$h in$(udes $o((e$tions&indi!enous, e:oti$ $o((e$tion', re(eased -arieties and (ines de-e(o/ed from different "reedin! strate!ies. 1hese (ines are e-a(uated for different /henoty/i$ $hara$ters as (isted "e(o, and a(so for su$.in! /est in$iden$e "ased on (eaf $ur(in! sym/toms. OBSERVATIONS FOR RECORD: 1. ?eaf $o(or. 2. ?eaf hairiness. 4. ?eaf a//earan$e. 5. ?eaf !ossy/o( !(ands. 5. ?eaf ne$taries. 6. ?eaf /etio(e /i!mentation. 7. ?eaf sha/e. 2. P(ants stem hairiness. 3. P(ants stem /i!mentation. 10. P(ant !ro,th ha"it. 11. )ra$t ty/e. 12. =(o,er /eta( $o(or.

14. =(o,er sti!ma. 15. =(o,er /eta( s/ot. 15. Anther fi(ament $o(oration. 16. Po((en $o(or. 17. )o(( "earin! ha"it. 12. )o(( $o(or. 13. )o(( sha/e. 20. )o(( surfa$e. 21. )o(( /rominen$e of ti/. 22. Cei!ht of seed $otton6"o((. 24. Seed fu<<. 25. Seed fu<< $o(or. 25. Seed inde:. 26. Ginnin! D. 27. =i"re $o(or. 22. =i"re (en!th. 23. =i"re stren!th. &!6te:.' 40. =i"re fitness. 41. =i"re uniformity. 42. =i"re maturity. 44. Num"er of mono/odia and sym/odia.

45. P(ant hei!ht. OBSERVATIONS FOR SUC!ING PESTS: 1. ?eaf hairiness. 2. ?eaf !ossy/o( !(and. 4. Stem hairiness. 5. ?eaf $o(our. .2 E"PERIMENTAL SITE AND DESIGN: 1hese 640(ines are so,ed at ARS har,ad farm, +AS har,ad in 2011. 1hese (ines are e-a(uated durin! 2011-2012 UNDER AUGMENTED DESIGN. D#$% &' (&)*+,: 24-6-2011 S-#.*+, : 30E20$m P#./#,% &' -0#.$*.%: /a$.a!e of /ra$ti$e re$ommended for $otton under assured rain fed $onditions is fa((o,ed. P1&$ (*2%: 1 ro, of 6m (en!th. &40 P(ants'. =or the su$.in! /est -a(idation se(e$ted (ines from the 640 !enoty/es ,i(( "e so,n usin! RANDOMISED BLOC! DESIGN under /rote$ted and un/rote$ted $ondition durin! 2012-2014.

3. SPECIAL FEATURES OF INVESTIGATION: In $otton no, su$.in! /ests are the ma#or /ests and this in-esti!ation aims to identify the su/erior (ines sho,in! resistan$e and !ood yie(d and fi"re 8ua(ity traits. 14. REFERENCES: Anonymous, 2011, *otton ad-isory "oard India. )utter, N.S., ;ir, ).K., Kour, G., Sin!h, 1.0 and Rahe#a, R.K., 1332, )io$hemi$a( "asis of resistan$e to ,hitef(y Bemisia tabaci in $otton Trop. Agric.,63: 113-122.

*haudhary, %.R and Arshad, %., 1323, ;arieta( resistan$e to $otton Inse$ts.Pak.cottons.,33516F 55-55. *hhiddasin!h, Prem sin!h, Ra#"irsin!h., 2002, %odern te$hni8ues in Raisin! fie(d $ro/s. ani, R.G., 1325, Geneti$ di-er!en$e for seed and (int $hara$teristi$s amon! some -arieties of G.hirsutum. J. Indian Sic. Cotton Impro e.,14526 30-33. Ka(sy, 0.S, Gar!, 0.R. and Goi((, S.S., 1326, Semi !ra/hi$a( ana(ysis in +/(and $otton G.hirsutum Crop Impro e., 13: 126-122. Ku(.arni, A.A., 0.*., Nanda and Pati(, S.G., 2011,Studies on !eneti$ di-er!en$e in u/(and $otton G.hirsutum J. Cotton !es. "e .25516:10-17. %uhammad Am#ad A(i, Ifti.har Ahmad Khan, Shahid I8"a( A,an, Shira< A(i and Shahid Nia<., 2002, Geneti$s of fi"re 8ua(ity traits in *otton.Australian Journal o# Crop Sciences.2516:10-17. Na!ara# )asa-araddi and I.S., Kata!eri, 2011, Geneti$ di-ersity studies in Re$om"inant (ines from inter s/e$ifi$ $rosses G hirsutum$G barbadense %ar.J.Aric Sci., 24536: 262-272. Nee(ima, S and ;. *hen!a Reddy, 2002, Geneti$ /arameters of yie(d andfi"re 8ua(ity traits in Ameri$an $otton G hirsutum. Ind. J.Agric.!es., 42516: 37-70. Parama#ith sin!h and $haha(, G.S., 2006, *om/onents of !eneti$ -ariation for yie(d and fi"re 8ua(ity in u/(and $otton G hirsutum Ind.J.Agric !es., 44536: 222-241. Ra#arathinam, S., Su"ramanian, S. and Nadara#an, N., 1335, Geneti$ di-er!en$e in u/(and$otton Ghirsutum. &adras Agric.J., 15136:571-574.

Rohini, A., Prasad, N.;.;.S. ., *ha(am, %.S.;. and ;eeraiah, .., 2011, Identifi$ation of suita"(e resistant $otton !enoty/es a!ainst su$.in! /ests. J.'nt.!es., 35536: 137-202. Sam"amurthy, A.S.;., %ohan Reddy, and Reddy, K.0.G., 1335a,Studies on the nature of

!eneti$ di-er!en$e in u/(and $otton G hirsutum. Ann.Agric.!es.,16536: 407-410. Sam"amurthy, A.S.;., %ohan Reddy, and Reddy, K.0.G., 1335",Geneti$ di-er!en$e for (in.

$hara$ter in u/(and $otton G hirsutum. Ann.Agric.!es., 16536: 457-453. Sa/tute, +.S., Pati(, ;.N., Kato(e, S.R., %en,;.)., )ha!,at, ;.R and 1ha.are, A.;., 1330, A-oida"(e fie(d (osses due to su$.in! /ests "o((,orm in $otton.Cotton.J.Appl.(ool.!es.,1:67-72. Sin!h, ).)., %urthy, ).R. and Aain, 9.P., 1371 Nature of di-er!en$e amon! some -erities of u/(and $otton.Indain J.Gene.Plant Breed., 31:464-462. Sin!h, A.0. and )ains, S.S., 1362 Geneti$ di-er!en$e for !innin! out turn and its $om/onents in u/(and $otton.Indain J.Gene.Plant Breed., 31: 262-267.