Sanae Case Feudalism: Rights and Responsibilities in Medieval Europe Website

Works Cited

Primary Sources:
"April: Tr s Ri!hes "eures #u #u! #e $err%&"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+-,+31The4illustration45or4April4 5rom46es4Tres4Ri!hes4"eures4du7 The photograph o5 Tr s Ri!hes "eures du #u! de $err%8 2hi!h translates to "The 9er% Ri!h "ours o5 the #uke o5 $err%"8 5rom +3+. b% the 6imbourg brothers depi!ts the nobilit% in Middle Ages "Charlemagne: "olding *rb and S2ord"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+:..;<1Charlemagne4holding4an4 orb4and4a4s2ord4miniature45rom4a7 This pi!tures depi!ts Charlemagne holding an or and s2ord' Charlemagne8 a Frankish king8 2as ke% a person in the development o5 5eudalism' "is pra!ti!e o5 granting land in e=!hange 5or militar% prote!tion laid the ground 5or 5eudalism' Charles the $old re!eiving an *ath o5 Fealt%' #igital image' The $ritish 6ibrar% $oard8 n'd' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'bl'uk1onlinegaller%15eatures15lemish15lemish./-lge'html7' This pi!ture depi!t Charles the $old8 #uke o5 $urgund% re!eiving an *ath o5 Fealt%' An *ath o5 Fealt% 2as a ke% !hara!teristi! during 5eudalism' "Engraving Sho2s 9arious And Sundr% Arms And Armor *5 The Middle Ages'" >n'd'?:Image Collection' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11pro=%gsu4 grl+'galileo'usg'edu1login@urlAhttp:11sear!h'ebs!ohost'!om1login'asp=@

dire!tAtrueBdbAimhBACAimh</;3/<BsiteAeds4liveBs!opeAsite7 An engraving sho2ing various parts o5 a knights armor "Europe8 +/:.'" Map' Muir's Historical Atlas' C'p': n'p'8 +D++' C' pag' Fordham University' (aul "alsall8 +DD;' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'5ordham'edu1halsall1maps1+/:.eur'Epg7' This map sho2s the division o5 Medieval Europe in the %ear +/:.' Ft is used a s resour!e to illustrate 2hi!h areas adopted the 5eudal s%stem' "5eudalism: "omage Ceremon%"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1D3/:/1#etail45rom4 the4"eidelberger4Sa!hsenspiegel4sho2ing4the4homage4!eremon%4in7 This photo sho2s the homage !eremon%8 in 2hi!h the vassals put themselves under the prote!tion o5 their lords b% pla!ing their hands bet2een his hands' This image !omes 5rom the+3th !entur%' Feudalism: Serfs Giving Animals to Their ord' (hotograph' !ritannica "nline for #ids' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11kids'britanni!a'!om1elementar%1art4;:;D:7' This photograph illustrates peasants and ser5s giving their animals and other items to their lords' Froissart8 Gean8 and Heo55re% $rereton' Chronicles' "armonds2orth: (enguin8 +D,;' (rint' This sour!e is a re!ord 5rom the +3th and +<th !enturies depi!ting knights and medieval times in a vivid 2a%' This book allo2ed me to "e=perien!e" medieval times8 thus giving me a better

"illuminated Manus!ript: Mar!h"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+-,-.1The4 illustration45or4Mar!h45rom46es4Tres4Ri!hes4"eures4du7 This image depi!ts a peasant tilling the land on a manor' "illuminated Manus!ript: September"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+-,-31The4 illustration45or4September45rom46es4Tres4Ri!hes4"eures4du7 The illustration 5or September 5rom 6es Tr s Ri!hes "eures du du! de $err%8 manus!ript illuminated b% the 6imburg $rothers8 !' +3+: depi!ts the !astle and peasants 2orking on the 5ie5' An illustrated manus!ript 5rom the Middle Ages sho2s the 5uture Iing Ed2ard FF o5 England pa%ing his respe!ts to Iing (hilip F9 o5 Fran!e' #igital image' The Hranger Colle!tion8 CJC8 !' +3-.' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'granger'!om1pr1-3<.;D;+1HrangerK..-D<+<Kprevie2'Epg7' This pi!ture depi!ts the (rin!e o5 Wales8 later kno2n as Iing Ed2ard FF o5 England8 pa%ing homage to Iing (hilip F9 o5 Fran!e in +/.3' "Eoust"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1:+:D1(airs4o54mounted4knights4 Eousting4simultaneousl%42ood!ut4+<:<7 A photo depi!ting pairs o5 mounted knights Eousting simultaneousl%' "knight in Hothi! Armour"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+<.+,<1Inight4in4Hothi!4

armour4+<th4!entur%42ood!ut7 This photo sho2s a knight prepared 5or battle in gothi! armor' "knight: Medieval Inights in $attle"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+:3+<31Manus!ript4illustration4 o54medieval4knights4in4battle7 Medieval knights in battle' Map re5le!ting CharlemagneLs empire division' #igital image' ouis the $ious : A !rief "vervie% of the Changing French andsca&e: '() * '+,- E!kerd College Communit%8 n'd' Web' 0http:11home'e!kerd'edu1Moberhot15louisphis'htm7' This map re5le!ts the division o5 CharlemagneLs empire among his sons8 2hi!h sho2s ho2 during the medieval ages8 land !ould be given to su!!essors' "Ma%: Tr s Ri!hes "eures #u #u! #e $err%&"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1-<:-,1The4illustration45or4the4 month4o54Ma%45rom4the4Tres7 This photograph8 Ma%: Tr s ri!hes heures du du! de $err%8 b% the 6imburg brothers8 depi!ts a group nobles gathering' This image allo2s me to have a better understanding o5 2hat li5e 2as during the medieval ages' Reeve and Ser5s' #igital image' .i/i&edia' Wikipedia8 -..;' Web' 0http:11upload'2ikimedia'org12ikipedia1!ommons1:1:+1ReeveKandKSer5s'Epg7' Medieval illustration o5 men harvesting 2heat 2ith reaping4hooks 0oman 1m&ire +2) Ma&' #igital image' The Fall of the 0oman 1m&ire' Nshistor%'org8 -.+/' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'ushistor%'org1!iv1images1...-.<+;'Epg7'

This map o5 the Roman Empire in 3,: C'E' sho2s the various people8 like Hermani! tribes8 2ho invaded and ho2 the% !arved up the Empire' S!holasti! Fn!' ife in the Middle Ages' #igital image' The 3e% !oo/ of #no%ledge' S!holasti! Fn!8 -.+/' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' This pi!ture provided a look into the dail% lives o5 the medieval people' Shepherd8 William R' $lan of a Medieval Manor' #igital image' "enr% "olt and Compan%88 n'd' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11upload'2ikimedia'org12ikipedia1!ommons1thumb1:1:b1(lanKmediaevalKm anor'Epg13.:p=4(lanKmediaevalKmanor'Epg7' This image depi!ts a generi! plan o5 a medieval manor' Sir 6an!elot in a battle' #igital image' The 3e% !oo/ of #no%ledge' Wood River Haller%8 -.+/' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11nbk'grolier'!om1mediaKba!k1gepO...+-D1.mp1+.:.3:<:7' This image depi!ts legendar% knight8 Sir 6an!elot8 in battle' #uring the Middle Ages8 knights 2ent into battle in the servi!e o5 5eudal lords' Fn e=!hange8 the knights re!eived grants o5 land' "S2ord PEuropean >possibl% S!andinavian?Q" ><<'3:'+? Fn "eilbrunn Timeline o5 Art "istor% ' Ce2 Jork: The Metropolitan Museum o5 Art8 -...R' "ttp:11222'metmuseum'org1toah12orks4o54art1<<'3:'+' >*!tober -..:? A European s2ord 5rom the tenth !entur%' "White To2er"' (hotograph' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a *nline' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1media1+:.D/31The4White4To2er4the4 !entral4keep4o54the4To2er4o57 This photograph depi!ts The White To2er8 the

!entral keep o5 the To2er o5 6ondon' The To2er o5 6ondon 2as a !astle built b% William the ConOueror to !ontrol the people o5 England during the Middle Ages' "William + +.::8 William The ConOueror >+.-, 4 +.;,? Who Claimed And Won The English Cro2n Supported $% The (ope'*rdered The Compilation *5 The #omesda% $ook' >+,<3'?: Image Collection' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' William F o5 England8 also kno2n as WFlliam the !onOueror8 2as the the king 2ho implemented the 5eudal s%stem into England' Women Weaving in 6oom' #igital image' The 3e% !oo/ of #no%ledge' S!holasti! Fn!8 n'd' Web' +, #e!' -.+/' 0http:11nbk'grolier'!om1mediaKba!k1gear....++1.mp1+.:.3:<-7' This photograph depi!ts 5our 2omen 2eaving on a loom' #uring the middle ages8 the 2i5e o5 the lord o5 the manor oversa2 man% tasks' Among them 2ere spinning and 2eaving' understanding'

Secondary Sources:
Al!hin8 6inda' "#ail% 6i5e o5 a Coble 6ord in the Middle Ages'" 4aily ife of a 3o5le ord in the Middle Ages' 6ords and 6adies8 -.+/' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'lordsandladies'org1dail%4li5e4noble4lord4middle4ages'htm7' This sour!e provided an in4depth vie2 regarding the dail% lives o5 nobles and lords in a 5eudalisti! so!iet%' Ft allo2ed 5or me to see 2hat lords and nobles 2ere like in a !learer vie2'

Al!hin8 6inda' "Feudalism and Inights'" Feudalism and #nights' 6ords and 6adies8 -.+/' Web' +< #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'lordsandladies'org15eudalism4and4 knights'htm7' This sour!e provided in5ormation about knights in the 5eudal s%stem8 spe!i5i!all% grants o5 land8 the oath o5 5ealt%8 the 5eudal lev% and the knightLs role on the "5eudalism" p%ramid' Al!hin8 6inda' "Feudalism'" Middle Ages: Feudalism' 6ords and 6adies8 +: Gul% -.+-' Web' +< #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'lordsandladies'org15eudalism'htm7' This 2ebsite provided in5ormation regarding li5e during the Middle Ages' Ft also gave thorough in5ormation on 5eudalism and the so!ial hierar!h%8 or as !oined b% the 2ebsite8 the "(%ramid o5 (o2er"' $oulton8 Gonathan8 ed' "Feudalism'" Grolier "nline' The Ce2 $ook o5 Ino2ledge8 -.+/' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11nbk'grolier'!om1n!page@ tnA1en!%!1arti!le'htmlBidAa-.+.+..4 hBt%peA.ta7' This sour!e in!luded in5ormation on the rise and de!line o5 5eudalism8 the so!ial hierar!h%8 and the manor' Cooper8 Ienneth S' "Middle Ages'" Grolier "nline' The Ce2 $ook o5 Ino2ledge8 -.+/' Web' +< #e!' -.+/' 0http:11nbk'grolier'!om1n!page@ tnA1en!%!1arti!le'htmlBidAa-.+D+D.4 hBt%peA.ta7' This en!%!lopedia arti!le !ontain in5ormation on the Earl% Middle Ages8 CharlemagneLs Empires8 medieval li5e8 and the manorial s%stem8 2hi!h are all topi!s vital to the proEe!t' "Feudal S%stem So!ial "ierar!h%'" Hierarchy' "ierar!h%stru!ture'!om8 -.+/' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'hierar!h%stru!ture'!om15eudal4s%stem4so!ial4hierar!h%17'

This sour!e provided an overvie2 o5 the 5eudal s%stem so!ial hierar!h%8 as 2ell as a help5ul in5ographi! about the the s%stem' "Feudalism'" 1ncyclo&aedia !ritannica "nline i5rary 1dition' En!%!lop)dia $ritanni!a8 n'd' Web' -, Cov' -.+/' 0http:11librar%'eb'!om1eb1arti!le4D./3+<.7' This sour!e 5rom the En!%!lopedia $ritanni!a provided a general de5inition o5 the term 5eudalism' Ft also provided insight in the origins o5 the 2ord itsel5' Freudenri!h8 Craig' ""o2 Inights Work'" Ho%Stuff.or/s' "o2stu552orks'!om8 -- Gan' -..;' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11histor%'ho2stu552orks'!om1histori!al4 5igures1knight+'htm7' This sour!e provided e=tensive in5ormation regarding knights in the 5eudal s%stem in!luding in5ormation about be!oming a knight8 the knighting !eremon%8 armors and 2eapons8 and terms su!h as !hivalr%' Gupp8 Ienneth' "European Feudalism 5rom Fts Emergen!e through Fts #e!line'" American 6ournal of 1conomics and Sociology <D'< >-...?: -,43<' (rint' This sour!e provided in5ormation regarding the rise and de!line o5 5eudalism 5rom and e!onomists standpoint' "Inight >!avalr%man?'" 1ncyclo&edia !ritannica "nline' En!%!lopedia $ritanni!a Fn!8 -.+/' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'britanni!a'!om1E$!he!ked1topi!1/-./.-1knight7' This en!%!lopedia entr% provided a general overvie2 and brie5 de5inition o5 the term Inight' Ft also provided areas 5or 2hi!h F !ould do more resear!h in' "Inights'" The Middle Ages' Cortheastern Edu!ational Television o5 *hio8 -..;' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:112esternreservepubli!media'org1middleages15eudKknights'htm7' This

sour!e !ontains in5ormation about the pro!ess o5 be!oming a knight during 5eudalism' Ft has in5ormation about the knightLs armor8 2eaponr% and !lothingS their homesS and !hivalr%8 too' "6ouis the (ious : A $rie5 *vervie2 o5 the Changing Fren!h 6ands!ape: ;.: 4 ;3/'" ouis the $ious: History and Ma&s' E!kerd College Communit%8 n'd' Web' +: #e!' -.+/' 0http:11home'e!kerd'edu1Moberhot15louisphis'htm7' This sour!e !ontained an overvie2 the division o5 Fran!e 5or his three sons b% Charlemagne' This gave me the opportunit% to this s!enario as an e=ample o5 ho2 a Iing8 Charlemagne8 passes and divides his kingdom through his 5amil% instead o5 a lord or noble' Corris8 Mi!hael' "Feudalism and Inights in Medieval Europe'" Heil5runn Timeline of Art History' The Metropolitan Museum o5 Art8 *!t' -..+' Web' +< #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'metmuseum'org1toah1hd15eud1hdK5eud'htm7' This sour!e !ontains in5ormation about the rise o5 knights8 as 2ell as in5o about the 2eaponr% and tournaments' Ft also gave me a!!ess to photographs' Ro2ling8 MarEorie' 1veryday ife in Medieval Times- 6ondon: $ats5ord8 +D:;' +-3' (rint' This book provided a good overvie2 on the !ross4se!tion o5 Medieval so!ieties in Europe' Ft !ontained a plethora o5 in5ormation about 5eudalism and the relationships bet2een the !lasses in the middle ages' Truemam8 Chris' "Feudalism'" History earning Site' The "istor% 6earning Site 6td8 -.+/' Web' +3 #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'histor%learningsite'!o'uk15eudalism'htm7' This sour!e !ontained in5ormation about William the ConOueror8 the king 2ho

introdu!ed 5eudalism to England' This in5ormation provided 5or an e=ample o5 a king during the 5eudal s%stem to use in m% proEe!t' "Nnited Iingdom'" 1ncyclo&aedia !ritannica "nline i5rary 1dition' En!%!lopaedia $ritanni!a8 n'd' Web' -, Cov' -.+/' 0http:11librar%'eb'!om1eb1arti!le433,:D7' This sour!e provided a more in4depth look at 5eudalism in the Nnited Iingdom during the Middle Ages' Spe!i5i!all%8 it provided details on the role o5 the "tenants4in4!hie5" and the king' Nshistor%'org' ":5' The Fall o5 the Roman Empire'" The Fall of the 0oman 1m&ire' Fndependen!e "all Asso!iation8 n'd' Web' +/ #e!' -.+/' 0http:11222'ushistor%'org1!iv1:5'asp7' This sour!e !ontains histori!al in5ormation regarding the de!line o5 the Roman Empire' The period in 2hi!h 5eudalism began happens a5ter the 5all o5 the Roman Empire8 thus kno2ing in5ormation about that time is vital to m% resear!h' Woog8 Adam' The 1arly Middle Ages' San #iego8 CA: Re5eren!e(oint8 -.+-' <:4::' (rint' This sour!e provided detailed in5ormation about 5eudalism in!luding in5ormation about the rise o5 5eudalism8 the lives o5 the lord8 the knight8 and the peasants' Ft also provided in5ormation about 5ealt% and the manor house'