100 Networking Interview Questions

Q1. What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs Ans. 10Base2!An Ethernet ter" "eaning a "a#i"u" trans$er rate o$ 10 %ega&its 'er se(ond that uses &ase&and signa)ing, with a (ontiguous (a&)e seg"ent )ength o$ 100 "eters and a "a#i"u" o$ 2 seg"ents. 10Base5!An Ethernet ter" "eaning a "a#i"u" trans$er rate o$ 10 %ega&its 'er se(ond that uses &ase&and signa)ing, with 5 (ontinuous seg"ents not e#(eeding 100 "eters 'er seg"ent. 10BaseT!An Ethernet ter" "eaning a "a#i"u" trans$er rate o$ 10 %ega&its 'er se(ond that uses &ase&and signa)ing and twisted 'air (a&)ing.

Q2. What is the di$$eren(e &etween an uns'e(i$ied 'assive o'en and a $u))* s'e(i$ied 'assive o'en Ans. An uns'e(i$ied 'assive o'en has the server waiting $or a (onne(tion re+uest $ro" a ()ient. A $u))* s'e(i$ied 'assive o'en has the server waiting $or a (onne(tion $ro" a s'e(i$i( ()ient.

Q,. E#')ain the $un(tion o$ Trans"ission -ontro) B)o(k. Ans. A T-B is a (o"')e# data stru(ture that (ontains a (onsidera&)e a"ount o$ in$or"ation a&out ea(h (onne(tion.

Q.. What is a %anage"ent In$or"ation Base /%IB0 Ans. A %anage"ent In$or"ation Base is 'art o$ ever* 1N%23 "anaged devi(e. Ea(h 1N%2 agent has the %IB data&ase that (ontains in$or"ation a&out the devi(e4s status, its 'er$or"an(e, (onne(tions, and (on$iguration. The %IB is +ueried &* 1N%2.

Q5. What is anon*"ous 5T2 and wh* wou)d *ou use it

Ans. Anon*"ous 5T2 ena&)es users to (onne(t to a host without using a va)id )ogin and 'assword. 6sua))*, anon*"ous 5T2 uses a )ogin (a))ed anon*"ous or guest, with the 'assword usua))* re+uesting the user4s I7 $or tra(king 'ur'oses on)*. Anon*"ous 5T2 is used to ena&)e a )arge nu"&er o$ users to a((ess $i)es on the host without having to go to the trou&)e o$ setting u' )ogins $or the" a)). Anon*"ous 5T2 s*ste"s usua))* have stri(t (ontro)s over the areas an anon*"ous user (an a((ess.

Q8. What is a 'seudo tt* Ans. A 'seudo tt* or $a)se ter"ina) ena&)es e#terna) "a(hines to (onne(t through Te)net or r)ogin. Without a 'seudo tt*, no (onne(tion (an take ')a(e.

Q9. Whi(h )a*er o$ the 9 )a*er "ode) 'rovides servi(es to the A'')i(ation )a*er over the 1ession )a*er (onne(tion Ans. 2resentation.

Q:. What does the %ount 'roto(o) do Ans. The %ount 'roto(o) returns a $i)e hand)e and the na"e o$ the $i)e s*ste" in whi(h a re+uested $i)e resides. The "essage is sent to the ()ient $ro" the server a$ter re(e'tion o$ a ()ient4s re+uest.

Q;. What is E#terna) 7ata <e'resentation Ans. E#terna) 7ata <e'resentation is a "ethod o$ en(oding data within an <2- "essage, used to ensure that the data is not s*ste"3 de'endent.

Q10. Whi(h =1I <e$eren(e La*er (ontro)s a'')i(ation to a'')i(ation (o""uni(ation Ans. 1ession

Q11. B==T2 he)'s a disk)ess workstation &oot. >ow does it get a "essage to the network )ooking $or its I2 address and the )o(ation o$ its o'erating s*ste" &oot $i)es Ans. B==T2 sends a 672 "essage with a su&network &road(ast address and waits $or a re')* $ro" a server that gives it the I2 address. The sa"e "essage "ight (ontain the na"e o$ the "a(hine that has the &oot $i)es on it. I$ the &oot i"age )o(ation is not s'e(i$ied, the workstation sends another 672 "essage to +uer* the server.

Q12. What is a 7N1 resour(e re(ord Ans. A resour(e re(ord is an entr* in a na"e server4s data&ase. There are severa) t*'es o$ resour(e re(ords used, in()uding na"e3 to3address reso)ution in$or"ation. <esour(e re(ords are "aintained as A1-II $i)es.

Q1,. What 'roto(o) is used &* 7N1 na"e servers Ans. 7N1 uses 672 $or (o""uni(ation &etween servers. It is a &etter (hoi(e than T-2 &e(ause o$ the i"'roved s'eed a (onne(tion)ess 'roto(o) o$$ers. =$ (ourse, trans"ission re)ia&i)it* su$$ers with 672.

Q1.. What is the di$$eren(e &etween interior and e#terior neigh&or gatewa*s Ans. Interior gatewa*s (onne(t LANs o$ one organi?ation, whereas e#terior gatewa*s (onne(t the organi?ation to the outside wor)d.

Q15. What is the >ELL= 'roto(o) used $or

Ans. The >ELL= 'roto(o) uses ti"e instead o$ distan(e to deter"ine o'ti"a) routing. It is an a)ternative to the <outing In$or"ation 2roto(o).

Q18. What are the advantages and disadvantages o$ the three t*'es o$ routing ta&)es Ans. The three t*'es o$ routing ta&)es are $i#ed, d*na"i(, and $i#ed (entra). The $i#ed ta&)e "ust &e "anua))* "odi$ied ever* ti"e there is a (hange. A d*na"i( ta&)e (hanges its in$or"ation &ased on network tra$$i(, redu(ing the a"ount o$ "anua) "aintenan(e. A $i#ed (entra) ta&)e )ets a "anager "odi$* on)* one ta&)e, whi(h is then read &* other devi(es. The $i#ed (entra) ta&)e redu(es the need to u'date ea(h "a(hine4s ta&)e, as with the $i#ed ta&)e. 6sua))* a d*na"i( ta&)e (auses the $ewest 'ro&)e"s $or a network ad"inistrator, a)though the ta&)e4s (ontents (an (hange without the ad"inistrator &eing aware o$ the (hange.

Q19. What is a (hara(teristi( o$ 1tore and 5orward swit(hes Ans. The* read the entire $ra"e and (he(k -<- &e$ore $orwarding.

Q1:. What is sour(e route Ans. It is a se+uen(e o$ I2 addresses identi$*ing the route a datagra" "ust $o))ow. A sour(e route "a* o'tiona))* &e in()uded in an I2 datagra" header.

Q1;. What is <I2 /<outing In$or"ation 2roto(o)0 Ans. It is a si"')e 'roto(o) used to e#(hange in$or"ation &etween the routers.

Q20. What is 1LI2 /1eria) Line Inter$a(e 2roto(o)0

Ans. It is a ver* si"')e 'roto(o) used $or trans"ission o$ I2 datagra"s a(ross a seria) )ine.

Q21. What is 2ro#* A<2 Ans. It is using a router to answer A<2 re+uests. This wi)) &e done when the originating host &e)ieves that a destination is )o(a), when in $a(t is )ies &e*ond router.

Q22. What is =125 Ans. It is an Internet routing 'roto(o) that s(a)es we)), (an route tra$$i( a)ong "u)ti')e 'aths, and uses know)edge o$ an Internet4s to'o)og* to "ake a((urate routing de(isions.

Q2,. What is @er&eros Ans. It is an authenti(ation servi(e deve)o'ed at the %assa(husetts Institute o$ Te(hno)og*. @er&eros uses en(r*'tion to 'revent intruders $ro" dis(overing 'asswords and gaining unauthori?ed a((ess to $i)es.

Q2.. What is a %u)ti3ho"ed >ost Ans. It is a host that has a "u)ti')e network inter$a(es and that re+uires "u)ti')e I2 addresses is (a))ed as a %u)ti3ho"ed >ost.

Q25. What is NAT /Network Airtua) Ter"ina)0 Ans. It is a set o$ ru)es de$ining a ver* si"')e virtua) ter"ina) intera(tion. The NAT is used in the start o$ a Te)net session.

Q28. What is Batewa*3to3Batewa* 'roto(o) Ans. It is a 'roto(o) $or"er)*

used to e#(hange routing in$or"ation &etween Internet (ore routers.

Q29. What is BB2 /Border Batewa* 2roto(o)0 Ans. It is a 'roto(o) used to advertise the set o$ networks that (an &e rea(hed with in an autono"ous s*ste". BB2 ena&)es this in$or"ation to &e shared with the autono"ous s*ste". This is newer than EB2 /E#terior Batewa* 2roto(o)0.

Q2:. What is autono"ous s*ste" Ans. It is a (o))e(tion o$ routers under the (ontro) o$ a sing)e ad"inistrative authorit* and that uses a (o""on Interior Batewa* 2roto(o).

Q2;. What is EB2 /E#terior Batewa* 2roto(o)0 Ans. It is the 'roto(o) the routers in neigh&oring autono"ous s*ste"s use to identi$* the set o$ networks that (an &e rea(hed within or via ea(h autono"ous s*ste".

Q,0. What is IB2 /Interior Batewa* 2roto(o)0 Ans. It is an* routing 'roto(o) used within an autono"ous s*ste".

Q,1. What is %ai) Batewa* Ans. It is a s*ste" that 'er$or"s a 'roto(o) trans)ation &etween di$$erent e)e(troni( "ai) de)iver* 'roto(o)s.

Q,2. What is wide3"outh $rog Ans. Wide3"outh $rog is the si"')est known ke* distri&ution (enter /@7-0 authenti(ation 'roto(o).

Q,,. What are 7igra"s and Trigra"s Ans. The "ost (o""on two )etter (o"&inations are (a))ed as digra"s. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The "ost (o""on three )etter (o"&inations are (a))ed as trigra"s. e.g. the, ing, and, and ion.

Q,.. What is si))* window s*ndro"e Ans. It is a 'ro&)e" that (an ruin T-2 'er$or"an(e. This 'ro&)e" o((urs when data are 'assed to the sending T-2 entit* in )arge &)o(ks, &ut an intera(tive a'')i(ation on the re(eiving side reads 1 &*te at a ti"e.

Q,5. What is region Ans. When hierar(hi(a) routing is used, the routers are divided into what we (a)) regions, with ea(h router knowing a)) the detai)s a&out how to route 'a(kets to destinations within its own region, &ut knowing nothing a&out the interna) stru(ture o$ other regions.

Q,8. What is "u)ti(ast routing Ans. 1ending a "essage to a grou' is (a))ed "u)ti(asting, and its routing a)gorith" is (a))ed "u)ti(ast routing.

Q,9. What is tra$$i( sha'ing Ans. =ne o$ the "ain (auses o$ (ongestion is that tra$$i( is o$ten &us*. I$ hosts (ou)d &e "ade to trans"it at a uni$or" rate,(ongestion wou)d &e )ess (o""on. Another o'en )oo' "ethod to he)' "anage (ongestion is $or(ing the 'a(ket to &e trans"itted at a "ore 'redi(ta&)e rate. This is (a))ed tra$$i( sha'ing.

Q,:. What is 'a(ket $i)ter

Ans. 2a(ket $i)ter is a standard router e+ui''ed with so"e e#tra $un(tiona)it*. The e#tra $un(tiona)it* a))ows ever* in(o"ing or outgoing 'a(ket to &e ins'e(ted. 2a(kets "eeting so"e (riterion are $orwarded nor"a))*. Those that $ai) the test are dro''ed.

Q,;. What is virtua) 'ath Ans. A)ong an* trans"ission 'ath $ro" a given sour(e to a given destination, a grou' o$ virtua) (ir(uits (an &e grou'ed together into what is (a))ed 'ath.

Q.0. What is virtua) (hanne) Ans. Airtua) (hanne) is nor"a))* a (onne(tion $ro" one sour(e to one destination, a)though "u)ti(ast (onne(tions are a)so 'er"itted. The other na"e $or virtua) (hanne) is virtua) (ir(uit.

Q.1. What is )ogi(a) )ink (ontro) Ans. =ne o$ two su&)a*ers o$ the data )ink )a*er o$ =1I re$eren(e "ode), as de$ined &* the IEEE :02 standard. This su&)a*er is res'onsi&)e $or "aintaining the )ink &etween (o"'uters when the* are sending data a(ross the 'h*si(a) network (onne(tion.

Q.2. Wh* shou)d *ou (are a&out the =1I <e$eren(e %ode) Ans. It 'rovides a $ra"ework $or dis(ussing network o'erations and design.

Q.,. What is the di$$eren(e &etween routa&)e and non3 routa&)e 'roto(o)s Ans. <outa&)e 'roto(o)s (an work with a router and (an &e used to &ui)d )arge networks. Non3<outa&)e 'roto(o)s are designed to work on s"a)), )o(a) networks and (annot &e used with a router.

Q... What is %A6 Ans. In token <ing , hu& is (a))ed %u)tistation A((ess 6nit/%A60.

Q.5. E#')ain 53.3, ru)e Ans. In a Ethernet network, &etween an* two 'oints on the network, there (an &e no "ore than $ive network seg"ents or $our re'eaters, and o$ those $ive seg"ents on)* three o$ seg"ents (an &e 'o'u)ated.

Q.8. What is the di$$eren(e &etween T5T2 and 5T2 a'')i(ation )a*er 'roto(o)s Ans. The Trivia) 5i)e Trans$er 2roto(o) /T5T20 a))ows a )o(a) host to o&tain $i)es $ro" a re"ote host &ut does not 'rovide re)ia&i)it* or se(urit*. It uses the $unda"enta) 'a(ket de)iver* servi(es o$$ered &* 672. The 5i)e Trans$er 2roto(o) /5T20 is the standard "e(hanis" 'rovided &* T-2 C I2 $or (o'*ing a $i)e $ro" one host to another. It uses the servi(es o$$ered &* T-2 and so is re)ia&)e and se(ure. It esta&)ishes two (onne(tions /virtua) (ir(uits0 &etween the hosts, one $or data trans$er and another $or (ontro) in$or"ation.

Q.9. What is the range o$ addresses in the ()asses o$ internet addresses Ans. -)ass A 0.0.0.0 D 129.255.255.255 -)ass B 12:.0.0.0 D 1;1.255.255.255 -)ass - 1;2.0.0.0 D 22,.255.255.255 -)ass 7 22..0.0.0 D 2,;.255.255.255 -)ass E 2.0.0.0.0 D 2.9.255.255.255

Q.:. What is the "ini"u" and "a#i"u" )ength o$ the header in the T-2 seg"ent and I2 datagra" Ans. The header shou)d have a "ini"u" )ength o$ 20 &*tes and (an have a "a#i"u" )ength o$ 80 &*tes.

Q.;. What is di$$eren(e &etween A<2 and <A<2 Ans. The address reso)ution 'roto(o) /A<20 is used to asso(iate the ,2 &it I2 address with the .: &it 'h*si(a) address, used &* a host or a router to $ind the 'h*si(a) address o$ another host on its network &* sending a A<2 +uer* 'a(ket that in()udes the I2 address o$ the re(eiver. The reverse address reso)ution 'roto(o) /<A<20 a))ows a host to dis(over its Internet address when it knows on)* its 'h*si(a) address.

Q50. What is I-%2 Ans. I-%2 is Internet -ontro) %essage 2roto(o), a network )a*er 'roto(o) o$ the T-2CI2 suite used &* hosts and gatewa*s to send noti$i(ation o$ datagra" 'ro&)e"s &a(k to the sender. It uses the e(ho test C re')* to test whether a destination is rea(ha&)e and res'onding. It a)so hand)es &oth (ontro) and error "essages.

Q51. What are the data units at di$$erent )a*ers o$ the T-2 C I2 'roto(o) suite Ans. The data unit (reated at the a'')i(ation )a*er is (a))ed a "essage, at the trans'ort )a*er the data unit (reated is (a))ed either a seg"ent or an user datagra", at the network )a*er the data unit (reated is (a))ed the datagra", at the data )ink )a*er the datagra" is en(a'su)ated in to a $ra"e and $ina))* trans"itted as signa)s a)ong the trans"ission "edia.

Q52. What is 2roEe(t :02

Ans. It is a 'roEe(t started &* IEEE to set standards that ena&)e inter(o""uni(ation &etween e+ui'"ent $ro" a variet* o$ "anu$a(turers. It is a wa* $or s'e(i$*ing $un(tions o$ the 'h*si(a) )a*er, the data )ink )a*er and to so"e e#tent the network )a*er to a))ow $or inter(onne(tivit* o$ "aEor LAN 'roto(o)s. It (onsists o$ the $o))owingF

G:02.1 is an internetworking standard $or (o"'ati&i)it* o$ di$$erent LANs and %ANs a(ross 'roto(o)s. G:02.2 Logi(a) )ink (ontro) /LL-0 is the u''er su&)a*er o$ the data )ink )a*er whi(h is non3ar(hite(ture3s'e(i$i(, that is re"ains the sa"e $or a)) IEEE3de$ined LANs. G%edia a((ess (ontro) /%A-0 is the )ower su&)a*er o$ the data )ink )a*er that (ontains so"e distin(t "odu)es ea(h (arr*ing 'ro'rietar* in$or"ation s'e(i$i( to the LAN 'rodu(t &eing used. The "odu)es are Ethernet LAN /:02.,0, Token ring LAN /:02..0, Token &us LAN /:02.50. G:02.8 is distri&uted +ueue dua) &us /7Q7B0 designed to &e used in %ANs. Q5,. What is Bandwidth Ans. Ever* )ine has an u''er )i"it and a )ower )i"it on the $re+uen(* o$ signa)s it (an (arr*. This )i"ited range is (a))ed the &andwidth.

Q5.. 7i$$eren(e &etween &it rate and &aud rate. Ans. Bit rate is the nu"&er o$ &its trans"itted during one se(ond whereas &aud rate re$ers to the nu"&er o$ signa) units 'er se(ond that are re+uired to re'resent those &its. &aud rate H &it rate C N where N is no3o$3&its re'resented &* ea(h signa) shi$t.

Q55. What is %A- address

Ans. The address $or a devi(e as it is identi$ied at the %edia A((ess -ontro) /%A-0 )a*er in the network ar(hite(ture. %A- address is usua))* stored in <=% on the network ada'ter (ard and is uni+ue.

Q58. What is attenuation Ans. The degeneration o$ a signa) over distan(e on a network (a&)e is (a))ed attenuation.

Q59. What is ()adding Ans. A )a*er o$ a g)ass surrounding the (enter $i&er o$ g)ass inside a $i&er3o'ti( (a&)e.

Q5:. What is <AI7 Ans. A "ethod $or 'roviding $au)t to)eran(e &* using "u)ti')e hard disk drives.

Q5;. What is NETBI=1 and NETBE6I Ans. NETBI=1 is a 'rogra""ing inter$a(e that a))ows IC= re+uests to &e sent to and re(eived $ro" a re"ote (o"'uter and it hides the networking hardware $ro" a'')i(ations. NETBE6I is NetBI=1 e#tended user inter$a(e. A trans'ort 'roto(o) designed &* "i(roso$t and IB% $or the use on s"a)) su&nets.

Q80. What is redire(tor Ans. <edire(tor is so$tware that inter(e'ts $i)e or 'rints IC= re+uests and trans)ates the" into network re+uests. This (o"es under 'resentation )a*er.

Q81. What is Bea(oning

Ans. The 'ro(ess that a))ows a network to se)$3re'air networks 'ro&)e"s. The stations on the network noti$* the other stations on the ring when the* are not re(eiving the trans"issions. Bea(oning is used in Token ring and 577I networks.

Q82. What is ter"ina) e"u)ation, in whi(h )a*er it (o"es Ans. Te)net is a)so (a))ed as ter"ina) e"u)ation. It &e)ongs to a'')i(ation )a*er.

Q8,. What is $ra"e re)a*, in whi(h )a*er it (o"es Ans. 5ra"e re)a* is a 'a(ket swit(hing te(hno)og*. It wi)) o'erate in the data )ink )a*er.

Q8.. What do *ou "eant &* Itri')e JK in Networks Ans. The $un(tion o$ 2A7 /2a(ket Asse"&)er 7isasse"&)er0 is des(ri&ed in a do(u"ent known as J.,. The standard 'roto(o) has &een de$ined &etween the ter"ina) and the 2A7, (a))ed J.2:L another standard 'roto(o) e#ists &etween hte 2A7 and the network, (a))ed J.2;. Together, these three re(o""endations are o$ten (a))ed Itri')e JK

Q85. What is 1A2 Ans. 1eries o$ inter$a(e 'oints that a))ow other (o"'uters to (o""uni(ate with the other )a*ers o$ network 'roto(o) sta(k.

Q88. What is su&net Ans. A generi( ter" $or se(tion o$ a )arge networks usua))* se'arated &* a &ridge or router.

Q89. What is Brouter Ans. >*&rid devi(es that (o"&ine the $eatures o$ &oth &ridges and routers.

Q8:. >ow Batewa* is di$$erent $ro" <outers Ans. A gatewa* o'erates at the u''er )eve)s o$ the =1I "ode) and trans)ates in$or"ation &etween two (o"')ete)* di$$erent network ar(hite(tures or data $or"ats.

Q8;. What are the di$$erent t*'e o$ networking C internetworking devi(es Ans. <e'eaterF A)so (a))ed a regenerator, it is an e)e(troni( devi(e that o'erates on)* at 'h*si(a) )a*er. It re(eives the signa) in the network &e$ore it &e(o"es weak, regenerates the origina) &it 'attern and 'uts the re$reshed (o'* &a(k in to the )ink.

BridgesF These o'erate &oth in the 'h*si(a) and data )ink )a*ers o$ LANs o$ sa"e t*'e. The* divide a )arger network in to s"a))er seg"ents. The* (ontain )ogi( that a))ow the" to kee' the tra$$i( $or ea(h seg"ent se'arate and thus are re'eaters that re)a* a $ra"e on)* the side o$ the seg"ent (ontaining the intended re(i'ent and (ontro) (ongestion.

<outersF The* re)a* 'a(kets a"ong "u)ti')e inter(onne(ted networks /i.e. LANs o$ di$$erent t*'e0. The* o'erate in the 'h*si(a), data )ink and network )a*ers. The* (ontain so$tware that ena&)e the" to deter"ine whi(h o$ the severa) 'ossi&)e 'aths is the &est $or a 'arti(u)ar trans"ission.

Batewa*sF The* re)a* 'a(kets a"ong networks that have di$$erent 'roto(o)s /e.g. &etween a LAN and a WAN0. The* a((e't a 'a(ket $or"atted $or one 'roto(o) and (onvert it to a 'a(ket $or"atted $or another 'roto(o) &e$ore $orwarding it. The* o'erate in a)) seven )a*ers o$ the =1I "ode).

Q90. What is "esh network Ans. A network in whi(h there are "u)ti')e network )inks &etween (o"'uters to 'rovide "u)ti')e 'aths $or data to trave).

Q91. What is 'assive to'o)og* Ans. When the (o"'uters on the network si"')* )isten and re(eive the signa), the* are re$erred to as 'assive &e(ause the* don4t a"')i$* the signa) in an* wa*. E#a"')e $or 'assive to'o)og* D )inear &us.

Q92. What are the i"'ortant to'o)ogies $or networks Ans. B61 to'o)og*F In this ea(h (o"'uter is dire(t)* (onne(ted to 'ri"ar* network (a&)e in a sing)e )ine. AdvantagesF Ine#'ensive, eas* to insta)), si"')e to understand, eas* to e#tend.

1TA< to'o)og*F In this a)) (o"'uters are (onne(ted using a (entra) hu&. Adva

ntagesF -an &e ine#'ensive, eas* to insta)) and re(on$igure and eas* to trou&)e shoot 'h*si(a) 'ro&)e"s.

<INB to'o)og*F In this a)) (o"'uters are (onne(ted in )oo'. AdvantagesF A)) (o"'uters have e+ua) a((ess to network "edia, insta))ation (an &e si"')e, and signa) does not degrade as "u(h as in other to'o)ogies &e(ause ea(h (o"'uter regenerates it.

Q9,. What are "aEor t*'es o$ networks and e#')ain 1erver3&ased network 2eer3to3'eer network. Ans. 2eer3to3'eer network, (o"'uters (an a(t as &oth servers sharing resour(es and as ()ients using the resour(es. 1erver3&ased networks 'rovide (entra)i?ed (ontro) o$ network resour(es and re)* on server (o"'uters to 'rovide se(urit* and network ad"inistration

Q9.. What is 2roto(o) 7ata 6nit Ans. The data unit in the LL- )eve) is (a))ed the 'roto(o) data unit /2760. The 276 (ontains o$ $our $ie)ds a destination servi(e a((ess 'oint /71A20, a sour(e servi(e a((ess 'oint /11A20, a (ontro) $ie)d and an in$or"ation $ie)d. 71A2, 11A2 are addresses used &* the LLto identi$* the 'roto(o) sta(ks on the re(eiving and sending "a(hines that are generating and using the data. The (ontro) $ie)d s'e(i$ies whether the 276 $ra"e is a in$or"ation $ra"e /I 3$ra"e0 or a su'ervisor* $ra"e /1 D $ra"e0 or a unnu"&ered $ra"e /6 D $ra"e0.

Q95. What is di$$eren(e &etween &ase&and and &road&and trans"ission Ans. In a &ase&and trans"ission, the entire &andwidth o$ the (a&)e is (onsu"ed &* a sing)e signa). In &road&and trans"ission, signa)s are sent on "u)ti')e $re+uen(ies, a))owing "u)ti')e signa)s to &e sent si"u)taneous)*.

Q98. What are the 'ossi&)e wa*s o$ data e#(hange Ans. /i0 1i"')e# /ii0 >a)$3du')e# /iii0 5u))3du')e#.

Q99. What are the t*'es o$ Trans"ission "edia Ans. 1igna)s are usua))* trans"itted over so"e trans"ission "edia that are &road)* ()assi$ied in to two (ategories. Buided %ediaF These are those that 'rovide a (onduit $ro" one devi(e to another that in()ude twisted3'air, (oa#ia) (a&)e and $i&er3o'ti( (a&)e. A signa) trave)ing a)ong an* o$ these "edia is dire(ted and is (ontained &* the 'h*si(a) )i"its o$ the "ediu". Twisted3'air and (oa#ia) (a&)e use "eta))i( that a((e't and trans'ort signa)s in the $or" o$ e)e(tri(a) (urrent. ='ti(a) $i&er is a g)ass or ')asti( (a&)e that a((e'ts and trans'orts signa)s in the $or" o$ )ight. 6nguided %ediaF This is the wire)ess "edia that trans'ort e)e(tro"agneti( waves without using a 'h*si(a) (ondu(tor. 1igna)s are &road(ast either through air. This is done through radio (o""uni(ation, sate))ite (o""uni(ation and (e))u)ar te)e'hon*.

Q9:. 7i$$eren(e &etween the (o""uni(ation and trans"ission. Ans. Trans"ission is a 'h*si(a) "ove"ent o$ in$or"ation and (on(ern issues )ike &it 'o)arit*, s*n(hroni?ation, ()o(k et(.

-o""uni(ation "eans the "eaning $u)) e#(hange o$ in$or"ation &etween two (o""uni(ation "edia.

Q9;.The Internet -ontro) %essage 2roto(o) o((urs at what )a*er o$ the seven )a*er "ode) Ans. Network

Q:0.Whi(h 'roto(o) reso)ves an I2 address to a %A- address Ans. A<2

Q:1.%I7I and %2EB are e#a"')es o$ what )a*er o$ the =1I seven )a*er "ode) Ans. 2resentation

Q:2.What is the 'roto(o) nu"&er $or 672 Ans. 19

Q:,.Whi(h 'roto(o) is used $or &ooting disk)ess workstations Ans. <A<2

Q:..Whi(h )a*er is res'onsi&)e $or 'utting 1s and 0s into a )ogi(a) grou' Ans. 2h*si(a)

Q:5.What does M24 "ean when running a Tra(e Ans. 2roto(o) unrea(ha&)e

Q:8.672 works at whi(h )a*er o$ the 7=7 "ode) Ans. >ost to >ost

Q:9.What is the de$au)t en(a'su)ation o$ Netware ,.12 Ans. :02.2

Q::.2ing uses whi(h Internet )a*er 'roto(o) Ans. I-%2

Q:;.Whi(h swit(hing te(hno)og* (an redu(e the si?e o$ a &road(ast do"ain Ans. ALAN

Q;0.What is the $irst ste' in data en(a'su)ation Ans. 6ser in$or"ation is (onverted into data.

Q;1.What is the 'roto(o) nu"&er $or T-2 Ans. 8

Q;2.What do *ou use the Au# 'ort $or Ans. %ode"

Q;,.<e'eaters work at whi(h )a*er o$ the =1I "ode) Ans. 2h*si(a)

Q;..WAN stands $or whi(h o$ the $o))owing Ans. Wide Area Network

Q;5.What I17N 'roto(o) s'e(i$ies (on(e'ts, ter"ino)og*, and servi(es Ans. I

Q;8.LAN stands $or whi(h o$ the $o))owing Ans. Lo(a) Are Network

Q;9.7>-2 stands $or Ans. 7*na"i( >ost -on$iguration 2roto(o)

Q;:.What does the a(ron*" A<2 stand $or Ans. Address <eso)ution 2roto(o)

Q;;.Whi(h )a*er is res'onsi&)e $or identi$*ing and esta&)ishing the avai)a&i)it* o$ the intended (o""uni(ation 'artner Ans. A'')i(ation.

Q100.Whi(h =1I )a*er 'rovides "e(hani(a), e)e(tri(a), 'ro(edura) $or a(tivating, "aintaining 'h*si(a) )ink Ans. 2h*si(a).