Subject Code: TC 501 Subject Name: Digital Signal Processing

Credits: 3: 1: 0

UNIT 1 DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Definition of DFT and its inverse, Properties of DFT: linearity, time shift, frequency shift, symmetry for real sequences, complex conjugate, circular folding, multiplication, circular correlation, inner product, or parseval's relation, linear filtering using DFT, signal segmentation method: overlap and add , overlap and save methods methods. UNIT 2 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: FFT algorithms: direct computation of DFT, need for efficient computation of DFT (FFT algorithms), radix 2 FFT algorithms for computation of DFT, IDFT, decimation in time, decimation in frequency algorithms, Chrip Z transforms, Goertzel algorithm, relationship between DFT and other transforms. Frequency analysis of signals using DFT UNIT 3 IIR FILTERS: Frequency domain specification of IIR filters, frequency transformations, magnitude response and frequency response of Butterworth filters, and its properties, determination of filter order and transfer function of Butterworth filters. Magnitude frequency response of Chebyshev filters, and its properties, determination of filter order and transfer function of Chebyshev filters. Design of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters, Structure of digital filters, BLT and its properties, Backward difference method, numerical solutions for differential equations, Impulse Invariant transforms, Matched Z transforms, Design of analog filter using Digital filter. UNIT 4 FIR FILTERS: Need for FIR filters, Symmetry and Anti symmetry conditions for linear phase, design of FIR filters using -Rectangular, Hamming, Harming, Blackman, Bartlet and Kaiser windows, FIR filter design using frequency sampling technique. UNIT 5 REALIZATION OF FIR FILTERS: Direct form I and Direct form II relationship of an IIR filter, Cascade realization of an IIR filter, Parallel realization of an IIR filter, Direct form I realization of FIR filter, Realization of FIR filter with linear phase, Lattice realization of FIR filter.

Subject code: TC502 Credits: 4: 0: 0 Subject Name: Analog Communication UNIT 1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION AND DOUBLE SIDEBAND SUPRESSED CARRIER MODULATION: Introduction to AM: Time domain description, Frequency domain description. Generation of AM wave: Square Law modulator, switching modulator. Detection of AM waves: square law detector, envelop detector. DSBSC: Time domain description, frequency domain representation. Generation of DSBSC wave: Balanced modulator, ring modulator. Coherent detection of DSBSC modulated waves COSAS LOOP. Quadrature carrier multiplexing. UNIT 2 SINGLE SIDE-BAND MODULATION: Hilbert transform, properties of Hilbert transform, pre-envelope, canonical representation of bandpass signals, SSB modulation, frequency domain and time domain description of SSBSC wave, Generation and detection of SSB waves. Frequency and time domain description of VSB wave, generation of VSB modulated wave, envelope detection of VSB wave plus carrier, Comparison of amplitude modulation techniques. Frequency translation, Frequency division multiplexing. Application: Radio broadcasting, AM Radio. UNIT 3 ANGLE MODULATOIN: Basic Definitions, FM Narrowband, FM wideband, transmission bandwidth of FM waves, Generation of FM waves, Indirect and direct method of FM Generation, Demodulation of FM waves, FM stereo multiplexing, phase locked loop, non linear model of the phase locked loop. Linear method of PLL, npn linear effects in FM systems. UNIT 4 NOISE BASICS AND NOISE IN CONTINUOS WAVE MODULATION SYSTEMS: Introduction to noise, shot noise, thermal noise, white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth, noise figure,noise equivalent noise temperature, Cascade connection of two port network. Noise in continuos wave modulation systems : Introduction, receiver "modes, noise in DSBSC receiver, noise in SSB receivers, noise in AM receivers, Threshold effect, noise in FM receivers, FM threshold effect, Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM. UNIT 5 RANDOM PROCESS: Random Variables : Several Random Variables, Statistical averages: Function of Random Variables, moments, mean correlation and covariance function, principles of autocorrelation function, cross correlation functions, central limit theorem, properties of Gaussian process.

Subject code: TC503 Subject Name: Microwaves and Radar

Credits: 4: 0: 0

UNIT 1 MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINE: Introduction, transmission line equation and solution, Reflection and transmission coefficients, SWR, line impedance, and line admittance, Smith chart, impedance matching using single stub. UNIT 2 MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDES AND PASSIVE DEVICES: Analysis of rectangular waveguides (TE and TM modes), Scattering matrix, waveguide Tees, Magic tees, Directional coupler, Circulator, Isolator, Attenuators, Phase shifters. UNIT 3 MICROWAVE DIODES AND STRIPLINES: Solid State Devices: PIN diode, GUNN diode, parametric devices. Microstrip Lines, Parallel strip lines, Coplanar strip lines, Shielded Strip lines. UNIT 4 MICROWAVE TUBE AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS: Klystron amplifiers, Reflex Klystron, TWTA, Magnetron UNIT 5 MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AND RADAR: Microwave applications in communication and application of microwave heating in industrial domains. Basic Radar, The simple form of the Radar equation, Radar block diagram, Radar frequencies, application of Radar, the origins of Radar. Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar, Moving target detector, pulse Doppler radar.

Subject Code: TC504 Credits:4:0:0 Subject Name: Antenna and Wave Propagation (UNIT 1) ANTENNA BASICS: Introduction to Antenna basics, current distribution on a thin wire antenna, Radiation pattern, Beam area and beam solid angle, Radiation intensity and beam efficiency, Gain and directivity, Antenna aperture, radiation efficiency, Polarization, Effective height of an antenna, Antenna efficiency and relation between gain and directivity, Friis Transmission formula, Antenna temperatures, Antenna field zones. (UNIT 2) POINT SOURCES AND ARRAYS: Introduction to point sources, power theorem and power pattern, Radiation intensity, field pattern, phase pattern, Arrays: broadside and end fire array, ANTENNA ARRAY-ACTIVE ARRAY: Isotropic Array End fire, Isotropic Array Broadside, Multiple element array, Phased array, Non isotropic array, Pattern multiplication: examples of pattern synthesis by pattern multiplication, Hansen and Woodyard array, array with unequal power, Binomial arrays, Dolph-Chebychev arrays (UNIT 3) ELECTRIC DIPOLES AND THIN LINEAR ANTENNAS: Introduction to short electric dipoles, Expression for far field Electric and Magnetic components, Radiation resistance of a short dipole, Field pattern of dipole in general, Thin linear antenna, Expression for A z , E and H, Radiation resistance, Field expression of small loop antenna, Radiation resistance and directivity of loop antenna, Folded dipole and design, Patch antenna and design, Slot antennas, Babinets principle and complementary antennas (UNIT 4) ANTENNA TYPES: Horn antenna, Helical antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, Corner reflectors, Parabolic reflectors, Lens antenna, Omnidirectional antennas, MIMO antennas, Fractal antenna, Smart antenna, antennas for satellite, antennas for ground penetrating radars, Embedded antennas, Ultra wide band antennas, plasma antenna. MICROSTRIP ANTENNA: Salient features, Advantages and limitations, rectangular microstrip antenna, Feedmethods, characteristics, computer aided design model. (UNIT 5) RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION : The three basic types of propagation:Ground wave, space wave and sky wave propagation, Sky Wave Propagation: Structure of the ionosphere, Effective dielectric constant of ionized region, Mechanism of refraction, Refractive index, Critical frequency, Skip distance, Effect of earths magnetic field, Energy loss in the ionosphere due to Collisions, Maximum usable frequency, Fading and diversity reception. Space Wave Propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves, Reflection characteristics of earth, Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver, Duct propagation. Ground Wave Propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation, Calculation of field strength at a distance, Problems.

Subject Code: TC 505 Credits : 3:0:0 Subject: Linear ICs and Applications UNIT 1 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER FUNDAMENTALS: Basic Op-Amp circuit, Op-Amp parameters Input and output voltage, CMRR and PSRR, offset voltages and currents, Input and output impedances, Slew rate and Frequency limitations; Op-Amps as DC Amplifiers- Biasing Op-Amps, Direct coupled Voltage Followers, Non-inverting Amplifiers, Inverting amplifiers, Summing amplifiers, Difference amplifier. UNIT 2 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AS A/C AMPLIFIERS: Capacitor coupled Voltage Follower, High input impedance Capacitor coupled Voltage Follower, Capacitor coupled Non-inverting Amplifiers, High input impedance Capacitor coupled Non-inverting Amplifiers, Capacitor coupled Inverting amplifiers, setting the upper cut-off frequency, Capacitor coupled Difference amplifier, Use of a single polarity power supply. UNIT 3 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATION: Voltage sources, current sources and current sinks, Current amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifiers, Limiting circuits, Clamping circuits, Peak detectors, sample and hold circuits, V to I and I to V converters, Log and antilog amplifiers, Multiplier and divider, Triangular / rectangular wave generators, Wave form generator design, phase shift oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator. UNIT 4 NON - LINEAR CIRCUIT APPLICATION: crossing detectors, inverting Schmitt trigger circuits, Monostable & Astable multivibrator, Active Filters First and second order Low pass & High pass filters. (Text 1: Voltage Regulators: Introduction, Series Op-Amp regulator, IC Voltage regulators, 723 general purpose regulator, Switching regulator. UNIT 5 LINEAR IC APPLICATION: 555 timer - Basic timer circuit, 555 timer used as astable and monostable multivibrator, Schmitt trigger; PLL-operating principles, Phase detector / comparator, VCO; D/A and A/D converters Basic DAC Techniques, AD converters.

Subject code: TCE26 Subject name: VLSI CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

Credits: 3:0:1

UNIT 1 AN OVERVIEW OF VLSI: complexity and design, Basic concepts LOGIC DESIGN WITH MOSFETs: Ideal switches and Boolean operations, MOSFETS and switches, basic logic gates in cmos, complex logic gates in cmos, transmission gate circuits, clocking and data flow control. SILICON SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: An overview, wafer processing, oxidation, epitaxy, deposition, ion implantation and diffusion, the silicon gate process, a basic n-well process, p-well process, twin tub process, silicon on insulator. UNIT 2 PHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL DESIGN OF CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Integrated circuit layers, MOSFETs, CMOS Layers, Designing FET Array. Basic concepts, Layout of basic structures, Cell concepts, FET sizing and unit transistor, Physical design of logic gates, Design Hierarchies UNIT 3 ELECTRONIC ANALYSIS OF CMOS LOGIC GATES DC Characters tics of the CMOS inverter, Inverter switching characterstics, power dissipation, DC characterstics of NAND & NOR gates, NAND & NOR transient response, Analysis of complex logic gates, Gates design for transient performance, Transmission gates & pass transistors. UNIT 4 DESIGNING HIGH SPEED CMOS LOGIC NETWORKS: Gate delays, Driving large capacitive loads, Logic effort, BICMOS drivers. ADVANCECD TECHNIQUE IN CMOS LOGIC CIRCUITS: Mirror circuits, Pseudo nmos,Tristate circuits, Clocked CMOS,Dynamic CMOS logic circuits,Dual rail logic networks. UNIT 5 BEYOND CMOS: Evolutionary advances beyond CMOS, carbon nanotubes, conventional versus tactile computing, molecular and biological computing, moletronics- molecular diodes and diode - diode logic. Defect tolerant computing, Quantum dot cellular automata, MODFET devices, HBT s.