Asian Holocaust : WMD Opium, Sex Slaves, Nanjing Massacre Pillage, Slavery, WMD Unit !

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Angry at the Japanese atrocities in Nanjing during WWII, German diplomat Georg Rosen sent Magee's film to Nazi government and requested film be shown to Hitler to prove that Japanese army was a "Violent Killing Machine". The real Root Ca se of Japan s remorselessness is the Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity. Without the !o"er#up, Japan $ill ha"e to naturally and $illingly follo$ the great e%ample set by the courageous Germany& 'or (apanese, t)e courageous *uestion is still )aunting : 'hat (i( yo (o in the 'ar) *a((y +

e,treme "tate!#errorism against H manity

Reasons for Japan's -fficial e,treme "tate!#errorism Comparison ! Germany vs Japan Cover! p of "tate!#errorism against H manity ! .orgotten /sian Holoca st Has Japan apologize( + -fficial apology or 0ersonal apology + 1as 2 ni "hrine ! Japanese sym$ol of 0eace + 'M* *r g 'arfare against H manity ! -pi m) Heroin) Morphia ! Contin ation of the 3nternational *r g Holoca st ! 'M* Chemical 'arfare against H manity ! %nit 456 'M* 7iological 'arfare against H manity ! %nit 895) 5:: etc& Criminal ;nrichment against H manity ! ;,tortion) <ooting) "lavery) "e, "laves = *r gging of /sia Mass Rape Crime against H manity ! "e, "laves "lavery Crime against H manity ! 0o') "lave <a$orers Civilian) 0o' Massacre against H manity ! Nan>ing Massacre *enial against H manity ! *enial) Nan>ing Massacre *eath #oll 9? years History #e,t$oo2 legal $attle .alsification of History #e,t$oo2 Japan's 'M* /tomic 7om$ 0ro>ect !! #he n!#hin2a$le Hiroshima @ Necessity or #rage(y + .orgiveness) /pology) Compensation *oes Japan (eserve permanent %&N& "ec rity Co ncil mem$ership + Japan's "o l "earching

History has calle( s into /ction

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(apan +it) a )istory o, aggression, crimes against Humanity, +it) NO signs o, remorse, is untrust+ort)y to -e a permanent mem-er on t)e UN Security .ouncil& Japanese way of German way of /pology /pology / g& 54) ?::6 *ec& 8) 5A8: Honora-le (u/ge 0os) 0amana1a spea1s against (apan2s U&N& -i/ <etter to %&N& "ecretary General +it) Millions signatures to U&N& to reject (apan

.rom History) Militarism is e,treme "tate!#errorism B

-pi m) Heroin) Morphia ! 3nh man 'M* *r g 'arfare ! Contin ation of 3nternational *r g Holoca st !
#his 'M* *r g 'arfare is (efinitely the worst an( only 2nown war crime case of systematic massive (r g (oping of civilian against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r H man History& Japan was one of the /,is of ;vil of the 3nternational *r g Holoca st& During t)e +ar, (apan ma/e arrangement -et+een t)e 1a2 za CJapanese organize( criminal organizationD, in/ustrialists 3inclu/ing )ouse)ol/ names suc) as Mits i an/ " z 2i4 an/ t)e military pro/uce/ t)e pro,ita-le -pi m Monopoly 7 rea , a legali5e/ /ope pe//ling -usiness -et+een t)e military government an/ t)e )oo/s& (apan use/ opiates to +ea1en .)inese resistance, an/ /eli-erately ,ostere/ /rug a//iction in t)e occupie/ areas o, .)ina& 6e,ore t)e WW77, (apan +as *uite a+are o, t)e social /estruction t)at /rugs coul/ cause, as +ell as t)e /evastating role t)at 7ritish -pi m )a/ -roug)t onto .)ina& 8)ere,ore, ,ollo+ing 6ritis) Opium ,ootsteps, t)e (apanese /istri-ute/ -pi m , Heroin an/ Morphia along t)e .)inese coast& A,ter coloni5ing 9orea, /uring its !% years o, -rutal colonial governance o, 9orea, t)e (apanese force( Korean farmers to grow opi m for Japan's opi m operations & 7n 5A5E, t)e (apanese opium pro,it in 8ai+an alone )a/ reac)e/ more than E Million yen& On 5A95 Sept ":, +)en .)ina +as still engaging in its Civil 'ar, (apan sei5e/ t)e opportunity an/ engineere/ a rail+ay sa-otage 1no+n as t)e "M 2(en 3nci(ent" or "A5E 3nvasion" or "Manch rian 3nci(ent" as an excuse to resume/ its invasion& 'ollo+ing t)e explosion o, t)e local rail+ay line, t)e (apanese army -lame/ .)inese sol/iers ,or sa-otaging ;

its supply lines& Wit)in mont)s, (apan occupie/ muc) o, t)e Nort)eastern part < Manc)uria o, .)ina, +)ile t)e <eag e of Nations stoo/ i/ly -y& (apan imme/iately trans,orme/ Manc)uria into a vast poppy ,iel/& Mits i t)en processe/ Manc)urian Opium into Heroin& Japan $ecame the largest -pi m pro( cer t)roug)out t)e ,irst )al, o, t)e ;#t) century, initially in 9orea, an/ t)en in Manc)uria& Accor/ing to =/ .air Chance for /sia= -y Putnam Weale, even as early as 5A5A, Japan alrea(y (istri$ te( ?: tons of morphia to China ann ally ! s fficient to poison a whole nation& 6y 5A98) Japan an( its gangster operate( worl('s largest (r g traffic2ing system an( were responsi$le for A: F of the worl('s illicit narcotics& At 5A98, in a <eag e of Nations Opium A/visory .ommittee meeting, R ssell 0asha (eclare( Japan was responsi$le for virt ally /<< of the worl('s illicit narcotics& 'or /etails, re,er to -oo1 -pi m ;mpire@ Japanese 3mperialism an( *r g #raffic2ing in /sia) 5EA4!5AG4& 8)e 'M* *r g 'arefare earne( Japan H9:: million CeI ivalent of H9&4 $illion in ?::5D per year from the $an2r pt China +it) its Drug strategy o, nation against nation& 8o encourage a//iction an/ ,urt)er enslave t)e .)inese people in t)e occupie/ area, (apanese +artime occupation aut)orities /istri-ute/ as muc) -pi m , Heroin, an/ Morphia as possi-le& (apanese routinely use/ narcotics as payment ,or t)e la-or& Heroin cigarettes +ere o,,ere/ to c)il/ren as young as ten& History pro,essor Minser Searle 6ates conclu/e/ t)at in Nanjing alone )as a-out $#,### /rug a//icte/ people, ">: o, city population +ere using Opium an/ )eroin& (apan reinstate/ poppy ,arms& 9oreans +ere put in c)arge o, t)e illegal /rug operations to ensure t)at no (apanese agents ris1e/ a//iction& Since 5889, 7ritish -pi m )a/ -roug)t onto .)ina More than a cent ry of (evastating social (estr ction an( economic (isasters, contri-ute/ to t)e ruin o, a once<great an/ +ealt)y .)ina& 7n t)e early ":t) century, 6ritain +as pus)ing Opium into .)ina at an ever<increasing rate& !

8ra/e in opium +as illegal in .)ina, -ut 6ritis) an/ ot)er merc)ants unloa/e/ t)eir cargo o,,s)ore, selling it to .)inese smugglers& 6y t)e early "?t) century, .)ina +as completely corrupte/ an/ +ea1ene/ -y t)e 7ritish -pi m& As a result, -ot) t)e Chinese central an( local government officials were completely corr pte( $y this a((ictive (r g& -pi m infecte( China so $a(ly that a((icts were even fo n( in the military& 'rom t)e 7mperial Palace to lo+ly la-ourers, tens o, Millions ,amilies -ro1en& 8)e +)ole nation +as on t)e verge o, collapse& 8)e num-er 1ept gro+ing an/ gre+ exponentially& 6y 5E?:, > st one city "oochow alone ha( alrea(y 5::)::: a((icts& 8)e /rug tra,,ic cause/ a (isastro s o tflow of China's wealth& 7n 58A9) China's silver reserve was estimate( at 8: million taels of silver Cappro,imately ?&6 million 2ilogramsD& 7y 5E?:) it ha( $een re( ce( to only a$o t 5: million taels & & However) even in 5E?:) China was still generating 5J9 of the worl('s gross (omestic pro( ct& 7y 5A4:) that share ha( fallen to only 4F& Alarme/, ;mperor of China (eclares war on *r gs& @mperor appointe/ Ain 8se<Hsu to suppress t)e Opium tra,,ic& 8+ice Ain +rote <etter to K een Victoria to see1 )er intercession, -ut to no avail& 'inally resulte/ in ? -pi m 'ars +it) 6ritain& 3t was the .irst ? real 'ars on (r gs in o r H man History& .ompletely +ea1ene/ an/ corrupte/ -y t)e 7ritish -pi m, +it) an impotent, naive an/ conservative government, .)ina +as no matc) against Western tec)nologies& De,eate/, .)ina +as ,orce/ to legali5e t)e importation an/ sale o, Opium -y 6ritain& 'or /etails, re,er to History of the -pi m #ra(e in China 7mme/iately, ot)er Western Christian countries, e&g& U&S& an/ 'renc) tra/ers ,ollo+e/ to gra- t)eir s)are o, ,ortune& Nearly /<< %&"& companies followe( to -pi m!traffic2ing into China& Writing )ome, an /merican name( 'arren *elano of R ssell = Company) sai( he co l( not preten( to > stify the opi m tra(e on moral gro n(s) "$ t as a merchant 3 insist it has $een fair) honora$le an( legitimate=&

Warren Delano returne/ to America ric)& He gave )is /aug)ter Sara in marriage to a +ell-orn neig)-or, (ames Coosevelt, t)e father of .ran2lin Roosevelt& 8o preserve t)e 8rut) o, History, t)e %&"& 0resi(ent's $iographer Geoffrey 'ar( re>ects efforts of the *elano family to minimize 'arren's -pi m (ar2 secret& On April ;%, 5E49, t)e Times ran the following ;(itorial con(emning -pi m tra(e an( 'estern Christian co ntries: =.)ina lost all control over t)e importation into )er -or/ers o, t)e poison s)e so muc) a-)orre/& 8)e opium tra,,ic&&& )as -een increasing &&&& an/ is ,ast sprea/ing into t)e interior& 6:)::: chests are ann ally importe( &&&&&& ;nglan() it is tr e) receives an immense s m into her #reas ry &&&&&&= =#he effects pon the progress of Christianity are most (eleterio s& #he Christian may well $l sh at the re$ 2e of the r ine( 0agan &&&&&&& =

Accor/ing to Da-riel D& Na)as =#he *ecline of *r gge( Nations= 7y 5A::) China ha( A: Million a((icts ca se( $y 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroin an( Morphia&

54: years contin o s flow of immense amo nt of the -pi m money from China ha( significantly finance( the prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan, an/ t)e 3n( strial Revol tion in t)e West& 7n t)e opposite, .)ina, as one o, t)e ric)est countries )a/ *uic1ly -ecome one o, t)e poorest countries, an/ -ecome 1no+n as t)e ="ic2man of the ;ast=&

58 Millions Chinese a((icts (ie( (irectly as a res lt of 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroin an( Morphia&

8)e a-ove ,igure +as estimate/ in 5A::, -ut .)ina +as NO8 ,ree/ ,rom t)e a//ictive /rugs until "?B$& Also, t)e later Heroin an/ Morphia invente/ -y t)e West, are ,ar more a//ictive an/ /ea/lier t)an t)e -pi m& 8)ere,ore, t)e /ct al n m$er of a((icts an( (eath sho l( $e (o $le() i&e& ?:: millions Chinese (r g a((icts at pea2 time an( 9: millions Chinese (r g (eath (irectly ca se( $y 54: years of 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroin an( Morphia operations& 7t e*uals to t)e num-er o, 7lac2 *eath o, plague in t)e entire @urope& Opium +as also calle/ =)eitu= -y t)e .)inese, i&e& =7lac2 *irt= ,or t)e tarry su-stance place/ in long -am-oo smo1ing pipes, -ut it +as a mo/ern plague o, 7lac2 *eath force( pon $y the /,is of ;vil of Colonialism& $

8)e estimate/ num-er o, ;## Million /rug a//icts is only t)e num-er o, a//icts at t)e pea1 time& 7, all t)e num-er o, /rug a//icts put toget)er over t)e "$# years, t)en t)e num-er s)oul/ again -e /ou-le/, i&e& t)e #otal n m$er of (r g a((icts over 54: years co l( $e shoc2ing G:: Millions Chinese a((icts&

7, t)e 3n!*irect *eath #oll cause/ -y t)ese /estructive /rugs, suc) as t)e /rug cause/ /evastating social /estruction, extreme poverty, economic /isasters, crimes, )unger, sic1ness etc&, is to -e inclu/e/, t)en t)e /ct al #otal *eath #oll ca se( $y these (estr ctive (r gs) (irectly an( in!(irectly) co l( $e 5:: Millions Chinese (eath over t)e course o, "$# misera-le years&

7t +as a mass =Chronic Massacre 'itho t 7loo(=& 7t is /e,initely t)e most )orri,ic colonial crime in our )uman History& 3t was a "*r g Holoca st" committe( $y 7ritain) %&"& an( Japan etc& 3t was an "3nternational *r g Holoca st" that laste( for 54: years ! $y the /,is of ;vil of Colonialism&

54:!years means a$o t 8 generations, i&e& your great!gran(parents ) gran(parents ) parents ) yo rself ) $rothers an/ sisters ) sons an/ (a ghters ) gran(sons an/ gran(a ghters ) great!gran(sons an/ great!gran(a ghters , all coul/ -e /rug a//icts an/ 1ille/&

Millions an( Millions of Chinese families were (estroye( $y the a((ictive (r gs& H& Wells Williams conclu/e/ in )is =Mi((le King(om= < =Dreat 6ritain, t)e ,irst Christian po+er, really +age/ t)is +ar against t)e pagan monarc) +)o )a/ only en/eavore/ to put /o+n a vice )arm,ul to )is people& 8)e +ar +as loo1e/ upon in t)is lig)t -y t)e .)ineseE it will always $e so loo2e( pon $y the can(i( historian) an( 2nown as the -pi m 'ar&= Accor/ing to t)e -oo1 =#ra(e 0olitics an( Christianity in /frica an( the ;ast= -y A& (& Mac/onal/, in one .)inese city Ne+c)ang alone, ?)::: morphia a((icts (ie( in the winter of 5A5G!54& Morp)ia carries o,, its victims ,ar more rapi/ly t)an Opium& #he morphia was man fact re( $y 7ritain an( %&"&& S)ippe/ to (apan, t)en /istri-ute/ to .)ina -y (apan& 7n 5A:6, +it) t)e creation o, largest /rug case in Human History +it) /lmost 4: F of the China's pop lation were -pi m a((icts, 6ritis) ,inally reali5e/ t)at t)eir More than a %

cent ry 3n(ia!China -pi m #raffic is morally in/e,ensi-le an/ propose/ to control it& 8)e .)inese un)esitatingly accepte/& =7t is )ere-y comman/e/,= t)e emperial e/ict ran, =t)at +it)in a perio/ o, ten years t)e evils arising ,rom ,oreign an/ native opium -e e*ually an/ completely era/icate/&= 7n 5A:A, an 7nternational .on,erence +as convene/ in S)ang)ai& All t)e major countries +ere invite/& "! states agree/ to control t)e tra,,ic in opium an/ its /erivatives, particularly morp)ine& 7n "?"", t)ey met again at t)e Hague& 7n "?;#, t)e <eag e of Nations )a/ -een esta-lis)e/& 7n "?!", at t)e Deneva .onvention, t)e -pi m /(visory Committee also trie/ to regulate all pro/uction o, /angerous /rugs& Ho+ever, gra/ually it -ecame clear, it +as t)e Great *epression t)at )a/ /rastically re/uce/ opium /eman/E an/ pus)e/ /o+n t)e priceE an/ many governments +ere restricting t)e pro/uction o, narcotics mainly in t)e )ope o, 1eeping t)e /rug prices ,rom ,alling ,urt)er& W)en t)e /rug tra,,ic -egan to recover, t)e .onvention +as o, little )elp in controlling it /ue to t)e )uge pro,it ,rom t)e illegal /rugs&

-pi m) Heroin) Morphia of illegal tra(e $y the 7ritain) %&"&) Japan an( other 'estern Christian co ntries) $ecame one of the worl('s most val a$le commo(ity at the e,pense of China&

8)e eminent Harvar/ )istorian (&9 'air-an1 /escri-e/ it as = #he most long contin e( an( systematic 3nternational Crime of mo(ern times" ! 54: years of "3nternational Crime" against China ) $y the /,is of ;vil of Colonialism&

Wit) Mussolini leaving t)e Aeague, Hitler ignoring it, t)e (apanese /e,ie/ it -y occupying nort)ern .)ina in 5A95 an/ /eclare/ Manc)uria +as to -e in/epen/ent ,rom .)ina as "Manch 2 o" p ppet state in 5A9?, t)en set up its Manch 2 o -pi m Monopoly only to ,ollo+ t)e 7ritish -pi m pattern& Alt)oug) (apan is a signatory to t)e agreement +)ic) ,or-i/s t)e import into .)ina o, morp)ia or o, any appliances use/ in its manu,acture or application& Since Morp)ia no longer can -e purc)ase/ in @urope, t)e seat o, in/ustry )as -een trans,erre/ to (apan, an/ morp)ia is no+ manu,acture/ -y t)e (apanese t)emselves& Aiterally, tens o, millions o, yen are trans,erre/ annually ,rom .)ina to (apan ,or t)e payment o, (apanese morp)ia& 8)roug) Dairen, morp)ia circulates t)roug)out Manc)uria an/ t)e province a/joiningE t)roug) 8singtao, morp)ia is /istri-ute/ over S)antung province, An)ui, an/ 9iangsu, +)ile ,rom 8ai+an morp)ia is carrie/ +it) opium an/ ot)er contra-an/ -y motor</riven ,is)ing -oats to some point on t)e mainlan/ .)ina, ,rom +)ic) it is /istri-ute/ t)roug)out t)e

province o, 'u1ien an/ t)e nort) o, 9uangtung& @very+)ere it is sol/ -y (apanese un/er t)e extra<territorial protection&= 'or /etails, re,er to Japan's -pi m Monopoly ! Japan as an -pi m) Heroin) Morphia *r g *istri$ tor in .)ina& 7n 5A94, Peter 'leming visite/ Manc)u1uo ,or t)e Times to /etermine t)e *uestion, =7s t)e monopoly a crusa/e or a rac1et F=& On t)e evi/ence, )e /eci/e/, it +as clearly a rac1et& 7n Manc)u1uo, (apanese open t)e =-pi m *ens= or =-pi m *ivans= to all, even teenagersE consumption +as increasingE an/ t)e monopoly +as alrea/y ma2ing h ge profits as the Japanese a thorities cynically ac2nowle(ge() $y imprinting a flowering poppy on their Manch 2 o coins& 7n 5AGG, Giolet S+eet Haven, a journalist +or1ing in Asia, /escri-e/ in )er -oo1 =Gentlemen of Japan @ / "t (y in Rapist *iplomacy= : =8)e Har-in an/ Dairen narcotics ,actories +ere ,inance/ -y t)e Mits i an/ " z 2i -an1ing )ouses &&&&& Japanese military fo n( that the opi m!smo2ing Chinese troops were the first to s rren(er an( that the (ope a((icts of M 2(en were the least tro $lesome o, t)e civilian population &&&&& or/ere/ ,actories opene/ in Har-in an/ Dairen to convert ra+ opium into )eroin an/ morp)ine &&&&& A ne+ 1in/ o, cigarette, +)ic) pe//lers sol( for less than the cheapest Chinese smo2e or gave away free &&&&& #he cigarettes were no $argain) for they were fille( with heroin) an( a((iction to (r gs swept thro gh these areas&= 8)e 'M* *r g 'arfare +as con/ucte/ +it) ,ull approval ,rom 8o1yo as a state policy, un/er t)e /irectives o, an o,,icial (apanese um-rella organi5ation, t)e .)ina A,,airs 6oar/, run -y Prince 9onoye& Japan) not only was one of the /,is of ;vil of the 3nternational *r g Holoca st ) $ t also contin e( the Chronic *r g Massacre ( ring /sian Holoca st to gain )uge pro,it ,rom t)e a//ictive WMD Drug War,are to ,inance its +ar mac)ine +it) t)e creation o, tens o, millions o, .)inese /rug a//icts&

%nit 895) 5:: etc& ! 3nh man 'M* 7iological 'arfare

#his 'M* 7iological 'arfare is (efinitely the worst crime case of systematic $iological massacre against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r H man History& /fter 6: years) anti$o(ies of $ $onic plag e still e,ist in rats) (ogs) cats an( other animals& - t$rea2 still ha nts the Chinese cities to this (ay& =8)e ,ello+ 1ne+ t)at it +as over ,or )im, an/ so )e /i/n2t struggle&= recalle/ t)e ol/ ,ormer me/ical assistant o, a (apanese Army unit in .)ina in Worl/ War 77, =6ut +)en 7 pic1e/ up t)e scalpel t)at2s +)en )e -egan screaming& 3 c t him open from the chest to the stomach) an( he screame( terri$ly) an( his face was all twiste( in agony& He ma/e t)is unimagina-le soun/, )e +as screaming so )orri-ly& 6ut t)en ,inally )e stoppe/&= 8)e ,ormer :

me/ical assistant +)o insiste/ on anonymity, explaine/ t)e reason ,or t)e vivisection& 8)e .)inese prisoner )a/ -een /eli-erately in,ecte/ +it) t)e plague as part o, a researc) project& 7mperial (apan2s -iological 1illing ,iel/s are a lost c)apter o, )istory t)at t)e ,ull )orror o, +)ic) is only recently -een expose/ an/ un/erstoo/ in all its enormity& Japan set p Hea(I arters of %nit 895 in 0ing .an near Har$in an( %nit 5:: in ChangCh n) an( M 2(en) now calle( " n1ang) in China to (evelop plag e $om$s ,or use in WW77& 8)e -ase +as /isguise/ as @pi/emic Prevention an/ Water Supply Unit& 8)e complex in Ping 'an +as complete/ in "?!?, containe/ more t)an "$# -uil/ings, inclu/ing ; secret prisons an/ ! crematoria, an/ +as t)e largest WMD 6iological Weapon researc) center in t)e +orl/& A,ter in,ecting )im, t)e researc)ers /eci/e/ to c t him open alive) tear him apart) organ $y organ, to see +)at t)e /isease /oes to a man2s insi/e& O,ten no anest)etic +as use/, )e sai/, out o, concern t)at it mig)t )ave an e,,ect on t)e results& 'rom (uly "??! to Dec& "??B, t)e =%nit 895 ;,hi$ition= toure/ (apan an/ presente/ at %" locations over t)e course o, one an/ )al, year& 7t )a/ sent s)oc1+aves t)roug)out (apan& Hal Dol/ )a/ collecte/ many testimonies in )is -oo1 =%nit 895@ #estimonyL Japan's 'artime H man ;,perimentation an( the 0ost!'ar Cover! p=& One o, t)e testimonies +as provi/e/ -y an age/ ,ormer (apanese /octor 9urumi5a+a Masa1uni : 8)e .)inese +oman victim )a/ regaine/ )er consciousness +)ile -eing vivisecte/ alive& = S)e opene/ )er eyes& = = An/ t)en F = = S)e )ollere/& = = W)at /i/ s)e say F = 9urumi5a+a coul/ not ans+er, t)en -egan +eeping ,ee-ly an/ murmure/, = 7 /on2t +ant to t)in1 a-out it again& = 8)e intervie+ee apologi5e/, +aite/ a ,e+ secon/s, an/ trie/ again ,or an ans+er& He gave it t)roug) so-s& = S)e sai/, =3t's all right to 2ill me) $ t please spare my chil('s life&= (apanese Dr& 9anisa+a testi,ie/ in N6. Dateline ".actory of *eath@ %nit 895" on Aug& "$, "??$, t)e live n!anesthetize( (issection was a ro tine common practice in all nits& =8)e "st time, 7 +as very )esitant to /o +)at 7 +as tol/ to /o& 8)e ;n/ time, you get use/ to it& 8)e !r/ time, you more or less volunteere/&= 0os)io S)ino5u1a, ,ormer mem-er o, Unit !" came to Har-in in "?!? an/ +ere given various or/ers, sai/ =#he one 3 can remem$er clearly even now was '*onMt loo2) (onMt listen) an( most importantly of all) (onMt tell anyone what happens here=& =8)e ,irst time, my legs were sha2ing so $a(ly 3 co l( har(ly stan( p=& He 1ne+ t)e person on t)e operating ta-le, = /t the vivisection) 3 co l( not meet his eyes $eca se of the hate he ha( in his glare at me&= ='e calle( the victims 'logs,= )e sai/, ='e (i(n't want to thin2 of them as people& 'e (i(n't want to a(mit that we were ta2ing lives& So +e convince/ ourselves t)at +)at +e ?

+ere /oing +as li1e cutting /o+n a tree& W)en you see someone in t)at state, you just can2t move& 0our min/ goes -lan1& 8)e ,ear is over+)elming&= sai/ 0os)io& 8)e researc) program +as one o, t)e great secrets o, (apan /uring an/ a,ter Worl/ War 77 : a vast project to /evelop +eapons o, 'M* 7iological 'arfare incl (ing following (ea(ly (iseases @ 6u-onic Plague Smallpox Paratyp)oi/ A an/ 6 .)olera Syp)ilis 6otulism Dysentery Dlan/ers 0ello+ ,ever 8ularemia Scarlet Sever Dip)t)eria Selmonella 7n,ectious (aun/ice @pi/emic .ere-rospinal Meningitis Plant /iseases ,or crop /estruction Ant)rax 3inclu/ing in)alation, s1in an/ gastrointestinal types4 8yp)oi/ 8ularemia @pi/emic Hemorr)agic 'ever Aerosols 6rucellosis 8etanus 8u-erculosis 8yp)us Das Dangrene Songo 6rysipelas Genereal Diseases Un/ulant 'ever 8ic1 @ncep)alitis Do5en ot)er pat)ogens

Unit !" H Unit "## +ere comprise/ o, over !,### researc)ers an/ tec)nicians& 7t +as a gigantic researc) center ,ocuse/ on WMD 6iological Weapons < t)e worl('s most technically a(vance( at the time) se( h man as the g inea pigs, 1no+n as marutas 3logs4& 8)e (apanese tol/ t)e locals t)at t)e ,acilities +ere lum-er mills& 8)e Ping 'an ,acility alone coul/ mont)ly =manu,acture as muc) as !## 1g o, plague -acteria&&& $##<%## 1g o, ant)rax germs, :##<?## 1g typ)oi/, paratyp)oi/, or /ysentery germs, or as muc) as "### 1g o, c)olera germs&= 7, several /i,,erent /iseases +ere manu,acture/ simultaneously, t)en t)e total pro/uction o, pat)ogens coul/ -e many times )ig)er& A ,ormer mem-er o, Unit !" testi,ie/ t)at =to eliminate any c)ance o, lea1ing out t)e secret o, construction o, t)e 2S*uare 6uil/ings2 -y t)e la-orers, t)ey are all sent to special prison an/ use/ as t)e ,irst -atc) o, test o-jects&= More than 5:)::: Chinese) Korean an( R ssian 0o's were sla ghtere( in these $iological e,periments& "#

-nly ?88 of the victims that were 2ille( $y %nit 895 have $een i(entifie(, mostly t)roug) recor/s o, t)e (apanese transportation units t)at /elivere/ t)em to Ping 'an& 8)eir names are engrave/ to/ay in a memorial in t)e Ping 'an museum& 8)e vivisection +as routinely use/ ,or practicing various 1in/s o, surgery says Dr& 9en 0uasa, a ,ormer (apanese /octor +or1ing in .)ina /uring t)e War& 'irst an appen/ectomy, t)en an amputation o, an arm an/ ,inally a trac)eotomy& W)en t)ey ,inis)e/ practicing, t)ey 1ille/ t)e victim +it) an injection& =3 was evil& 3 was a (evil)" *r& Ken 1 asa says sa(ly& "'e all were&= Morimura Seiic)i /escri-es in explicit /etails o, vivisection in )is -oo1 "#he *evo ring Monster"& Me/ical researc)ers also loc1e/ up /isease/ prisoners +it) )ealt)y ones, to see )o+ rea/ily various /iseases +oul/ sprea/& 8o /etermine )o+ muc) pressure t)e -o/y can +it)stan/, some +ere put insi/e a pressure c)am-er +oul/ su,,er terri-le agony -e,ore t)eir eyes pop out ,rom t)eir soc1ets an/ -loo/ ,orce/ out t)roug) t)eir s1in& Marutas +ere /enie/ ,oo/ or +ater to /etermine t)e maximum lengt) o, survival, or mummi,ie/ alive in total /e)y/ration experiments& =+)at )appene/ +)en a )uman -eing (i( not have water for a wee2& He wo l( go insane& 'ith water $ t witho t foo() a person co l( last 4: to 6: (ays&= sai/ 8os)imo Mi5o-uc)i, a ,ormer Unit !" instructor& Some +ere put into )ot +ater an/ gra/ually increase t)e temperature to stu/y /egree o, -urns an/ t)e relations)ip -et+een temperature an/ survival& 8o /etermine t)e treatment o, ,rost-ite, prisoners +ere ta1en outsi/e in ,ree5ing +eat)er an/ le,t +it) expose/ arms, perio/ically /renc)e/ +it) +ater until ,ro5en soli/& 8)e arm +as later amputate/, t)e /octors +oul/ repeat t)e process on t)e victim2s upper arm to t)e s)oul/er& A,ter -ot) arms +ere gone, t)e /octors move/ on to t)e legs until only a )ea/ an/ torso remaine/& 8)e victim +as t)en use/ ,or plague an/ pat)ogens experiments& Gictims +ere -urne/ +it) ,lamet)ro+ers, -lo+n up +it) s)rapnel, -om-ar/e/ +it) let)al /oses o, I<ray, spun to /eat) in centriguges, injecte/ +it) animal -loo/, air -u--les, exposure to syp)ilis, surgical removal o, stomac)s +it) t)e esop)agus t)en attac)e/ to t)e intestines, amputation o, arms an/ reattac)ment on t)e opposite si/e, gasse/ to /eat) in c)am-ers &&&&&&& 8)e /octors experimente/ on c)il/ren an/ -a-ies, even t)ree</ay<ol/ -a-y measuring t)e temperature +it) a nee/le stuc1 insi/e t)e in,ant2s mi//le ,inger to 1eep it straig)t to prevent t)e -a-y2s )an/ clenc)ing into a ,ist& Gictims +ere o,ten ta1en to a proving groun/ calle/ /n(a, +)ere t)ey +ere tie/ to sta1es an/ -om-ar/e/ +it) test +eapons to see )o+ e,,ective t)e ne+ tec)nologies +ere& Planes spraye/ t)e 5one +it) a plague culture or /roppe/ -om-s +it) plague<in,ecte/ ,leas to see )o+ many people +oul/ /ie& W)ite<coate/ (apanese me/ics claiming to -e ,rom a government epi/emic<prevention unit +oul/ arrive saying t)at t)ey +ere t)ere to implement )ygiene measures or to a/minister vaccinations& A,ter t)ey le,t, t)e villages +oul/ -ecome sic1&

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8)e (apanese army regularly con/ucte/ =.iel( #ests=& Planes /roppe/ plague<in,ecte/ ,leas over Ning-o in eastern .)ina an/ over .)ang/e in nort)<central .)ina& (apanese troops /roppe/ c)olera an/ typ)oi/ cultures in +ater reservoirs, +ells an/ pon/s& .ottony material an/ ,eat)ers coate/ +it) ant)rax -acteria +ere use/ to sprea/ t)e /isease in an air-orne manner, as suc) ,i-ers )a/ -een ,oun/ to -e e,,ective in 1eeping t)e -acteria alive long enoug) to reac) t)e inten/e/ )uman victims& Witnesses recall +atc)ing (apanese airplanes /ropping a mixture o, +)eat, millet, soy -eans, rice, cotton ,i-ers, paper an/ ,a-ric cuttings, aerial spraying pat)ogens over t)e cities & 8)ey all )a/ -een coate/ +it) t)e -iological organism or +it) ,leas an/ -roug)t t)e germs to people& (apanese /istri-ute/ in,ecte/ ,oo/, ca1es, /rin1, clot)es an/ c)il/ren2s can/ies to t)e locals& 8)e same mass in,ections +ere -eing repeate/ all over .)ina, except in 8i-et, Jing)ai an/ Iinjiang& =Dlan/ers +as a /isease ,irst ,oun/ in )orses, an/ it coul/ attac1 )uman -eings,= sai/ 'urmans1i& Human -eings2 legs are most a,,ecte/ -y t)e /isease& =Only one out o, ;# people +it) t)e /isease coul/ survive& Me(ical recor(s showe( that glan(ers ha( virt ally $een wipe( o t in 5A:6) $ t new cases s ((ently $ro2e o t in the 5AG:s ( ring ''33 in China&= (ust ,e+ mont)s a,ter t)e 0earl Har$or on Apr ":, "?B;, U&S& s)oc1e/ (apan +it) its /aring #o2yo Rai( or t)e *oolittle Rai(& Ae/ -y (immy Doolittle, "% 6<;$ -om-ers -ro1e t)roug) (apanese /e,enses an/ /roppe/ -om-s in 8o1yo, 0o1o)ama, Osa1a<9o-e, an/ Nagoya& 7t +as a one<+ay mission& 8)e planes continue/ +est to t)e air,iel/ at .)uc)o+, .)ina& S)ort o, t)e ,uel, most o, planes cras)e/ or +ere /itc)e/ over .)ina& Aocal .)inese )i/ U&S& survivors an/ escorte/ t)em to sa,ety& #he (ramatic #o2yo Rai( st nne( Japan with the !! #r e meaning of 'ar& @nrage/ (apanese army launc)e/ -peration "ei!Go to secure air,iel/s an/ punis) .)inese villager ,or )elping US airmen& 7n retaliation, t)e Japanese la nche( a scorche( earth campaign an( se( 'M* 7iological 'eapons on a large scale& (apanese planes )a/ more t)an 6:: air rai(s on towns an( villages of ;ast China& Japanese $ rnt to the gro n( those villages t)roug) +)ic) t)e airmen )a/ passe/& =8)ey 1ille/ my ! sons,= relate/ one age/ .)inese man& =8)ey 1ille/ my +i,e& 8)ey /ro+ne/ my gran/c)il/ren in t)e +ell&=

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.atc)ing a villager +)o )a/ s)eltere/ an American pilot, (apanese sol/iers +rappe/ )im in a 1erosene<soa1e/ -lan1et, t)en force( his wife to set it afire& 8)e capture/ air rai/ers +)o +ere /o+ne/ in (apan +ere $ehea(e( in the palace sI are in front of ;mperor Hirohito& 7t +as estimate( a$o t ?4:)::: Chinese civilians were m r(ere( in the revenge& (apanese showere( 8 'M* 7iological pathogens on Nhe>iang province to retaliate t)e *oolittle #o2yo Rai(& @ven to/ay, one )ar/<)it village in K)ejiang still -ears t)e nic1name =Rotten!<eg Village= -ecause so many ol/er resi/ents are scarre/ -y glan/ers ,rom t)e "?B; attac1s& #heir flesh are still rotten an( have not $een heale( since they were attac2e( ! they have $een s ffering for more than 6: years now& =6G 1ears of #ort re= < stories o, WMD 6iological War,are victims in K)ejiang& S)el/on H& Harris, a )istorian at .ali,ornia State University an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1, =.actories of *eath@ Japanese 7iological 'arfare 5A9?!G4 an( the /merican Cover! p= stresse/ t)at =My calculation, +)ic) is very conservative, an/ -ase/ on incomplete sources as t)e major arc)ives are still close/, is t)at 5:)::: to 5?)::: h man $eings were e,terminate( in la$ e,periments=& Outsi/e t)e !" prisons, t)e ".iel( #ests" +ere carrie/ out all over .)ina except in 8i-et, Jing)ai an/ Iinjiang& "cholars $elieve that the toll from Japanese!see(e( cholera epi(emics in the so thern province of 1 nnan alone may reach the staggering fig re of ?::)::: 2ille( in May "?B;& =7n t)at ,amily, 9 generations were wipe( o t@ great!gran(mother) gran(mother) gran(son) the pregnant (a ghter!in!law an( her $a$y O 4 people (ie(,= sai/ K)ang WenKeng +)ose ,at)er +as one o, t)e victims& 6y t)e time )e /ie/, t)ere +ere no a/ults le,t to carry t)e co,,in& =3 was > st 5G years ol() an( all 3 co l( (o was cry& #hose who (ie() (ie( very terri$le (eaths& 1o co l( hear them screaming lo (ly& #hey s ffere( terri$le cramps an( (iarrhoea=& ! mont)s later, another ?::)::: (ie in "han(ong province as a result o, Unit !"2s germ +ar,are&

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7n t)e K)ejiang province city o, K zho alone) over 4:)::: perishe( ,rom -u-onic plague an/ c)olera &&&&& As t)e +ar +as en/ing, (apanese purposely release/ all t)e plague<in,ecte/ animals& 8)e Nort)eastern .)ina imme/iately -ecame a /isastrous area an/ cause/ out-rea1s o, plague t)at 2ille( at least another 9:)::: people from 5AG6 ! 5AGE& 7t is also calle/ -y some as t)e /sian / schwitz of %nit 895& 7n "?: , -ase/ on ,irst<)an/ reports o, t)e atrocities, ,ilmma1er 8&'& Mou 3sometimes re,erre/ to as 8&'& Mous4 is pro-a-ly -est 1no+n as t)e /irector o, t)e Man 7ehin( the " n Cor 7lac2 " n 895D& He ,ollo+e/ up later +it) anot)er travelogue o, (apanese +ar atrocities: 7lac2 " n@ #he Nan2ing Massacre& =#here co l( $e over 8::)::: or even 5):::):::" lives lost to Japan's $iowarfare program= sai/ Daniel 6aren-latt, aut)or o, ne+ -oo1 / 0lag e %pon H manity@ #he "ecret Genoci(e of /,is Japan's Germ 'arfare -peration& (apanese Deneral Dr& 7s)ii S)iro +as muc) +orse t)an Dr& Josef Mengele ! the Nazi "" "/ngel of *eath"& (apanese -iological massacre committe/ +ere ,ar +orse t)an t)e Na5i2s, an/ laste/ muc) longer& Japanese military scientists 2ille( 5? times the n m$er of civilians as (i( $y the Nazi& Nazi (octors were hel( acco nta$le for their crimes in the famo s 5AG8 "N rem$erg *octors #rials") $ t there were N- compara$le "Japanese *octors #rial"& 8)e researc) +as 1ept secret a,ter t)e +ar in part -ecause t)e U&S& grante/ immunity ,rom +ar crimes prosecution to t)e (apanese /octors in exc)ange ,or t)eir /ata an/ )elpe/ covering up t)e )uman experiment < /n act tterly ignore( > stice an( against H manity& #his was eI ivalent to $arter / schwitz (octor Josef Mengele's free(om an( cover! p in ret rn for the res lts of his horrific h man e,periments& On May 6 5AG8) in a ra(io message to 'ashington) Mac/rth r rge( t)e com-ine/ US military an/ State Department group +)ic) supervise/ occupation policy in (apan to give =3n 'riting= immunity to 7s)ii an/ all ot)ers involve/ in t)e (apanese Derm War,are an/ Human experiments& On *ec ?8 5AGA) Mac/rth r's Hea(I arters anno nce( to the worl( =t)at t)e (apanese

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)a/ /one some experimentation +it) animals, -ut t)at t)ere +as no evi/ence t)ey ever )a/ use/ )uman -eings&= 9en 0uasa, a ,rail #<year<ol/ p)ysician in 8o1yo, recalls joining ot)er /octors to +atc) as a prisoner +as s)ot in t)e stomac), to give (apanese surgeons practice at extracting -ullets& W)ile t)e victim +as still alive, t)e /octors also practice/ amputations& =7t +asn2t just my experience,= Dr& 9en 0uasa says& =3t was (one everywhere&= Ky sh %niversity was me(ical site where %&"& 0o's were incontroverti$ly se( in (issections& Dr& 8os)io 8ono recalle/ U&S& PoW 8e//y Ponc51a +as given intravenous injections o, sea +ater to /etermine i, sea +ater coul/ -e use/ as a su-stitute ,or sterile saline solution& *r& #oshio #ono hel( the $ottle of sea water& He says 0oncz2a $le( to (eath not as /escri-e/ -y t)e U&S& military recor/& 8)en it +as t)e turns o, ot)er U&S& PoWs& 8)e (apanese +ante/ to learn +)et)er a patient coul/ survive t)e partial loss o, )is liver& 8)ey +ante/ to learn i, epilepsy coul/ -e controlle/ -y removing part o, t)e -rain& Accor/ing to U&S& military recor/s, p)ysicians also operate/ on t)e prisoners2 stomac)s an/ nec1s& All : U&S& PoWs /ie/ in various gruesome experiments& Wor/ o, t)e experiments on t)e U&S& PoWs eventually lea1e/ out& 9: people were $ro ght to trial $y an /llie( war crimes tri$ nal in 1o2ohama in 5AGE& .)arges inclu/e/ vivisection, +rong,ul removal o, -o/y parts an/ canni-alism < -ase/ on reports t)at t)e experimenters )a/ eaten t)e livers o, t)e Americans& Ho+ever, in (une "?$# t)e attitu/e o, U&S& government -egan to c)ange -ecause o, t)e start o, t)e Korean 'ar& (apan +as an enemy<turne/<ally& 7n "?$#, MacArt)ur re/uce/ most o, t)e sentences& 6y "?$:, all +ere ,ree& None o, t)e /eat) sentences +as carrie/ out& NDO #he " nshine 0ro>ect )as /iscovere/ t)at even to/ay US is still actively /eveloping 6iological an/ .)emical Weapon& On ;B Sept& ;##; Suns)ine Project provi/e/ evi/ence ,or %" Military "ecret Chemical 'eapons 0rogram violating international law& U&S& itsel, in "?B! also set up a major 6iological War,are program +it) !,$## people at .amp Detric1, no+ 'ort Detric1, in 're/eric, MD& 7nstea/ o, putting t)e ringlea/ers on trial, %&"& gave them stipen(s to gain some a(vantages in the 'M* 7iological 'eapon& On Aug& "!, "?:$, 6ritis) 7n/epen/ent 8elevison -roa/cast a /ocumentary =%nit 895 ! *i( the ;mperor Know + =& 7t +as pro/ucte/ -y Peter Williams an/ Davi/ Wallace a,ter years researc), )inte/ -roa/ly t)at @mperor Hiro)ito +as a+are o, t)e )uman experiments& 8)ere +as also an intervie+ +it) retire/ <t& Col& M rray "an(ers) the first %" investigator into %nit 895& "an(ers claime( that Gen& *o glas Mac/rth r a thorize( him to ma2e a (eal with the Japanese if they cooperate( with %" 7iological 'arfare scientists&

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8)e pro/ucers even sent a copy o, t)e /ocumentary ,ilm to t)e (apanese o,,icials in Aon/on& Murray San/ers +as also intervie+e/ -y N6. Dateline ".actory of *eath@ %nit 895" on Aug& "$, "??$ sai/ =7t +as a mista1e ,or t)e criminal (apanese to )ave -een par/one/&= William an/ Wallace also pu-lis)e/ t)e -oo1 = %nit 895@ #he Japanese /rmy's "ecret of "ecrets=& 'or some reason, a c)apter +as omitte/ ,rom t)e American e/ition& 8)e c)apter +as title/ = Korea 'ar=& 8)ey examine/ evi/ences ,rom t)e 7nternational Scienti,ic .ommission ,or t)e 'acts .oncerning 6acterial War,are in 9orea an/ supporte/ t)e t)eory o, US<(apanese culpa-ility o, using Unit !"2s germ tec)ni*ues in Korean 'ar& 8)e same conclusion +as also reac)e/ -y Pro,essor Step)en @n/icott an/ @/+ar/ Hagerman, aut)or o, "??: -oo1 =#he %nite( "tates an( 7iological 'arfare@ "ecrets from the early col( war an( Korea=, t)at =Unite/ States )a/ an operational -iological +eapons system, an/ t)at it +as employe/ in t)e Korea 'ar&= 8a1ai Matsumura, (apanese )istorian an/ economist at 8o1yo2s 9eio University, sai/ Japanese 'M* 7iological 'arfare e,periments were con( cte( in at least 5: other cities in China, inclu/ing Hailar, Har-in, .)ang.)un, Sun0ang, 6eijing, Nanjing, S)ang)ai an/ Duang5)ou, as +ell as Singapore, 6urma, Cangoon, 6ang1o1, possi-ly in Manila, @ast 7n/ies& 7io!'arfare Killing 0lace 6eijing Nanjing Har-in .)ang.)un Sun0ang 3Mu1/en4 Hailar S)ang)ai Duang5)ou 3.anton4 Singapore 6urma Cangoon 6ang1o1 Manila @ast 7n/ies Japanese 'M* 7io!'arfare %nit Unit ":$$ 8ama Unit "%BB Unit !" Unit "## Unit "## Unit ;%B% 3Unit :#4 Unit F Nami Unit :%#B O1a Unit ?B;# Unit F Unit F Unit F Unit F Unit F

8)ere +ere minim m ?6 2nown Japan's 'M* 2illing la$oratories in China& "%

7n 0hilippines, vivisections +ere carrie/ out at a rate o, -et+een once every ! /ays an/ once a ,ortnig)t& Aim-s +ere cut o,,, t)eir -loo/ vessels +ere se+n up an/ t)ey un/er+ent a-/ominal operations& Japanese me(ic a(mits vivisection on live victims in 0hilippines) incl (ing women an( chil(ren& A,ter 1eeping it to )imsel, ,or nearly %" years, )e /eci/e/ to come ,or+ar/, =3 (i( something cr el &&&&& 3 have a responsi$ility to spea2 the #r th a$o t the war&= sai/ A1ira Ma1ino, :B, a resi/ent o, Hira1ata, Osa1a Pre,ecture& =#he so ls of those who (ie( wo l( not $e soothe( if the story remaine( $ rie(,= )e sai/& 7n P)ilippine, Mr& A1ira Ma1ino cut open "# 'ilipino prisoners, inclu/ing t+o teenage girls& He amputate/ t)eir lim-s an/ cut up an/ remove/ t)eir livers, 1i/neys, +om-s an/ still -eating )earts ,or no -etter reason t)an to improve his 2nowle(ge of anatomy& 8)e lieutenant cut )im open, an/ pointe/ out, HereMs the liver) hereMs the 2i(neys) hereMs the heartM& #he heart was still $eating) then he c t the heart open an( showe( me the insi(e& #hat was when he (ie(& %&"& th n(ering "3<;NC; on t)is issue )as allo+e/ t)e (apanese Dovernment to maintain t)at t)ere is not enoug) evi/ence to prove t)at t)e .)inese are telling t)e trut)& W)en (apanese journalists an/ aca/emics )ave stum-le/ over crucial vali/ating evi/ence in government arc)ives, t)e material )as -een con,iscate/ an/ re<classi,ie/& Ho+ever, ; /eclassi,ie/ U&S& government /ocuments, ,oun/ in Aug& ;##$ in t)e U&S& National Arc)ives -y pro,essor 9eiic)i 8suneis)i at 9anaga+a University an/ an expert on WMD 6iological an/ .)emical Weapons, )ave clearly con,irme/ t)at t)e %&"& provi(e( money) foo() gifts) entertainment an( other 2in(s of rewar(s to the former %nit 895 mem$ers) even ? years after the 'ar to o$tain (ata on h man e,periments con( cte( in China, accor/ing to t)e report& 'hen neither Japan nor %&"& are prepare( to a(mit to either the crimes or cover! p) a small gro p of conscientio s Japanese h man rights activists) (octors) lawyers an( former sol(iers forme( an n!prece(ente( alliance with the Chinese& Senior (apanese la+yers are acting ,or t)e .)inese, among t)em 8suc)iya 9o1en, t)e ,ormer presi/ent o, t)e (apanese Aa+yers Association& 'e+ ol/ (apanese sol/iers +)o +or1e/ on t)e -iological +ar,are programme )ave also come ,or+ar/ to give evi/ence& 8)eir stance exposes t)emselves to a-use at )ome an/ accusations ,rom ultra<nationalists t)at t)ey are traitors& =#he $r tality my parents generation committe( in the name of war has to $e resolve( an( a((resse( $y my generation= sai/ 9eic)iro 7c)inose, one o, t)e (apanese la+yers& 7n "??$, t)ey ,orme/ t)e national Aa+yers Droup ,or .)inese War GictimsL .ompensation .laims&

"

7n "?? , "#: survivors an/ ,amily mem-ers, inclu/ing Wu S)i<Den, ,ile/ a la+suit against t)e (apanese Dovernment /eman/ing apology an/ "# million yen compensation per victim o, -iological +eapons an/ acts o, -rutality& 8)e t)ousan/s o, victims inclu/e/ ;,"## civilians, +)ose personal /etails )ave -een veri,ie/ in .)ina& 7n Octo-er "?B#, (apanese +arplanes t)at )a/ passe/ over Wu S)i<Den2s village in Ju5)ou, sout)ern .)ina, -ut t)e -om-s /roppe/ /i/ not explo/e& 'rom t)em poure/ a mixture o, rice an/ +)eat covere/ +it) ,leas& 'e+ /ays later, many villagers +ere struc1 /o+n -y sic1ness& His ? year ol/ -rot)er )a/ -u-onic plague& 7t is an agonising /isease glan(s swell to the size of grapefr it) lim$s fill with fl i( an( whole areas of flesh t rn (eep p rple& ;vent ally) his $rother (ie( screaming& #he plag e also 2ille( his ?!year!ol( sister& His ,at)er +as also -ayonete/ to /eat) -y a (apanese sol/ier& Wang Iuan, +)ose uncle +as 1ille/ -y t)e plague, a,ter : years relentless ,ig)t +it) t)e (apanese Dovernment )as ,inally succee/e/ in ma1ing )er voice )ear/ aroun/ t)e +orl/& Wit)out any government support, s)e )a/ to pay out o, )er o+n poc1et ,or t)e investigation& Her en/eavours )ave /ra+n attention ,rom me/ia an/ experts -ot) at )ome an/ a-roa/& Her /evotion to ;,posing Japan's Germ 'arfare, is /escri-e/ -y some as t)e 0ortrait of a Heroine@ "ho ting the pain from Japan's Germ /ttac2s, =3f we wait for governments to settle this matter) we will (ie an( the #r th will never come o t&= S)e +as intervie+e/ -y P6S an/ 66. ,or t)eir /ocumentary ,ilms, inclu/ing: = %nit 895@ Nightmare in Manch ria = , = Rotten .oot Village = an/ t)e most recent = /voi(ing /rmage((on=& S)e use/ to live in rural village calle/ 0i+u on .)ina2s east coast& S)e s)o+s visitors t)e 8rage/y Pavilion +)ic) lists ",$## plague victims, an/ /escri-es )o+ Unit !" /roppe/ plague<in,ecte/ ,leas ,rom aircra,t an/ 1ille/ ;# villagers a /ay at one point in "?B;& "he lost her ncle an( one thir( of her village to the germs& S)e t)en lea/s visitors t)roug) t)e gray<-ric1 6u//)ist temple +)ere t)e (apanese per,orme/ autopsies to gauge t)e impact o, t)eir -iological tests& =3t's li2e en( of the worl( an( there was a yo ng woman) a$o t ?: years ol() was vivisecte( in this temple) $ehin( me in the temple an( the villagers still remem$er her scream& "he sai( 3'm not (ea( yet) (onMt c t me open&= =7iological 'eapons are not History) they are still a reality in China=, says Wang Iuan& S)e +ants (apan to apologise an/ ma1e a compensatory payment to t)e victims& = "orry is Not ;no gh=, s)e says& 7n city Ju5)ou, Dr& Jiu Ming Iuan o, city2s /isease prevention centre )as -een researc)ing t)e su-ject ,or B /eca/es& Dr& Jiu sai/, =8)e city of K zho has a history of 5)E:: years& 7efore 5AG: there ha( never $een $ $onic plag e& 7 t) after 5AG?) typhoi( an( anthra, cases also occ rre(&= ":

Mr& 'ang S)inongLs ,amily -ecame outcasts isolate/ -y t)e village out o, ,ear o, t)e /isease& His mot)er an/ gran/parents +ere all 1ille/ -y (apanese -u-onic plague& Altoget)er, his family lost 8 mem$ers& =3 want > stice& 3f 3 (ie) my son will ta2e over what 3Mm (oing& We +ant t)e (apanese government to a/mit it& 'act is ,act, it cannot -e )i//en& We +ant justice an/ compensation&= sai/ 'ang& (ust @ast o, Ju5)ou lies t)e area o, 0a,ang Rotten <eg Village +it) victims all )ave su,,ere/ ,rom gaping ,les) wo n(s on their legs ! which never heal& 'or %! years, Mr& .)en .)ong Wen )as )a/ to c)ange t)e -an/ages /aily on )is leg in,ecte/ -y MRotten <eg *isease= 1no+n as glan/ers& His mot)er +as also in,ecte/& An/ not too long a,ter )er )eel rotte/ o,,, an/ /ie/ in terri-le pain& Wit) a paine/ expression on )is ,ace, )e so--e/ lou/ly, =3 (on't want anything else& 3 > st want the wo n( to close& #hat's the only thing 3 want&= 'ang P an has assem$le( 5E: Chinese victims an( is now s ing Japan, c)arging t)at (apan )a/ sprea/ -u-onic plague an/ ot)er /iseases in .)ina /uring WW77& Ho+ever, in ;##;, #o2yo *istrict Co rt re>ecte( their claim for an apology an( compensation& @isu1e Matsui, (apanese Pro,essor o, ra/iology at Di,u University sc)ool o, Me/icine, sai( he was compelle( to ncover Japan's germ warfare in or(er to e( cate the yo ng generation of Japan& (apanese military training lea/er o, Unit !", 8omo-uc)i testi,e/ in N6. Dateline Aug& "$, "??$ ".actory of *eath@ %nit 895" t)at )e participate/ in (uly "?B$, in training 1ami1a5e pilots ,or =a2 ra at Night" Cflowers at nightD, a secret military plan to use ,ive su-marines, eac) carrying ,e+ small aircra,t to t)e .ali,ornia coast +)ere t)ey +oul/ attac1 San Diego +it) =plague -om-s= ,ull o, in,ecte/ ,leas& =8)ey +ere logs to me,= sai/ 8os)imi Mi5o-uc)i remorselessly, ,ormer Unit !" mem-er an/ no+ a real estate manager living outsi/e t)e (apanese city o, 9o-e, =<ogs were not consi(ere( to $e h man& #hey were either spies or conspirators alrea(y sentence( to (eath& "o now they (ie( a secon( time& 'e > st e,ec te( a (eath sentence&= He sai/ reunion ,or t)e several )un/re/ veterans o, Unit !" +as )el/ almost every year& He )a/ organi5e/ one o, t)e reunion& W)en t)e +ar +as lost, Mizo$ chi was given the >o$ of (estroying the evi(ence) incl (ing left over prisoners& "%s ally we sent air thro gh pipes into the room) $ t instea() methane gas was p mpe( in& #hey all cho2e( to (eath& 3 am pro ( of what we (i(& 3f 3 was yo nger) 3'( consi(er (oing it all again $eca se it was an interesting %nit&= "?

As t)e +ar +as en/ing, (apan +aite/ an/ inten/e/ to use plague germs i, American )a/ lan/e/ on -2inawa& 7ronically, -2inawa t)emselves never 1ne+ t)e plan until (an& "??B +)en t)e %nit 895 ;,hi$ition opene/ t)ere& 7to 9agea1i recalle/, = -2inawa coul/ -e t)ro+n a+ay i, (apan coul/ gain some military a/vantage&= One local sai/, =8)is ma1es t)e sacri,ices in t)e -2inawa 7attle even more piti,ul&= -2inawa 7attle )a/ 1ille/ approx& "##,### (apanese sol/iers 3inclu/ing local O1ina+a conscripts4, ";,### US sol/iers, an/ "##,### < "$#,### O1ina+ans civilians& A-out ">! o, t)e population o, islan/ +ere 1ille/& #otal (eath in the 7attle of -2inawa is more than the /tomic 7om$s of Nagasa2i an( Hiroshima com$ine(& 7n "?:", an article Japan's 7iological 'eapons@ 5A9:!5AG4 / Hi((en Chapter in History pu-lis)e/ in t)e 7 lletin of the /tomic "cientists )a/ /ra+n muc) +i/er pu-lic attention to t)e (apanese in)uman atrocities& 7n t)e -eginning o, t)e article, it sai/, ='hen this story first reache( the 7 lletin) o r reaction was horrifie( (is$elief& 3 thin2 all of s hope( that it was not tr e& %nfort nately) s $seI ent research shows that it is all too tr e& 3n or(er to verify the facts set forth here we enliste( the help of a n m$er of (isting ishe( scientists an( historians&&&&&&&= 8)e article continues: =/ny rea(er with a sense of > stice an( (ecency will $e na seate() not only $y these atrocities) $ t eI ally so $y the reaction of the %&"&&&&&& 7y acI iring "at a fraction of the original cost" the "inval a$le" res lts of the Japanese e,periments) have we not p t o rselves on the same level as the Japanese e,perimenters +&&&&&&&= 7n Oct& "???, in a <etter to "enator *ianne .einstein for the 7ill "&A5:? , i&e& t)e *isclos re /ct of Japanese 'ar Crime *oc ments, History Pro,essor S)el/on H& Harris o, .ali,ornia State University emp)atically state/ in )is letter t)at : 8)e ="sensitive" (oc ments as (efine( $y archivists an( .-3/ officers are at the moment $eing (estroye(&&&&&& #hree e,amples of this wanton (estr ction&&&&&&= -y U&S& "& =7n "??", t)e Ai-rarian at Dug+ay Proving Droun/s, Dug+ay, Uta), /enie/ me access to t)e arc)ives at t)e ,acility& 7t +as only t)roug) t)e intervention o, t)en U&S& Cepresentative Wayne O+ens, Dem&, Uta), t)at 7 +as given permission to visit t)e ,acility& 7 +as not s)o+n all t)e )ol/ings relating to (apanese me/ical experiments, -ut t)e little 7 +as permitte/ to examine reveale/ a great /eal o, in,ormation a-out me/ical +ar crimes& Sometimes a,ter my visit, a person +it) intimate 1no+le/ge o, Dug+ay2s operations, =informe( me that "sensitive" (oc ments were (estroye( there as a (irect res lt of my research in their li$rary&= ;& =7 con/ucte/ muc) o, my American researc) at 'ort Detric1 in 're/eric1, M/& 8)e Pu-lic 7n,ormation O,,icer t)ere +as extremely )elp,ul to me& 8+o +ee1s ago 7 telep)one/ Detric1, +as in,orme/ t)at t)e P7O )a/ retire/ last May& 7 spo1e +it) t)e ne+ P7O, +)o tol/ me t)at Detric1 no longer +oul/ /iscuss past researc) activities, -ut +oul/ /isclose in,ormation only on current projects& Aater t)at /ay 7 telep)one/ t)e retire/ P7O at )is )ome& He =informe( me that pon retiring he was tol( to "get ;#

ri( of that st ff") meaning incriminating (oc ments relating to Japanese me(ical war crimes& Detric1 no longer is a via-le researc) center ,or )istorians&= !& =Wit)in t)e past ; +ee1s, =3 was informe( that the 0entagon) for "space reasons") (eci(e( to ri( itself of all $iological warfare (oc ments in its hol(ings prior to 5AGA& 8)e /ate is important, -ecause all +ar crimes trials against accuse/ (apanese +ar criminals +ere terminate/ -y "?B?& 8)us, current Pentagon materials coul/ not implicate allege/ (apanese +ar criminals& 'ortunately, a private researc) ,acility in Was)ington volunteere/ to retrieve t)e /ocuments in *uestion& 8)is researc) ,acility no+ )ol/s t)e /ocuments, is currently cataloguing t)em 3estimate/ completion time, at least t+elve mont)s4, an/ is guar/ing t)e /ocuments un/er =tig)t security=&

=A,ter %# years, +e are still ,in/ing positive anti-o/ies o, -u-onic plague in rats, /ogs, cats an/ ot)er animals& @very year a certain num-er o, )ealt)y people /evelop typ)oi/& Japan's Germ 'arfare has left $ehin( pro$lems that still threaten o r lives&= sai/ Jiu Mingxuan, a .)inese /octor, =;nvironmental poll tion an( (amage to the ecosystem are very serio s& 8)e issue is still t)reatening people in .)ina&= .ears of another o t$rea2 still ha nt the Chinese cities to this (ay& Daniel 6aren-latt, aut)or o, ne+ -oo1 "/ 0lag e %pon H manity@ #he "ecret Genoci(e of /,is Japan's Germ 'arfare -peration", sai/ in a recent intervie+, =#here co l( $e over 8::)::: or even 5):::)::: lives lost to Japan's 7io!'arfare programme&&&& 8)e plague -acteria release/ t)en still lingers on in some animal populations to/ay& 3t is still there&&&& ro(ents still test positive for anti$o(ies to the $ $onic plag e &&&& 'hat the %" (i( in ma2ing the (eal with top (octors is nconsciona$le& As ,ar as +e 1no+, no one in t)e US government raise/ any more o-jection to it&= Dr& Mic)ael 'ran5-lau, Pro,essor at t)e University o, .ali,ornia sai/, =7 am trou-le/ -y t)e ,act t)at +e +ere +illing, we the /mericans) were willing to c t a (eal in my > (gement for very) very small gains& Not a single physician involve( in this $ar$aric action of %nit 895 was ever p nishe(& /s a matter of fact) many of them went on to $e important physicians in Japan, -ecoming /eans o, me/ical sc)ools, -ecoming )ea/s o, p)armaceutical associations or companies& An/ ,inally t)e )ea/ o, one o, t)e most prestigious scienti,ic organisations in (apan, an organisation /evote/ to t)e stu/y o, in,ectious /iseases&= 7n ;##", in t)e 8o1yo District .ourt, ,ormer (apanese mem-er o, Unit !" tol/ t)e court t)at )e prepare/ plague<in,ecte/ rats to -e /roppe/ ,rom airplanes, an/ scru--e/ ,or autopsies t)e -o/ies o, prisoners 1ille/ in plague experiments& A ;n/ ,ormer mem-er testi,ie/ t)at )e air< /roppe/ plague<in,ecte/ ,leas near Hang5)ou in "?B# an/ Nanjing in "?B"&

3n / g& ?::?) after ?8 co rt hearings since 5AAE) an( with former %nit 895 Japanese sol(iers incl (ing 1oshio "hinoz 2a) came forwar( as witnesses) Japanese co rt ha( N- choice an( finally was force( to recognize for the .3R"# #3M; that Japan ha( ;"

con( cte( 'M* 7iological 'arfare in China) $ t re>ecte( the (eman( for apology an( compensation&

0os)io S)ino5u1a sai/, =3 > st want to sprea( the tr th as m ch as 3 can& #hese vicio s acts m st $e e,pose(& As ,or t)e victimsL ,amilies &&&& 7 +ant to )elp t)em as muc) as 7 can& 8)is is my +ay o, s)o+ing my apology&=

However) the Japanese government still ref ses to a(mit that Japan ever wage( 'M* 7iological 'arfare saying !! lac2 of evi(ence !! to this (ay&

7n a "atellite Vi(eo <in2 Conference of Japanese 'ar Crimes in "??:, S)el/on Harris, pro,essor emeritus o, )istory at .ali,ornia State University an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1, =.actories of *eath@ Japanese 7iological 'arfare 5A9?!G4 an( the /merican Cover! p= stresse/ t)at : =#he %&"& government is as c lpa$le for inaction as Japan) an( the Cana(ian) 7ritish) * tch an( / stralian governments 2new a$o t it &&& 'hile the %" "$ears a ma>or responsi$ility" for the cover p of %nit 895) the greater responsi$ility lies with Japanese&= Pointing to t)e Na5i Concentration Camp of / schwitz in Polan/ an/ t)e Hiroshima 0eace Memorial in (apan as prece/ents ,or UN@S.O protection o, +ar ruins, China wo l( see2 %N;"C- 'orl( Heritage protection for the r ins of a Japanese 'M* 7iological 'arfare center of %nit 895 in Har-in, inclu/ing its la-oratories, prisons an/ crematoria use/ ,or experiments on )umans to /evelop WMD 6iological Weapons& 7n ;##$, ;vi(ence of vast plant that Japan se( 0o's as h man g inea pigs in 'M* Chemical an( 7iological 'arfare fo n( in remote grasslan/s o, 7nner Mongolia, .)ina& =7t covers an area o, B# s*uare miles& 7t may -e t)e largest an/ -est<preserve/ gas experiment site in t)e +orl/ &&&&& Japan con( cte( 'M* Chemical an( 'M* Germ 'arfare in ?J9 of the co ntry, -ut especially in t)e nort), nort)<east an/ sout) o, .)ina,= sai/ Mr (in .)engmin& =7t s)oul/ -e *uali,ie/ ,or Worl/ Heritage status& 8)e ruins serve as a permanent remin/er o, t)e atrocities (apanese troops committe/ in .)ina&=

%nit 456 ! 3nh man 'M* Chemical 'arfare

#his 'M* Chemical 'arfare is (efinitely the worst crime case of systematic chemical massacre against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r H man History& /fter 6: years) the 'M* Chemical *eath toll an( 'M* 3n> ries incl (ing Chil(ren are still rising to this (ay&

;;

(apan re,use/ to ac1no+le/ge ,ormally t)at WMD .)emical Weapon +ere use/, /espite t)e /iscovery o, )uge *uantity le,t -e)in/& 7n 'e-& ;###, a roa/ construction team /iscovere/ a-out ;#,### WMD .)emical Weapon metal canisters lay -urie/ atop t)e 0ello+ 6ear/ Mountain, Nanjing, showing for the first time that Japanese forces (eploye( 'M* Chemical 'eapon ( ring their invasion of the Chinese capital where Japan committe( its infamo s Nan>ing Massacre in "?! & #he size of the 'M* Chemical 'eapon) e,perts say) is eno gh to p t 1ellow 7ear( Mo ntain near the top of the list of places aro n( the worl(& Most startling is the fact that the stoc2pile in Nan>ing represents > st a tiny fraction of the 'M* Chemical 'eapon in China left $ehin( $y Japanese army& -nly in Novem$er 5AA4) after %" (eclassifie( (oc ments pertaining to the weapons) (i( the Japanese government a(mit that it ha( se( "lethal gases"& accor/ing to a report in ;##" -y t)e 7nternational 7nstitute ,or Strategic Stu/ies in Aon/on& During t)e ,inal +ee1s o, WW77, (apanese lmperial Army truc1loa/e/ t)ousan/s o, WMD .)emical Weapons, inclu/ing mustar/ gas an/ anot)er let)al toxin an/ /umpe/ t)em into t)e Nen Civer, nort)east .)ina& 8)e /umping +as part o, a secret campaign to erase evi/ence o, (apan2s .)emical War against .)ina& Only recently t)e (apanese government -egun to a/mit to t)eir +or1 on t)ese +eapons o, mass /estruction -y %nit 456) Japan's top!secret 'M* Chemical 'eapons research facility in Ji*i)ar, .)ina& On Aug& ";, "?B$ ,ormer sol/ier Masaji 8a1a)as)i, no+ a <year<ol/ retire/ -ar-er, supervise/ t)e /isposal o, WMD c)emicals in t)e Nen Civer& #he or(er) recalle( #a2ahashi in 5AAE) "was to throw them from the $ri(ge" into Nen River& (apanese WMD /umping +as muc) +orse an/ )arm,ul t)an t)e %&"& ( mpe( 'M* Chemical 'eapons off foreign co ntries' shores& 7n "?;?, in /e,iance o, t)e "?;$ Deneva Protocol -anning WMD .)emical Weapons, (apan seceretly -egan -uil/ing a pro/uction ,acility so secret t)at its location, -2 noshima 3slan( in 8a1e)ara, Hiros)ima Pre,ecture, +as erase/ ,rom unclassi,ie/ (apanese maps& Du--e/ =3slan( of Great Har(ships"& 8)e ,acility )a/ %,### +or1ers an/ pro/uce/ toxins ",;## tons annually ,or Japanese 8 ;!

Million 'M* Chemical 'eapons& Dases +ere also injecte/ into s)ells an/ -om- casings at t)e Sone Armory in 'u1uo1a Pre,ectureE an/ t)e navy2s WMD .)emical Weapons plant +as locate/ in Samu1a+a, 9anaga+a Pre,ecture& (apan pro/uce/ an estimate/ 8 Million 'M* Chemical 7om$s) for which G Million are c rrently n!acco nte( ) of which ? Million co l( $e scattere( in China& 0os)ia1i 0os)imi, pro,essor o, mo/ern an/ contemporary (apanese )istory at .)uo University, -ase/ on t)e incomplete /eclassi,ie/ U&S& Army /ocuments at t)e National Arc)ives in Was)ington D&.& an/ a six<volume intelligence report on (apanese c)emical +ar,are, compile/ -y t)e Deneral Hea/*uarters o, t)e U&S& Army 'orces Paci,ic in May "?B%, )e )as estimate/ (apan )a/ pro/uce/ ",%B%,!;% units o, WMD c)emical +eapons ,rom "?!: t)roug) "?B!& 9eiic)i 8suneis)i, pro,essor at 9anaga+a University, o-taine/ a copy o, "# papers ,rom a ,ormer 7mperial Army o,,icer& 8)e /ocuments in/icate t)at (apan )a/ pro/uce/ $&": Million poison gas s)ells 3%&"## tons o, poison gas4 -et+een "?!" an/ "?B$ on O1uno 7slan/ in Hiros)ima Pre,ecture& 3n 5A95) the "Har(ships" sprea( to China& (apan inva/e/ Manc)uria, a resource<ric) in/ustrial region, an/ esta-lis)e/ Unit $"% sta,,e/ +it) !,### personnel in Ji*i)ar to /evelop an/ test a mo/ern c)emical arsenal& 8)e ,acility per,ecte/ a variety o, WMD .)emical Weapons, from (ea(ly smo2e "can(les" to chemical grena(es) mortars an( heavy artillery ! all man fact re( with -2 noshima's poisons& (apanese troops use/ t)ese WMD .)emical Weapons almost ,rom t)e /ay t)ey starte/ ,ull invasion in .)ina "?! & 8)ey launc)e/ ! $ separate c)emical attac1s in a ,our<mont) campaign to con*uer Wu)an& 6enjamin .& Darrett, one o, t)e +orl/2s lea/ing experts in .)emical Weapons, )as visite/ .)ina& He )as ,oun/ % types o, gases t)e (apanese use/ in WMD .)emical Weapons against .)inese: "& P)osgene ;& Hy/rogen .yani/e !& 6romo-en5yl .yani/e an/ .)loroacetop)enon B& Dip)enyl<cyanoarsine an/ Dip)enylc)loroarsine $& Arsenic 8ric)lori/e %& Sul,ur Mustar/ an/ Ae+isite Accor/ing to Peter O2Meara @vans aut)or o, 73CC 0aper59@ *estr ction of /$an(one( Chemical 'eapons in China, estimate/ t)at (apan /uring its "B years -rutal WW77 invasion ;B

in .)ina, )a/ use/ .)emical Weapons in .)ina more t)an in any ot)er country an/ Japan ha( se( 'M* Chemical 'eapons in EEA ! ?)A:: $attles in China& A,ter t)e +ar, .)ina -egan gat)ering (apanese a-an/one/ WMD c)emical +eapons 3,or /etails, see /$an(one( Chemical 'eapons in China an/ also /$an(one( an( -l( Japanese Chemical 'eapons4 an/ -urying t)em in remote Dun)ua .ounty, in Haer-aling, (ilin province& 8)e ; large pits, interre/ a vast stoc1pile o, munitions: % #,### artillery an/ mortar s)ells, smo1e canisters, )uge /rums o, c)emicals& 3t is now /sia's most (angero s ( mp& #he two massive pits contain more than half a million m nitions shells& -fficial warne( that an acci(ental e,plosion in * nh a wo l( 2ill everything) even grass) within a ?:: 2ilometer ra(i s& Accor/ing to a .)inese report : "ome information on (iscovere( chemical weapons a$an(one( in China $y a foreign state, c)emical or/nance in varying amounts )as -een ,oun/ in ,e+ ot)er provinces 3(ilin, Sang/on, He-ei, K)ejiang, An)ui, (iangsu, S)anxi, 7nner Mongolia etc4& 7t )as -een estimate/ t)at 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s most o, t)em loa/e/ +it) mustar/ gas an/ many o, t)em corro/e/ an/ lea1ing, are still scattere/ in .)ina& (apan )as an o-ligation to remove t)ese +eapons +it)in "# years, un/er t)e terms o, t)e -rganization for the 0rohi$ition of Chemical 'eapons C-0C'D, +)ic) came into e,,ect in April "?? & -0C' rea,,irme/ in May ;### t)at it )el/ (apan responsi-le ,or /estroying all t)ese a$an(one( (ea(ly 'M* chemical weapons an/ /$an(one( an( -l( Japanese Chemical 'eapons& 8)e c)emical +ar)ea/s )ave continue/ to injure an/ 1ill, )arming as many as ;,### .)inese an/ /amaging t)e environment& 8)e rotten c)emicals lea1e/ ,rom t)ese munitions are continuing to pollute people2s )ealt), rivers an/ un/ergroun/ +aters& China is now home to the worl('s largest chemical weapons clean p campaign for 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s& = #his is something that has $een (one $efore) $ t N-# on that scale,= sai/ A-u 8ali-, a c)emical +eapons expert ,rom Mitrete1 Systems in 'alls .)urc), Ga& in U&S&, = Most of the Chemical 'eapons aro n( the worl() yo 're tal2ing h n(re(s an( tho san(s !! N-# s ch a h ge pile&=

;$

W)et)er suc) a monumental tas1 can -e complete/ -y ?::8) the (ea(line impose( $y the -rganization for the 0rohi$ition of Chemical 'eapons, remains to -e seen -ecause (apan )as -een slo+ in t)is c)emicals cleanup /espite its promise& (apan2s agreement to clean up t)e arms also came a,ter years o, contention an/ negotiation )ampere/ -y 8o1yo2s long re,usal to ac1no+le/ge ,ormally t)at suc) munitions +ere use/, /espite t)e /iscovery o, so many le,t -e)in/& 8)e /i,,iculty o, t)e /ecommissioning project in .)ina is compoun/e/ -y t)e le,tover +eapons2 age, con/ition, mixe/ content an/ s)eer *uantity& Ho+ever, some progress )as -een ma/e& 'or /etails, re,er to Octo-er ;##; report -y t)e A-an/one/ .)emical Weapons 3A.W4 O,,ice : - tline of the 0ro>ect for the *estr ction of /$an(one( Chemical 'eapons C/C'D in China C/C' *estr ction 0ro>ectD& 7n (une ;##$, Japan finally (eci(e( to spen( %"H5&A $illion to $ il( a factory in China to (ispose its 'M* Chemical 'eapons a-an/one/ in WW77&

A,ter t)e +ar, China has repeate(ly (eman(e( Japan to provi(e all 'M* $ rial sites information of these (ea(ly 'M* Chemical 'eapons& %nfort nately) Japan has flatly ref se( to cooperate& /s a res lt of Japan's 'M* ref sal) 'M* Chemical 'eapons contin e to threaten every(ay people at G: sites in 54 provinces an( a tonomo s regions&

/t least ?)::: Chinese have so far $ecome victims of the (iscar(e( 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons since the war en(e(&

(apanese ,reelance /irector 8omo1o 9ana +as on a sig)tseeing tour o, .)ina in ;##! +)en s)e came across a +aitress +)ose li,e +as so misera-le t)at 9ana )a/ to ,in/ out )er story& 9ana complete/ )er /oucmentary ,ilm in ;##B =.rom the <an( of 7itter #ears=, -ase/ on intervie+s +it) a-out %# people +)o )a/ -ecome victims o, t)e (apanese WMD .)emical Weapons a,ter t)e en/ o, War& =3t was shoc2ing to learn that someone yo nger than 3 am is still s ffering from (amage inc rre( $y Japan's past warfare= sai/ 9ana& =#he a$an(one( weapons iss e is little 2nown in Japan,= s)e sai/, =#he way Chinese people feel a$o t this iss e is very similar to how Japanese feel a$o t North Korea's a$( ctions of Japanese&=

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"/s a Japanese) their story was often too painf l to listen to,= 9ana sai/& =/s a #V (irector) 3 interviewe( many Japanese victims of the war) $ t this was the first time 3 felt li2e giving p shooting an( r nning away&= 7n "??$, roa/ +or1ers acci/entally set o,, an a-an/one/ WMD .)emical Weapon, 1illing ; people an/ injuring several ot)ers& 8)e Japanese 'M* $lew off the arms an( legs of Min <i 's father& He s ffere( serio s $ rns over entire $o(y an( (ie( 5E (ays later& 8)e me/ical -ills ,or )is treatment le,t a )uge /e-t +)en s)e +as only a teenager& Min Aiu +as )oping o, -ecoming a sc)ool teac)er, -ut s)e an/ )er -rot)er )a/ no c)oice -ut to leave sc)ool an/ +or1 to pay o,, )er ,at)er2s me/ical -ills& 8)e ,ilm capture/ t)e emotional Aiu an/ ! ot)er victims ,rom separate inci/ents )as -een on, inclu/ing t)e scene o, Aiu giving a tear,ul )ug to )er mot)er +)ile the mother $ rst into tears) confessing that she p lle( the pl g on her in> re( h s$an( $eca se family co l( not pay the me(ical $ills an/ t)us too1 )im out o, t)e )ospital& He /ie/ t)e ,ollo+ing /ay& One victim acci/entally in)ale/ t)e poisonous gas ,rom a WMD .)emical Weapon uneart)e/ at a construction site an/ )a/ to +a1e up repeate/ly at nig)t coug)ing sputum& He has not slept thro gh a single night for the past ?: years& Ai .)eng, $?, -ecame anot)er victim o, (apanse WMD +)en )e touc)e/ a mysterious container +)ile +or1ing on a /re/ge s)ip at t)e age o, ;?& Water -listers covere/ )is -o/y an/ )is genital an/ internal organs +ere injure/& His family ha( fallen to a life of e,treme poverty in the past 9: years& He has attempte( s ici(e twice in an attempt to ease his family's financial $ r(en& 7n Aug& ;##!, a scrap metal collector in Nort)eastern .)ina, Ji*i)ar )a/ mista1enly uncovere/ $ /rums ,ille/ +it) WMD mustar/ gas le,t -y t)e (apanese& harme( more than G: people& -ne man ha( chemical $ rns over A4F of his $o(y an( (ie( later& Ot)ers )a/ su,,ere/ ,rom vomiting to severe -urns& 3n an ironical (enial) Japan agree( to pay 9:: million yen over m star( gas) $ t N-# as Compensation) insisting -N<1 as ".ees for operations to (ispose of a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons=& (apan )as apologi5e/ to .)ina ,or t)e inci/ent& (apanese an/ .)inese +or1ing team recently complete/ sealing p 8?G pieces of 'M* Chemical 'eapons along with five $arrels of m star( gas an( interview with Japanese official&

China (isplays 'M* Chemical 'eapons ( g p >ointly with Japan& #his is the .3R"# official ac2nowle(gement $y the Japanese Government that Japan ( ring ''33 se( 'M* Chemical 'eapon Cm star( gasD& #he ne,t step sho l( $e the official ac2nowle(gement of the se of the 'M* 7iological 'eapon $y the infamo s %nit 895&

7n (uly ;##B, #wo Chinese chil(ren playing near a river in * nh a) Jilin 0rovince) in> re( $y m star( gas lea2e( from the Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon& 7n (une ;##$, /nother 9 Chinese in> re( $y Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons& 7n vivi/ contrast, t)e (apanese government spen/s some ! -illion yen 3USN ;B&: million4 annually to provi/e free me(ical care an( other social $enefits to a$o t G)4:: Japanese who wor2e( at 9 'M* Chemical 'eapons factories ( ring the 'ar& 7n (uly ;##$, ;vi(ence of vast plant that Japan se( 0o's as h man g inea pigs in 'M* Chemical an( 7iological 'arfare fo n( in remote grasslan/s o, 7nner Mongolia, .)ina& =7t covers an area o, B# s*uare miles& 7t may -e t)e largest an/ -est<preserve/ gas experiment site in t)e +orl/ &&&&& Japan con( cte( 'M* Chemical an( 'M* Germ 'arfare in ?J9 of the co ntry, -ut especially in t)e nort), nort)<east an/ sout) o, .)ina,= sai/ Mr (in .)engmin& =7t s)oul/ -e *uali,ie/ ,or Worl/ Heritage status& 8)e ruins serve as a permanent remin/er o, t)e atrocities (apanese troops committe/ in .)ina&= 7n Ning2an o, Heilongjiang .)ina, anot)er %:? s)ells an/ -om-s +ere uneart)e/ in (uly ;##%, o, +)ic) ?5: were confirme( to $e 'M* Chemical 'eapons& (apan )as an o-ligation to remove t)ese +eapons +it)in "# years starting "?? , un/er t)e terms o, t)e -rganization for the 0rohi$ition of Chemical 'eapons C-0C'D, +)ic) came into e,,ect in April "?? & -0C' rea,,irme/ in May ;### t)at it )el/ (apan responsi-le ,or /estroying all its a-an/one/ /ea/ly WMD c)emical +eapons& Ho+ever, Japan is nli2ely to honor the ?::8 (ea(line impose( $y -0C' -ecause t)e joint /igs an/ collections )ave -een going on for A years) so far Japan has not (estroye( a single Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon that has $een nearthe(& Chinese civilian 'M* *eath #oll an( 'M* 3n> ries incl (ing Chil(ren contin e to rise ( e to Japanese a$an(on(e( 'M* (ea(ly weapons to this (ay &&&&&&&&& ;:

;,tortion) 0illage) "lavery) "e, "laves = *r gging of /sia Criminal ;nrichment against H manity
#his immense scale of criminal enrichment thro gh e,tortion) pillage) slavery) se, slaves = (r gs is (efinitely the worst case of criminal enrichment against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r mo(ern History& /s /<< the 'estern colonial co ntries) Japan to(ay's prosperity is also $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of its long $r tal past& 7n t)e past, (apan )a/ N;V;R -een a ric) country in its long )istory& (apan )a/ -een a poor country ,or more t)an t)ousan/s years& 8o its neig)-ouring countries, (apan +as +ell 1no+n as t)e rut)less sea pirate along t)e sea coast line&

@xactly li1e /<< t)e Western colonial ric) countries , Japan also $ecame a rich co ntry mainly thro gh vario s $r tal colonial Crimes& 7 t) in terms of morality an( ethics) Japan is the worl(Ms poorest nation&

6ac1 in 5EA4, one +oul/ truly -ecome speec)less i, recalls t)e ,act t)at, Japan e,torte( a phenomenal h ge s m of Jia' 'ar Cfirst "ino!Japanese 'arD reparation ! #reaty of Mag an C"himonose2iD from China) i&e& ?95 Million taels of silver on top of #aiwan) the 0esca(ores C0engh D an( <iaot ng penins la etc &&&&&&& 7n 5A:5, nearly -an1rupt .)ina also )a/ to pay G4: Million taels of silver in 9A years with G F yearly interest rate ,or t)e 7o,er Re$ellion 'ar in(emnity to eig)t ,oreign colonial po+ers 3 GE ! Cana(a Q / stria 4, i&e& %&"&) 7ritain) .rance) Germany) R ssia) 3taly) / stria) an( Japan& "o great vast s m of money for any wealthy nation let alone one as poor as China& 'ortunately, a .)inese am-assa/or in US /iscovere/ t)at U&S& )a/ =mis!calc late(= its /eman/ o, t)e 6oxer War 7n/emnity, i&e& over!charge( ?&4 times more t)an s)oul/ -e& Celuctantly, U&S& an/ later 6ritain )a/ no c)oice -ut to earmar1e/ t)e =mis!calc late( Chinese money= ,or overseas e/ucation o, .)inese stu/ents as t)e 7o,er .ellowship) e&g& Chen Ning 1ang, a No-el Pri5e<+inning t)eoretical p)ysicist an/ also ,amous ,or t)e 1ang! Mills #heory, ,or our current un/erstan/ing o, su-atomic particles& 8)e =mis!calc late( Chinese money= later ,orme/ -asis o, t)e ,amous .)ina2s M78, #singh a %niversity& Japan got 9G&8 million pl s interest of G5 million taels of silver from 7o,er 'ar 3n(emnity& #otal 'ar 3n(emnity China pai( to Japan alone was a staggering capital ?64 million ;?

pl s interest 9?5 million taels of silver Ci&e& #otal 4E6 Million taels of silver in 5EA4) a$o t 8 times China's ann al reven eD& China co l( not pay the cr shing staggering 'ar 3n(emnity an( ha( to $orrow money from several 'estern co ntries an( pai( heavy interest&

7n ,act, China contin e( to pay Japan the past 'ar 3n(emnity p to ''33&

'ith the phenomenal h ge amo nt of Chinese 'ar 3n(emnity money) Japan's economic too2 off imme(iately an/ +as soon rea/y ,or t)e WW77&

7n 5A5:, (apan -rutally coloni5e/ 9orea& An/ starte/ its !% years o, -rutal colonial governance to exploit 9orean resources an/ +ealt)& 6e,ore t)e War, (apan +as *uite a+are o, t)e social /estruction t)at a//ictive /rugs coul/ cause, as +ell as t)e /evastating role t)at 7ritish -pi m )a/ -roug)t onto .)ina& 8)ere,ore, ,ollo+ing 6ritis) Opium ,ootsteps, t)e (apanese /istri-ute/ -pi m , Heroin an/ Morphia along t)e .)inese coast& During (apan2s !% years o, -rutal colonial governance o, 9orea, t)e (apanese force( Korean farmers to grow opi m for Japan's opi m operations & 7n 5A5E, t)e (apanese opium pro,it in 8ai+an )a/ reac) more than E Million yen& 7n 5A95, +)en .)ina +as still engaging in its Civil 'ar, (apan sei5e/ t)e opportunity an/ engineere/ a rail+ay sa-otage 1no+n as t)e "M 2(en 3nci(ent" or "A5E 3nvasion" or "Manch rian 3nci(ent" as an excuse to resume/ its invasion& 'ollo+ing t)e explosion o, t)e local rail+ay line, t)e (apanese army -lame/ .)inese sol/iers ,or sa-otaging its supply lines& Wit)in mont)s, (apan occupie/ muc) o, t)e Nort)eastern part < Manc)uria o, .)ina (apan imme/iately trans,orme/ Manc)uria into a vast poppy ,iel/& Mits i t)en processe/ Manc)urian Opium into Heroin& Japan $ecame the largest -pi m pro( cer thro gho t the first half of the ?:th cent ry) initially in Korea) an( then in Manch ria& Accor/ing to =/ .air Chance for /sia= -y Putnam Weale, even as early as 5A5A, Japan !#

alrea(y (istri$ te( ?: tons of morphia to China ann ally ! s fficient to poison a whole nation& * ring the 'ar o, "B years o, -rutal WW77, (apan inva/e/ an/ starte/ -rutal exploitation o, t)e areas it con*uere/, ro--e/ ot)er Asian country2s +ealt), treasures an/ natural resources& 7n t)e meantime, (apan continue/ to criminally enric) itsel, +it) )un/re/s o, millions -y acting as an -pi m) Heroin) Morphia *r g *istri$ tor as its state O,,icial Policy to ,inance its +ar mac)ine& 8)e 'M* *r g 'arfare +as con/ucte/ +it) ,ull approval ,rom 8o1yo as a state O,,icial Policy, un/er t)e /irectives o, an o,,icial (apanese um-rella organi5ation, t)e .)ina A,,airs 6oar/, run -y Prince 9onoye& 7n Manc)uria, (apanese open t)e = -pi m *ens= or =-pi m *ivans= to all, even teenagersE consumption +as increasingE an/ (apanese Opium ma(e h ge criminal enrichment as the Japanese a thorities cynically ac2nowle(ge() $y imprinting a flowering poppy on their Manch 2 o coins& 6y 5A98) Japan an( its gangster operate( worl('s largest (r g traffic2ing system an( were responsi$le for A: F of the worl('s illicit narcotics& At a 5A98 <eag e of Nations Opium A/visory .ommittee meeting, R ssell 0asha (eclare( Japan was responsi$le for virt ally /<< of the worl('s illicit narcotics& 'or /etails, re,er to -oo1 -pi m ;mpire@ Japanese 3mperialism an( *r g #raffic2ing in /sia) 5EA4!5AG4& 7n 5AGG, Giolet S+eet Haven, a journalist +or1ing in Asia, /escri-e/ in )er -oo1 =Gentlemen of Japan @ / "t (y in Rapist *iplomacy= : =8)e Har-in an/ Dairen narcotics ,actories +ere ,inance/ -y t)e Mits i an/ " z 2i -an1ing )ouses &&&&& Japanese military fo n( that the opi m!smo2ing Chinese troops were the first to s rren(er an( that the (ope a((icts of M 2(en were the least tro $lesome o, t)e civilian population &&&&& or/ere/ ,actories opene/ in Har-in an/ Dairen to convert ra+ opium into )eroin an/ morp)ine &&&&& A ne+ 1in/ o, cigarette, +)ic) pe//lers sol( for less than the cheapest Chinese smo2e or gave away free &&&&& #he cigarettes were no $argain) for they were fille( with heroin) an( a((iction to (r gs swept thro gh these areas& 8)e 'M* -pi m *r g 'arefare criminally enriche( Japan H9:: million CeI ivalent of H9&4 $illion in ?::5D per year from the $an2r pt China +it) its Drug strategy o, nation against nation&

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8)oug) t)e Na5i regime lost t)e +ar, Derman companies pro,ite/ ,rom Slave la-or& German 3n( strial 'ealth was 58 times larger /fter the war than in 5A9A $y sing "lave la$orers accor/ing to economic )istorian Dietric) @ic))ol5& Similar to t)e Na5i, (apan 1i/nappe/ an/ ,orce/ Millions of la$or "laves an( 0o's to criminally enric) its ,ortune& =#he Japanese were r nning no less than the $iggest "lave shipping operation since the mi((le passage) the /frican "lave #ra(e,= .ali,ornia -ase/ la+yer 6arry 'is)er sai/& 7n "?!?, t)e (apanese government passe/ t)e National Deneral Mo-ili5ation la+, +)ic) ,orce/ all colonial su-jects, inclu/ing 9oreans, an/ .)inese in 8ai+an an/ Manc)uria, to +or1 +)erever nee/e/ -y 8o1yo& Millions o, so<calle/ =romus)a= Asians +or1e/ as Slaves ,orce/ -y t)e (apanese across Asia Paci,ic& 3t is estimate( more than 54 Million /sians an( 0o's were se( as "laves an/ only ,raction o, t)e survivors may still -e alive& Alt)oug) Japan ha( (estroye( most of its war (oc ments to conceal its crimes) what can almost $e certain is that) Japan ha( s rpasse( Nazi German in $oth the N m$er an( 7r talities o, using t)e Slaves in -ot) 6e,ore an/ During t)e War& (apan set up numerous Slave .amps all over Asia& Accor/ing to (apanese o,,icial recor/, in Japan alone) there were 594 "lave Camps ,or 94 Japanese companies) ?? of which are still in $ siness& More shoc2ing is that the (eath rate in Nazi!r n 0o' camps was 5&5 FL $ t in Japanese prisoner camps it was a staggering 94&8 F, accor/ing to #he Center for Civilian 3nternee Right) 3nc&& 6ut, t)e Most shoc2ing fact is that the *eath rate in the Japan's /sian "lave Camps was even higher than the 0o' Camps& 7n t)e so<calle/ Hanao2a 3nci(ent, a-out "## Slaves +ere 1ille/ in ! /ays a,ter t)e unsuccess,ul escape& 7n total, more t)an B": o, t)e nearly ",### men sent to Hanao2a +ere /ea/ -y t)e en/ o, War& "hoc2ing fact is that Hanao2a was har(ly the worst site& 8)e (eath co nt was even higher at other /sian "lave Camps in Japan&

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7n t)e late "?!#s, (apanese army -egan +)at it eup)emistically calle/ "pacification" campaigns to sei5e +or1ers ,or Manc)uria2s mines an/ ,actories& =/t least A Million northern Chinese an( their families were coerce( or tric2e( into going to Manch ria) where they were se( as force( la$orers,= accor/ing to He 8ianyi, a sc)olar& Prisoners +ere )el/ in concentration camps, t)en )an/e/ over to (apanese companies in Manc)uria << for a fee& 7n S&9orean, t)e .ongress+oman 9im stresse/, M #he n m$er of victims incl (ing force( la$orers) those (rafte( for military service) se, slaves) is a$o t 8&4 Millions=& Not to mention Millions more Slaves enslave/ -y (apan in ot)er Asian countries& 7t is also 1no+n as t)e =Comp lsory "eiz re Campaign") $etter 2nown as "<a$orer H nting") in which the Japanese army 2i(nappe( Chinese an( e,porte( them to Japan to wor2 as "laves at mines, construction sites an/ /oc1s ,rom 9yus)u to Ho11ai/o& /t least ?)8:: /merican 0o' as "lave la$ore( in the factories) mines an( shipyar(s of Mits $ishi s $si(iaries& Ain/a Doet5 Holmes /etaile/ in )er -oo1 %n> st ;nrichment@ How Japan's companies $ ilt postwar fort nes sing /merican 0o's& A,ter "?!?, t)e )istorians calculate, t)e num-er o, Asians Slaves 1ept in one .)i1u)o region only )a/ s+elle/ to over a Million& Accor/ing to (apanese current ,oreign minister 8aro Aso ,amily2s Aso Mining .ompany2s o+n statistics, in Mar& "?BB, it )a/ a total o, ,??% 9orean la-orers& !## Allie/ PoW +ere enslave/ at t)e Aso 0os)i1uma coal mine or 1n+on as t)e 'u1uo1a PoW 6ranc) .amp No& ;%& Japanese c rrent foreign minister #aro /so himself ran the . 2 o2a company from 5A89!8A, an/ continues to maintain )is relations)ip +it) t)e ,irm& =7eca se /so's family connection gave him the opport nity to a((ress wrongs in the firm) an( he (i( not (o so,= ma1ing )im an unsuita-le ,oreign minister -y Derman stan/ar/s accor/ing to Derman @m-assy o,,icial in 8o1yo& (apanese 'oreign Ministry in 8o1yo /i/ not respon/ to in*uiries on t)e issue& (apan also criminally enric)e/ itsel, +it) )un/re/s o, millions -y a$( cting) 2i(napping an( forcing h n(re(s of tho san(s of yo ng girls an( women into "e, "laves as pay service to its sol/iers&

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Using t)e Sex Slavery t)reat, (apanese also e,torte( large s ms of money from the women's families as ransom in e,change for their "e, "lavery& 7n Hong 9ong, Mr& Ng 0at<Hing, t)e c)airperson o, t)e Hong 9ong Ceparation Association, tells anot)er ,act o, (apanese extortion: 'rom "?B" to "?B$, H9 +as un/er t)e control o, (apanese 7mperial Army& During t)is /ar1 perio/, all ot)er currencies +ere ,or-i//en except t)e (apanese Military 1en, calle/ Dunpyo& HK resi(ents were force( to han( o t their HK an( foreign c rrency) gol() >ewelry etc to e,change the Military 1en& 'hoever (iso$eye( were e,ec te(& All t)e gol/ an/ valua-les +ere eit)er s)ippe/ -ac1 to (apan or use/ to -uy military materials, ,oreign currencies, precious metals, an/ ot)er coins& 8)e exc)ange rate at t)at time +as ; to B H9 /ollars ,or " Military 1en& A,ter t)e +ar, t)e Military 1en imme/iately -ecame +ort)less paper& Many resi(ents were $an2r pte( an( some $ecame $eggars while others starve( to (eath& Many families ha( $ecome $ro2e over night& #he $ills state( they co l( $e coverte( into yen at par val e& 'or /eca/es, t)e Association )as -een unsuccess,ully /eman/ing t)e (apanese government to ta1e t)e responsi-ility o, exc)anging t)e Military 1en +)ic) totals 4G: million) now val e( at a$o t %" H5&?E 7illion, -ac1 to H9 /ollars& 7n August "??!, t)ey ,ile/ a la+ suit +it) t)e 8o1yo District .ourt& 8)ere )as -een ;: )earings in t)e (apanese court& On (une " , "??? t)e 8o1yo District .ourt rejecte/ t)eir re*uest& Presi/ing (u/ge Seiic)iro Nis)io1a ac1no+le/ge/ t)at t)e exc)ange o, H9 /ollars +it) Military 1en, +as compulsory& He sai/, =W)et)er t)e plainti,,s s)oul/ -e compensate/ is not a matter to -e /eci/e/ -y t)e courts -ut one to -e /eci/e/ -y t)e Diet&= ='e are N-# (eman(ing for war compensation) we are (eman(ing Japan to pay $ac2 their legal *;7#=, sai/ Mr& Ng& =#he Japanese government's fra ( lent act of reneging on its (e$ts will remain in History&= 8)e Japanese National 7an2 ha( a(mitte( having iss e( 5&A 7illion Military 1en in Hong Kong& #here are 9)4:: families who are still hol(ing some :&4G 7illion Military 1en in )an/s& (apanese courts rejecte/ a similar claim ,ile/ -y a 8ai+an .)inese +oman on )er Military 1en in t)e early "?:#s& .or G4 years) starting from Korea) Japanese gol( h nting e,pert teams accompanying !B

Japan's arme( forces ha( systematically emptie( treas ries) $an2s) factories) private homes) pawn shops) art galleries) an( strippe( or(inary people) while Japan's top gangsters loote( /sia's n(erworl( an( $lac2 economy& (apan ,loo/e/ .)ina +it) narcotics, giving gangsters /rugs in exc)ange ,or gol/ an/ valua-les& @xtortion +as use/ to terrori5e +ealt)y in/ivi/uals, tycoons, clan el/ers, -an1ers an/ -usinessmen& "pecial attention were given to the theft of val a$le ancient $oo2s) priceless man scripts an( c lt ral assets& /mong the most val a$le articles ta2en $ac2 to Japan were the /sian c lt ral artwor2s an( historic artifacts& "tolen artifacts from /sia fo n( in Japan 7t is estimate/ t)at (apan )a/ loote( more than ?&8 million $oo2s from China& /fter the war only 54E)E89 $oo2s were ret rne(& 8o/ay, t)e ret rn of the loote( priceless c lt ral an( private assets from across 5? /sian co ntries $y Japan still remains far off the agen(a& During t)e +ar, t)e comman(er of the 56th *ivision) <ie tenant General Na2a>ima Kesago was fo n( looting Chiang Kai!she2's treas res s ch as r gs an( paintings an( sen(ing them to Kyoto in ?9 $o,es& Japanese o t!performe( an( were far more thoro gh than the Nazis in looting an( pl n(ering& #he pl n(er was the wealth an( properties of 5? /sian co ntries) acc m late( over tho san(s of years& (apan systematically searc)e/ an/ loote/ Asia +it) plun/ering enric)ment an/ gree/iness un<prece/ente/ in mo/ern History& More s)oc1ing /etails o, t)e (apanese .riminal enric)ment coul/ -e ,oun/ in t)e controversial -oo1 Gol( 'arriors@ /merica's "ecret Recovery of 1amashita's Gol(, -ac1e/ up -y massive amounts o, t)e aut)or2s ra+ researc) material, +)ic) is availa-le in ? C*!R-Ms containing more than A:: mega$ytes of (oc ments) interviews) maps an( photographs assem-le/ /uring t)eir meticulous researc) ,or in/epen/ent veri,ication& Accor/ing to t)eir researc), t)e @mperor Hiro)ito appointe/ )is -rot)er Prince .)ic)i-u to !$

)ea/ a top<secret operation co/ename/ =1in no yuri=, i&e& =Gol(en <ily= to supervise looting o, Asia, mainly ,rom .)ina, 8ai+an, 9orea an/ P)ilippine, t)en s)ippe/ all loote/ treasures to (apan& Over B$ years, (apan systematically loote( wealth of 5? /sian co ntries acc m late( over tho san(s of years: currency, gol/, platinum, silver, /iamon/s, gemstones, je+elry, cultural treasures, religious arti,acts, art an/ anti*ues inclu/ing more t)an a /o5en soli/ gol/ 6u//)as, eac) +eig)ing more t)an a ton& 8)e looting an/ plun/ering, +)ic) +as ,ar more t)oroug) t)an t)e Na5is, -ecame t)e (apanese +ay to ,inance its -rutal +ar& 3n China alone) Japan loote( 6)::: tonnes of gol( from Chinese capital Nan>ing in "?!:& 'rom "?B;, .)ic)i-u supervise/ t)e -uil/ing o, " $ 7mperial storage sites to )i/e t)e treasure o, Gol(en <ily& W)en t)e plun/er +as una-le to -e s)ippe/ to (apan /ue to US su-marine -loc1a/e, t)e treasure +as -urie/ -y (apanese +artime comman/er Deneral 0amas)ita, 1no+n as t)e =1amashita's Gol(=, estimate/ %"H 4:: 7illion!pl s of wealth loote( from 5? /sian co ntries acc m late( over tho san(s of years& Hi/ing t)e treasure +as crucial, so t)at i, (apan lost t)e +ar militarily, it +oul/ not lose ,inancially& 'ar ,rom -eing -an1rupte/ -y t)e +ar, (apan )a/ -een greatly an/ criminally ric)e/& 7n an e,,ort to 1eep t)e -urial locations secret, t)ousan/s o, Slave la-orers, sol/iers, an/ engineers +ere -urie/ alive +it) t)e treasure& A,ter t)e +ar, U&S& an/ ,ormer P)ilippine presi/ent 'er/inan/ Marcos recovere/ some o, t)em& 6ut su-stantial portion o, t)e treasure stolen -y (apan still remains -urie/ in t)e P)ilippine& 'or /eca/es, t)e existence o, t)is )i//en treasure +as regar/e/ as s)eer ,antasy& 6ut in t)e "??#2s, courts in America an/ S+it5erlan/ conclu/e/ t)at -illions o, /ollars in gol/ +ere loote/ -y (apan an/ )i//en in t)e P)ilippine& / "wiss co rt (isclose( in 5AA8 that one of the soli( gol( 7 ((has is now in a $an2 va lt $eneath N rich's Kloten /irport) along with a large I antity of other gol( $ llion recovere( $y former 0hilippine presi(ent .er(inan( Marcos an( hel( in Marcos family acco nts& 7n "?? , a team ,rom Japan's /sahi television was le( to a mo ntain cave in the 0hilippine) where they filme( an( e,amine( 5)E:: of these $ars) worth H54: million) an( (rille( core samples that confirme( their province& A,ter (apan2s surren/er, some gol/s +ere recovere/ -y US& 6ut US /eci/e/ to steal an/ criminally enric) itsel, instea/ o, returning to its rig)t,ul Asian o+ner ,or t)eir economic recovery a,ter War&

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Accor/ing to t)e Seagraves, %" financial e,perts from C3/ instr cte( "anta Romana to (eposit the gol( in 586 relia$le $an2s in G? (ifferent co ntries& 3nstea( of ret rning these loote( gol( to the rightf l owners of /sian co ntries for their (esparate recovery after the war) %&"& criminally enriche( itself $y stealing these loote( gol( an( set p "l sh . n(s to finance an( infl ence politics aro n( the worl(& 8)e slus) ,un/s -ecame US political +orl/+i/e action ,un/ to ,ig)t communism& 8)e most ,amous one is 1no+n as t)e 7lac2 ;agle #r st, or t)e M!. n( to rein,orce t)e treasuries o, its allies, -ri-e political lea/ers, manipulate politics, military, economics an/ elections aroun/ t)e +orl/& 8)e ,act t)at .)ina /i/ not sign t)e San 'rancisco Peace 8reaty, t)ere,ore, .)ina )as all )er rig)ts to t)e restoration o, t)e recovere/ gol/ an/ treasures& /fter the 'ar, accor/ing to Segraves, %" se( the loote( treas re from /sia as sort of Japanese Marshall 0lan to re<-uil/ (apan, an/ /evelop (apanese 1ey in/ustries suc) as coal, iron, s)ip-uil/ing an/ electric po+er ,or (apan2s so<calle/ =@conomic Miracle Cecovery= an/ as -ul+ar1 against communism& =8rut) is somet)ing governments /o not +is) to -e 1no+n& 6ig corporate me/ia an/ -ootlic1ing aca/emics )ave trie/ to un/ermine our -oo1s -y preten/ing t)ey /on2t exist or saying t)at t)e M!. n( is imaginary& 7 t loo2 at the C*!R-Ms& "ecrecy) lying an( corr ption have $ecome the official seal of #o2yo an( 'ashington= says Peggy Seagrave& #he fact that the %&"& still ref ses to (eclassify relevant -""JC3/ materials) in $latant contravention of %&"& .ree(om of 3nformation laws) strongly s ggests to many scholars an( historians that there is something serio s to Cover! p& (apan also criminally enric)e/ -y t)e %&"& Cover! p of "tate!#errorism +it)out ta1ing any legal an/ moral responsi-ilities an/ pay compensation to t)e victims a,ter t)e War, instea/, (apan pro,ite/ an/ increase/ its +ealt) extensively ,rom t)e .ol/ War -et+een U&S& an/ Soviet, .)ina& #he total past 'ar 3n(emnity that China pai( to Japan alone was a staggering capital ?64 million pl s interest 9?5 million taels of silver Ci&e& #otal 4E6 Million taels of silver in 5EA4) a$o t 8 times China's ann al reven eD& China co l( not pay the cr shing staggering 'ar 3n(emnity an( ha( to $orrow money from several 'estern co ntries an( pai( heavy interest& 7n ,act, China contin e( to pay Japan the 'ar 3n(emnity p to ''33&

7n an extremely vivi/ contrast, "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty reveals t)at t)e reparations matter +as postpone/ until (apan )as t)e ,inancial means to pay& #o cover! p) %&"& insiste( that Japan was $a(ly (amage( an( $an2r pt when the war en(e(& 3n fact) few factories an( mansions were (estroye( or even serio sly (amage() an( there was little (amage to the infrastr ct re& (apanese in/ustries +ere /isperse/ +i/ely an/ largely conceale/ ,rom air attac1& Accor/ing to )istorian (o)n W& Do+er, aut)or o, ;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33, t)e financial centers) transportation infrastr ct re) an( p $lic tilities in Japan remaine( largely intact& Accor/ing to Segraves, far from $eing $an2r pte( $y the 'ar) Japan ha( $een greatly an( criminally enriche( $y the 0l n(er of /sia after the 'ar& Ma1oto 8ana-e, a Social Democrat in t)e (apanese Parliament, commente/ on t)e re/ress : =/ compensation witho t apology is n!ethical& /n apology witho t compensation is mere hypocrisy&= So ,ar, (apan )as re,use/ to +illingly an/ )onoura-ly ,ollo+ t)e great example set -y t)e courageous Dermany& As Davi/ Harris )as sai/ =8)ose nations +)o )i/e -e)in/ t)e legal tec)nicality +ill ultimately ,in/ t)at t)e +all comes tum-ling /o+n&= Sooner or later, (apan +ill -e ,orce/ to /is<)onoura-ly ,ollo+ t)e courageous Dermany&

Nan>ing Massacre ! 3nh man Civilian 0o' Massacre

3n terms of e,treme $r talities an( atrocities with great magnit (e an( (iversities) Nan>ing Massacre is (efinitely the worst crime case of systematic massacre an( rape of civilians an( 0o's against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r mo(ern History & "o ghastly that it ma(e Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$er an( the ? /tomic 7om$s appear very H mane& A,ter losing t)e ? infamo s -pi m 'ar to 6ritain in ":B" an/ ":$%, .)ina )a/ -ecome t)e worl('s largest worst (r g case in Human History& 8)e -pi m /rug cause/ a (isastro s o tflow of China's wealth&

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China ) as one of the richest co ntries in the worl( ) greatly a(mire( $y Marco 0olo ) I ic2ly $ecame one of the poorest co ntries an/ starte/ to /isintegrate& 6y t)e early o, t)is century, .)ina +as long since carve/ into lease/ colonial c)un1s -y t)e colonial po+ers , i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria & 'oreign countries esta-lis)e/ t)eir o+n "pheres of 3nfl ence +it)in .)ina& 'oreign colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria intro/uce/ a +)ole century o, )umiliation an/ many )umiliating %neI al #reaties Cmore than 5)5:: treatiesD onto .)ina& .)ina )a/ -ecome a semi<colony country& W)at t)e Western countries an/ (apan, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria +ere intereste/ in +as t)e carving up o, .)ina& 7t +as exactly t)at gree(iness) para(o,ically reI ire( 2eeping China together $eca se of their m t al (istr st, an/ resulte/ in t)e -pen *oor 0olicy ,or e*ual tra/ing rig)ts in .)ina -y t)e colonial countries o, GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& .)ina +as not ,ree/ ,rom t)is %neI al #reaty "ystem an/ t)e a((ictive (r g -pi m) Heroin) an( Morphia e,porte( $y 7ritain) %&"&) Japan etc until "?B$& 8)e Mei>i Restoration )a/ success,ully c)ange/ (apan ,rom a ,eu/al state to a mo/ern state& %nfort nately) it also s ccessf lly transforme( Japan from a previo s 'estern Colonial Victim to a ;astern Colonial /ggressor& .)inese tri-utary ties to neig)-oring countries +ere strongly maintaine/ an/ +ere especially strong with <i Ii 3slan(s CRy 2y 3slan(sD ) Korea ) 7 rma ) northern Vietnam as its tri$ tary states& 8)ey )a/ -een .)inese tri-utary states ,or a very very long time& Ho+ever, slo+ly t)e colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria -egan to carve in& Japan -roug)t t)e <i Ii 3slan(s CRy 2y 3slan(sD un/er its control in t)e ": #s& 7ritain annexe/ 7 rma& R ssia gaine( the maritime provinces of northern Manch ria an( the areas north of the /m r River in 5E6:& Northern Vietnam C/nnam4 )a/ -een a tri-utary state o, .)ina ,or a long time& 7n "::;, 'renc) colonial ,orces sei5e/ t)e cita/el o, Hanoi, t)e capital o, 8on1in, an/ ,orce/ @mperor o, Annam to sign #reaty of H R, ce/ing 8on1in to 'rance as a protectorate& .)ina rejecte/ t)e treaty an/ soon le/ to t)e "ino!.rench 'ar& Due to .)inese .)ing government2s lac1 o, +ill to continue t)e +ar, an/ 'rance2s over+)elming a/vantage at sea, in "::$ .)ina ac1no+le/ge/ t)e #reaty of H R an/ gave up its su5erainty over Northern Vietnam

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C/nnam4 & Northern Vietnam C/nnamD an( #on2in were soon incorporate( into .rench 3n(ochina& 3n 5E8?, (apanese 8enno government ,orci-ly carrie/ out t)e so<calle/ "Ry 2y *isposal" an/ inva/e/ t)e centuries ol/ Ry 2y King(om& 3n 5E8G, just % years a,ter t)e Meiji Cestoration, Japan inva(e( #aiwan) China with the prete,t of settling the iss e of Ry 2y fishermen 2ille( 9 years earlier& 8)e Jing government accepte/ t)e me/iation -ro1ere/ -y 6ritain, -ut t)e U&S& an/ 'rance too1 si/e +it) t)e (apanese& As a result, t)e Jing court +as ,orce/ to sign +it) (apan t)e =Special 8reaty on 8ai+an A,,airs=, +)ic) o-ligate/ .)ina to pay (apan an in(emnity of H4::)::: taels of silver an( force( to recognize Ry 2y as part of Japanese territory& 3n 5E8A, (apan -rutaly ,orce/ t)e annexation o, t)e ancient Ry 2y King(om an/ turne/ it a colony o, t)e 8enno system un/er t)e name =-2inawa 0refect re= & 8)en a "eries of Massacres carrie( o t $y the Japanese that 2ille( a ma>or proportion of the Ry 2y an pop lation in or(er to clear the Ry 2yans' strong Chinese roots an( common favors for China& (apanese t)en systematically execute/ a $r tal C lt ral Massacre to eliminate O1ina+a2s language, religion, arts, customs& /ny lin2 to the Chinese c lt re was either (estroye( or erase(& 8)e survive/ Cyu1yuans +ere t)en ,orce/ to a/opt t)e (apanese language, culture an/ names& #he name of the well 2nown -2inawan art of Karate act ally meant "China Han("& 3ts name was intentionally change( $y Japanese to ";mpty Han(" to conceal its origin& -2inawans s ffere( in(ignities an( (iscrimination in civil rig)ts, economic opportunities, culture an/ social stan/ing& Japan's minorities' place in the s n& 8)us a,ter t)e +ar, (apan o,,ere/ O1ina+a to US ,or its militaries, a total o, ! U&S& military -ases& During t)e +ar, total /eat) in t)e 7attle of -2inawa +as more than the /tomic 7om$s of Nagasa2i an( Hiroshima com$ine(& A-out ">! o, t)e O1ina+ans population +ere 1ille/& Many were act ally 2ille( $y the Japanese army& Many O1ina+ans +ere also -rain< +as)e/ into Gro p " ici(e , " ici(e Cliff -y t)e (apanese& 3n 5EE8, t)e /irector o, (apanese Secon/ 6ureau o, t)e Deneral Sta,,, /ra,te/ t)e ,amous =General 0lan for a Military ;,pe(ition into the King "tate= +)ic) contemplate/ attac1s in 6eijing, occupations in t)e 0angt5e Civer area, annexation o, t)e @astern Aiaoning Peninsula, 8ai+an, t)e Pesca/ores, etc, an/ in t)e meantime /ivi/e/ ot)er parts o, .)ina into small countries suc) as Nort)east, Nort) .)ina, (iangnan, Jing Hai an/ 8i-et, Mongolia, Dansu an/ Kun)gar, +)ic) +oul/ -e all un/er t)e control o, (apan& (apanese .ommerce an/ Agriculture Minister 8ani 8ate1i, a,ter returning ,rom a trip to @urope, sent a memoran/um to t)e (apanese @mperor, =&&&&& as ,ar as @urope is concerne/, alt)oug) +e +ill not -e /irectly involve/, we can ta2e a(vantage of s ch a ; ropean t rmoil) an( $ecome the master of the ;ast in one $ig leap &&&&&= 'or a very long time, 9orea )a/ -een .)ina2s tra/itional tri-utary state& 8o assert t)e control o, 9orea, (apan )a/ actively penetrate/ 9orea2s political, economic an/ military a,,airs& B#

.)inese Jing government +as completely corrupte/ an/ +ea1ene/ -y t)e 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroin an( Morphia an/ +as a,rai/ o, getting involve/ +it) con,rontations +it) t)e Western an/ (apan colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& 3n 5EAG, Jia' 'ar Cfirst "ino!Japanese 'arD ,inally -egan in (uly -et+een .)ina an/ (apan to assert in,luences over 9orea& Accor/ing to (ames .reelman, a +ar correspon/ent o, t)e Ne+ 0or1 Worl/, +rote in t)e =-n the Great Highway= a-out +)at )e )a/ personally eye+itnesse/ o, t)e Massacre of 0ort /rth r C < sh n 0ort D that st nne( the international comm nities& #he Massacre of 0ort /rth r C < sh n 0ort D was wi(ely reporte( $y the foreign >o rnalists aro n( the worl( : =the Japanese 2ille( everything they saw& %narme( men) 2neeling in the streets an( $egging for life) were shot) $ayonete() or $ehea(e(& #he town was sac2e( from en( to en() an( the inha$itants were $ tchere( in their own ho ses&&&&& All along t)e streets +e coul/ see t)e plea/ing store1eepers s)ot an/ sa-re/& Doors +ere -ro1en /o+n an/ +in/o+s torn out&&&&&= =7n t)e morning 7 +al1e/ into Port Art)ur 3< sh n 0ort4 +it) t)e correspon/ent o, t)e Aon/on 8imes& #he scenes in the streets were heartren(ing& ;verywhere we saw $o(ies torn an( mangle() as if $y wil( $easts& *ogs were whimpering over the frozen corpses of their masters& #he victims were mostly shop2eepers& Nowhere the trace of a weapon) nowhere a sign of resistance& 3t was a sight that wo l( (amn the fairest nation on earth&&&&&= Accor/ing to a (apanese army o,,icer +)o +as t)ere t)at t)e 0ort /rth r Massacre was a vengeance& W)en t)e -attle +as over, t)e (apanese +ere marc)ing into t)e to+n& A young o,,icer ,oun/ )is o+n -rot)er +as 1ille/ +it) atrocious .)inese tortures& Japanese vengeance sprea( li2e wil(fire thro gh the army& A-out ?:)::: Chinese civilians incl (ing women an( chil(ren were sla ghtere( -y t)e (apanese army in vengeance& 8)e Jia' 'ar Cfirst "ino!Japanese 'arD en/e/ +it) signing t)e #reaty of Mag an C"himonose2i4 on April " , ":?$& .ompletely corrupte/ an/ +ea1ene/ -y t)e 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroin an( Morphia, .)ina +as no matc)& De,eate/, .)ina +as ,orce/ to recogni5e t)e in/epen/ence o, 9orea, pay an enormous War 7n/emnity ?95 Million taels of silver) cession of #aiwan) the 0esca(ores C0engh D an( <iaot ng penins la etc &&&&&& 7n 8ai+an, (apanese imme/iately starte/ to clear t)e 8ai+anese strong .)inese roots& (apanese +as impose/ as t)e o,,icial language an/ t)e use o, .)inese +as ,or-i//en& Stu/ents +ere ,orce/ to learn (apanese& All .)inese in 8ai+an +ere ,orce/ to a/opt t)e (apanese language an/ culture& B"

3n 5A:G, R ssian!Japanese fo ght a war insi(e China to (etermine who ha( more "Rights" to colonize China, en/e/ +it) #reaty of 0ortsmo th& 3n 5A5:, Japan $r tally anne,e( Korea an/ starte/ !% years o, -rutal colonial governance +it) a C lt ral Massacre in 9orea& Ne+spapers +ere pro)i-ite/ ,rom pu-lis)ing in 9orean& 8)e stu/y o, 9orean )istory +as -anne/ at university& Sc)ool c)il/ren +ere ,or-i//en to spea1 9orean& (apanese even passe/ la+ an/ ,orce/ 9oreans to c)ange name to (apanese names an/ impose/ penalties on t)ose +)o re,use/& 'orce/ t)em to a/opt (apanese "hinto Religion etc, -ut +it)out muc) success& @ven t)e tra/itional Asian lunar Ne+ 0ear +as ,or-i//en to cele-rate& 'ith the phenomenal h ge Chinese 'ar 3n(emnity money) Japan's economic too2 off imme(iately an/ +as soon rea/y ,or t)e WW77& 3n 5A5G, (apan sei5e/ t)e opportunity o, W&W&7& to expan/ its sp)ere o, in,luence in .)ina, (apan /eclare/ +ar on Dermany an/ I ic2ly occ pie( German!lease( territories in China's "han(ong province& 3n 5A54, 'urt)er to ta1e a/vantage o, W&W&7& in @urope, Japan (eman(e( China to s rren(er her sovereignty with a secret ltimat m comprising ?5 H miliating *eman(s an/ -ac1e/ up -y t)e t)reat o, +ar& Alt)oug) still su,,ering as a Western colonial victim, ( ring '&'&3) China sent A6)::: la$orers to help allies an( wor2e( in the trenches& ?)::: ha( (ie( there& At en/ o, W&W&7& at t)e peace con,erence in Paris, .)ina re*ueste/: /o a+ay +it) t)e privileges o, t)e imperialist ,oreign countries in .)ina, cancel t)e (apanese =?5 H miliating *eman(s=, ta1e -ac1 t)e privileges in S)an/ong t)at (apan )a/ ta1en ,rom Dermany& Ho+ever, not +illing to give up t)eir ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina, t)e U&S&, 6ritain an/ 'rance rejecte/ .)ina2s /eman/s& 7nstea/, /rticle 546 of #reaty of Versailles transferre( German concessions in "han(ong) China to Japan rather than ret rning sovereign a thority to China& .)ina re,use/ to sign t)e #reaty of Versailles, compoun/e/ +it) t)e (apanese ?5 H miliating *eman(s le/ /irectly to t)e ,irst mass movement in mo/ern .)inese )istory, i&e& t)e ,amous .irst Chinese niversity st (ent movement @ May Gth Movement in 6eijing in "?"? an/ triggere/ a nation+i/e 7oycott of Japanese Goo(s& 8)e movement also ignite/ a +ave o, searc)ing e,,orts -y t)e intellectuals ,or a solution to save .)ina ,rom ,oreign colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& Some a/vocate/ gra/ual cultural re,orm, +)ile ot)ers intro/uce/ Marxism an/ le/ to t)e -irt) o, t)e Chinese Comm nist 0arty&

B;

Worrie/ a-out losing t)eir o+n esta-lis)e/ ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina to (apan, t)e Western countries intervene/ an/ later at t)e Was)ington .on,erence, (apan reluctantly agree/ to +it)/ra+ its troops ,rom S)an/ong an/ restore ,ull sovereignty to .)ina& 3n 5A?E, .)ina +as still /ivi/e/ -y t)e +arlor/s& *r& " n 1at!"en2s government appointe/ .)iang 9ai<s)e1 as t)e comman/er<in<c)ie, o, t)e army to unite .)ina& (apan +ante/ to provo1e +ar +)ile .)ina +as still /ivi/e/, t)us /ispatc)e/ !,### sol/iers to t)e (inan city un/er t)e pretext o, protecting (apanese resi/ents an/ 2ille( the Chinese negotiator #sai K ng!"hi) an( massacre( several tho san(s of Chinese civilians an( sol(iers in Jinan city, 1no+n as t)e =May 9r( Jinan Massacre=& (apanese t)en assassinate( the Chinese warlor( Chang #so!lin a,ter )e )a/ expresse/ )is intention to surren/er Manc)uria to t)e .)inese government t)at +oul/ t)reaten (apan2s economic privileges an/ its /omination in Manc)uria& .)inese government reali5e/ t)e =May 9r( Jinan Massacre" an( the assassination were (esigne( $y Japan to provo2e war while China was still (ivi(e(& .)iang 9ai<s)e1 or/ere/ t)e )is army to avoi/ (apanese controlle/ areas, an/ later e,,ectively uni,ie/ .)ina un/er t)e government -ase/ in Nanjing& Most American t)in1 o, t)e (apanese attac1 on 0earl Har$or as t)e -eginning o, WW77& 6ut in ,act, t)e $r tal ''33 was alrea(y raging in China since 5A95) an( nowhere was it more $r tal than in Nan2ing CNan>ingD) the capital of China at that time& 5A95 "ept 5E, +)en .)ina +as still engaging in its Civil 'ar, (apan sei5e/ t)e opportunity an/ engineere/ a rail+ay sa-otage 1no+n as t)e "M 2(en 3nci(ent" or "A5E 3nvasion" or "Manch rian 3nci(ent" as an excuse to resume/ its invasion& 'ollo+ing t)e explosion o, t)e local rail+ay line, t)e (apanese army -lame/ .)inese sol/iers ,or sa-otaging its supply lines& Wit)in mont)s, (apan occupie/ muc) o, t)e Nort)eastern part < Manc)uria o, .)ina& 7n Nov& "?!", t)e .)inese communists +)o )a/ re-elle/ t)e corrupte/ CO. government, esta-lis)e/ a provisional Soviet =government= in (iangxi Province& .)iang 9ai<S)e1 -elieve/ t)at t)e .ommunists must -e eliminate/ -e,ore .)ina coul/ e,,ectively repel (apanese invasion& Since )e +as +inning t)e Civil 'ar at t)e time, .)iang +as /etermine/ to carry on t)e Anti<.ommunist campaign, so or/ere/ )is armies to continue to attac1& 6ut one army general .)ang Hsue)<Aiang /isgree/ an/ /iso-eye/& He ,le+ to Iian on Dec ";, "?!%, to con,ront t)e general, -ut +as arreste/ -y .)ang& A,ter some intense negotiations, .)iang 9ai< S)e1 ,inally reluctantly agree/ to )alt t)e Civil 'ar an/ joine/ ,orces +it) t)e .ommunist army an/ ,oug)t toget)er against t)e (apanese invasion& 7t is 1no+n as t)e ,amous =Pian 3nci(ent" which ha( an e,tremely profo n( impact on the co rse of Chinese History& 5A9? .e$ 5E, Japan (eclare( Manch ria was to $e in(epen(ent from China as "Manch 2 o" an/ set up a puppet state in t)e name o, 0 yi +)o +as t)e last emperor o, .)ina&

B!

(apan t)en move/ as many as ; Millions o, (apanese an/ 9orean into .)ina over t)e next ,e+ years to prepare ,or t)e ,ull invasion& 7n t)e puppet state, (apanese replace/ .)inese as t)e o,,icial language& S)into religion +as en,orce/& ;?$ S)into s)rines )a/ -een erecte/& 8)e racial ran1ing +as (apanese ,irst, 9oreans secon/, an/ Manc)us an/ .)inese t)ir/& #he Japanese (iscriminate( against the Chinese in all areas) e&g& Japanese were allocate( white rice) the Koreans half white rice an( half sorgh m) an( the Chinese sorgh m& #he wage in in( stries@ "alary C1enD & Japanese Korean Chinese .actories Male !& : "&$; "&#? .emale "&:; #& % #&$! Male !&!! "&!# #&?: Mines .emale < "&#; #&!#

5A98 J ly 8, (apan ,a-ricate/ t)e "China 3nci(ent" or the "88 Marco 0olo 7ri(ge 3nvasion" an/ launc)e/ its ,ull scale invasion into .)ina un/er t)e =Greater ;ast /sian Co! prosperity "phere" colonial (ream an/ resume/ its -loo/y coloni5ation o, .)ina, 9orean Peninsula an/ most o, Sout)east Asia& (apan proclaime/ t)at it +oul/ nee/ only "9 (ays to conI er "hanghai) 9 months to conI er China"& 0et, not only japan )a/ to spen/ ! mont)s just to capt re "hanghai city, -ut also su,,ere/ great casualties& Japan was the .3R"# in /sia engage( in "3n(iscriminate 7om$ing= on civilians starte/ in (an& 5A9? in S)ang)ai& 8)erea,ter, (apan in(iscriminately $om$e( on Chinese civilians in Nanjing, Wu)an, .)ong*ing an/ ot)er cities& 8)e -loo/y 7attle of "hanghai laste/ ! mont)s an/ involve/ nearly one million troops& 7t +as really -loo/y engage/ in ur-an )ouse to )ouse com-at& Approx& ;##,### /ie/ on -ot) si/es& W)en t)e prolonge/ 7attle of "hanghai +as ,inally over in mi/<Novem-er, in vengeance) Japanese sol(iers $egan wrea2ing their inflame( animosities on Chinese sol(iers an( civilians thro gho t their march to Nan>ing) the Chinese capital& Japanese comman(ers (eli$erately (i( N-# set p m ch foo( an( other s pply lines ,or BB

t)eir troop, instea/ or/ere/ t)em to live o,, t)e lan/ on t)eir +ay to Nanjing& 8)is meant t)at sol(iers were given -fficial 0ermission to loot local peasants an( villages& #hey were n(er e,plicit -fficial -r(ers to loot for foo() other s pplies) val a$les from the locals& W)en (apanese +ere not a-le to loot any ,oo/ ,rom t)e .)inese /ue to t)eir extreme poverty, Japanese h ngry sol(iers simply 2ille( the Chinese an( coo2e( h man flesh an( organs as their foo( so rce& .eeling h miliate( for not a$le to conI er China in 9 months an( s ffere( h ge loss) (esperately wante( to $rea2 the ne,pecte( Chinese strong will of resistance) Japan t rne( to e,treme "tate!#erriorism, employe/ o,,icial government policy o, Massacre an/ Cape, use/ WMD 6iological, WMD .)emical an/ a//ictive WMD Drug War,ares& 7n 'e-& ;###, a roa/ construction team /iscovere/ a-out ;#,### WMD .)emical Weapon metal canisters lay -urie/ atop t)e 0ello+ 6ear/ Mountain, Nanjing, showing for the first time that Japanese forces (eploye( 'M* Chemical 'eapon ( ring their invasion of the Chinese capital Nan>ing& #he size of the 'M* Chemical 'eapon) e,perts say) is eno gh to p t 1ellow 7ear( Mo ntain near the top of the list of places aro n( the worl(& Most startling is the fact that the stoc2pile in Nan>ing represents > st a tiny fraction of the 'M* Chemical 'eapon in China left $ehin( $y Japanese army& 5A98 *ec& 59, Nan>ing) the capital of China /uring t)e +ar, ,inally ,ell to t)e (apanese& 8)e .)inese government )a/ to move its capital to t)e city o, .)ongJing& Aater in "?B#, Japan set p a Chinese p ppet government in the conI ere( capital Nan>ing n(er 'ang Jing!'ei& 8)e retreating .)inese troops starte/ setting ,ire on some o, t)e -uil/ings as part o, t)eir Scorc)e/ @art) policy as not to leave anyt)ing use,ul to t)e enemy& Some o, t)e /emorali5e/ .)inese sol/iers also starte/ looting& Arc)i-al/ Steele o, t)e .)icago Daily Ne+s +rote, =,eeling t)at t)e -e)avior o, t)e (apanese coul/ not possi-ly -e +orse t)an t)at o, t)eir o+n /e,eate/ army, t)ey +ere *uic1ly /isillusione/&= 5A98 *ec& 5G, .omman/er o, t)e Sasa1i Detac)ment o, t)e "%t) /ivision o, t)e S)ang)ai @xpe/itionary 'orce, Major Deneral Sasa1i 8ouic)i un/er .omman/er<in<.)ie, Prince Asa1a 0asu)i1o iss e( the official military or(er ! " Kill /<< Captives "&

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(apanese military ,orce imme/iately systematically starte/ mur/ering civilians an/ PoWs in .)ina un/er t)e military "#hree /ll 0olicy" !! "Kill /ll) <oot /ll) 7 rn /ll"& 7t +as a well planne() f ll scale revenge /esigne/ to intimi/ate an/ crus) t)e spirit o, .)ina& (apanese sol/ier -egan an orgy o, cruelty sel/om, i, ever, matc)e/ in mo/ern History& 7n t)e next ; < ! mont)s, (apan committe/ t)e in,amous =Nan>ing *at sha= or =Great Nan>ing Massacre=, or =Rape of Nan>ing=, +)ile U&S& remaine/ neutral an/ still tra/ing +it) (apan& 7n Nanjing, t)e sense o, en/<o,<-attle relie, *uic1ly turne/ into an immense ,ear o, Deat), Cape an/ Co--ery& (apanese sol/iers un/er comman/er<in<c)ie, Prince Asa1a 0asu)i1o o, t)e S)ang)ai @xpe/itionary 'orce an/ uncle o, (apanese @mpress Naga1o, loote/ all t)e precious .)inese gol/s an/ silver, national treasures, ancient arti,acts, ja/es, rugs, porcelain art+or1s, paintings, anti*ues an/ -oo1s in t)e ,ormer .)inese capital, ,or transport to (apan& 'ran1 8ilman Dur/in o, t)e Ne+ 0or1 8imes +rote, =7 sa+ t)e (apanese troops out/o t)em in a campaign o, plun/er +)ic) t)e (apanese carrie/ out not only in t)e s)ops -ut in )omes, )ospitals, an/ re,ugee camps&= 8ilman Dur/in reporte/ t)e early stages o, t)e massacre -e,ore -eing ,orce/ to leave& He later +rote: =7 /rove /o+n to t)e +ater,ront in my car& An/ to get to t)e gate 3 ha( to > st clim$ over masses of $o(ies acc m late( there&" "#he car > st ha( to (rive over these (ea( $o(ies& An/ t)e scene on t)e river ,ront, as 7 +aite/ ,or t)e launc)&&& +as o, a gro p of smo2ing) chattering Japanese officers overseeing the massacring of a $attalion of Chinese capt re( troops&= =8)ey +ere marc)ing a-out in groups o, a-out "$, mac)ine< gunning t)em&= As )e /eparte/, )e sa+ ?:: men $eing e,ec te( in 5: min tes to the apparent en>oyment of Japanese military spectators& .& 0ates McDaniel o, .)icago Daily 8ri-une +rote in )is =Nan2ing Horror *escri$e( in *iary of 'ar Reporter= : =My last remem$rance of Nan2ing @ *ea( Chinese) *ea( Chinese) *ea( Chinese& = 8)e Ne+ 0or1 8imes reporter '& 8ilman ,ile/ )is report, =/ll Captives "lain= on Dec& ":, "?! : =8)e (apanese looting amounte/ almost to plun/ering o, t)e entire city& Nearly every -uil/ing +as entere/ -y (apanese sol/iers, o,ten un/er t)e eyes o, t)eir o,,icers, an/ t)e men too1

B%

+)atever t)ey +ante/& 8)e (apanese sol/iers o,ten impresse/ .)inese to carry t)eir loot &&&&&&& 8)e mass executions o, +ar prisoners a//e/ to t)e )orrors t)e (apanese -roug)t to Nan1ing&= =#he army men performing the gr esome >o$ ha( invite( navy men from the warships anchore( off the 7 n( to view the scene& / large gro p of military spectators apparently greatly en>oye( the spectacle&= =Most o, t)e .)inese sol/iers +)o )a/ -een interne/ in t)e sa,ety 5one +ere s)ot in masses& 8)e city +as com-e/ in a systematic )ouse to )ouse searc) ,or men )aving 1napsac1 mar1s on t)eir s)oul/ers or ot)er signs o, )aving -een sol/iers& 8)ey +ere )er/e/ toget)er an/ execute/&= Ot)er atrocities +ere vivi/ly /escri-e/ -y 7ris .)ang +it) Nightmare in Nan2ing in )er -est selling -oo1 "Rape of Nan2ing ! #he .orgotten Holoca st" : =8)e -rutalities inclu/e/ s)ooting, sta--ing, cutting open t)e a-/omen, excavating t)e )eart, /ecapitation, /ro+ning, punc)ing t)e -o/y an/ eye +it) an a+l& 8)ousan/s o, civilians +ere -urie/ or -urn alive, or use/ as targets ,or -ayonet practice, s)ot in large groups an/ t)ro+n into 0angt5e Civer&= =Not only /i/ live -urials, castration, t)e carving o, organs an/ t)e roasting o, people -ecome routine, -ut more /ia-olical tortures +ere practice/, suc) as )anging people -y t)eir tongues on iron )oo1s or -urying people to t)eir +aists an/ +atc)ing t)em torn apart -y /ogs&= =An estimate/ ;#,### < :#,### .)inese +omen +ere rape/& Many sol/iers +ent -eyon/ rape to /isem-o+el +omen, slice o,, t)eir -reasts, nail t)em alive to +alls& .athers were force( to rape their (a ghters) an( sons their mothers) as other family mem$ers watche(&=

(apanese invente/ Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port&

=#he manner in which these victims met their (eath was e,tremely cr el with atrocities of s ch great magnit (e an( (iversities) so ghastly that it ma(e Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$er an( the ? /tomic 7om$s appear very H mane&=

3n fact) mass m r(er was carrie( o t systematically $y the Japan long $efore the first Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$ers were even $ ilt&

"ol(iers compete( in " 7 shi(o ! Killing Contest Game" an/ sent t)e num-er o, mur/ers -ac1 to Nic)i<Nic)i S)im-un national ne+spaper in (apan to pu-lis)& B

= 3 have never $een to Hell ) $ t there is a Hell ) it was in this city , = reporter ,or t)e 8o1yo 8imes tol/ t)e 1illing in Nanjing& 8)e capture/ or surren/ere/ .)inese sol/iers +ere all mercilessly 1ille/& (apanese inspecte/ every men in t)e city to c)ec1 ,or any sign o, )ave -een a sol/ier +it) )elmet mar1 on ,ore)ea/, calluses on )an/s or strap mar1 on s)oul/ers& All suspects regar/less +ere roun/e/ up an/ imme/iately execute/& =At one time, a,ter Nan1ing +as capture/, more t)an !#,### .)inese +ere /riven to t)e ,oot o, t)e city +all& Mac)ine guns t)en s+ept t)e cro+/ an/ grena/es +ere t)ro+n ,rom atop t)e +all& 8)e 9:)::: people were all 2ille() most of them were women) chil(ren) an( el(erly&= reporte/ 8o1yo Asa)i S)im-un correspon/ent 0os)io Moriyama on Decem-er "B, "?! & =#hose in the secon( row were force( to ( mp the severe( $o(ies into the river $efore they themselves were $ehea(e(,= 8)e (apanese military correspon/ent, 0u1io Omata, +rote, =#he 2illing went on non!stop from morning ntil night &&&&&&&&"& O1umiya Masata1e, +as a ,ormer 7mperial navy pilot an/ aut)or o, =#he Nan>ing 3nci(ent that 3 "aw=& A,ter )aving ta1en part in t)e Dec& "; -om-ing an/ sin1ing o, t)e USS Panay in t)e 0angt5e Civer, O1umiya travele/ in a c)au,,eur /riven car ,or several /ays +it) an interpreter an/ a -o/yguar/ to searc) ,or /o+ne/ (apanese aircra,t an/ t)e -o/ies an/ -elongings o, pilots 1ille/ /uring air rai/s over t)e city& =7 -elieve t)at no ot)er people +ent aroun/ insi/e an/ outsi/e t)e +alle/ city, com-ing t)e area li1e me at t)at time,= O1umiya sai/& He remem-ers a scene at Aa1e Iuan+u on Dec& ;$& =8)ere 7 sa+ numerous -o/ies in t)e la1e an/ on its s)ore& 8)ey +ere so many t)at 7 coul/ not count t)em& 8)ey +ere -ot) young an/ ol/, an/ -ot) men an/ +omen,= O1umiya tol/ 8)e (apan 8imes& =8)e .)inese +ere -oun/ +it) t)eir )an/s -e)in/ t)eir -ac1s& A-out ;# sol/iers +ere -e)ea/ing t)e .)inese +it) t)eir (apanese s+or/s, t)e $ehea(ing tas2 s ccessively ta2en over $y other gro ps of sol(iers& #he Chinese were force( to sit on the sI are so their hea(s wo l( (rop into the river&&&&& #he e,ec tion was li2e assem$ly line wor2& "ome people say that in Nan>ing) there were no organize( or systematic 2illings $y the Japanese army& 7 t what 3 saw was nothing other than organize( an( systematic 2illings&= A Decem-er "$, "?! entry to t)e /iary o, a (apanese sol/ier in t)e ;!r/ Cegiment o, t)e ":t) Division, pu-lis)e/ in 8o1yo Asa)i S)im-un on August B, "?:B: ='e ha( f n 2illing Chinese& 'e ca ght some innocent Chinese an( either $ rie( them alive) or p she( them into a fire) or $eat them to (eath with cl $s& 'hen they were half (ea( we p she( them into (itches an( $ rne( them) tort ring them to (eath& ;veryone gets his entertainment this way& 3ts li2e 2illing (ogs an( cats&= =-nce yo 've 2ille( yo r secon( or thir() yo stop thin2ing a$o t it,= 0asuji 9ane1o

B:

/escri-es )o+ )e grew n m$ to sla ghter after $ayonet (rills sing live Chinese prisoners tie/ to sta1es& = 3t was ltimately a$o t competition) how many yo 2ille( $ecomes a stan(ar( of achievement&= Anot)er intervie+e/ veteran /escri-es throwing $a$ies onto camp fires > st for la ghs& 'ormer (apanese sergeant major, Masayo @nomoto sai/ =8)ere +as a young +oman in t)e village, an/ 3 rape( her& /fter 3 (i( her) 3 2ille( her& 3t then occ rre( to me that we ha( no meat& /n( 3 co l( give the troops this meat& 3 c t her p) ta2ing the $est parts) an( fe( them to the men& 3t taste( $etter than por2&= ="ome Japanese sol(iers who were h ngry ha( 2ille( the 56 years ol( Chinese $oy an( eaten some of his meat an( sol( the rest to the merchant, an/ +e -oug)t it ,rom t)at merc)ant=, S)in5a-uro Horie sai/& 8)e ? year ol/ ,ormer (apanese sol/ier trem-le/ as )e excavate/ )is +ar memories& "3 can't forget the fact that 3 ate a h man $eing", =We s)oul/ a-solutely apologi5e to .)ina an/ 9orea,= Horie sai/ +it)out )esitation& =A-solutely&= ="ol(iers impale( $a$ies on $ayonets an( tosse( them still alive into pots of $oiling water,= Nagatomi Ha1u/o sai/ +it) /eepest remorse& Nagatomi is no+ an acupuncturist in (apan an/ )as -uilt a s)rine o, remorse in )is +aiting room& =#hey gang!rape( women from the ages of 5? to E: an( then 2ille( them when they co l( no longer satisfy se, al reI irements& 3 $ehea(e( people) starve( them to (eath) $ rne( them) an( $ rie( them alive) over two h n(re( in all& 3t is terri$le that 3 co l( t rn into an animal an( (o these things& #here are really no wor(s to e,plain what 3 was (oing& 3 was tr ly a (evil&= Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& 'e (i(n't want to leave any tro $le $ehin( &&&&&= Anot)er (apanese army veteran tol/ reporter, =No matter how yo ng or ol() none of the women we ro n(e( p co l( escape $eing Rape(& ;ach one was allocate( to 54 or ?: sol(iers for se, al interco rse an( a$ se& /fter the Rapes) "we always sta$$e( them an( 2ille( them& 7eca se (ea( $o(ies (on't tal2&= = #he women were always 2ille(& 'hen they were $eing Rape() the women were h man& 7 t once the Rape was finishe() they $ecame pig's flesh,= sai/ S)iro A5uma remosely, =We +ere taug)t t)at we were a s perior race since we live( only for the sa2e of a h man go( !! o r ;mperor& 7 t the Chinese were not& So +e )el/ not)ing -ut contempt ,or t)em&= A5uma is t)e ,irst (apanese sol/ier to pu-licly a/mit an/ apologi5e ,or +)at )e /i/& He tol/ )is story -y pu-lis)ing )is /iaries =My Nan2ing 0latoon=& He recalle/ one episo/e: =8)ere +ere a-out ! ol/ men, ol/ +omen an/ c)il/ren& We B?

capture/ t)em an/ gat)ere/ t)em in a s*uare&= =8)ere +as a +oman )ol/ing a c)il/ on )er rig)t arm&&& an/ anot)er one on )er le,t&= = 'e sta$$e( an( 2ille( them) all three ! li2e potatoes in a s2ewer=& /z ma compare( the Nan>ing Massacre to the Holoca st& = #hese two were the most inh man trage(ies ( ring the "econ( 'orl( 'ar,= sai/ A5uma& 8eruic)i U1ita, no+ " years ol/ serve/ in .)ina in t)e (apanese 1enpeitai, t)e /rea/e/ military police, sai/ in a tremulous voice, =3t was when 3 ha( two (a ghters myself) 3 starte( to realize what 3 ha( (one&= He +as capture/ -y Cussians at t)e en/ o, t)e +ar an/ sent to Si-eria& 7t +as +)en )e sa+ ,ello+ (apanese -eing 1ille/, )e sai/, t)at )e -elate/ly realize( the niversal val e of h man life& "'atching Chinese $eing 2ille() 3 ha( no emotions)" %2ita sai(& "3t was li2e a game& 7 t when 3 saw Japanese $eing e,ec te( in "i$eria for stealing things) 3 got so angry an( emotional&" Witnesse/ t)e atrocities, Reveren( John Magee use/ )is camera an/ recor/e/ t)e Massacre in a "%mm ,ilm& 7t is -elieve/ to -e t)e only /ocumentary a-out t)is in,amous massacre& He +as an @piscopal pastor in c)arge o, t)e so<calle/ Nan>ing 3nternational "afety None create/ +)en (apanese army capture/ Nanjing in "?! & /ngry at the Japanese atrocities) German (iplomat Mr& Georg Rosen sent a copy of Magee's film to the Nazi government& He also incl (e( a ?::!page long report which claime( that the whole Japanese army was a "Violent Killing Machine"& 3n it) he reI este( that the film $e shown to Hitler& .)inese an/ (apanese sc)olars +ere a+are o, t)e ,ilm -ut +ere una-le to locate it& (apanese t)en sai/ t)at since t)ere +as no proo,, t)e Nanjing Massacre never occurre/& 7n "??#, +)en t)e Derman Arc)ive at 6ots/am +as opene/ a,ter collapsing o, t)e 6erlin Wall, t)e Deorg Cosen2s ;##<page report sur,ace/& / New 1or2 gro p place( an a(vertisement in the New 1or2 #imes regar(ing #he Nan>ing Massacre& George .itch's (a ghter) ;(ith .itch "wapp contacte( the /lliance in Memory o, Gictims o, t)e Nanjing Massacre 3AMGNM4 +it) 'itc)2s version o, t)e Magee ,ootage& 8)e group also locate/ (o)n Magee2s "% mm version in t)e )ome o, )is son Davi/ Magee& 8)e B rolls o, t)e ,ilm an/ t)e /iaries +ere also ,oun/ in 1ale %niversity <i$rary& Many museums an/ in/ivi/uals )a/ o,,ere/ to -uy t)e ,ilm -ut +ere all turne/ /o+ne/& 6ot) t)e ,ilm an/ camera +ere /onate/ to t)e Memorial Hall o, Nanjing Massacre Gictims& 8)e c)urc) in Iiaguan District in Nanjing +)ere Magee preac)e/ -ecame a secon/ary sc)ool li-rary& 7t )as -een rename/ to John Magee <i$rary&

$#

Accor/ing to Magee2s /airy, )e coul/ only recor/ a very small part o, +)at )e +itnesse/ since )e +as too -usy to save lives& =W)at people see )ere, )o+ever, are all )istory an/ trut),= sai/ K)u .)engs)an, curator o, Memorial Hall o, t)e Gictims in Nanjing Massacre& =No /irector an/ actor, no matter )o+ talente/ t)ey mig)t -e, can ma1e suc) tangi-le pro/ucts& An/ this is only a glimpse of History&=& =My team +oul/ 1ill ;## people a /ay& W)en +e capture/ too many people an/ )a/ no time to 1ill t)em all, +e +oul/ sen/ t)em to ot)er teams,= rea/s in a /iary /onate/ -y a (apanese sol/ier& =8)ey all came ,rom participants o, t)e massacre an/ are tangi-le evi/ence& Nothing can $etter testify the Japanese atrocity than the a(mission $y the sla ghterers themselves&= sai/ t)e curator& John H& Ra$e, top representative o, Siemens company, +as also t)e c)airman o, 3nternational "afety None 3!&! s*uare miles4, recor/e/ t)is unspea1a-le (apanese atrocities in )is ;,"" pages Diary o, War& Ai1e Os1ar Sc)in/ler, t)e Derman in/ustrialist +)o protecte/ (e+s, Mr& Ca-e an/ ,e+ ot)er +estern ,oreigners ris1e/ t)eir li,e an/ )elpe/ to save ;$#,### .)inese re,ugees ,rom -eing 1ille/& Co-e also personally s)eltere/ %## re,ugees in )is o+n )ome& .)inese calle/ )im = #he <iving 7 ((ha of Nan2ing= , +)ic) is really high praise in Chinese c lt re,= sai/ Huang Huiying +)o )as +ritten a -iograp)y o, Ca-e& 9)::: Chinese women from Jinling 'omen's %niversity 2nelt $y the roa(si(e in gratit (e +)en Ca-e +as ,inally ,orce/ to leave t)e city early in "?!:& A,ter returning to 6erlin, Ca-e gave lectures a-out t)e massacre an/ trie/ to get Hitler to intervene& He +as arreste/ an/ interrogate/ -y t)e Destapo ,or ! /ays an/ tol/ to s)ut up& He +as /e<Na5i,ie/ a,ter t)e +ar& W)en t)e people o, Nanjing learne/ t)at )e +as near starvation in post+ar 6erlin, t)ey imme/iately collecte/ e*uivalent US N;,### in "?B: an/ t)e city mayor o, Nan1ing even ,le+ to S+it5erlan/ to (eliver money an( foo( to Mr& Ra$e& 8)ey 1ept sen/ing ,oo/ every mont) until .)ina ,ell to communists in "?B?& He /ie/ o, a stro1e in "?$#& "chin(ler of Nan>ing& "tory of John Ra$e is to $e ma(e into a Hollywoo( movie& Ca-e2s )ouse, +it) support ,rom )is ,ormer employer Siemens, +ill -e turne/ into a memorial& As t)e lea/er o, local Na5i Party an/ "afety None .)airman in Nanjing, Ca-e +rote a letter to Hitler a$o t the Japanese 'ar Crimes an( as2e( Hitler to pers a(e Japan to stop the atrocities& On Dec& ";, "??%, Ursula Cein)ar/t, )is gran//aug)ter ,rom 6erlin, s)o+e/ t)e : volumes o, $"

/iary t)e very ,irst time to t)e pu-lic in Ne+ 0or1& 7t +as 7ris .)ang +it) Nightmare in Nan2ing, aut)or o, t)e "Rape of Nan2ing ! #he .orgotten Holoca st of ''33, -roug)t t)e attention o, t)e +)ole +orl/ to t)is /iary& 8)e @nglis) version o, )is /iaries o, +ar, is availa-le #he Goo( Man of Nan2ing ! #he *iaries of John Ra$e 7n April "?? , Mr& Ca-e2s tom-stone +as move/ ,rom 6erlin an/ reste/ in t)e Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nan>ing Massacre, Nanjing, .)ina& =8)is escapa/es +ere *uite /angerous,= Mr& Ca-e +rote in )is /iary& =8)e (apanese )a/ pistols an/ -ayonets an/ 7 << as mentione/ -e,ore << )a/ only party sym-ols an/ my S+asti1a arm-an/&= He also +rote a-out t)e retreating .)inese troops, =7 t)en )a/ a )umanitarian impulse t)at 3 later came to regret &&&& 7 a/vise t)em t)at t)ey s)oul/ /rop t)eir +eapons an/ let me ta1e t)em to t)e -arrac1s in t)e safety zone &&&& 7 )ope t)ese /isarme/ troops +oul/ ,ace no +orse ,ate t)an -eing ta1en prisoner -y t)e (apanese &&&& every one of these (isarme( troops) an( tho san(s more later see2ing ref ge in the safety zone were single( o t &&&& an( imme(iately ta2en to $e e,ec te(& #ho san(s an( tho san(s were e,ec te( $y machine g n fire or han( grena(es &&&&&&&&" =During t)eir mis/ee/s, no /i,,erence +as ma/e -et+een a/ults an/ c)il/ren& #here were girls n(er the age of E an( women over the age of 8: who were Rape( an( then) in the most $r tal way possi$le) 2noc2e( (own an( $eat p& 'e fo n( corpses of women on $eer glasses an( others who ha( $een lance( $y $am$oo shoots& 7 sa+ t)e victims +it) my o+n eyes &&&&&&= 7n anot)er letter to )is +i,e, Dec& "?: = 3 never (reame( that the Japanese sol(iers were s ch savages& 3t has $een a wee2 of m r(er an( rape) worse) 3 imagine) than has happene( for a very long time &&&&& 8)ey not only 1ille/ every prisoner t)ey coul/ ,in/ -ut also a vast num-er o, or/inary citi5ens o, all ages&&&&&= George /& .itch +as t)e )ea/ o, t)e 0M.A, /irector o, "afety None an/ acting Mayor in Nanjing /uring +ar& He )a/ also sm ggle( o t part of the Magee's film $y sewing E reels into the lining of his camel's!hair great!coat an/ travelle/ t)roug)out US to give )is +itness speec)es a-out t)e )orri,ic Nanjing Massacre& He +rote, = #hey were so terri$le that they ha( to $e seen to $e $elieve( &&&&& Miss Murial Aester, o, t)e 'ello+s)ip o, Ceconciliation 36ritis)4 )appene/ to see one o, t)e s)o+ings an/ expresse/ t)e t)oug)t t)at i, some o, t)e .)ristian an/ political lea/ers in (apan coul/ see t)e ,ilm t)ey +oul/ +or1 ,or an imme/iate cessation o, )ostilities& "he offere( to go to Japan an( show it there to selecte( gro ps if we wo l( s pply her with a copy &&&&&&=

$;

=start a spea1ing trip +)ic) +as to last until my return to .)ina& 3 se( the films only rarely) for some of my frien(s tho ght they were too ghastly) an( sometimes they ma(e people ill &&&&& = 7n )is -oo1 =My ;ighty 1ears in China=, )e +rote on Dec& ;B, "?! t)e ,ollo+ing /iary entry: =6ut to )ave to stan/ -y +)ile even t)e very poor are )aving t)eir last possessions ta1en ,rom t)em < t)eir last coin, t)eir last -it o, -e//ing 3an/ it is ,ree5ing +eat)er4, t)e poor ric1s)a man )is ric1s)aE +)ile tho san(s of (isarme( sol(iers who ha( so ght sact ary with yo ) together with many h n(re(s of innocent civilians are ta2en o t $efore yo r eyes to $e shot) or se( for $ayonet practice) an( to listen to the so n( of the g ns that are 2illing themL to have over a tho san( women 2neel $efore yo crying hysterically) $egging yo to save them from the $easts who are preying on them &&&&&&&&= "#o commit acts of n$elieva$le $r tality an( savagery on the very people they have come to protect an( $efrien() as they have so lo (ly proclaime( to the worl(& 3n all mo(ern history s rely there is no page that will stan( so $lac2 as that of the Rape of Nan>ing &&&&&&&&= Minnie Va trin, +as an American missionary ,rom a little to+n o, Mic)igan& S)e )elpe/ ,oun/ Dinling .ollege in Nanjing& As /ean o, stu/ies at Dinling .ollege, s)e s)iel/e/ t)e /esperate .)inese +)o soug)t asylum -e)in/ t)e gates o, t)e college& 7n uns+erving /e,iance o, t)e (apanese, she t rne( Ginling into a sanct ary for 5:)::: women an( girls, +)o )onore/ )er as t)eir =Go((ess of Mercy=, a =<iving Go((ess=& =Ho+ many t)ousan/s +ere mo+e/ /o+n -y guns or -ayonete/ +e s)all pro-a-ly never 1no+,= +rote Gautrin in )er /iary, =.or in many cases oil was thrown over their $o(ies an( then they were $ rne(&= =#here pro$a$ly is no crime that has not $een committe( in this city to(ay& #hirty girls were ta2en from lang age school last night) an( to(ay 3 have hear( scores of heart$rea2ing stories of girls who were ta2en from their homes last night !! one of the girls was $ t 5? years ol(& .oo() $e((ing an( money have $een ta2en from people& &&& 3 s spect every ho se in the city has $een opene() again an( yet again) an( ro$$e( &&&&&&= W)en t)e (apanese sol/iers or/ere/ Minnie to leave t)e campus, s)e replie/: =8)is is my )ome& 7 cannot leave&= S)e spent ;" years o, invalua-le service as teac)er, e/ucation /epartment c)air an/ acting presi/ent o, Dinling& Minnie save( tho san(s of Chinese thro gh heroic acts $ t $ecoming too tra matize( to save her own life& S)e su,,ere/ a nervous -rea1/o+n in "?B# an/ returne/ to t)e US& S)e committe/ suici/e in "?B"& Her tom-stone -ears t)e +or/s =Ginling .orever=& A -ron5e monument to Gautrin +as $!

esta-lis)e/ at Dinling college in ;##;& 7n 7llinois, Doverner Co/ 6lagojevic) )as /eclare/ Sept& ; , =Minnie Va trin *ay=& A -oo1 -ase/ on )er /iary, maintaine/ /uring t)e entire siege, correspon/ences, eye+itness, government /ocuments, an/ intervie+s +it) Gautrin2s ,amily is availa-le /merican Go((ess at the Rape of Nan2ing@ #he Co rage of Minnie Va trin& One o, t)e ; Westerners +)o courageously electe/ to remain in t)e city t)roug)out t)e violent siege +as *r& Ro$ert 'ilson) the only s rgeon in town to save the m tilate( women) men an( chil(ren& Dr& Wilson +or1e/ tirelessly patc)ing up seemingly )opelessly mutilate/ -o/ies as ,ast as )e coul/& Dr& Co-ert Wilson in )is ,amily letter /escri-e/ Nanjing as t)e: =Mo(ern *ante's 3nferno) written in h ge letters with $loo( an( rape& M r(er $y the wholesale an( rape $y the tho san(s of cases& 8)ere seems to -e no stop to t)e ,erocity, lust an/ atavism o, t)e -rutes&&&& sta,, mem-ers o, t)e university +as -ro1en into an/ t+o o, t)e +omen, )is relatives, +ere rape/& #wo girls a$o t 54 were rape( to (eath in one of the ref gee camps&&&& #hey $ayonete( one little $oy) 2illing him, an/ 7 spent an )our an/ a )al, t)is morning patc)ing up another little $oy of eight who ha( five $ayonet wo n(s inclu/ing one t)at penetrate/ )is stomac), a portion o, omentum +as outsi/e t)e a-/omen&&&&= 7n anot)er )is =.amily <etters= : =#his is the shortest (ay in the year $ t it still contains twenty!fo r ho rs of this hell on earth&&&&& H ge fires are set in every $ siness section& - r $ nch has act ally seen them set the fires in several instances& 1ester(ay $efore going home to s pper 3 co nte( twelve fires& #onight at the same time 3 co nte( eight& "everal of them incl (e whole $loc2s of $ il(ings& Most of the shops of o r vicinity have $een $ rne( &&&&& #he tho san( were marche( to the $an2s of the 1angtze) line( p two (eep an( then machine! g nne(&&&&& /s we have seen a goo( many similar ro n(! ps in this part of the city with no ret rns&&&&&= James McCall m +rote in )is 'amily Aetter : =Never have 3 hear( or rea( of s ch $r tality& Rape@ Rape@ Rape@ 'e estimate at least 5)::: cases a night an( many $y (ay& 7n case o, resistance or anyt)ing t)at seems li1e /isapproval t)ere is a -ayonet sta- or a -ullet& We coul/ +rite up )un/re/s o, cases a /ay&&&&= Anot)er /iary -y 0a l "charffen$erg) a German (iplomat in Nanjing at t)e time con,irme/ t)at =#he Japanese impose( a news $lac2o t an( restricte( foreign (iplomats' movements in the city" to conceal their Crimes ,rom t)e international community, t)e /iary /iscloses& 8)ere,ore, t)e 'estern witnesses) (iaries) newspapers co l( only recor( a small portion

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of the act al scope an( magnit (e of the atrocio s Crimes that ha( act ally $een committe( $y the Japan in Nanjing& Case "t (y@ #he Nan>ing Massacre) 5A98!9E& Arnol/ 6rac1man, a reporter at t)e #o2yo #rial an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1 #he -ther N rem$erg, commente/ = 8)e Nanjing Massacre +as not t)e 1in/ o, isolate/ inci/ent common to +ars& 3t was (eli$erate& 3t was policy& 3t was 2nown in #o2yo&=

=3n terms of meas res an( cr elty of the genoci(e) its ( ration an( large n m$ers of people 2ille(,= says pro,essor Wu o, )istory o, Sout)ern 7llinois University =Neither Hiroshima nor Jewish Holoca st can rival the Nan>ing Massacre&=

(apanese invente/ Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port

=#he manner in which these victims met their (eath was e,tremely cr el with atrocities of s ch great magnit (e an( (iversities) so ghastly that it ma(e Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$er an( the ? /tomic 7om$s appear very H mane&=

3n fact) mass m r(er was carrie( o t systematically $y the Japan long $efore the first Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$ers were even $ ilt& Accor/ing to eye<+itness account in Nanjing Historical Arc)ives, =A Cecor/ o, t)e Misera-le .on/itions in @nemy Occupie/ Areas,= Gol& G, ='irst, t)e (apanese /ouse/ t)e people +it) gasoline an/ t)en t)ey opene/ ,ire on t)e cro+/ +it) mac)ine guns& 'hen the $ llets hit their $o(ies) the gasoline ca ght fire& #he ref gees' $ rning $o(ies I ivere( from hea( to toe ca sing the whole scene to flic2er from the light of the gasoline fires on their $o(ies& #he Japanese sol(iers stoo( $y la ghing hysterically&= 7n "?! , .)ang K)i*iang, "# years ol/, +atc)e/ )is ,at)er an/ ot)er a-le<-o/ie/ men ,orm a H man wall in an attempt to 2eep Japanese sol(iers from getting close to their el(ers) women an( chil(ren& He sa+ his mother $ayonete( twice in an attempt to protect her 6 chil(ren) an( watche( his ? yo nger $rothers s ffer a similar (eath& His ?!year!ol( yo ngest $rother froze to (eath over the (ea( $o(y of his mother) an( his el(er sister (ie( after $eing Rape( an( $ayonete(& Ai1e many ot)er survivors, Mr& .)ang rarely spea1s o, t)e massacre, not even to )is c)il/ren an/ gran/c)il/ren& =7 cannot -ear to t)in1 o, it,= an/ silently +eeps& Mr& .)ang )a/ never -een to t)e Memorial Hall& On ; occasions )e got as ,ar as t)e entrance, -ut +as over+)elme/ +it) suc) sorro+ t)at )e )a/ to turn a+ay&

$$

8)en, in "?? )e sa+ on 8G t)at t)e rig)t<+ing (apanese +ere /enying t)e Nanjing Massacre& Anger motivate/ )im to +rite /o+n exactly +)at )e sa+ an/ experience/& He starte( to vol nteer as g i(e for the Memorial Hall& =/t the $eginning) hatre( an( pain wo l( swell in my heart when 3 saw Japanese visitors& /fter they listene( to my acco nt of what happene() they > st $ro2e (own an( crie(& "ome 2nelt $efore me an( some $owe(& At ,irst 7 +as ta1en a-ac1 an/ ,elt uneasy& Dra/ually, as my )atre/ e--e/, 7 +as a-le to ,ace t)em +it) an ease/ )eart&= Iia S)u<*in, a survivor an/ +as <year ol/, recalle/ =7t +as a-out ten in t)e morning +)en a /o5en (apanese +it) ri,les an/ ,ixe/ -ayonets rus)e/ into t)e )ouse& #hey shot my father an( gra$$e( my $a$y sister) $eing $reast!fe( $y my mother& #hey $ayonete( the $a$y an( strippe( my mother an( rape( her& #hen the Japanese 2ille( my gran(parents an( (ragge( two of my sisters o t an( rape( them& #hen they sta$$e( me an( my 9!year ol( sister with $ayonets& 3 saw $oth of my ol(er sisters lying in pools of $loo() (ea(&=

Accor/ing to t)e recor/, a-out ;&! million (apanese sol/iers +ere 1ille/ in WW77, o, +)ic) /$o t 5 Million Japanese sol(iers) i&e& appro,& 4: F of Japanese sol(iers (ie( in ''33) were annihilate( in China& 8)ose -attles in .)ina +ere no less, in ,act, +ere more ,ierce an/ -rutal t)an t)e 7attle of "aipan , 7attle of 3wo Jima , or 7attle of -2inawa in t)e "B years WW77 +it) unspea1a-le atrocious (apan& During t)e +ar, (apanese ,orces +ere -ogge/ /o+n /eep in .)ina an/ +ere una-le ,or =Northwar( /(vance= to attac1 Soviet Union& So (apan turne/ aroun/ ,or ="o thwar( /(vance= instea/& Ho+ever, t)e .)inese resistance also ma/e (apan una-le to concentrate )uge groun/ ,orces ,or =Sout)+ar/ A/vance= an/ e,,ectively occupy t)e regions& .)inese army pinne/ /o+n (apanese in .)ina, an/ save/ valua-le time ,or allie/ ,orces in @urope t)at )elpe/ prevent a Japanese attac2 on the "oviet %nion an( the possi$le convergence of the two strongest fascist co ntries in t)e Mi//le @ast& =#hat is the main reason why Japan (i( N-# respon( the (eman(s of Germany to attac2 the "oviet %nion or inva(e 7ritish troops in "o theast /sia,= 'itho t Chinese resistance) it wo l( have $een almost impossi$le to implement the '; rope .irst' strategy&= %" 0resi(ent Roosevelt sai(@ 3f there were no China) or if China were (efeate(, t)e (apanese army coul/ )ave occupie/ Australia an/ a/vance/ to+ar/ 7n/ia an/ c)arge/ all t)e

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+ay to t)e Mi//le @ast an/ t)en joine/ ,orces +it) Hitler to isolate Soviet Union, the conseI ence wo l( $e nimagina$le& 7t is estimate/ t)at China's loss ( e to Japan's 5G years atrocio s (estr ction comes to many H n(re(s of 7illions %" H& #he total loss co l( $e #rillion %" H i, t)e interest, /irect an/ in/irect monetary an/ properties, environmental an/ ecosystem /amages, loote/ +ealt), cultural assets, natural resources, an/ ot)er tangi-le or intangi-le losses +ere inclu/e/, an/ t)e 94 Million Chinese cas alties -y (apanese in/iscriminate 1illing, starvation an/ various /iseases& Not to mention many More Millions of Korean) 3n(onesian) Vietnamese) .ilippino) Malaysia) 7 rma) #hailan() "ingapore &&&&&&&&&& 8)e Chinese National /nthem +as +ritten in "?!$ +it) lyrics -y t)e note/ poet 8ian Han an/ music -y t)e ,amous composer Nie @r& 8)e original name o, t)e song +as =Sons an/ Daug)ters in a 8ime o, Storm=, as a t)eme song ,or t)e ,ilm =Marc) o, t)e Golunteers=& 8)e ,ilm tells t)e story o, t)ose +)o +ent to t)e ,ront to ,ig)t t)e (apanese inva/ers in nort)east .)ina in t)e "?!#s +)en t)e ,ate o, .)ina +as )anging in t)e -alance& #he song inspire( the whole China to (efeat the atrocio s Japanese inva(ers an( $ecame the provisional Chinese National /nthem in 5AGA) an( officially in 5AE?& Having gaine/ control over "ingapore on 'e-& "$, "?B;, (apanese Deneral 8omoyu1i 0amas)ita or/ere/ to ro n( p all ethnic Chinese "ingaporan males $etween the ages of 5E to 4:& 3t was a systematic e,termination policy to i/enti,y an/ eliminate all Anti< (apanese et)nic .)inese Singaporans, in particular t)e et)nic .)inese Singaporans guerilla< volunteers +)o )a/ ,oug)t courageously +)en t)e (apan inva/e/ Singapore& (apan set up /esignate/ =screening centers= all over Singapore& /rea/e/ Japanese Kempeitai, sent t)ose anti<(apanese et)nic .)inese Singaporans to remote sites e&g& .)angi, Punggol, 6la1ang Mati an/ 6e/o1 to -e execute/& 8)e victims +ere thrown over$oar( into sea or machine!g nne( to (eath at low ti(e so that water wo l( come in an( wash away (ea( $o(ies at high ti(e to conceal Japanese Crimes& 7t is 1no+n as t)e ="oo2 Ching Massacre=& 7t +as reporte/ in t)e (apan @ast Asia Annual pu-lis)e/ in "?B;, t)at over 8:)::: "ingapore civilians) mainly ethnic Chinese "ingaporans were 2ille( -y (apanese& Singapore .ivilian War Memorial also 1no+n as =Chopstic2s= +as -uilt an/ /e/icate/ in "?% -y t)en Singapore Premier Aee 9+onyu& #he memorial is $ ilt on one of the Mass Graves o, t)e "oo2 Ching Massacre in t)e Siglap area& 8)is systematic extermination +as later exten/e/ to Malaya, particularly in Penang& /nother G:)::: Malaya civilians) mainly ethnic Chinese Malayans were 2ille( $y the (rea(e( Japanese Kempeitai in t)e continuation o, t)e Singapore2s "oo2 Ching Massacre&

7n Manila) .ilipine, t)e capture/ (apanese /ocuments con,irme/ t)at t)e Japanese wholesale atrocities on Civilians in Manila were Japanese -fficial -r(ers& 7n one (apanese message -oo1 containe/ t)e ,ollo+ing or/er issue/ to t)e 9o-ayas)i group, t)en insi/e t)e +alle/ 7ntramuros, on 'e-& "!: =/ll people on the $attlefiel( with the e,ception of Japanese military personnel) Japanese civilians an( special constr ction nits will $e p t to (eath&= 8)ere +ere also some G i(elines for the Japanese Killing -r(er to conceal Crimes @ =W)en 'ilipinos are to -e 1ille/, t)ey must -e gat)ere/ into one place an/ -e /ispose/ o, +it) t)e consi/eration t)at ammunition an/ manpo+er must not -e use/ to excess& 6ecause t)e /isposal o, /ea/ -o/ies is a trou-lesome tas1, they sho l( $e gathere( into ho ses which are sche( le( to $e $ rne( or (emolishe(& #hey sho l( also $e thrown into the river&= .ol& (&D& 're/eric1, comman/er o, t)e ";?t) 7n,antry o, t)e ! t) Division also ,ile/ a s+orn report t)at at 'ort Santiago insi/e t)e 7ntramuros, )e ,oun/ a /ungeon<li1e room, t)e /ecomposing -o/ies spra+le/ aroun/ +ere civilians most starve/ to /eat), some o, t)em su,,ocate/& !# -o/ies +ere spra+le/ aroun/ t)e steel /oors trying to open t)e /oors& 8)e 7attle for Manila laste/ only ?E (ays& However) estimate( 5::)::: .ilipine civilians were massacre( -y t)e (apanese& 7n G am, (apanese too1 everyt)ing ,rom )is ,amily except t)e clot)es on t)eir -ac1s& =1o treat an animal $etter than s,= sai/ Sinajana resi/ent 7gnacio San Nicolas, !, +)o +as ? years ol/ +)en t)e (apanese occupie/ Duam, sai/ )e an/ ot)er c)il/ren +ere ,orce/ to +atc) as t)e (apanese -e)ea/e/ ! people in Mangilao& =#hey p t a $ig fear on all of s) that yo have to (o what they want yo to (o) or yo 're (ea(&= 7n a +ritten statement, (uanita .ru5, a native of the Mariana 3slan(s witnesse( Japanese atrocities in G am& Givi/ly tol/ o, )o+ s)e at :, +as una-le to )elp )er mot)er +)ile s)e +as repeate/ly rape/ -y (apanese sol/iers, an/ )o+ s)e at "#, +atc)e/ )er $ years ol/ young -rot)er /ie as a (apanese sol/ier cut )is tongue o,,& All aroun/ )er, people +ere -eing -eaten, -e)ea/e/ or gunne/ /o+n +it) mac)ine guns, s)e sai/ at a ,orum in 8o1yo& 7t s)oul/ -e o, no surprise t)at many similar Japanese atrocities occ rre( elsewhere tho gho t the "o th ;ast /sia&

(apan2s O,,icial extreme State<8errorism < W)y FFF

/ltho gh Japanese Government ha( systemically (estroye( most of its war (oc ments to conceal its "tate!#errorism with significant help from the %&"& to cover! p Japanese #errorism) researchers have now she( more light on the .orgotten /sian Holoca st& "ome I estions) however) will never $e answere(& J st as the s rvivor of the Jewish $:

Holoca st) /rno < stiger with prisoner n m$er /44A? remains tattooe( on his arm) his telephone n m$er < stiger once tol( his c rio s (a ghter) sai() " #he more 3 have learne( a$o t this episo(e) the less 3 n(erstan( it &= 8a1esato Watana-e, pro,essor o, me/ia et)ics at Dos)is)a University in 9yoto an/ visiting sc)olar at Harvar/ University, one o, aut)ors o, -oo1 title/ =/ 0 $lic 7etraye(= lists some o, t)e ,ollo+ing reasons ,or (apanese extreme -rutalities, similar conclusion +as also reac)e/ -y 7ris .)ang in )er -est selling -oo1 =Rape of Nan2ing ! #he .orgotten Holoca st= :

"& Racial 0re> (ice : e&g& in t)e (an& "?B; issue o, 7 ngei "h n> , one o, (apan2s most popular mont)ly maga5ine, article = ;sta$lishing a Japanese Racial 'orl(view= explaine/ t)e (apanese concept o, "0roper 0lace" an( state( that the Japanese is "the most s perior race in the worl(=& ;& " $!H man View : Aong -e,ore t)e +ar, (apanese militaristic government )a/ alrea/y extensively -rain< +as)e/ -ot) t)e civilians an/ sol/iers& (apanese -rain<+as) +as so success,ul t)at most (apanese +ere $rain!washe( into $elieving that other /sian were act ally " $!H man& !& *istorte( C lt ral " periority : Most (apanese )a/ an e,tremely naive an( completely (istorte( c lt ral view of " periority +)ic) playe/ a ,oun/amental role in most (apanese attitu/e an/ -e)aviour& 8)e /istorte/ vie+ -rain<+as)e/ (apanese into committing t)ese extremely atrocious .rimes un<prece/ente/ in mo/ern History& B& Holy 'ar : Most (apanese )a/ -een t)oroug)ly -rain<+as)e/ -y t)e (apanese militaristic government an/ -lin/ly -elieve/ t)at t)e "B years o, in<)uman -rutality +as a Holy 'ar in t)e name o, t)e Do/<li1e @mperor Hiro)ito& @ven to/ay, t)e 5):6E 'ar Criminals incl (ing the 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals secretly enshrine( in 5A8E, are calle/ ="howa Martyrs= -y t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine& 7n ;##$, +artime @mporer Hirohito's $irth(ay is honore( as ""howa *ay") a National holi(ay to e,plicitly glorify Japan's 5G years /sian Holoca st) eI ivalent to ma2ing Hitler's $irth(ay a National holi(ay in Germany& 8o t)e rest o, +orl/, it is an issue as clear as t)e ;mperor's new clothes& 7ronically, t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& 7n "???, (apan2s parliament ens)rine/ t)e notorio s militaristic Hinomar CRising " nD flag an( the notorio s imperial hymn Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD as $?

Japan's national flag an( anthem& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, a (apanese )ig) sc)ool teac)er sai/: = 3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi "wasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it&= 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e (apanese notorio s militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ? ;nglish versions title( @ "Kiss Me" , an/ "Kiss Me Girl" , urge people to remem-er (apan2s +ar crimes inclu/ing Nan>ing Massacre an/ "e, "laves& $& 7rain!'ashing ;( cation : @xtremely success,ul e/ucation programs o, -rain<+as)ing implemente/ -y t)e (apan2s militaristic government t)roug) /istorte/ e/ucation in t)e sc)ools, me/ia an/ militaries& 7t is calle/ as t)e =Japanese Me(ia /trocities= o, /eceptions, lies, an/ a-uses o, me/ia po+er in (apan -y t)e -oo1 =/ 0 $lic 7etraye(=& 8)e e/ucation +as so success,ul t)at even to/ay (apanese current PM 9oi5umi ignores t)e victimi5e/ Asian countries an/ )as pai/ tri-ute to t)ese War .riminals in 1as 2 ni "hrine t)e 6th time as PM, an/ )is ,irst on "$ Aug ;##%, t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as prime minister& Koiz mi's (angero s game& 3t's as tho gh Germany Chancellor went to a Nazi shrine an( pai( tri$ te to Hitler) an( Goe$$els) an( Gestapo an/ telling t)e +orl/ it2s just ,or peace& 8)e ; can/i/ates to -ecome (apanese next prime minister "hinzo /$e an( #aro /so also ref se to halt war "hrine visits& 8)ey gave t)eir reason in .e$ ?::6 in Ao+er House -u/get committee meeting t)at Japanese Class!/ 'ar Criminals are not criminals accor(ing to Japanese stan(ar(s& (apanese current ,oreign minister 8aro Aso, whose family's /so Mining Company ha( enslave( tho san(s of Koreans an( 0o's as "laves, even proclaime/ in -ct ?::4 t)at (apan is =one nation) one civilization) one lang age) one c lt re) an( one race) the li2e of which there is no other on earth&= completely ignore( the tr e Japanese) i&e& /in of Ho22ai(o the a$original) an( the -2inawan of <i Ii 3slan(s CRy 2y 3slan(sD & 7oth have their own origin) c lt re an( lang ages& 7n ,act, t)e ant)ropologists an/ arc)eologists )ave confirme( that the mo(ern Japanese came I ite late from the mainlan( /sia to Japan ) only aro n( G:: 7&C&) an( that is really a very shallow root & *N/ research has confirme( Japanese are act ally close genetic 2in to $oth Chinese an( Korean& =Arc)aeology )as ma/e a lot o, progress,= sai/ Hisao 6a-a, curator o, ant)ropology at t)e National Science Museum in 8o1yo, =-ut politics has ma(e it (iffic lt for the Japanese general p $lic to ta2e a critical loo2 at their own past&= %& <oyalty of "t pi(ity : Japanese 7 shi(o for the sam rai ) i&e& the a$sol te o$e(ience) loyalty) an( even (ie for the ;mperor, +as actually in)erite/ ,rom t)e .)inese @mperor culture& Ho+ever, in .)ina, t)is 1in/ o, a-solute o-e/ience an/ loyalty )a/ alrea/y long -een %#

recogni5e/ an/ con(emne( as the "<oyalty of "t pi(ity" if t)e @mperor +ere not ,ollo+ing t)e "Ren " an( "1i " which are the most important "*e " champione( $y the Chinese sage Conf ci s& 7nstea/, (apan vigorously promote/ t)e extreme suici/al /eat) as t+iste/ samurai )onor an/ to preserve t)e @mperor, e&g& -2inawan's Gro p " ici(es , " ici(e Cliff , Kets go , an/ Kami2aze& & 3ncomplete Conf cian C lt re : (apan is consi/ere/ -y many as a Conf cian country /ue to its Conf cian in)eritance ,rom .)ina& Ho+ever, vie+ing t)roug) t)e History, it seems t)at (apanese )a/ only selectively copie/ t)e .)inese Conf cian culture an/ intentionally (iscar(e( anything that might ero(e the a$sol te power of the Go(!li2e ;mperor) s ch as "Ren " an( "1i " which are the most important "*e " of the Conf ci s teachings& 8)is coul/ explain +)y t)e (apanese Dovernment an/ most o, t)e (apanese sol/iers committing t)e extreme crimes, inventing Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port /i/ not ,eel any guilt /uring its "B years WMD Asia invasion at t)at time, many even to t)is /ay& 7nstea/, t)ey enjoye/ very muc) t)e -rutal ,un an/ atrocious pleasure& (apanese ne+ Prince Hisa)ito is t)e ,irst )eir recently -orn to monarc)y in nearly B" years& His name, a,ter cons lting with e,perts in $oth Chinese an( Japanese classic literat re) ses the Chinese characters ,or =virtuous, calm an/ everlasting=& 9eeping +it) custom, Hisa)ito2s name en/s +it) t)e .)inese c)aracter =hito= +)ic) means virtuous person, similar to current emperor, A1i)ito , an/ )is ,at)er, Hiro)ito & Un,ortunately, in reality, +e 1no+ t)at it +as exactly t)is .)inese c)aracter =hito= , i&e& =Ren " the most important Conf cian virt e, t)at +as completely trample/ -y (apan /uring its "B years unspea1a-le WMD -rutalities against Humanity& :& <ong 7r tal 0ast : History )as +itnesse/ t)at Japan has a long history of e,treme atrocities against its neigh$o rs a,ter its Mei>i Restoration& @xtreme -rutalities +ere al+ays use/ -y t)e (apanese to con*uer& Starting +it) t)e -2inawan of the <i Ii 3slan(s CRy 2y 3slan(sD in 5E8A , Massacre of < sh n 0ort C0ort /rth rD in 5EAG , $r tal /nne,ation of Korea in 5A5: & Jinan Massacre in 5A?E & 8)ese early atrocities +ere only ,e+ precursor o, t)e later extreme State<8errorism o, its "B years o, Asia WMD invasion o, WW77& ?& -fficial Revenge : =#a2e No 0risoners" was the -fficial Revenge Military 0olicy ,or t)e un<expecte/ (apan2s )uge loss& 8)is o,,icial revenge policy +as also a/opte/ purposely in or/er to save (apanese lots o, military resources an/ manpo+er nee/e/ to manage, s)elter, an/ ,ee/ t)e .)inese PoWs& "#& No " pply <ines :

%"

(apan e,plicitly or(ere( its sol(iers to loot for foo( an( other s pplies from the locals) so that no nee( to set p m ch s pply lines& W)en (apanese +ere not a-le to loot any ,oo/ ,rom t)e .)inese /ue to t)eir extreme poverty, Japanese h ngry sol(iers simply 2ille( the Chinese an( coo2e( h man flesh an( organs as their foo( so rce& Sol/iers +ere sent out on Month!long missions with only ? (ays' rations) h ngry Japanese sol(iers scavenge( an( some were re( ce( to eating the flesh of m r(ere( Chinese& ""& 7r tal /rmy #rainning : @xtraor/inarily strict an/ -rutal nature o, t)e (apanese military le/ to a trans,er o, aggression to+ar/ .)inese civilian& 0os)io Su5u1i, ,ormer sergeant major recalle/, =3n training) we were force( to engage in act al charges in or(er to 2ill live h mans &&&&& 8)ere +ere ! men tie/ to sta1es, all rea/y ,or us &&&&& 3'( never 2ille( anyone $efore& "till) if 3 was cl msy at it) it wo l( affect my whole military career& "o 3 showe( no mercy or leniency&= ";& 0eer 0ress re : (apanese +ar veterans +)o +oul/ o,ten -eat an/ )umiliate ne+ (apanese army recruits, calle( them cowar(ly if they (i( not participate in the atrocio s crimes& 'ormer army corporal 0asuji 9ane1o sai/, =3t was ltimately a$o t competition& How many yo 2ille( $ecomes a stan(ar( of achievement&= =7ayoneting a woman (oesn't e,actly feel goo(& 3f yo (i(n't) yo were calle( a cowar( an( never got promote(& 3 completely lost my h manity,= recounte/ a ,ormer (apanese sol/ier& "!& ;,tract 3nformation = Recr it #raitors : Vario s $r talities an( atrocities serve( as the me(ieval scare tactic aime/ to -rea1 t)e unexpecte/ .)inese strong +ill o, resistance& 8error +as also extensively use/ in or/er to extract in,ormation an/ recruit .)inese traitors& 'ormer sergeant major Masayo @nomoto sai/, =/fter we rape( them we st ffe( petrol!soa2e( rags insi(e their vaginas an( $ rne( them& 3t was a message to the enemy) $ t it was also entertainment for s&= 'ormer (apanese sol/ier 8aisu1e 'unyu sai/, =3n the military) the more crimes yo commit) the $etter yo r recor(&= "B& Mis!calc late( 'ar 0lan : .onsi/ering .)ina )a/ -een totally wea2ene() corr pte( an( poverishe( $y 7ritish) %&"&) Japanese -pi m) Heroine) Morphia , consume/ -y t)e Warlor/s , an/ t)e on!going Civil 'ar, (apanese original +ar plan +as =9 (ays to conI er "hanghai) 9 months to conI er China=& 0et, not only (apan )a/ to spen/ ! mont)s just to capt re "hanghai city, -ut also su,,ere/ great casualties& 8)ere,ore, ,eeling )umiliate/ ,or not a-le to con*uer .)ina in ! mont)s +it) its over+)elmingly superior traine/ an/ +ell<e*uipe/ army, (apan /etermine/ to use e,treme terror of vario s $r talities an( atrocities to crus) .)inese strong +ill o, resistance an/ as revenge&

%;

"$& 3ncomplete Mei>i Restoration : 8)e (apanese Mei>i Restoration )a/ success,ully trans,orme/ (apan ,rom a ,eu/al state to a mo/ern state politically an( militarily only& %nfort nately) it faile( to transforme( Japan from a fe (al state to a mo(ern state c lt rally an( spirit ally& 8)at +as +)y t)e (apanese -e)ave/ in a me/ieval +ay, acte/ -ar-arously, invente/ Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port +it)out ,eeling any guilt& 7t +as no won(er that General Mac/rth r once (escri$e( Japan as "/ Nation of 5?!year!ol(s") $ t with (ea(liest 'M*s& "%& <eaving /sia for Colonial *ream : 8)e (apanese Mei>i Restoration )a/ only partially succee/e/ in trans,orming (apan ,rom a ,eu/al state to a mo/ern state& Ho+ever, (apan t)en /eci/e/ to =<eaving /sia an( Joinning ; rope C*ats !/ RonD= promote/ -y . 2 zawa 1 2ichi +)ose image is still on t)e (apanese 5::::!1en $an2 note, to /isassociate (apan ,rom .)ina an/ 9orea an/ mo/erni5e t)roug) complete Westerni5ation& His ,amous article sai/: =Since +esterners al+ays regar/e/ (apan, .)ina an/ 9orea as t)e same culture an/ similar countries, those ? co ntries ha( $ecome o$stacles to Japan& #hose are intimate with $a( frien(s are also regar(e( $a() therefore we sho l( (eny those $a( /sian frien(s from o r hearts &&&&&= 7s (apan a Western country or an Asian one F 7n ?::4, it +as reporte/ t)at nearly 8: F of Japanese people tho ght their co ntry was N-# a part of /sia $ t part of of the 'est& 7n Mar "?!!, (apan +it)/re+ ,rom t)e <eag e of Nations& 'e+ mont)s later, Hitler also le,t t)e league& 7n "?B#, /a55le/ -y t)e Hitler2s victories in @urope, (apan /eci/e/ to join t)e Axis an/ ,ormally signe/ t)e /,is 0act Ci&e& #ripartite 0actD an/ joine/ +it) Hitler& 8)e pact stipulate/ t)at Dermany an/ 7taly recogni5e/ an/ respecte/ t)e lea/ers)ip o, (apan in Asia, +)ile (apan +oul/ /o t)e same, an/ to )elp eac) ot)er -y provi/ing political, economic an/ military assistance& 'esternization was "-- s ccessf l ) %nfort nately ) Japan ha( s ccessf lly transforme( itself from a previo s 'estern Colonial Victim to a ;astern Colonial /ggressor & Acte/ exactly li1e t)e Western colonial aggressors +it) its o+n colonial /ream o, =Greater ;ast /sian Co!prosperity "phere= & 8o ac)ieve its colonial /ream , (apan, exactly li1e t)e Western colonial aggressor , /etermine/ to /is< regar/ Humanity , an/ -elieve/ its colonial /ream coul/ justi,y t)e means & 8)ere,ore , Japan officially t rne( to the following me(ieval e,treme "tate!#erriorism@ (apan +as t)e .3R"# in Asia engage/ in =3n(iscriminate 7om$ing" on civilians in S)ang)ai, Nanjing, Wu)an, .)ong*ing an/ ot)er .)inese cities& .3R"# in Asia, use/ t)e 'M* *r g 'eapon& .3R"# in Asia, use/ t)e 'M* 7iological 'eapon& .3R"# in Asia, use/ t)e 'M* Chemical 'eapon, except t)e 'M* N clear 7om$ +)ic) +as ,ortunately still un/er /evelopment& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ t)e extremely -rutal Mass Rape& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ many extremely atrocious %!

large scale o, massacres, ,or example, t)e in,amous Nan>ing Massacre& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ an extensive scale o, Mass ;,tortion = <ooting& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ massive scale o, a-/ucting an/ 1i/napping o, young girls an/ +omen, t)en ,orce/ t)em to -e "e, "laves& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ massive scale o, 1i/napping o, men an/ ,orce/ t)em to -e "laves worse than the 0o's& .3R"# in Asia, committe/ t)e extreme -ar-arism un<prece/ente/ in mo/ern History -y inventing Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port & .3R"# in Asia, committe/ t)e extreme -ar-arism un<prece/ente/ in mo/ern History o, t)e Japanese me(ieval -fficial "#hree /ll 0olicy" !! "Kill /ll) <oot /ll) 7 rn /ll"& C)a+n (osep), pro/ucer o, t)e /ocumentary =Nightmare in Nan2ing=, analyses t)at t)e Japanese crimes were so horrific that they almost ma(e Nazis loo2 civilize( in comparison& 6y contrast, Nazi sol(iers $ecame ill an( $egan to $rea2 (own after a few ho rs of shooting people& ;ven Nazi Heinrich Himmler) the hea( of the (rea(e( "" an( the concentration camps) $ecame ill an( almost threw p while watching his men shoot civilians& @xtreme -rutalities are sometimes calle/ as t)e =Crimes of 0assion= & 6ut t)e =Crimes of 0assion= are normally generate/ -y extreme )atre/ an/ rage& 0et, most of the Japanese sol(iers committing their e,treme crimes (i( not feel any rage) instea() they en>oye( very m ch the $r tal f n an( atrocio s pleas re t)at pu55les everyone& 8)e pu55lement is not uni*ue& 8)roug) researc), more lig)t )as no+ -eing s)e/ on t)e (apanese 'orgotten Asian Holocaust& Some *uestions, )o+ever, +ill never -e ans+ere/& (ust as t)e survivor o, t)e (e+is) Holocaust, Arno Austiger +it) prisoner num-er A$$?; remains tattooe/ on )is arm, )is telep)one num-er Austiger once tol/ )is curious /aug)ter, sai/, =#he more 3 have learne( a$o t this episo(e,= sai/ Austiger, =the less 3 n(erstan( it&=

"e, "laves ! 3nh man Mass Rape Crime

#his military "e, "laves is (efinitely the worst an( only 2nown war crime case of systematic mass violation of women rights against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r mo(ern History& /ss ming 4 years of program) then there were at least 5?4 Million Rapes arrange( $y the Japanese Government& Nearly all o, t)e ;&$ Million (apanese sol/iers +)o surren/e/ to t)e Allies in "?B$ +oul/ )ave 1no+n a-out t)e Sex Slaves& Ho+ever, a,ter t)e +ar t)e Sex Slave issue *uic1ly ,a/e/ ,rom pu-lic consciousness, an/ ,or years t)e issue receive/ little attention& =We +ere t)e emperor2s sol/iers& 'hether in military $rothels or in the villages) we rape( witho t rel ctance=, : <year<ol/ 0asuji 9ane1o tol/ t)e Associate/ Press& On 'e- ;B ;##", in t)e Hag e 'ar Crimes Co rt) the 3nternational #ri$ nal )as convicte/ t)e ! Ser- comman/ers in t)e 6osnian to+n o, 'oca in "??; an/ "??!, +)ere )un/re/s o, +omen +ere a-/ucte/ an/ sexually enslave/ -y 6osnian Ser- sol/iers& 8)ey %B

receive/ prison terms o, ;:, ;# an/ "; years& 8)e !<ju/ge panel rule/ t)at Mass Rape is a crime against H manity) the ?n( most serio s category of international Crimes after Genoci(e& 7n "?:#s, t)e outcry o, t)e ,ormer Sex Slaves starte/ capturing t)e +orl/ +i/e attention, an/ slo+ly )as gaine/ t)e +i/e international support& 7n "?:B, (apanese journalist an/ ,eminist Matsui 0ayori pu-lis)e/ a s)ort article a-out .om,ort Women in Asa)i S)in-un& 7n "?::, Pro,essor 0un .)ung O1, a pro,essor o, @)+a Women2s University in 9orea -egan to lea/ an activist group t)at con/ucte/ an/ presente/ researc) a-out t)e .om,ort Women& 7n "??#, ! +omen2s groups in 9orea ,orme/ t)e Goluntary Service .orps Pro-lem Cesolution .ouncil an/ /eman/e/ apology an/ compensation ,rom (apan& 7n t)e -eginning, (apanese Dovernment ,latly re,use/ to a/mit any involvement, as illustrate/ -y (apan2s position state/ in t)e )ouse o, councilor2s 6u/get .ommittee Session o, (une "??# t)at =.om,ort Women= +ere recruite/ -y private sector operators& Humiliate/ an/ as)ame/, Sex Slave survivors remaine/ silent ,or /eca/es -e,ore ,inally spea1ing out in t)e early "??#s in response to persistent /enials -y (apan o, its involvement& August "??", 9im Ha1 Sun -ecame t)e ,irst 9orean +oman to give pu-lic testimony to )er li,e as a Sex Slave& S)e +as one o, t)e ! 9orean ,ormer Sex Slaves +omen ,ile/ t)e ,irst la+suit against t)e (apanese government in Dec& "??"& Her la+suit )a/ attracte/ +orl/+i/e attention& Similar la+suits ,ollo+e/ -y Sout) 9orea +omen )a/ ,inally s)e/ some lig)t to t)e +orst case =Rape Camps= against +omen2s )uman rig)ts in t)is century& -n 56 Jan& 5AA?) Japanese history 0rofessor 1oshia2i 1ashimi of Ch o %niversity nearthe( 6 official war (oc ments from the <i$rary of the National 3nstit te for *efense "t (ies in #o2yo) concl sively confirme( the involvement of Japanese government in $oth esta$lishing an( operating the "e, "laves&& 'e/ up +it) t)e (apanese government2s /enials, (apanese )istory pro,essor at .)uo University 0os)ia1i 0os)imi +ent to t)e De,ense Agency2s li-rary& 7n just ; /ays, )e ,oun/ a rare trove t)at uncovere/ t)e military2s /irect role in managing t)e -rot)els, inclu/ing /ocuments t)at carrie/ t)e personal seals o, )ig)<ran1ing 7mperial Army o,,icers& O, t)e )al,</o5en /ocuments )e /iscovere/, t)e most /amning +as a notice +ritten on Marc) B, "?!:, -y t)e a/jutant to t)e c)ie,s o, sta,, o, t)e Nort) .)ina Area Army an/ .entral .)ina %$

@xpe/itionary 'orce& 8itle/ MConcerning the Recr itment of 'omen for Military Comfort "tationsO, t)e notice sai/ t)at Marmies in the fiel( will control the recr iting of women)S an( that Tthis tas2 will $e performe( in close cooperation with the military police or local police force of the area&O 7n anot)er /ocument ,rom (uly "?!:, Naosa-uro O1a-e, c)ie, o, sta,, o, t)e Nort) .)ina Area Army, +rote t)at rapes o, local +omen -y (apanese sol/iers )a/ /eepene/ anti<(apanese sentiments an/ t)at setting p Tfacilities for se, al comfort as I ic2ly as possi$le is of great importance&S 1et another) an /pril 5A9A report $y the hea(I arters of the ?5st /rmy in G angzho ) China) note( that the ?5st /rmy (irectly s pervise( E4: women& .onclusive evi/ence )a/ con,irme/ t)at (apan an/ military aut)orities at t)e )ig)est levels +ere extensively involve/ in t)e Sex Slavery policyma1ing, esta-lis)ment, an/ maintenance o, t)e system, an/ in recruiting an/ transporting +omen across international -or/ers& (apanese )istorians, using t)e /iaries an/ testimony o, military o,,icials as +ell as o,,icial /ocuments ,rom t)e US an/ ot)er countries, )ave -een a-le to s)o+ t)at t)e military +as /irectly or in/irectly involve/ in coercing, /eceiving, luring an/ 1i/napping young +omen t)roug)out (apanLs Asian colonies an/ occupie/ territories& 8)e esta-lis)ment o, Sex Slaves involve/ N-# only every section of the Japanese military) $ t also the Government of Japan at every level) even the private Japanese companies were accomplices in the r nning of the "e, "tations& Drant Doo/man, no+ a retire/ 9ansas University )istory pro,essor, /iscovere/ t)e Sex Slaves /ocuments +)en )e +as serving as a secon/ lieutenant /uring War& He translate/ a ";<page /ocument outlining t)e /irect involvement o, t)e (apanese military in t)e organi5ation an/ utili5ation o, -rot)els& He sai/ t)e %&"& ha( 2nown Japanese "e, "laves ha( e,iste( since 5A98& He 1ept a copy o, t)e /ocuments an/ maile/ t)em )ome to )is parents& He /i/nLt touc) t)em again until "??;, +)en )e notice/ t)at t)e (apanese Pro,essor 0os)imi 0os)ia1i, o, .)uo University in 8o1yo, also ,oun/ similar /ocuments in t)e (apanese De,ense Agency arc)ives& 7n "??!, ,acing +it) t)e unre,uta-le proo,, t)e Japanese government finally ha( no choice $ t force( to a(mit its /irect involvement an/ operate/ t)e military Sex Salvery, an/ issue/ an apology& 6ut many continues to /eny -y saying t)at t)e +omen +ere not ,orci-ly recruite/& Note the 5AA9 apology Ciss e( $y Chief Ca$inet "ecretary 1ohei KonoD was a 0ersonal aoplogy only& 3t was N;V;R approve( $y the Japanese parliament& 7n Aug o, "??!, t)e ,ormer (apanese consul general in 9ansas .ity, Mo& 8a1ao S)i-ata visite/ Drant Doo/man& MHe tol( me than2s to my (oc ments) the Japanese government %%

ha( $een force( to a(mit that they were responsi$le for the comfort women,O sai/ Drant Doo/man& (apanese )istorian 0os)imi 0os)ia1i estimates as many as ;##,### Sex Slaves in ?)::: Japanese Comfort "tations across /sia in )is 5AA4 $oo2 "Comfort 'omen=& 6y "?? , almost all sc)ool )istory text-oo1s an/ t)ose in relate/ su-jects inclu/e/ a -rie, re,erence to com,ort +omen& (apanese military in cooperation +it) t)e Japanese organize( criminal organization 1a2 za, ran t)ousan/s o, -rot)els ,or (apanese sol/iers, 1i/napping an/ ,orcing )un/re/s o, t)ousan/s o, +omen into =.om,ort Women= < Sex Slaves& 7n .)ina S)anxi Province, (apanese troops routinely a-/ucte/ +omen, con,ine/ t)em an/ repeate/ly rape/ t)em& (apanese troops ,re*uently ,orce/ village lea/ers to provi/e t)em +it) +omen& Using t)e Sex Slaves, Japanese /rmy e,torte( large s ms of money from the women's families in e,change for their "e, "lavery& #he Japan's first wartime ".acility for "e, al Comfort" was opene( in "hanghai in 5A9E& 7n Septem-er !,"?B;, at a meeting )el/ at t)e Ministry o, t)e Army, a section c)ie, reporte/ t)at Mt)e n m$er of comfort facilities which have $een set p are 5:: in North China) 5G: in Central China) G: in "o th China) 5:: in "o th ;ast /sia CNanpoD) 5: in the "o thern "eas CNan2aiD an( 5: in "a2halin) which ma2es a total of G::&O 8)e majority o, Sex Slaves +ere .)inese an/ 9orean& 8)ey inclu/e/ mainlan/ .)inese, 8ai+an .)inese, Overseas .)inese, Nort) an/ Sout) 9oreans, Malays, 8)ais, 'ilipinas, 7n/onesians, 6urmese, Gietnamese, 7n/ians, @urasians, Dutc), 8imorese, an/ natives o, t)e Paci,ic islan/s& 8)ere may also )ave -een Aaotians an/ .am-o/ians& 8o+ar/ t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, .om,ort stations +ere also set up in O1ina+a an/ ot)er parts o, (apan at t)at time& 7n S)ang)ai alone, t)e (apanese military set up ?# sex stations, +it) a-out $## +omen serving sol/iers at eac) station& 8)e Sex Stations +ere not only use/ -y t)e Militaries, also use/ -y t)e (apanese 6usinessmen& Accor/ing to t)e MReg lations for Garrison Comfort "tationsO pu-lis)e/ -y Man/alay Hea/*uarters on ;% May, "?B!, t)e $ sinessmen pai( the same fees as the Japanese officersM rates& %

Cesearc) )as s)o+n t)at t)e previous estimate/ ;##,### -y U&N& /i/ not ta1e into account o, .)ina, -ecause .)ina came into t)e researc) picture muc) later t)an its Asian neig)-ors& 7n just one .)inese city S)ang)ai alone, t)e (apanese military set up ?# sex stations, +it) a-out $## +omen serving sol/iers at eac) station& 8)ere,ore, t)e #otal act al n m$er of "e, "laves sho l( pro$a$ly $e close to G::):::& Despite t)e +i/esprea/ prevalence o, +)at +as essentially institutionali5e/ Cape, t)e issue o, "e, "laves was ignore( $y the 3nternational Military #ri$ nal ,or t)e 'ar @ast, set up a,ter t)e WW77 to prosecute (apan2s +ar criminals& E: F of the 2i(nappe( "e, "laves were $etween the ages of 5G an( 5E& 8ypically, t)e room was G:!sI are!foot f rnishe( with a woo(en $e( an( a har( mattress) accor(ing to replica at the m se m in Gwang> , o,ten t)e only ot)er o-ject +as a tin -asin, /imly lit -y a single -ul-, +)ere t)ey live/ as Sex Slaves serving up to B# (apanese sol/iers /aily& 8)ey +ere allo+e/ only s)ort, spora/ic sleeping times an/ near< starvation rations& Japan systematically (estroye( most their military recor(s at t)e en/ o, t)e +ar& 6ut in t)ose t)at remain, t)e "e, "laves are s ally reference( as "'ar " pplies" & #hey were often shippe( right along with amm nition& Mortality rates of "e, "laves have $een estimate( to $e as high as 84 F& O1 Seon Aee, +as "$ years 9orean girl 1i/nappe/ -y (apanese& 'or ! years, s)e +as ,orce/ to -e a Sex Slave& ;very time 3 see the scars) 3 remem$er how they slashe( me& How can they say there is no history of what they (i( to s when the evi(ence is on my $o(y + #o say that this (i( not happen) to (eny history) this is the most wic2e( act= sai/ Aee no+ $ years ol/& 9im 0oon S)im, a ,ormer Sex Slave, no+ %? years ol/, tol/ t)e cast o, Hana2o t)at s)e +as "! years ol/ +)en s)e +as a-/ucte/ -y (apanese outsi/e )er village in .)olla province& S)e sai/ it +as common ,or young +omen to )ave to o,,er sexual services ;# to B# times a /ay& Many trie/ to commit suici/eE ot)ers attempte/ escape& During a rainstorm, 9im trie/ to ,lee& S)e soug)t re,uge in a )ouse < only to /iscover it +as occupie/ -y (apanese sol/iers& =7 +as -eaten up an/ torture/,= s)e recounte/& =My ,eet +ere -ro1en an/ my spine crac1e/& 8)ey )ung me upsi/e /o+n, poure/ +ater in my nostrils an/ stuc1 pins in me&=

%:

As a result o, t)e torture, 9im2s )earing is permanently /amage/& W)en s)e +as later reunite/ +it) )er ,amily, s)e sai/ her mother s ggeste( that it might have $een $etter if she ha( (ie( rather than s rvive with "that 2in( of past"& 9im2s past ,ollo+e/ )er into )er ,uture& S)e +as a-an/one/ -y )er ,irst )us-an/ -ecause s)e coul/ not )ave c)il/ren& S)e un/er+ent surgery in an attempt to repair t)e /amage to )er -o/y& W)en s)e marrie/ a secon/ time, s)e gave -irt) to a /aug)ter +it) serious )an/icaps& Gonorrhea an( syphilis contracte( from Japanese sol(iers ha( $een passe( to her $a$y& "#o this (ay) my (a ghter cannot hear or tal2,= 9im sai/& =S)e /oesn2t 1no+ +)at )appene/ to me&= 7n .ilippine, Sex Slaves are 1no+n as t)e =Aolas=, t)e Dran/mot)ers& W)en =Aola Nenita= resiste/ t)e ,irst assault, s)e +as severely -eaten& During t)eir =rest perio/s= t)e +omen )a/ to coo1 an/ /o t)e laun/ry ,or t)eir captors << -ut t)ey +ere never allo+e/ to tal1& 8)ey escape/ +)en t)e Americans came an/ =Aola Nenita= ret rne( home only to $e thrown o t $y her h s$an( an( ostracize( $y relatives& "he ha( $ro ght (ishonor to the family& Her chil(ren were for$i((en from calling her Mother& 7n ;ast #imor, a Japanese "e, "lave e,hi$ition e,poses Japanese (ar2ness in ;ast #imor, a joint project con/ucte/ -y t)e (apanese an/ @ast 8imorese )uman rig)ts groups& 'urusa+a 9iyo1o, an associate pro,essor o, /evelopment an/ gen/er stu/ies at 8o1yo Woman2s .)ristian University sai/, =Women enslave/ in com,ort stations +ere ,orce/ to serve many sol/iers every nig)t, +)ile ot)ers +ere treate/ as t)e personal property o, particular o,,icers,= s)e sai/& =8)e +omen +ere also ma/e to +or1 at tas1s suc) as -uil/ing roa/s, cutting +oo/, gro+ing an/ preparing ,oo/, an/ /oing laun/ry /uring t)e /ay,= 'urusa+a sai/& .om,ort +omen receive/ no payment ,or t)eir +or1 an/ little or no ,oo/, s)e a//e/& 'amily mem-ers eit)er -roug)t ,oo/ to t)e com,ort stations or t)e +omen +ere sent )ome to o-tain it& Many Sex Slaves -ecame sterile ,rom t)e repeate/ rapes& Women +)o -ecame pregnant or in,ecte/ +it) a sexually transmitte/ /isease +ere given a s)ot o, t)e anti-iotic terramycin, +)ic) t)e +omen re,erre/ to as "N m$er 6:6") the (r g ma(e the women's $o(ies swell p an( wo l( s ally in( ce an a$ortion&= 8)e %#% +as actually an injection o, poisonous mercury& 7, a girl /i/ get pregnant, sol/iers +oul/ occasionally sit on t)e girl2s stomac) until t)e un-orn -a-y came out, t)en t)ey +oul/ 1ill t)e -a-y& 8)e girl +)o )a/ just given -irt) +as not allo+e/ a recovery perio/, an/ s)e +as ,orce/ to )ave sex again rig)t a+ay& 7, a girl -ecame too ill, a guar/ +oul/ +rap )er up in a -lan1et an/ carry )er a+ay& 9im 0oon<s)im, a ,ormer com,ort +oman reporte/, = 3 (i( not see any of the sic2 girls ever come $ac2&O Aee O1 Soon, no+ %, still su,,ers ,rom t)e Sexual Slavery o, )er teens, =My two sisters feel I ite ashame( of me an( say that it was all my fa lt& #hey won't visit me at all&= Alt)oug) Aee marrie/ later, -ut s)e never reveale/ )er past to )er )us-an/ ,or ,ear o,

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rejection, =3 got so many in>ections of 6:6 that 3 was na$le to have chil(ren &&&&& He (i(n't 2now&= s)e explaine/& #he 6:6 was act ally an in>ection of poisono s merc ry& (ang (om/ol, :!, gave t)e tear,ul testimony, =3t's so shamef l > st to thin2 of what ha( happene( to me when 3 was yo ng serving as a "e, "lave of the colonial Japanese troops& 3t ma2es me sic2,= S)e sai/, =At ,irst 7 ,elt so as)ame/ o, my )umiliating experiences 7 coul/n2t come out& 7t +as really agoni5ing to -ring mysel, up to tell t)e trut), -ut 7 ,inally /eci/e/ to let t)e +orl/ 1no+ +)at really )appene/, contrary to t)e continue/ /enial o, t)is trut) -y t)e (apanese aut)orities&= S)e +as a-/ucte/ in "?!: at age "% an/ ,orce/ to -e Sex Slave o, B# (apanese sol/iers /aily on average ,or almost ; years +it) repeate/ pregnancies an/ miscarriages alternately& S)e ma/e several ,utile escape attempts, eac) time en/ing in -eatings until s)e ,ell into unconsciousness& S)e sa+ ; o, )er Sex Slave ,rien/s commit suici/e an/ t)e memory )aunts )er even t)ese /ays& =3 won't $e a$le to close my eyes even at my (eath$e() nless 3 hear Japan apologize for its $ar$arism&= s)e emp)asi5e/& 9im O1 Sun, +as 1i/nappe/ at age "$, t)ro+n in a /irty truc1 pac1e/ +it) "$ ot)er 9orean girls an/ s)ippe/ to 8ai+an& S)e painf lly reco nte( the (etails of her E years "e, "lavery& -ne of the girls (ie( after she was rape( $y as many as 5:: sol(iers) another committe( s ici(e an( ? $ecame insane& 8)e people in t)e )amlet -urne/ most o, t)eir p)otograp)s o, Dai S)anxi, a ,ormer Sex Slave, an/ all o, )er -elongings -ecause t)ey -elieve/ anyt)ing relate/ to )er +oul/ -ring t)em -a/ luc1& 6ut t)e .)inese ,ilmma1er 6an K)ongyi persevere/ an/ over t)e years, 6an ,oun/ +omen +)o s)are/ )orri,ic stories o, -eing ta1en +it) t)e ;;<year<ol/ Dai S)anxi to a pill-ox in near-y (ingui village, +)ere t)ey +ere rape/ every /ay -y ;# to !# men& ="he offere( herself to the army in or(er to protect other girls=, one +oman sai/& University o, Gictoria (apanese )istory pro,essor (o)n Price says t)at /fter the war) the Japanese /rmy went to great lengths to cover p its connection to the "e, "laves& #ho san(s of them were 2ille( $y the fleeing 3mperial sol(iers& -f the more than ?::)::: "e, "laves) only fraction live( thro gh the or(eal an( > st a$o t 4:: are $elieve( alive to(ay& #hey were force( to serve p to G: men a (ay& No one 2nows the tr e fig re& Most have conceale( their past) consi(ering it too shamef l& @ven more misera-le, =Many of these women never went $ac2 to their families $eca se they felt they wo l( shame them,= sai/ Nora O1ja 9eller&

7n 'e-& "??;, t)e =.om,ort Women= issue +as ,irst ta1en up at t)e U&N& -y attorney @tsuro 8otsu1a at t)e commission o, Human Cig)ts a/opte/ a resolution critici5ing all ,orm o, violence against +omen in +ar situation& 7n Nov& "??;, t)e 7nternational .ommission o, (urists recommen/e/ t)at t)e (apanese Dovernment s)oul/ pay state compensation o, US N;#,### to eac) o, t)e victims ,or t)eir p)ysical an/ emotional /amages& 7n Aug& "??B, (apanese Prime Minister 8omiic)i Murayama annonunce/ a project ,or =Peace an/ 'rien/s)ip @xc)anges= trie/ to solve t)is issue& 8)e proposal +as critici5e/ -ot) at )ome an/ a-oar/ t)at (apan is not ta1ing its responsi-ility o, state compensation to t)e victims& 7n (uly& "??$, (apanese government esta-lis)e/ a private sector ,un/ calle/ =Asian Women2s 'un/= 3AW'4 trie/ to settle t)e =.om,ort Women= issue privately& Ho+ever, t)e ,un/ )as -een rejecte/ -y most o, t)e victims o, military sex slavery -y (apan an/ t)eir support groups& Gictims strongly oppose/ t)e =Asian Women 'un/= -ecause t)e private ,un/ covers up t)e +ar crime o, (apanese government an/ t)e systematic sexual violence again +omen committe/ -y a country& Most victims have ref se( it an( say) "'e want no charity) $ t (ignity"& On (an& B "??%, t)e U&N& Human Cig)ts .ommission release/ an official report) s $mitte( $y the %N "pecial Rapporte r on Violence against 'omen $y Ra(hi2a Coomaraswamy) on the wartime "e, "lavery, an/ report -y 7nternational .ommision o, (urists, Deneva Comfort 'omen @ /n %nfinishe( -r(eal& 7n "??:, anot)er U&N& report -y Special Capporteur Ms& Day (& McDougall "ystematic Rape) "e, al "lavery an( "lavery!li2e practices ( ring arme( conflict& 8)e reports are ,oun/e/ on years investigation an/ recommen/s t)at (apanese government s)oul/ assume state responsi-ility an/ "& ;& !& B& $& %& Ac1no+le/ge its violation o, international la+& Ma1e a pu-lic apology in +riting to in/ivi/ual +omen& Pay compensation to in/ivi/ual +omen& Amen/ing e/ucational curricula to re,lect true )istorical realities& 'ull /isclosure o, relate/ /ocuments 7/enti,y an/ punis), as ,ar as possi-le, involve/ perpetrators

#he Japanese Government insiste( that the recommen(ation from %&N& (o not imply any legal $in(ing) therefore) Japan has no o$ligation to comply with them& Japan ha( >oine( in G international treaties that $arre( se, al traffic2ing in women an( force( la$o r: t)e 7nternational .onvention ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e 8ra,,ic in Women an/ .)il/ren 35A?54, t)e 7nternational Agreement ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e W)ite Slave 8ra,,ic 35A:G4, t)e 7nternational .onvention ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e W)ite Slave 8ra,,ic 35A5:4 an/ t)e Agreement on t)e A-olition o, 'orce/ Aa-our 35A9:4& "

7n "???, t)e 7AO .ommittee o, @xperts, i&e& t)e ;# mem-er *uasi<ju/icial expert -o/y o, t)e 3nternational <a$o r -rganization also p $lishe( its 9r( o$servation& 7n -$servation concerning Convention No& ?A) .orce( <a$o r) 5A9: Japan, t)e 7AO .ommittee turne/ /o+n t)e (apan2s argument t)at t)e .onvention s)oul/ not -e applie/ in t)e event o, +ar& 8)e .ommittee ,oun/ (apan2s violations o, t)e .onvention ;? concerning not only t)e issue o, Sex Slaves -ut also t)e issue o, Slave la-orers -y t)e (apanese in/ustries /uring WW77& 7n April "??%, t)e /elegate to U&N& ,rom .)ina, ,or t)e ,irst time, state/ t)at (apan s)oul/ pay state compensation to t)e victims o, Sex Slavery -y (apan /uring WW77& Wit) t)e ,inancial support ,rom (apanese government, t)e AW' )as -een actively exploring its canvassing, large scale a/vertisement an/ /isunite/ activities in victimi5e/ countries& 7n Aug& "??%, $ 'ilipino victims -ecame t)e ,irst group to receive ; million yen eac) ,rom AW', toget)er +it) a letter ,rom Prime Minister Cyutaro Has)imoto& Ho+ever, t)e $ 'ilipino victims re,use/ t)e letter an/ /eclare/ t)at t)ey +ill continue t)eir ,ig)t to /eman/ o,,icial apology an/ compensation -ecause t)e money ,rom the private f n( was not meant as a re(ress $eca se Japanese government ha( not ma(e state compensation& 8o encourage victims to accept t)e =o,,er o, atonement=, (apanese government /eci/e/ in (an& "?? , to pay out extra money to -e use/ ,or me/ical care an/ +el,are t)roug) t)e AW'& Still, most victims )ave rejecte/ t)e o,,er an/ only ?E4 women have accepte( money from the f n(& 7n Sept& "?? , 8aipei Women2s Cescue 'oun/ation in 8ai+an )el/ an unprece/ente/ ,un/ raising +it) t)e support o, a ,amous 8ai+an .)inese )istorian an/ +riter Aee Au)& 7t success,ully raise/ an/ /istri-ute/ $##,### N8 3; million yen4 eac) to B; victims going against AW'& 7n Dec& "?? , 8ai+an government matc)e/ t)e ,un/ an/ (istri$ te( another ? million yen each to all victims re>ecting /'.& 7n May "??:, Sout) 9orea pai/ !B&$ million +on 3a-out !&$ million yen4 to "; victims& 7n May :, "??: t)e payment ma/e -y t)e Healt) an/ Wel,are ministry, comprise/ !"&$ million +on ,rom state co,,ers an/ ! million +on ,rom an a//itional %&$ million +on /onate/ -y non< government organi5aiton& Sout) 9orea +ill continue ma1ing payments to t)e remaining victims t)roug) +el,are section o, 9orean local government& A,ter more t)an "# years, in total only a ,raction i&e& 96G former "e, "laves ha( accepte( the /'. money since 5AA4& M'hy sho l( 3 accept money from private Japanese people+ #hey were also victims ( ring the warO @ven t)ose +)o ,avore/ accepting t)e money sai/ t)e ,un/ re,lecte/ t)e a-sence o, moral clarity in (apan, an opinion t)at +as rein,orce/ +)en (apan PM S)in5o A-e /enie/ t)e (apanese militaryLs role in coercing +omen into sexual slavery& M3t was really awf l for the women& .o r of them calle( me an( sai() UHow co l( this happen again+ How co l( they (o this to me again+L O sai/ Marguerite Hamer, t)e )ea/ o, Project 7mplementation .ommittee in t)e Net)erlan/s, t)roug) +)ic) ? Sex Slaves )ave receive/ compensation ,rom t)e Asian WomenLs 'un/& M#he Japanese government has presente( this f n( to (eceive o r s rvivors an( the international comm nity,O sai/ Nelia Sanc)o, a lea/ing supporter o, t)e +omen in t)e P)ilippines& (apan )as al+ays /enie/ any o,,icial approval o, t)e -rot)els, arguing t)ey +ere create/ -y civilians& 6ut accor/ing to a recently /eclassi,ie/ US report ,rom t)e National Arc)ives ;

o-taine/ un/er t)e US 'ree/om o, 7n,ormation Act, issue/ -y Deneral Hea/*uarters, Supreme .omman/er ,or t)e Allie/ Po+ers on Nov& "$, "?B$, t)e 96!page report offers the most (etaile( acco nt yet of how the Japanese military $rothels were r n& Accor/ing to t)e report, Sex Slaves +ere given room an/ -oar/ -ut )a/ to split me/ical expenses ,or treating t)eir sexually transmitte/ /iseases +it) t)e -rot)el operators, an/ )a/ to -uy clot)es an/ grooming out o, a small stipen/ t)ey +ere to )ave receive/& 6ut t)e +omen, a-/ucte/ or tric1e/ into t)e -rot)els -y agents ,or t)e (apanese government, never receive/ any payment, ,ormer Sex Slaves tol/ researc)ers& 8)e report is expecte/ to assist )uman rig)ts activists +)o )ave -een ,ig)ting ,or reparations ,or t)e surviving Sex Slaves o, +)at some sc)olars re,er to as t)e =0acific Holoca st=& Aast year ;##!, a list of "o th Korean victims comp lsorily mo$ilize( $y the Japanese imperialists was ma(e p $lic (isplay in Seoul ,or t)e ,irst time& 8)e list o, B"!,B# people +as t)e result o, t)e e,,orts ,or !# years o, t)e 7nvestigation 8eam on t)e 8rut) a-out 'orce/ 9orean Aa-orers in (apan, compose/ o, 9orean an/ (apanese sc)olars an/ researc)ers& S&9orean .ongress+oman 9im stresse/, M #he n m$er of victims incl (ing force( la$orers) those (rafte( for military service) se, slaves) is a$o t 8&4 Millions&= A-out "$ P o, visitors ,oun/ t)eir names on t)e list& M3 (o not want money) $ t > st a formal apology& Give $ac2 my yo th&O sai/ H+ang Dun (u, no+ :"& W)en s)e +as ;# years ol/, s)e +as ,orce/ to -e a Sex Slave ,or a-out B years& 8)ere +ere t)e names o, "B M9orean Sex SlavesO on t)e list& 8)eir real names +ere +it))el/ in consi/eration o, t)eir privacy& = 3s the Japanese government waiting for s to (ie + 7 +ill not /ie -e,ore 7 +in t)e apologyO s)e a//e/& =Some (apanese, uno,,icially, )ave spo1en openly o, +)at t)ey term t)e =7iological "ol tion=, sai/ .)ristop)er Simpson, an associate pro,essor at American University stu/ie/ t)e com,ort +omen issue ,or years, =3n other wor(s) waiting ntil the women (ie&= 7n "??$ 9im Ha1 Sun, t)e ,irst ,ormer Sex Slave to give pu-lic testimony, tol/ t)e ant)ropologist t)at s)e t)oug)t t)e (apanese tactics +oul/ -e to stall t)e legal procee/ings until all t)e litigants +ere /ea/& Her +or/s prove/ tragically prop)etic& S)e /ie/ on Decem-er "%, "?? & Her f neral procession was ro te( to pass in front of the Japanese ;m$assy) where it halte( for a sym$olic (emonstration of her str ggle against the Japanese Government& 54 "e, "laves tell their story& Oct& ;##$ 7n a compre)ensive report entitle/ = "till 'aiting /fter 6: years@ J stice for " rvivors of Japan's Military "e, al "lavery "ystem= -y /mnesty 3nternational& t)e report outlines t)e -rutal treatment su,,ere/ -y Sex Slaves an/ t)e excuses given -y (apan over t)e years to /eny responsi-ility ,or t)eir su,,ering, calle/ on t)e (apanese government to accept ,ull responsi-ility ,or Sexual .rimes&

8)e (apanese government )as argue/ t)at Cape +as not a +ar crime until "?B?, +)en it +as incorporate/ into t)e Bt) Deneva .onvention& /mnesty 3nternational argues in its report, t)at t)ere is a +ealt) o, evi/ence t)at Cape in t)e context o, arme/ con,lict +as a crime un/er customary international la+ /uring t)e entire perio/ in +)ic) t)e (apanese government operate/ its system o, sexual slavery& -f the ?54 Korean s rvivors who registere( with the Korean Co ncil) only 5?? are left& Almost )al, o, t)e survivors /ie/ since t)e ,irst victim +ent pu-lic in "??"& Chinese #aiwan has ?E of the women left +it) an average age o, :B, accor/ing to t)e Women2s Cescue 'oun/ation& 5?: are still alive among 58G (oc mente( .ilipino "e, "laves& Since "??;, 9orean Sex Slaves )ave -een (emonstrating every 'e(nes(ay in front of the Japanese em$assy in "eo l calling for > stice& =We2re ol/ +omen, -ut $efore the last one (ies) we want yo to >oin o r fight&= sai/ 0ong Soo Aee& 8)ey /istri-ute/ postcar/s calling for the $loc2age of Japan's $i( for a %&N& "ec rity Co ncil seat& 'or more than 5G years, every We/nes/ay since (an :, "??;, t)e slogan at t)e -ac1 no+ rea/s, = 844th 'e(nes(ay rally = in ,ront o, (apanese @m-assy in Seoul, /eman/ing ,ull /isclose o, (apan2s +artime recor/s an/ genuine apology& =#he war may have en(e( (eca(es ago& 7 t my war is not over& 3t > st can't $e over ntil everything is (isclose( an( Japan's repentance is complete(&= sai/ :"<year<ol/ 0i O1<seon +)o +as "% an/ 1i/nappe/ -y (apanese to -e Sex Slave ,or "# sol/iers on a +ee1/ay an/ as many as B# a /ay on a +ee1en/& =Now yo want a witness to my rape + 3 am a witness& 3 am my own witness& 3 was the one Rape(& 3 was the one r ine(&= sai/ Aola (ulia Porras, )el/ captive in a tunnel in t)e P)ilippine an/ rape/ -y (apanese ,orces in "?B; +)en s)e +as "! years ol/& 7n a statement on Sex Slaves /uring t)e $"st session o, t)e U&N& .ommission on Human Cig)ts in "??%, 9aren Par1er sai/ t)e ,ollo+ing : =Mr& Chairman, How m ch compensation (o yo thin2 o ght to $e pai( to a woman who was Rape( 8)4:: times +++ 'hat wo l( the mem$ers of the Commission want for their (a ghters if their (a ghters ha( $een Rape( even once ++

One victim recounte/ )o+ s)e +as 1i/nappe/E s)e +as place/ in a cu-icle, +)ere her han(s were tie( $ehin( her $ac2) an( her legs were sprea( an( tie( to posts& #hey line( themselves o tsi(e o r c $icles an( as soon as one of them ha( satisfie( his se, al (esires another wo l( come an( have his t rn&= (apanese Dovernment earne/ )un/re/ o, millions -y ,orcing )un/re/s o, t)ousan/s o, girls an/ +omen into "e, "laves as pay service to its sol(iers& U&N& Special Capporteur on Giolence Against Women, 9aren Par1er, con,irme/ victims2 testimonies, an/ a//e/ )er ,in/ings /uring t)e $"st session o, t)e U&N& .ommission o, Human Cig)ts in "??%, 9aren Par1er states, =- r research shows that more than 4: F of the girls an( women (ie( as a (irect res lt of the treatment they receive(= =#here was at least 5::)::: Rapes per (ay ) arrange( $y the Japanese Government) an( carrie( o t $y its sol(iers ) 5::)::: Rapists per *ay=& =;ven ass ming only 4 years of program) there were at least 5?4 Million Rapes ) 5?4 Million Rapes against the women o, 9orea, P)ilippine, 6urma, .)ina, 8ai+an, 7n/onesia, Net)erlan/s&= A//ressing at a pu-lic ,orum )el/ in 8o1yo in (une, "???, Ms& Day (& an American international la+ specialist +)o issue/ a report en(orse( at the 4:th session of the %&N& H man Rights " $commission on / g& ?5) 5AAE @ "ystematic Rape) "e, al "lavery an( "lavery!li2e practices ( ring arme( conflict, calling ,or (apan2s reparation to +artime Sex Slaves, /enounce/ t)e (apanese military a-use o, Asian +omen as M-ne of the most egregio s e,amples of wartime systematic Rape an( "e, "lavery in History&O McDougall re-u,,e/ (apanese argument an/ sai/, MStatute o, Aimitations are in<applica-le to Slavery, .rimes against Humanity an/ ot)er gross violations o, customary international la+&= Dec ", ;##B Women2s organisations ,rom Asia, @urope an/ Nort) America agree/ to act toget)er ,rom next year, t)e %#t) anniversary o, WW77 to ma/e a$( cte( "e, "laves $y Japan to $ecome glo$al iss e& =We2ll launc) a million!signat re campaign worl(wi(e to /eman/ an apology an/ compensation ,rom t)e (apanese government,= sai/ Su/a 9aori, a (apanese mem-er o, t)e 9orea .ouncil ,or t)e Women Dra,te/ ,or Military Sex Slavery -y (apan& On Aug "#, ;##$ Women2s groups rally across Asia, Manila, Seoul, 8aipei, 8o1yo, Osa1a an/ ot)er (apanese cities, urge/ (apan to apologi5e an/ compensate Sex Slaves& =Japan a$( cte( $

me an( force( me to $ecome a "e, "lave,= %<year<ol/ 9orean Aee 0ong<soo sai/, =8)e Japanese government sho l( have come to my home an( 2neel (own to apologize&=

7n Seoul, 9im 0un<o1 sai/, = #he Japanese sol(iers enshrine( at the 1as 2 ni "hrine are the very ones who Rape( o r gran(mothers&= More t)an :% P o, t)e ens)rine/ (apanese sol/iers +ere ,rom WW77& Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& We /i/n2t +ant to leave any trou-le -e)in/ &&&&&=, i&e& /<< Japanese ''33 sol(iers are criminals ) committe( Mass Rape crime at t)e least& A,ter t)e +ar, Japan esta$lishe( $rothels for %&"& sol(iers with Japanese prostit tes across Japan& Drant Doo/man, no+ a retire/ 9ansas University )istory pro,essor, /iscovere/ t)e Sex Slaves /ocuments +)en )e +as serving as a secon/ lieutenant /uring War& He sai/ t)e %&"& ha( 2nown Japanese "e, "laves ha( e,iste( since 5A98& 8)ese ,acts complicate U&S& involvement in t)e (apanese War .rimes an/ .over<up& %&"& troops ignore( Japan's "e, "lavery) se( Japanese $rothels after war& 8)e ,irst CAA -rot)el, calle/ 9omac)ien < 8)e 6a-e Dar/en < eac) +oman service/ ,rom "$ to %# clients a /ay& American )istorian (o)n Do+er, in )is -oo1 =;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33= says t)e ,ee +as "$ yen or a-out a /ollar& US lea/ers)ip provi/e/ t)e (apanese government +it) penicillin ,or com,ort +omen servicing occupation troops, esta-lis)e/ prop)ylactic stations near t)e CAA -rot)els& A *ec& 6) 5AG4) memoran( m from <t& Col& H gh Mc*onal() a senior officer with the 0 $lic Health an( 'elfare *ivision of the occ pation's General Hea(I arters) shows %" occ pation forces were aware the Japanese comfort women were often coerce(&

*a ghter ;3<;;N @ 7t +as a per,ectly 1ept secret& 8)ere +as some t)ings t)at /i/n2t ma1e any sense < li1e, my mot)er al+ays use/ to say, +)en it +as )er -irt)/ay or Mot)er2s Day, an/ +e2/ say, =W)at /o you +ant ,or a presentF= An/ s)e2/ say, =J st (on't give me flowers& #hey're s ch a waste of money& *on't give me flowers&= An/ +e coul/n2t un/erstan/ t)at& @very-o/y loves ,lo+ers& @very mot)er loves getting ,lo+ers& Mother J/N @ 7n "??;, $# years on, 7 remem-er )earing on t)e ne+s t)at t)e 'ar in 7osnia ha( $ro2en o t) an( women were $eing Rape(& 8)en 7 sa+ on television t)e 9orean com,ort +omen& 8)e Sout) 9orean com,ort +omen +ere t)e ,irst ones to spea1 out& An/ 7 +atc)e/ t)em )ere %

in my living room& An/ t)ey +ante/ justice an/ compensation an/ an apology, more t)an anyt)ing else& 8)ey +ante/ an apology ,rom t)e (apanese government& An/ t)ey +eren2t getting any+)ere& 8)ey +ere getting no+)ere& An/ 7 t)oug)t, 3 m st $ac2 p these women& Now it's time to spea2 o t&&&&&& 7 t $efore 3 co l( (o that) of co rse) 3 ha( to tell my family& 3 ha( to tell ;ileen an( Carol& 1o 2now) How can yo tell yo r (a ghters + #he shame was still so great) yo 2now& 3 2new 3 ha( to tell them) $ t 3 co l(n't tell them face to face& *a ghter ;3<;;N @ One /ay, my mot)er came up to my )us-an/2s s)op an/ gave )im an envelope an/ just mysteriously sai/, =O), give t)is to @ileen to rea/ tonig)t&= So 7 opene/ t)e envelope up, an/ t)ere +as t+o articles ,rom Dutc) ne+spapers +it) )ea/lines a-out s)oc1ing revelations o, Dutc) +omen -eing use/ as Sex Slaves /uring t)e +ar& An/ 7 &&&& 7 just coul/n2t associate &&&&& ='hy have 3 $een given this to rea( + 'hat is this a$o t + 'hy has my mother given me this + /n( as 3 rea( the articles) 3 > st got so angry insi(e& 3 can feel it now& /nger > st s rge( p insi(e me& 3 co l( see there was also a large amo nt of han( written notes $y my mother) which was) in fact) 9: pages& *a ghter ;3<;;N @ An/ as it so turne/ out, it was e,actly what 3 ha( feare(& /n( all the time as 3 was rea(ing) 3 was saying) "No B Not this B Not this B" An/ 7 +as t)ro+ing t)e s)eets o, paper& An/ 7 can2t -elieve t)e anger, -ecause 72m not an angry person& 8ears +ere just streaming /o+n my ,ace& 7 /on2t t)in1 72ve ever crie/ so muc) in my +)ole li,e& *a ghter C/R-< @ W)at 7 really ,elt +as )orror, s)oc1 an/ )orror, t)at t)ese t)ings coul/ )ave )appene/ to suc) a -eauti,ul person as my mot)er& *a ghter ;3<;;N @ All 72m t)in1ing +as, =No Q Not my &&&& No, t)is is not my mot)er& My mot)er is t)is -eauti,ul &&&& is t)is -eauti,ul, strong person& No-o/y coul/ /o t)at to )er& 8)at2s not +)at2s )appene/& 8)at2s not +)at 72ve )ear/& 8)at2s not &&&& t)at2s not t)e story o, prison camp t)at 7 1no+&= More &&&&&&&&&

Normally )istorians maintain t)at )istorical ,acts nee/ to -e reconstructe/ utili5ing /iverse sources suc) as o,,icial an/ uno,,icial /ocuments, testimonies, an/ ot)er 1in/s o, evi/enceE evaluate/ an/ veri,ie/ in terms o, its persuasiveness an/ logical co)erence& Ho+ever, (apanese rig)t<+ings insist t)at t)e o,,icial +ritten /ocuments are t)e only legitimate source ,or t)e stu/y o, )istory& 8o re,ute t)is Sex Slavery issue, (apanese rig)t<+ings )ave extensively ,ocuse/ on t)e semantic an/ minor tec)nical /etails o, t)e testimonies an/ )istorical researc)& 8)ey insist

t)at no state or military ,orce +as use/ -ecause NO +ritten o,,icial or/er )as -een /iscovere/, t)ere,ore it is not t)e Ceal 8rut) an/ pus)e/ ,or t)e revision o, t)e )istory text-oo1& 8)ey completely ignore the fact that Japanese government ha( (estroy all the official recor( to conceal their crimes) not to mention (eli$erate falsehoo(s an( o$f scation sometimes fo n( in official wartime (oc ments& 'or /eatils, re,er to #he "Comfort 'omen" controversy@ History an( #estimony& ;ven if the "e, "laves came vol ntarily or $y private agents) they were effectively in a state of "e, "lavery $eca se they ha( no free(om an( were n(er strict military control, pointe/ out 0os)i1a5u 0os)imi, a pro,essor at .)uo University an/ a lea/ing expert on t)e issue& A num-er o, government /ocuments )ave alrea/y -een /iscovere/ to prove t)e army planne/ t)e -rot)els, or/ere/ t)em set up an/ +as /eeply involve/ in managing t)em, 0os)imi sai/& .ormer Japanese 0rime Minister Na2asone recalls in his memoirs a thorizing the $ il(ing of a "comfort station" on t)e islan/ o, 6orneo ,or t)e use o, men in )is Naval .orps& (apan in /e,iance to all Sex Slave victims, an/ t)e compre)ensive report entitle/ ="till 'aiting /fter 6: years@ J stice for " rvivors of Japan's Military "e, al "lavery "ystem= compile/ -y t)e /mnesty 3nternational, an/ t)e H man Rights recommen(ations of "ystematic Rape) "e, al "lavery -y t)e %nite( Nations +)ic) (apan is no+ applying ,or a permanent mem-ers)ip o, U&N& Security .ouncil, t)e (apan2s largest national ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un )as calle/ on its rea/ers to cele$rate the New History #e,t$oo2s of c tting o t /<< mentions a$o t the "e, "laves& (un "!, ;##$ (apan2s Minister o, @/ucation an/ .ulture, Naria1i Na1ayama praise( the recent (eletion of "e, "laves from History #e,t$oo2s& 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e (apanese notorio s militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ? ;nglish versions title( @ "Kiss Me" , an/ "Kiss Me Girl" , urge people to remem-er (apan2s +ar crimes inclu/ing Nan>ing Massacre an/ "e, "laves& "e, "lave history erase( from te,tsL Japanese 'A9 apology ne,t +& Note it Ciss e( $y then Chief Ca$inet "ecretary 1ohei KonoD was a 0ersonal apology) which was N;V;R approve( $y the Japanese parliament&

Japan ref se( to comment on former Japanese 0M 1as hiro Na2asone's memoirs of his service as a naval officer an( he personally set p a military $rothel /uring War& (apan cannot contain its ,ury over N&9orea2s ,ailure to =sincerely= ,ace up to its role in 1i/napping a )an/,ul o, (apanese civilians /uring t)e .ol/ War an/ ,orcing t)em to teac) (apanese customs an/ language to N&9orean spies& =#he Japanese $ecome very emotional a$o t the a$( ctees $eca se the victims are Japanese&&& 'hat /$e is (eman(ing from N&Korea) an apology an( p nishment for the people who (i( it) sho l( $e the same stan(ar( he applies on comfort women&= says 0os)imi 0os)ia1i, a .)uo University pro,essor an/ co<c)airman o, t)e .enter ,or Cesearc) an/ Documentation on (apan2s War Cesponsi-ility& =8)ey +ere rape/ -y t)e (apanese military,= sai/ 8)omas Sc)ie,,er, t)e U&S& am-assa/or to (apan& 'hat is the (ifference $etween no coercion in recr itment an( the coercion in the comfort stations) which (eprive( "e, "laves of h man rights + #he Japanese ca$inet co ncil is playing with wor(s& (apan is insisting t)at N&9orea s)oul/ ,ree " (apanese +)o )a/ -een 1i/nappe/ -y N&9orea, or it +oul/ not participate in economic ai/ ,or N&9orea t)at +as agree/ to at t)e six<party tal1s& 7 t what a$o t the the ?::)::: "e, "laves 2i(nappe( $y Japan + N&Korea lea(er Kim Jong!il ac2nowle(ge( the 2i(napping of the Japanese& 'hy won't /$e ac2nowle(ge an( apologize for the coercion of "e, "laves +& M#he Japanese military itself newly $ ilt this system) too2 the initiative to create this system) maintaine( it an( e,pan(e( it) an( violate( h man rights=, sai/ 0os)ia1i 0os)imi, t)e (apanese )istory pro,essor at .)uo University +)o /iscovere/ t)e conclusive evi/ences t)at ,orce/ (apanese Dovernment to apology in "??!& Since t)en, le/ to years o, )arassment ,rom t)e rig)t +ing, )e sai/, inclu/ing nig)tly p)one calls& (apan government )a/ al+ays maintaine/ t)at t)ere +ere no o,,icial /ocuments to prove t)e military2s role in esta-lis)ing t)e -rot)els& 8o 0os)ia1i 0os)imi, A-e2s /enial soun/e/ ,amiliar, -ecause it was his (iscovery of the official (oc ments that force( Japanese 0M /$e now to change a $it $y saying that there were no official (oc ments to prove that the military forci$ly proc re( the women, t)ere-y /iscounting ot)er evi/ence, inclu/ing t)e testimony o, ,ormer sex slaves& 8)e emp)asis on o,,icial /ocuments )as long -een part o, (apan2s government strategy to +)ite+as) +ar crimes& 6ecause =if yo can't se anything e,cept official (oc ments) history itself is impossi$le to el ci(ate=, sai/ 0os)imi& =#here are things that are never written in official (oc ments=, )e sai/& =#hat they were forci$ly recr ite( that's the 2in( of thing that wo l( have never $een written in the first place=& Not to mention t)at in t)e ; +ee1s -et+een (apan2s surren/er an/ t)e arrival o, US occupation ,orces, Japan lea(ers incinerate( so many potentially incriminating (oc ments that the #o2yo s2y was sai( to $e $lac2 with smo2e& 8)e ,e+ o,,icial (oc ments that he ha( (iscovere() s rvive( only $eca se they ha( $een move( ?4 miles +est o, central 8o1yo ?

-e,ore t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, Mr& 0os)imi sai/& 8o/ay, (apan re,uses to release /ocuments t)at )istorians -elieve )ave survive/ an/ +oul/ s)e/ lig)t on (apan2s +artime )istory& 7ronically, t)e Japanese 'A9 apology states that "&&&&#he Government st (y has reveale( that in many cases they were recr ite( against their own will) thro gh coa,ing coercion) etc&) an( that) at times) a(ministrativeJmilitary personnel (irectly too2 part in the recr itments&&&&&= 9o1en 8suc)iya, t)e former presi(ent of the Japan 7ar /ssociation criticize( Japan for (enying the force( "e, "lavery, =#ho gh Japanese politicians are calling for a reinvestigation) it wo l( $e meaningless nless it is $ase( on metic lo s research& 3t is far!fetche( that they $elieve the victims were not coerce( only $eca se official recor(s (onMt say the wor( Ucoerce&M=& He as1s (apan to open p store( recor(s on 'comfort women'& %" Congressional Research "ervice CCR"D report conclu/e/ t)at (apan2s +ar crimes ac1no+le/gments )ave -een +ea1ene/ in t)e eyes o, many -y relate/ controversies over (apan2s )istoric recor/, e&g& 9oi5umi2s visits to 0asa1uni S)rine, History text-oo1, an/ statements -y in/ivi/ual (apanese political lea/ers& =A-e government2s /enial o, any evi/ence o, military coercion in recruitment goes against t)e testimony ,ormer com,ort to (apanese government researc)es +)o compile/ t)e "??;<"??! government report an/ t)e testimony o, ,orce/ recruitment -y nearly ;## ,ormer com,ort +oment ,rom /i,,erent Asian countries an/ t)e Net)erlan/s o, t)e B## plus testimonies cite/ in 1 2i #ana2a's $oo2) Japan's Comfort 'omen=&

0o') "lave <a$orers ! 3nh man "lavery Crime

#his large scale of "lavery Crime is (efinitely the worst war crime case of massive slavery violation against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r H man History& Japan ha( s rpasse( Nazi in $oth the n m$er an( $r talities of sing the "laves in $oth 7efore an( * ring the 'ar& =#he Japanese were r nning no less than the $iggest "lave shipping operation since the mi((le passage) the /frican "lave #ra(e,= .ali,ornia -ase/ la+yer 6arry 'is)er sai/& Millions o, so<calle/ =romus)a= Asians +or1e/ as Slaves ,orce/ -y t)e (apanese across Asia Paci,ic& 3t is estimate( more than 54 Million /sian an( 0o's were se( as "laves an/ only ,raction o, t)e survivors may still -e alive& Alt)oug) Japan ha( (estroye( most of its war (oc ments to conceal its crimes) what can almost $e certain is that) Japan ha( s rpasse( Nazi German in $oth the N m$er an( 7r talities o, using t)e Slaves in -ot) 6e,ore an/ During t)e War& More shoc2ing is that the (eath rate in Nazi!r n 0o' camps was 5&5 FL $ t in :#

Japanese prisoner camps it was a staggering 94&8 F, accor/ing to #he Center for Civilian 3nternee Right) 3nc&& 6ut, t)e Most shoc2ing fact is that the *eath rate in the Japan's /sian "lave Camps was even higher than the 0o' Camps& 7n t)e so<calle/ Hanao2a 3nci(ent, a-out "## Slaves +ere 1ille/ in ! /ays a,ter t)e unsuccess,ul escape& 7n total, more t)an B": o, t)e nearly ",### men sent to Hanao2a +ere /ea/ -y t)e en/ o, War& "hoc2ing fact is that) Hanao2a was har(ly the worst site& 8)e (eath co nt was even higher at other /sian "lave Camps in Japan& 8)oug) t)e Na5i regime lost t)e +ar, Derman companies pro,ite/ ,rom Slave la-or& German 3n( strial 'ealth was 58 times larger /fter the war than in 5A9A $y sing "lave la$orers accor/ing to economic )istorian Dietric) @ic))ol5& Ain/a Doet5 Holmes /etails in )er -oo1 %n> st ;nrichment@ How Japan's companies $ ilt postwar fort nes sing /merican 0o's& /t least ?)8:: /merican 0o' as "lave la$ore( in the factories) mines an( shipyar(s of Mits $ishi s $si(iaries& @xactly li1e /<< t)e Western colonial countries , Japan also $ecame a rich co ntry mainly thro gh vario s $r tal colonial Crimes& 'or /etails, re,er to Criminal ;nrichment against H manity ! ;,tortion = <ooting of /sia& 7n "?!?, t)e (apanese government passe/ t)e National Deneral Mo-ili5ation la+, +)ic) ,orce/ all colonial su-jects, inclu/ing 9oreans, an/ .)inese in 8ai+an an/ Manc)uria, to +or1 +)erever nee/e/ -y 8o1yo& During t)e +ar, (apan set up numerous Slave .amps all over Asia& Accor/ing to (apanese o,,icial recor/, in Japan alone) there were 594 "lave Camps ,or 94 Japanese companies) ?? of which are still in $ siness& 7n t)e late "?!#s, (apanese army -egan +)at it eup)emistically calle/ "pacification" campaigns to sei5e +or1ers ,or Manc)uria2s mines an/ ,actories& =/t least A Million northern Chinese an( their families were coerce( or tric2e( into going to Manch ria) where they were se( as force( la$orers,= accor/ing to He 8ianyi, a sc)olar& Prisoners +ere )el/ in concentration camps, t)en )an/e/ over to (apanese companies in Manc)uria << for a fee& :"

7t is also 1no+n as t)e =Comp lsory "eiz re Campaign") $etter 2nown as "<a$orer H nting") in which the Japanese army 2i(nappe( Chinese an( e,porte( them to Japan to wor2 as "laves at mines, construction sites an/ /oc1s ,rom 9yus)u to Ho11ai/o& 8)e overall o,,icial /eat) rate o, " &$ percent, more t)an one in % in -arely ; years o, operation& "ome in(ivi( al wor2 sites poste( (eath rates in e,cess of 4: F& .ruelty +as a central ,eature o, supervision an/ t)ere +ere no /ays o,,& 'oo/, clot)ing an/ s)elter +ere provi/e/ at, an/ in many cases -elo+, survival t)res)ol/ levels& 'ailure to meet /eman/ing pro/uction *uotas resulte/ in -eatings an/ re/uction o, meager ,oo/ rations& "ome wor2ers were re( ce( to wearing (iscar(e( cement sac2s with arm holes c t into them& 'or /etails, re,er to Chinese .orce( <a$or) Japanese Government an( 0rospects for Re(ress& A,ter "?!?, t)e )istorians calculate, t)e num-er o, Asians Slaves 1ept in one .)i1u)o region only )a/ s+elle/ to over a Million& Accor/ing to (apanese current ,oreign minister 8aro Aso ,amily2s Aso Mining .ompany2s o+n statistics, in Mar& "?BB, it )a/ a total o, ,??% 9orean la-orers& !## Allie/ PoW +ere enslave/ at t)e Aso 0os)i1uma coal mine or 1n+on as t)e 'u1uo1a PoW 6ranc) .amp No& ;%& Japanese c rrent foreign minister #aro /so himself ran the . 2 o2a company from 5A89!8A, an/ continues to maintain )is relations)ip +it) t)e ,irm& =7eca se /so's family connection gave him the opport nity to a((ress wrongs in the firm) an( he (i( not (o so,= ma1ing )im an unsuita-le ,oreign minister -y Derman stan/ar/s accor/ing to Derman @m-assy o,,icial in 8o1yo& (apanese 'oreign Ministry in 8o1yo /i/ not respon/ to in*uiries on t)e issue& 'ormer Slave Aiu Aianren +as a-/ucte/ in "?BB, one mont) -e,ore )is sonLs -irt)& Una+are t)e +ar )a/ en/e/, Aiu )i/ in t)e mountains o, Ho11ai/o an/ emerge/ ,rom a sno+ cave in 'e- "?$:& At t)e time No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48& 7ronically, 9is)i government procee/e/ to investigate Aiu ,or entering (apan illegally& Aiu angrily /eman/e/ compensation ,or )is a-/uction an/ ,orce/ la-or, telling reporters to as2 Class!/ war Criminal s spect Japan's 0rime Minster Kishi how he ha( come to $e in the co ntry& He t rne( (own the Japanese governmentMs proffere( envelope containing 5::)::: yen in sympathy money an/ returne/ to .)ina )ome as national )ero an/ met )is "B<year<ol/ son ,or t)e ,irst time&

:;

8)e 8o1yo District .ourt in (uly ;##" or/ere/ (apanese Dovernment to compensate )is ,amily, -ut t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt overturne/ t)e ruling in ;##$& 7n "?BB, (apanese government issue/ its -rutal "G i(elines for Controlling 3mporte( Chinese <a$orers" to ;N"%R; t)at t)e living con(itions were p rposely ma(e as wretche( as possi$le an( "laves were (eli$erately treate( harshly which were even ;N.-RC;* $y reg lar inspections, i&e& in,erior clot)ing, overcro+/e/ sleeping *uarters, primitive sanitation, no -at)ing ,acilities, limite/ me/ical care, minimal amounts o, poorest *uality ,oo/, to -e +it))el/ as necessary to crus) t)eir +ill to resist& Accor/ing to t)e Japanese official .oreign Ministry Report !:,?!$ .)inese Slaves -roug)t to (apan& E5? "laves (ie( ( ring transit& 3n total) 6)E9: Chinese "laves (ie( e,cl (ing tho san(s (ie( in (etention or 2ille( to escape& 7n (une "?BB, -ase/ on t)e recommen/ations -y Honma 'usa1ic)i +)o serve/ as 9is)i2s /eputy ca-inet secretary, t)e (apanese 7nterior Ministry issue/ Slave gui/elines calle/ =Reference *oc ments for %se of Chinese 'or2ers= : =Cegar/ing living *uarters, the ceiling sho l( not $e more than V5: cmW higher than wor2ers' hea(s when they are seate(& #hen we co l( more than (o $le the n m$er of wor2ers presently in camps& 7athing facilities are especially e,cessive an( are not necessary for Chinese wor2ers &&&&& =3f yo give them only a little foo() they will $e tense an( their wor2 pro( ctivity will improve &&&&& 7t may -e /i,,icult to re/uce ,oo/ rations rig)t a+ay, so you can start +it) t)e sic1 an/ +or1ers +)o )ave -een resting& Or, it s)oul/ -e possi-le to re( ce foo( rations $y a small amo nt every (ay &&&&& 3f yo allot them twice as m ch wor2 as Japanese or Koreans) it will $e more effective &&&&& #he Chinese are a race naffecte( $y feelings &&&&& 7t is true t)at t)e .)inese )ave loving ,eelings ,or t)eir )omelan/ an/ t)e graves o, t)eir ancestors& 6ut they never she( real tears& #ears for people li2e them are s2illf l acting &&&&&= 8)e 3nvestigator Report for /shio incl (e( the following n m$ere( (irectives from #ochigi police : 3;4& 6e overpo+ering as met)o/ o, control &&&&& 3!4& W)en you capture runa+ays, /o not let t)em return to t)eir camp an/ +or1 again& 37, t)ey are allo+e/ to return, ot)er +or1ers +ill -e relieve/ to see t)at runa+ays are not 1ille/, causing ot)ers to ,lee4 &&&&& 3$4& Ma2e the living I arters as sha$$y as possi$le &&&&& 3%4& Ma2e the foo( as poor as possi$le an/ consi/er it to -e ,o//er &&&&& 7n Apr "?B$, 9ajima ma/e an in<company trans,er o, ;:# la-orers ,rom an 7+ate mine to an 7-ara1i mine& 4: F of these men (ie(& #he 3$ara2i wor2site reporte( that none of them :!

co l( get off the train nassiste( an( 8: F of them co l( not wal2 at all /ue to eye, lung an/ intestines illnesses& 8)e )ig) /eat) toll +as t)en s)amelessly -lame/ on t)e Slaves t)emselves, as /escri-e/ in a Ka>ima Corp& "ite Report : =Chinese wor2ers lac2 any concept of sanitation &&&&& most s1in /isor/ers +ere -roug)t +it) t)em ,rom .)ina &&&&& 8)e cause o, gastroenteritis is tracea-le to living environments in .)ina& 7n a//ition to )aving +ea1 -o/ies an/ +ea1 resistance, they lac2 a personal sense of hygiene an( neglect their health& .or e,ample) they stealthily pic2 p an( eat rotten leftover foo( that has $een thrown away, resulting in colon -acillus an/ ma1ing activity /i,,icult&= 8)ere,ore, a,ter t)e +ar, (apanese government imme/iately instructe/ (apanese corporations to -urn all Slave recor/s to conceal slavery crimes& NH9 re,erre/ to a committee report t)at explicitly speci,ie/ 9 (ays of (oc ment!$ rning commence( on / g 56 at the (irection of the M nitions Ministry, an/ to implement a /e,ense strategy ,or preventing Slave crime investigations ,rom sprea/ing -eyon/ Hanao2a& 7n an "3mportant Notice for 0reparing Name Rosters", Ho11ai/o pre,ectural police /irecte/ to+n o,,ices an/ local p)ysicians to falsify (eath certificates $y omitting references to starvation) overwor2) tort re an( s ici(e& =Ca ses of (eath s ch as maln trition) starvation) s ici(e an( (eath $y occ pational in> ry sho l( $e rewritten &&&&& 8)e re+riting o, /eat) certi,icates s)oul/ -e coor/inate/ +it) /octors an/ local pu-lic o,,icials&= Otomo 'u1uo, a MO'A investigators, tol/ NH9 t)at in one railroa( wor2site in Ho22ai(o) ?6 o t of A: (eath certificates ha( $een rewritten an( falsifie( on police or(ers& 8)e site report for Mits $ishiMs Kats ta mine in . 2 o2a even claime( that Chinese were fe( $etter than Japanese) an( wor2e( only E!ho r (ays with escorte( trips o t of the camp on holi(ays& Ho+ever, in "??!, (apanese NH9 8G -roa/caste/ a special calle/ =#he 0hantom .oreign Ministry Report@ #he Recor( of Chinese .orce( <a$or=& 7t /etails (apanese o,,icial -rutal .)inese Slave system& 8)e /ocumentary +as a+ar/e/ t)e top pri5e at t)e "??! Asia 8G 6roa/casting 'estival& NH9 also pu-lis)e/ a ;BB<page -oo1 +it) t)e same title in "??B& NHK pro( cer o$taine( the long!s ppresse( Japanese official 4!vol me of 6G6!page ".oreign Ministry Report" C.MRD an( relate( (oc ments ,rom .)en 9un+ang o, t)e 8o1yo -ranc) o, t)e Overseas .)inese Association, an/ Otomo 'u1uo, an o,,icial MO'A investigators /ispatc)e/ to +or1sites& .)en tol/ NH9 t)at someone connecte( to M-./) (iso$eying or(ers to (estroy the recor(s) secretly gave him via a mi((leman& 7n ;##;, t)e /eclassi,ie/ Ministry o, 'oreign A,,airs /ocuments clearly reveale/ t)at t)e =voluntary contract la-or= +as a cover<up /evise/ -y t)e (apanese 9is)i government +)o aut)ori5e/ t)e Slave sc)eme& (apanese government t)en c)ange/ its position an/ insiste/ t)at :B

t)e program )a/ only consiste/ o, =)al,<,orce/= la-or& A,ter a series o, court procee/ings Japanese government finally was force( to ac2nowle(ge the e,istence of .MR Chinese "lave report an( ha( to offer an apology in (uly ;##!& 'or /etails, re,er to #he Japanese Co rt) Mits $ishi an( Corporate Resistance to Chinese .orce( <a$or Re(ress, an/ t)e Resolving the 'artime .orce( <a$or Compensation K estion& A,ter t)e +ar, t)e a-use o, t)e allie/ PoWs in Slave camps +as vigorously prosecute/& 6ut in cases, +)ere t)e victims +ere .)inese Slaves, o,ten igonore/& e&g& 7n 0o1o)ama +ar crimes trials )an/e/ /o+n %# guilty ver/icts inclu/ing : /eat) sentences ,or atrocities against Allie/ PoWs in Niigata Pre,ecture& 7 t N- charges were even file( for the Chinese "laves enslave( at the "/M; port facilities an( were #'3C; as li2ely to have (ie(& Most (apanese construction an/ mining companies +on2t even say i, t)ey use/ Slave la-or or not& 8)e /ocuments, t)ey argue, +as lost in t)e =con,usion= at t)e en/ o, t)e +ar& 'e+ survivors are no+ ,ig)ting ,or apologies an/ compensation in court& ='e are not s re if we will see the en( of this fight Vagainst Ka>imaW)" 'an says& "#hat is why we are passing it on to o r chil(ren&= %sing the o$vio s %&"& (o $le!stan(ar( in the #o2yo #rials) Japanese company Mits $ishi asserte( that the lac2 of "lave 'ar Crimes prosec tions against the company proves its innocence in t)e Slave la+suits& 7n t)e court, Mitsu-is)i not only /enie/ t)e )istorical ,acts routinely recogni5e/ -y ot)er (apanese courts, also criticise/ 8o1yo 8rials, even openly I estioning whether Japan ever "inva(e(" China at all& Numerous in)uman "lave Camps +ere esta-lis)e/ in (apan an/ all Asia& 8)e so calle/ =Hanao2a 3nci(ent ! Ka>ima's #hrone of 7loo(= +as pro-a-ly one o, t)e many similar =inci/ents=& 7t +oul/ never )ave -ecome an inci/ent i, American occupation aut)orities )a/ not caug)t employees o, 9ajima Dumi /igging up a Mass "lave Grave to )i/e t)eir .)inese Slaves2 -ones& 8)e Slaves, recapt re( after an ns ccessf l prising& More than G:: Chinese "laves 2ille(& Many +ere torture/ to /eat) /uring t)e non<stop ! /ays an/ ! nig)ts torture +it)out any ,oo/ or +ater in t)e summer nig)t o, "?B$& 7t +as piece/ toget)er -y No5ue 9enji an/ 0ac)ita 8suneo in t)eir years long searc) ,or t)e trut)& 0asuo 8ogas)i +as ? +)en )e an/ )is neig)-ors c)eere/ +)en t)e -one<t)in escapees +ere recapture/& ='e tho ght the Chinese weren't even h man) an( we were happy when they were ca ght& Now) 3 feel nothing $ t remorse&= sai/ 8ogas)i, %?, a retire/ teac)er& 6ac1 in .)ina, un,ortunately, many Slave survivors continue/ to su,,er a,ter t)e +ar, p)ysically an/ socially& 7n ;##B, .ui S)ujin visite/ 'u1uo1a an/ presente/ a =Sa,e1eeping :$

Gouc)er= ,or ",;$# yen in unpai/ +ages to t)e Moji .ustoms O,,ice, +)ic) /ecline/ )is re*uest to re/eem t)e vouc)er ,or cas)& .ui sai/ everyone else secretly $ rne( theirs /uring t)e C lt ral Revol tion -ecause (iscovery of s ch a (irect lin2 to Japan co l( have res lte( in e,ec tion as a Japanese spy& 7nitially, t)e .)inese government /i/ not even ma1e NHK's tas2 of filming in .)ina easy& Only in "??$, .)ina )a/ ,inally allo+ victims to ,ile la+suits in (apanese courts& A-out 8? wartime "laves compensation laws its were file( -et+een t)e "??#s an/ ;##B& An oral )istories o, %## .)inese Slaves +ere also pu-lis)e/ in a $<volume collection in ;##$& A,ter t)e +ar, 9orean Slaves imme/iately -egan /eman/ing t)eir unpai/ +ages& 7n "?B%, t)e (apanese government *uietly instructe/ companies to /eposit t)e 9orean an/ .)inese Slaves relate/ +ages, monies, an/ also t)e money t)at +as never pai/ out to 9orean sol/iers an/ civilians +)o +or1e/ ,or t)e (apanese military& Ho+ever, Japan never trie( to notify the "laves or their families& Only recently (apan reluctantly a/mits t)at t)e monies are still -eing )el/& 7t )as -een con,irme/ Korean "lave relate( money still $eing hel( amo nts to %"H ? million una/juste/ ,or %# years o, compoun/ interest an/ in,lation& 7t )as also -een confirme( that Mo>i C stoms -ffice alone to(ay hol(s Chinese "lave relate( money of %"H 8: million una/juste/ ,or %# years o, compoun/ interest an/ in,lation& (apanese companies not only /irectly -ene,ite/ ,rom t)e un<pai/ .)inese Slaves /uring t)e +ar, -ut also -ene,ite/ +it)out paying any compensation to t)e Slaves a,ter t)e +ar& 3ronically) after the war in 5AG6, /ll 94 Japanese companies receive( genero s compensation from Japanese government) i&e& %"H 46: Millions) for their claime( losses of sing the n!pai( Chinese "laves& A /ocument uncovere/ -y #he .act!.in(ing #eam on #r th a$o t .orce( Korean <a$orers, at t)e National Arc)ives /etaile/ a (apanese ca-inet /ecision in "?BB regar/ing a plan to conscript a total o, ;?#,### 9oreans to provi/e +or1,orces to all parts o, (apan& 7t sai/ t)at ""?," # +ere ta1en to =coal mountain,= !:,:!" to =metal mountain,= B,#!# to =construction,= an/ $ ,?%? to =,actories an/ ot)ers&= As ,or 'u1uo1a pre,ecture +)ere t)e largest num-er o, 9oreans +ere ,orce/ to +or1 /uring WW77, t)e /ata re,erre/ to it as =coal mountain $#,$;$&= 8)e recor/ also provi/e/ a ne+ ,act t)at !,!%$ 9oreans +ere ta1en to .)i-a pre,ecture& 7n ;##$, S&9orean government /isclose/ all /ocuments o, t)e normali5ation tal1s in "?%$ +it) (apan& S&9orean in,orme/ t)e (apan t)at 5&:9 million "&Koreans were force( to wor2 for the Japanese military or companies, an/ t)e ,inancial /amages t)ey su,,ere/ excee/e/ N!## million& 8)ey agree/ t)at (apan +oul/ provi/e economic assistance N!## million in grants an/ N;## million in loans& 7n exc)ange, S&9orea un/er t)e military government le/ -y Par1 .)ung Hee, n(er %&"& press re, agree/ to a-an/on its rig)ts to claim compensation ,rom (apan& #he "0olitical "ettlement" spar2e( o trage among "&Koreans saying Japan e,ploite( their poverty (irectly ca se( $y Japanese colonization& 7n Aug ;##$, S&9orea :%

/eclare/ t)at its "?%$ 8reaty /oes not erase (apan2s legal responsi-ility ,or Sex Slaves an/ Slave la-orers& Nort) 9orea claime/ t)at (apan )a/ ,orce/ E&G million Koreans to go to Japan) mainly as "laves /uring its coloni5ation& 7n ;##!, a list o, Sout) 9orean victims compulsorily mo-ili5e/ -y t)e (apanese imperialists +as ma/e pu-lic /isplay in Seoul ,or t)e ,irst time& 8)e list o, B"!,B# people +as t)e result o, t)e e,,orts ,or !# years o, t)e 7nvestigation 8eam on t)e 8rut) a-out 'orce/ 9orean Aa-orers in (apan, compose/ o, 9orean an/ (apanese sc)olars an/ researc)ers& S&9orean .ongress+oman 9im stresse/, =#he n m$er of victims incl (ing force( la$orers) those (rafte( for military service) se, slaves) is a$o t 8&4 Millions&= A-out "$ P o, visitors ,oun/ t)eir names on t)e list& 7n 'e- ;##%, A (apanese citi5ens2 group le/ -y Atsu1o Aoyagi +)o supports t)e 9oreans +)o +ere presse/ into military service or ,orce/ Slaves, pu-lis)e/ a -oo1 explaining t)e 9orean la+suits& 8)e group plans to ta2e the $oo2 to the %&N& H man Rights Commission, along +it) a petition calling on (apan to compensate t)e 9orean& Names) 7ones an( %npai( 'ages@ Reparations for Korean .orce( <a$or ! 0art 5 ) 0art ?& 7n 7n/onesia, t)e ,ormer Slaves la-orers are 1no+n as =Comus)as=& 8)e (apanese roun/e/ up t)e Comus)as /uring occupation o, +)at +as t)en a Dutc) colony in t)e @ast 7n/ies an/ sent to +or1 in roa/, rail+ays an/ -ri/ge& 7n "??!, 5?)A?9 former 3n(onesian "laves ha( registere( (eman(ing compensation ,rom t)e (apanese government& On Dec , "?B", (apanese pilot Mitsuo 'uc)i/a le/ (apan2s attac1 on t)e US -ase at 0earl Har$or& 7t +as 'uc)i/a2s airplane ,rom +)ic) +as transmitte/ t)e ra/io signal =#oraB #oraB #oraB=, in/icating t)at a success,ul attac1 +as un/er+ay& Ho+ever, it +as a strategic fail re for Japan& On Aug %, "?B$, Paul 8i--ets ,le+ t)e ;nola Gay) the 7!?A $om$er an/ /roppe/ t)e atomic -om- =<ittle 7oy= on Hiros)ima& Aug& ? anot)er atomic -om- =.at Man= explo/e/ on Nagasa1i& August "$ (apan surren/ere/& 8i--ets recalle/ a meeting +it) (apanese pilot Mitsuo 'uc)i/a +)o transmitte/ t)e ra/io signal =#oraB #oraB #oraB= in/icating t)at a success,ul 0earl Har$or attac1 +as un/er+ay& 'uc)i/a tol/ )im, = 1o (i( the right thing& 1o 2now the Japanese attit (e at that time) how fanatic they were) they'( (ie for the ;mperor& Can yo imagine what a sla ghter it wo l( $e to inva(e Japan += 'uc)i/a continue/& =7t +oul/ )ave -een terri-le& 0ou /i/ t)e rig)t t)ing& 8)e (apanese people 1no+ more a-out t)at t)an t)e American pu-lic +ill ever 1no+&= :

0a l #i$$ets has $een cre(ite( -y t)ousan/s o, ,ormer PoW, sol/iers an/ civilians inclu/ing (apanese, in all Asian countries ,or saving t)eir lives& 8)e /tomic 7om$s also prevente/ t)e utter /estruction o, t)e (apanese mainlan/, an/ t)e /eat)s o, millions o, (apanese civilians +)o +oul/ )ave ,oug)t to t)eir /eat)s& A man ,rom West Australia +rote in t)e guest -oo1 at t)e science museum at t)e <os /lamos National <a$oratory : =My mot)er, sister an/ 7 +ere in a PoW camp in (ava 3Dja1arta4 +)en t)e ,irst -om- +ent o,,& /s a reprisal) the Japanese were going to place all the camp resi(ents in $arges an( sin2 them in the Java "ea& #he ?n( $om$ save( o r lives !! an( all those innocent women an( chil(ren hel( in 0o' camps all over (ava an/ Sumatra an/ no /ou-t else+)ere& 3 am gratef l&= M/s2 me to (o it again n(er the same circ mstances) 3 wo l(n't hesitate,O Paul 8i--ets sai/ /uring a -rie, meeting +it) reporters& M7 t)in1 7 /i/ t)e rig)t t)ing&O (apan, /riven -y t)e ,ren5y o, Militarism, committe/ nspea2a$le war crimes an( atrocities of s ch great magnit (e an( (iversities n!matche( even $y the Nazi& 'ollo+ing ta-le is a comparison o, atrocities against U&S& PoW : 7y Nazis 7y Japan %" 0o' capt re( = interne( in ''33 %" 0o' *3;* while interne( %" civilians capt re( = interne( in ''33 %" civilians *3;* while interne( ?!,?B" ",";" 3"&" P4 B, B? "%: 3!&$ P4 !%,;%# ";,?$" 3 94&8 F 4 "!,??% ",$!% 3 55 F 4

Source: #he Center for Civilian 3nternee Right) 3nc&

.linton (ennings o, San 'rancisco survive/ t)roug) t)e savage 7ataan *eath March to prison .amp O2Donnell on April ?, "?B;& 7t +as # miles $ /ays $ nig)ts /eat) marc) in "## /egree )eat, /eprive/ o, ,oo/ an/ +ater, "#,### o, #,### US an/ 'ilipinos PoWs /ie/& =7, a ,ello+ ,ell /o+n, )e +as eit)er s)ot, -ayonette/ or -eaten to /eat)& 7 sa+ -o/ies strung along t)e )ig)+ay&= recalle/ Merle Aype o, 8)omas-oro& At a rail)ea/, t)ey +ere loa/e/ into )ot, cro+/e/ -ox cars& =7, you /ie/ in t)ere, you coul/n2t ,all to t)e ,loor even,= sai/ Cutter& At t)eir eventual /estination, .amp O2Donnell, $B,### ::

prisoners +ere cramme/ into ,acilities -uilt ,or a ,raction as many people& Malaria, /ysentery an/ malnutrition 1ille/ anot)er ;#,###& 8)ey +ere t)en transporte/ to (apan in =Hell "hips= an/ else+)ere as slave la-orer in ; mont)s trip, +it) little protection ,rom t)e (anuary col/& "the holes of the ship with > st eno gh room to lie (own hea( to toe)" an( fe( "a small $owl of rice an( a half a c p of water per (ay&" =We +ere t)ro+ing American -o/ies over-oar/ at t)e rate o, !#, t)en B#, t)en $# a /ay all t)e +ay to (apan,= Mel Cosen sai/, =#he 7ataan *eath March was a " n(ay stroll compare( to the 9 Hell "hips&= Only ;## to !## o, t)e ",%## prisoners loa/e/ on t)e "st s)ip ma/e it to (apan& W)en Cosen arrive/ in (apan, )is +eig)t )a/ /roppe/ ,rom "$$ to :: l-s& -f the 5?)::: %" 0o' at 7ataan) only G)::: were alive $y the en( of war& 'or !<">B years, Melvin Coutt toile/ in coal mines& His +eig)t /roppe/ ,rom "%! poun/s to :!& Ai1e millions in Asia, Coutt an/ (ennings +ere U&S& PoW victims o, t)e (apanese Army2s +artime -rutality& 8)ey +ere use/ as slave la-orers in violation o, t)e 7nternational War .onventions& 7n t)e "an(a2an *eath March, ;,B## Australian an/ 6ritis) PoWs in 6orneo +ere ,orce to marc) to Canau, ;$# 1m a+ay t)roug) t)e jungle in ! separate marc)es& On ;: (an& "?B$, B # prisoners set o,,, +it) only !"! arriving in Canau& On t)e ;n/ marc), $ # starte/ ,rom San/a1an, -ut only "": reac)e/ Canau& 8)e !r/ marc) comprise/ $! prisoners& 8)e marc) route +as t)roug) virgin jungle in,este/ +it) croco/iles, sna1es an/ +il/ pigs, an/ some o, t)e prisoners )a/ no -oots& Cations +ere less t)an minimal& 8)e marc) too1 nearly a year to complete& At t)e time o, t)e (apanese surren/er on "$ Aug& "?B$, only 6 / stralians of the ?)G:: 0o's ha( s rvive( the horrors of the "an(a2an war camp an( the "an(a2an *eath Marches&& 8)ey survive/ -ecause t)ey +ere a-le to escape ,rom t)e camp at Canau, or escape/ /uring t)e marc) ,rom San/a1an& No 6ritis) PoWs survive/& 8)e mines at 9in1ase1i, near to+n o, .)inguas)i, 8ai+an, -oaste/ t)e largest copper output in (apanese empire& 6ut t)e Con(itions at Kin2ase2i were worse than any of #aiwan's other 54 0o' camps& 8)e PoWs +ere ,orce/ to marc) /aily up an/ over a )ig) ri/ge to t)e mine entrance < t)e Hellhole of Kin2ase2i& 8)e PoWs +ere ,orce/ to +or1 in unsta-le s)a,ts ami/ temperatures t)at reac)e/ as )ig) as $$ /egrees . 3"!# '4& 8)e torture, /egra/ation an/ slo+ starvation -ecame +orse as t)e +ar continue/, is -est /escri-e/ -y 9in1ase1i inmate (ac1 @/+ar/s, /ogge/ly unapologetic a-out )is -oo12s title = 7anzai 1o 7astar(s B =& 8)e (apanese version is title/ = *rop *ea() Jap 7astar(s B = :?

;##,### Asian Slaves ,rom 7n/ia, .)ina, 7n/onesia, Malaysia, Singapore, 6urma an/ 8)ailan/, an/ %#,### PoWs +ere ,orce/ to construct t)e in,amous B"$ 1m *eath Railway ! #hai!7 rma Railway, as supply line ,or t)e (apanese army to ,ig)t 6ritis) 7n/ia, +)ic) +as ma/e in,amous -y t)e movie < 7ri(ge on the River Kwai& A-out "##,### Asian Slaves an/ "%,### PoWs /ie/ /escri-e/ -y .ameron 'or-es in )is -oo1 Hellfire as i, +as = $ ilt on the 7ones of the *ea(=, i&e& !## /eat) ,or eac) 1m& 8)e PoWs an/ Slaves +ere ,orce/ to -uil/ t)e rail+ay -et+een its garrisons in 8)ailan/ an/ Myanmar 36urma4 t)roug) some o, t)e +orl/2s most in)ospita-le, /isease<ri//en terrain +it) virtually no me/icine, ,e/ rotting rice +it) occasional -its o, maggot<ri//en meat an/ -eaten -y sa/istic guar/s +it) nic1names li1e Dr& Deat) an/ 8)e Maggot& (apanese engineers suggeste/ t)at it +oul/ ta1e at least $ years to -uil/, -ut t)e (apanese army ,orce/ t)e prisoners to complete it in only "% mont)s& 8)e (apanese starte/ a =spee/o= campaign, alrea/y intolera-le +or1ing )ours +ere pus)e/ to ": )ours a /ay& 8)e greatest /isplay o, (apanese -rutality /uring t)e "B mont)s o, t)e rail+ay2s construction came at Hellfire 0ass, +)ere PoWs )a/ to cut t)roug) $!! meters o, s)eer roc1 to a /ept) o, up to ;# meters +it) only primitive tools /uring torrential monsoon rains& =3t was li2e a scene o t of *ante's 3nferno,= +rote one PoW, Hug) .lar1e, in an image +)ic) gave t)e pass its name& Wor1ing at nig)t un/er oil lamps an/ ,ires, t)e PoWs seeme/ to -e la$oring in the >aws of Hell& 8a1as)i Nagase +as a military interpreter ,or t)e /rea/e/ Japanese Kempeitai in t)e prison camp o, t)e Cail+ay& Nagase +ants to re/eem -y 7 il(ing 7ri(ges -ver Hate& He wants the Railway of *eath to $e (esignate( a 'orl( Heritage "ite to remin/ (apanese o, t)eir past -rutalities& Anot)er movie Ret rn from the River Kwai, ma/e in "?::, )as never -een release/ in Nort) American mar1ets& 7ts pro/ucer 9urt Unger sue/ Japanese "ony Corporation an/ see1ing N"$ million in /amage ,or -loc1ing release t)e movie& 7t tells t)e story o, allie/ PoW -eing s)ippe/ ,rom 8)ailan/ to (apan to +or1 as slave la-orers in coal mines& 8)e s)ips +ere calle/ =Hell "hips= -y t)e PoW an/ some o, t)ese hell ships inclu/ing /risan Mar an/ Ra2 yo Mar +ere torpe/oe/ an/ sun1 -y US su-marines +it) )eavy loss o, li,e -ecause t)e (apanese re,use/ to mar1 t)e s)ips to allo+ allie/ ,orces to /istinguis) t)em ,rom com-atant an/ com-at support vessels& (apanese /istri-utor o, movie =#he <ast ;mperor= also intentionally e/ite/ out t)e /ocumentary ,ootage o, t)e Nanjing Massacre t)at 6ernar/o 6ertolucci )a/ pointe/ly put into )is ,ilm&

?#

Anot)er ",B## U&S& PoWs +ere s)ippe/ to Manc)uria, +)ere PoWs sai/ t)ey +ere use/ as )uman guinea pig or =logs= -y t)e in,amous (apanese me/ical Unit !" H Unit "##& An o,,icial report in "?BB compile/ ,rom t)e s+orn statements o, PoWs +)o survive/ t)e starvation an/ torture an/ escape/& =8)eir s+orn statements inclu/e/ no )earsay +)atever, -ut only ,acts +)ic) t)e o,,icers relate/ ,rom t)eir o+n personal experience an/ o-servations,= sai/ t)e o,,icial report& 8)e statements )a/ also -een veri,ie/ ,rom ot)er sources& /trocities $y Japs@ *eli$erate "tarvation) #ort re) *eath& 'armer (o)n Hall, : , a ,ormer private +it) t)e ;>"?t) -attalion, recalls: =We /i/ 5?!ho r shifts an( never saw (aylight e,cept a co ple of (ays off a month& 'e ha( 5 5J? c ps of rice a (ay an( ncoo2e( leaves as greens) an( were $eaten an( $ashe( all the time&= 'ormer am-ulance corporal Mic1 9il/ey, :$, +oul/ li1e to tell (apan2s current ,oreign minister, 8aro Aso, +)o )imsel, ran Aso Mining .o& ,rom "? !< ?, )as never ac1no+le/ge/ )is ,amily company2s illicit employment o, t)ousan/s Slaves an/ PoWs, ='e were $eaten half to (eath) starve( an( covere( with vermin yo co l( never get ri( of& How we never ha( eno gh to eat) not eno gh clothes to 2eep warm) sent (own to (angero s pit levels the Japanese wo l( not go&= Near t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, (apan issue/ t)e in,amous =Kill -r(er= to its +ar camp comman/ers to 1ill all t)e remaining prisoners leaving no trace& Many -elieve t)at t)e /tomic 7om$s an( no other reasons that ha( save( the lives of all allie( 0o's& W)ile many people aroun/ t)e +orl/ +ere )orri,ie/ -y t)e Atomic 6om-s, many +ere overjoye/& A man ,rom West Australia, +riting in a guest -oo1 at t)e science museum at t)e <os /lamos National <a$oratory : =My mot)er, sister an/ 7 +ere in a PoW camp in (ava 3Dja1arta4 +)en t)e ,irst -om- +ent o,,& /s a reprisal) the Japanese were going to place all the camp resi(ents in $arges an( sin2 them in the Java "ea& #he ?n( $om$ save( o r lives !! an( all those innocent women an( chil(ren hel( in 0o' camps all over (ava an/ Sumatra an/ no /ou-t else+)ere& 3 am gratef l&= 'ran1 (ames, no+ living in Ce/+oo/ .ity, +as s)ippe/ to S)enyang 3Mu1/en4 in Manc)uria as a PoW in Novem-er "?B;& 8)e (apanese me/ical personnel +earing mas1s, spraye/ li*ui/ into t)eir ,aces an/ gave t)em injection, too1 ,re*uent -loo/ samples an/ release/ ,leas in t)e +are)ouse +)ere t)e prisoners slept& W)en )e returne/ to t)e Unite/ States in "?B$, t)e %&"& /rmy ma(e him sign a (oc ment ?"

swearing never to (isc ss his 895 e,periences in the camps& 'or B# years, )e /i/n2t -reat)e a +or/& 7n "? %, Nippon 8G -rie,ly stirre/ up pu-lic attention +it) /ocumentary movie "#he Horror of %nit 895"& 7n Nov& "? % 0os)inaga Haru1o, pro/ucer o, 8G /ocumentary a,ter years researc): =/ 7r ise ! #error of the 895 Corps&= -ecame convince/ t)at American PoWs +ere also use/ as logs& 7n "?:"s, Morimura Seiic)i, aut)or o, -est<seller novel =#he *evil's Gl ttony" an/ later ,ollo+e/ -y #he *evil's Gl ttony ! / "eI el in "?:! inclu/e/ assertion t)at Allies PoWs +ere use/ as guinea pigsE also =#he Germ 'arfare %nit #hat (isappeare(= -y 9eiic)i 8uneis)i /re+ some pu-lic attention& 7n Oct& "?:", it +as (o)n W& Po+ell2s article in t)e 6ulletin o, t)e Atomic Scientists < = Japan's 7iological 'eapons@ 5A9:!5AG4) / Hi((en Chapter in History= -roug)t muc) +i/er pu-lic attention an/ pressure/ US congress to )ol/ a )earing ,rom PoWs in "?:; an/ "?:%& 'ran1 (ames an/ Dregory Co/ri*ue5 (r& testi,ie/ to .ongress in "?:%& Ho+ever, t)e )earing laste/ only )al, a /ay& No report +as issue/ an/ no investigation +as or/ere/& On Aug& "!, "?:$, 6ritis) 7n/epen/ent 8elevison -roa/cast a /ocumentary =%nit 895 ! *i( the ;mperor Know + =& 7t +as pro/ucte/ -y Peter Williams an/ Davi/ Wallace a,ter years researc), )inte/ -roa/ly t)at @mperor Hiro)ito +as a+are o, t)e )uman experiments& 8)ere +as also an intervie+ +it) retire/ <t& Col& M rray "an(ers) the first %" investigator into %nit 895& "an(ers claime( that Gen& *o glas Mac/rth r a thorize( him to ma2e a (eal with the Japanese if they cooperate( with %" 7iological 'arfare scientists& 8)e pro/ucers even sent a copy o, t)e /ocumentary ,ilm to t)e (apanese o,,icials in Aon/on& Murray San/ers +as also intervie+e/ -y N6. Dateline ".actory of *eath@ %nit 895" on Aug& "$, "??$ sai/ =7t +as a mista1e ,or t)e criminal (apanese to )ave -een par/one/&= US PoW Art .amp-ell /escri-e/ in t)e same 8G program ".actory of *eath@ %nit 895" t)at )e +as -eing ,ro5en ,or ;B )ours an/ t)en ta1en to a )ot room to -e t)a+e/ out just li1e t)e Unit !"2s 'rost 6ite experiment: =8)ey ,ro5e until 7 +as unconscious&&&&&= = 7 coul/ not /escri-e )o+ muc) it )urt& 7t )urt so muc) t)at 7 -egge/ t)e (aps to 1ill me&= Since "???, a-out 6: Japanese companies incl (ing Mits $ishi an( Mits i) have $een s e( in %&"& co rt -y ,ormer Slave PoWs see1ing unpai/ +ages an/ compensation& Despite ?;

playing a central role in re/ress activities targeting Dermany, instea( of s pporting %&"& 0o's) the %&"& government s pporte( Japanese government an( companies -y ,iling an amicus -rie, arguing t)at t)e Peace 8reaty )a/ in/ee/ +aive/ all claims inclu/ing in/ivi/ual claims o, ,ormer PoWs& 8)ere,ore, a,ter t)e /ismissal o, all t)e cases, (apanese companies an/ t)e (apanese government re,use/ to ta1e any actions compara-le to t)ose ta1en -y t)e Dermans& Ho+ever, t)e "ecret /greement ma/e -et+een (apan an/ Net)erlan/s explicitly not +aiving in/ivi/ual rig)ts o, Dutc) citi5ens to ma1e claims against (apan& Un/er t)e /rticle ?6 of the 0eace #reaty, any -ene,it grante/ to one signatory is automatically exten/e/ to all& 8)ere,ore, PoWs are still /eman/ing (apan ,or compensation& Un,ortunately, /fter the $om$ing of AJ55) %&"& government is more (etermine( to 2eep Japan for its 'ar against #errorism an( has $loc2e( all efforts of the slave( 0o's' (eman( for Japanese reparations& Ain/a Doet5 Holmes, aut)or o, %n> st ;nrichment@ How Japan's companies $ ilt postwar fort nes sing /merican 0o's, )as /ocumente/ t)at PoW relie, ,un/s sent to (apan in "?BB -y t)e 6ritis) an/ U&S& +ere )el/ -y t)e (apanese government an/ later /onate/ to t)e 7nternational .ommittee o, t)e Ce/ .ross& S)e +rites, =8)e ,inal irony is t)at (apan, +it) t)e consent o, t)e Allies, +as allo+e/ to use relie, money contri-ute/ -y its +artime enemies, rat)er t)an ,un/s ,rom its o+n treasury, to settle some o, its post+ar claims=& 7n May ;##B, 8)e (apanese 'u1uo1a Hig) .ourt rejecte/ .)inese Slave2s case saying it +as ,ile/ too late& However) the co rt r le( that @ =#he >oint illegal con( ct $y the Japanese government an( company) the "malicio s (estr ction of evi(ence") the governmentMs false statements to the *iet an( the "lave! li2e force( la$or was an o trageo s transgression of h man (ignity=& .)inese la+yer 9ang (ian, +)o +or1e/ closely +it) (apanese la+yers ,or t)e Slaves regularly testi,ies, tol/ t)e (apanese ju/ges: 8)is is a-out ='hether Japan is a civilize( society or a $ar$aric one) an( a$o t whether the Japanese legal system phol(s h man rights or (enies them&= 7t is a litmus test ,or ='hether Japan is a co ntry that maintains peace an( respects h man rights or a co ntry that en(orses 'ar an( ignores h man rights&= During t)e la+suits o, (apanese /etaine/ in Si-eria an/ t)at o, Atomic 6om- victims, t)e Japanese government has consistently e,presse( that what was a$an(one( in the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty $y Japan was not the in(ivi( al's right to claim, -ut only t)e ?!

rig)t to claim -y t)e (apanese government on -e)al, o, t)e in/ivi/ual ,rom anot)er nation 3t)e rig)t o, /iplomatic protection4& 7ronically, in t)e la+suits with Chinese as the plaintiffs) the Japanese government then offere( a totally (ifferent interpretation when (ealing with Japan's own war responsi$ility& 8)e (apanese government )as e,,ectively ,or,eite/ its o+n cre/i-ility& 7n "??$, ChinaMs foreign minister state( that the Joint Comm niI e waive( only the Chinese governmentMs reparations claims against the Japanese government) while leaving the claim rights of private Chinese citizens intact& 7t +as -ase/ on t)is un/erstan/ing t)at t)e "st an/ ;n/ instance rulings -y District .ourts or Hig) .ourts in 8o1yo, 'u1uo1a, Niigata, Hiros)ima etc& /i/ not support t)e (apanese government2s position o, =t)e a-an/onment o, t)e .)inese victims2 rig)t to claim=& 8)e .)inese government )as recently allo+e/ ,amilies o, ,ormer Slave la-orers to ,orm a support group ,or re/ress activities, an/ permitte/ esta-lis)ment o, t)e Non<Dovernmental 'un/ to Support Aa+suits -y Gictims o, t)e (apanese ArmyLs War o, 7nvasion& An/ +oul/ soon allo+ ,ormer Slave la-orers to sue (apanese corporations in .)inese courts& So ,ar, no Slave reparations is materiali5e/, -ut a partial )ealing )as occurre/& Due to t)e consi/era-le me/ia coverage o, t)e Slave la+suits, memorials an/ solemn commemorations )ave -een )el/ at some o, t)e ,ormer Slave sites in (apan& =#he 'ar ""ho l( 7e #a ght" in schools) an( N-# > st 0earl Har$or ,= sai/ Coutt, t)e ex<PoW in 8racy& =Ki(s growing p have a$sol tely N- 2nowle(ge of what 'ar is Really li2e&= 7t +as a #otal 'ar ! 'ar 'itho t Mercy /gainst H manity&

*enial /gainst H manity ! *enial) Nan>ing *eath #oll

#his war crime (enial is (efinitely the worst war crime (enial against H manity committe( $y a co ntry in o r mo(ern History& /s calle( $y the Japanese right!wings) it is the Japanese "7iggest <ie of the ?:th Cent ry"& Regar(less what the act al (eath toll of the Nan>ing Massacre was) the fact that Japan ha( engage( in wanton Massacre an( rec2less Rapes remains the same& 8)e following %niversity classroom e,ercise )elps ,ully un/erstan/ing )o+ t)e Asian victims ,eel a-out t)e (apan2s /enial : ?B

"st Atomic 6om- << = Aug %, "?B$ : Hiros)ima&= ;n/ Atomic 6om- << = Aug ?, "?B$ : Nagasa1i&= 7 +rote on t)e +)ite-oar/ in large letters& 8)en 7 crosse/ t)em out, an/ place/ +it) -ig re/ II& =Not #r e B = 7 /eclare/& =8)e /tomic 7om$ings never happene( B / total fa$rication B = My university stu/ents +ere /um-struc1& We stare/ at eac) ot)er in silence ,or a long time& =All rig)t& Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i +ere -om-e/,= 7 conce/e/, =6ut only Conventional 7om$s were se( B -nly a few h n(re( people were 2ille( B = 8)e university stu/ents +ere again /um-struc1& We stare/ at eac) ot)er in anot)er uncom,orta-le long silence& Only a,ter 7 a/mitte/ t)at it +as a ruse& All stu/ents seeme/ to collectively ex)ale in relie,& #he act al Nan>ing (eath toll co l( $e (e$ate() $ t the fact al crime of Nan>ing Massacre an( Rape m st $e ac2nowle(ge( $y everyone in the (e$ate& =We )ave to -e a+are t)at t)e atrocities are not just a-out people -eing 1ille/&= sai/ Da*ing 0ang o, Deorge Was)ington University, =7t also inclu/es rape, looting, /estruction o, property&&&&& 7 t)in1 it is more important to n(erstan( the whole pict re of the /trocity&= Many (apanese )ave trie/ very )ar/ to /eny t)e Nanjing Massacre -y turning t)e /e-ate into a num-ers game& 8o t)em, it seems t)at -y /iminis)ing t)e num-er o, /eat) +oul/ /iminis) t)e extreme -rutality o, crimes committe/& 7van Hall )as pointe/ out t)at, =.or them it was all a n m$ers game) as if getting the (ea( (own from 9::)::: to 9:)::: really mattere( m ch when the greater moral horror lay in the nat re of those wanton) face!to!face 2illings o, narme( in(ivi( als t)at +ent on ,or +ee1s +it)out any (apanese in aut)ority see1ing to stop it&= Un,ortunately, t)e trut) is t)at a precise ,igure can never -e 1no+n&

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#he international comm nity estimate( that appro,& ?::)::: ! 9::)::: Chinese were 2ille() an( ?:)::: ! 5::)::: women were rape( within ? ! 9 months of contin o s Rape an( Massacre& A,ter t)e +ar, t)e 3nternational Military #ri$ nal of the .ar ;ast C3M#.;D, ran ,rom "?B%<B:, an/ )a/ "" ju/ges ,rom "" countries +)o )ear/ testimony ,rom B"? +itnesses an/ ? +ritten testimonies in :": open )earings on (apan2s Worl/ War 77 activities& 8)e 8ri-unal court ex)i-it estimate/ approx& = ;%#,### +ere slaug)tere/ = 3Source: Document no& " #;, -ox "!B, 3M#.; recor/s, court ex)i-its, "?B:4& 8)e tri$ nal r le( " total n m$er of the civilians an( prisoners of war m r(ere( in Nan2ing an( its vicinity ( ring the first 6 wee2s of the Japanese occ pation was over ?::):::& = Note < t)e num-er /oes NO8 inclu/e )uge num-er o, -o/ies -urne/, /umpe/ or -urie/ -y t)e (apanese Army& 3n 5AG6) the chief prosec tor of the Nan>ing *istrict Co rt concl (e( that ?6:)::: Chinese ha( (ie( from the massacre) while a s mmary report prepare( $y the hea( proc rator of the same (istrict co rt place( the n m$er at more than 9::):::& On (an& " , "?!: /uring t)e ,irst mont) o, massacre +)en t)e 1illing +as ,ar ,rom over, a ca-le message -y 6ritis) reporter Harol/ 8imperley ,or t)e Manc)ester Duar/ian, =3 investigate( reporte( atrocities committe( $y Japanese army in Nan>ing an( elsewhere& Ver$al acco nts CofD relia$le eye!witnesses an( letters from in(ivi( als whose cre(i$ility CisD $eyon( I estion affor( convincing proof &&&&& CNotD less than three h n(re( tho san( Chinese civilians sla ghtere( &&&& =& At t)e Nan1ing War .rimes 8ri-unal, (apanese Aieutenant Deneral 8ani Hisao, t)e comman/er o, t)e %t) Division, estimate/ more t)an !##,### victims +ere massacre/& Hora 8omio, (apanese Pro,essor o, History at Wase/a University, )a/ investigate/ t)e atrocities& His researc) )a/ s)o+n t)e same conclusion in )is -oo1s =#he Nan>ing inci(ent= an/ =#he great Nan>ing massacre=& Anot)er (apanese Hon/a 9atsuic)i, a pri5e +inning journalist, also reac)e/ t)e similar conclusion in )is pu-lication =#he roa( to Nan>ing=, =#he great Nan>ing massacre= an/ #he Nan>ing Massacre@ / Japanese Jo rnalist Confronts Japan's National "hame& (apanese Historian 9asa)ara 8o1us)i at 8suru University an/ aut)or o, =#he Nan>ing 3nci(ent= conclu/e/ t)at approx& ;##,### people +ere massacre/ in t)e =Nanjing Special Municipality= area&

?%

'uji+ara A1ira, a Pro,essor emeritus at Hitotsu-as)i University an/ aut)or o, =#he Japanese /rmy in Nan>ing= reac)e/ a similar conclusion t)at = nearly ;##,### or even more sol/iers an/ civilians = +ere slaug)tere/ in t)e =Nanjing Special Municipality= area& Many ot)er )istorians, suc) as 0os)i/a 0uta1a at t)e Hitotsu-as)i University, aut)or o, =#he 'hole 0ict re of the Nan>ing 3nci(ent -$liges %s to Recognize the History= an/ (os)ua 'ogel at t)e University o, .ali,ornia, in )is =.orrespon/ence: How 7a( 'as the Nan>ing Massacre +=, also em-race t)eir researc) conclusion& Garious (ifferent *eath #oll fig res come p $y researchers are simply ( e to their (ifferent (efinitions se( for the time ( ration C"?" or "9" monthsD of the massacre an( (ifferent city $o n(aries of Nan>ing area 3=Nanjing +alle/ city= or =Nanjing Special Municipality=4 in t)eir estimations& (apanese journalist Masato 9ajimoto, in )is t)esis =#he Nan2ing /trocities=, conclu/e/ t)at =3t is safe to say that to(ay the ma>ority of historians estimate the (eath toll of the Nan2ing /torcities in the range $etween ?::)::: ! 9::)::: as claime( $y the 3nternational Military #ri$ nal for the .ar ;ast C3M#.;D or the Nan>ing 'ar Crimes #ri$ nal&= Note ! the n m$er (oes N-# incl (e h ge n m$er of $o(ies $ rne() ( mpe( or $ rie( $y the Japanese /rmy& 8)e +ar /iary -y 0a l "charffen$erg, a Derman /iplomat in Nanjing at t)e time reveals t)at =#he Japanese impose( a news $lac2o t an( restricte( foreign (iplomats' movements in the city" to conceal their Crimes ,rom t)e international community, t)e /iary /iscloses& 8)ere,ore, t)e 'estern witnesses an( (iaries co l( only recor( a small portion of the act al scope an( magnit (e of the atrocio s Crimes that ha( $een really committe( $y Japan in Nanjing& 3f we se "9 months" as time ( ration for the contin o s massacre ) an( se the larger "Nan>ing "pecial M nicipality" as the city $o n(ary ) also incl (e the h ge n m$er of $o(ies $ rnt ) ( mpe( ) $ rie( $y the Japanese /rmy to conceal their crimes) #he Nan>ing Massacre *eath #oll sho l( $e more than 9::):::& 7n ,act, it coul/ -e a conservative estimate&

.or comparsion ) the 7attle for Manila laste( only ?E (ays & However ) estimate( 5::)::: .ilipine civilians were massacre( -y t)e (apanese& James McCall m, one o, t)e ; Westerners +)o staye/ in Nanjing, +rote in )is 'amily Aetter : =Never have 3 hear( or rea( of s ch $r tality& Rape@ Rape@ Rape@ 'e estimate at least 5)::: cases a night an( many $y (ay& 7n case o, resistance or anyt)ing t)at seems li1e /isapproval t)ere is a -ayonet sta- or a -ullet& We coul/ +rite up )un/re/s o, cases a /ay&&&&= 3f we se the same approach for the n m$er of Rapes) i&e& %se "9 months" of contin o s Rape ) in the larger "Nan>ing "pecial M nicipality" city $o n(ary ) an( a(( the n m$er of girls an( women Rape( $ t were too ashame to tell ) pl s the h ge n m$er of girls an( women Rape( $ t were 2ille( imme(iately after the Rape that has $een confirme( $y many former Japanese sol(iers as their common practice to hi(e their Rape crimes ) /ct al n m$er of girls an( women Rape( sho l( $e more than 5::)::: instea( of only ?:):::& 7n ,act, it coul/ -e a conservative estimate& 8)is is more civilian an( 0o' massacre( $y the Japanese than the /tomic 7om$s (roppe( on Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i com$ine( 3;##,### compare/ to Nanjing Massacre !##,###4& 8)is is more civilian an( 0o' massacre( or Rape( in one Chinese city than the total (eath or Rapes of many ; ropean co ntries in entire war& Ho+ever, voices (ismissing or greatly playing (own Japan's wartime crimes are reg larly hear( from Japanese political) aca(emic an( me(ia esta$lishment& 7n "? ", (apanese journalist 9atsuic)i Hon/a pu-lis)e/ a seriali5e/ articles in Asa)i, (apan2s ;n/ largest an/ prestigious ne+spaper ca sing a tremen(o s stir in Japan& Many Japanese fo n( it (iffic lt to $elieve that any h man $eing) let alone their own co ntrymen co l( have committe( s ch crimes& Hon/a )as -een ,orce/ to +ear /isguises in pu-lic -ecause o, m ltiple (eath threats& His -oo1 =Ch go2 no ta$i" C/ Jo rney to ChinaD +as pu-lis)e/ in "? ; an/ @nglis) version =#he Nan>ing Massacre@ / Japanese >o rnalist confronts Japan's National "hame= +it) excellent researc) an/ B# /ays trip to .)ina& He visite/ +ar memorials, intervie+e/ survivors an/ /ocumente/ )un/re/s pages o, testimony& 7n "? ;, /enier S)ic)i)ei 0amamoto pu-lis)e/ )is article =Reply to Kats ichi Hon(a= in

?:

S)o1unQ, anot)er /enier A1ira Su5u1i pu-lis)e/ article =#he 0hantom of #he Nan2ing Massacre= in t)e same (ournal& 7n "?:B, Masaa1i 8ana1a +rote )is -oo1 M.a$rication of Nan>ing Massacre= +)ic) claime/ t)at t)e Massacre +as a myt) create/ -y t)e 8o1yo trial an/ .)inese government& 7n "?:%, Hata 71u)i1o pu-lis)e/ )is -oo1 =Nan2ing 3nci(ent= in +)ic) )e trie/ to re/uce t)e num-er o, victims to a-out B#,### an/ argue/ t)at 1illing o, PoW s)oul/ not -e consi/ere/ as Massacre& 7n "??#, S)intaro 7s)i)ara, mem-er o, t)e Diet an/ co<aut)or o, =#he Japan that Can "ay No=, /eclare/ in t)e Play-oy Maga5ine t)at t)e Nan1ing Massacre never occurre/ an/ it is a lie ma/e up -y t)e .)inese& 'e-& "??? No-u1atsu 'ujio1a, a (apanese Pro,essor o, @/ucation at 8o1yo University an/ t)e c)airman o, t)e (apanese Society ,or History 8ext-oo1 Ce,orm +)ic) aims to erase all (apan2s atrocities ,rom text -oo1, =.om,ort +omen +ere not Sex Slaves,= sai/ t)e pro,essor, =8)ey +ere simply prostitutes ta1en to +ar 5ones -y private -ro1ers&= He also /enie/ t)at t)ere +as no massacre in "?! Nanjing& Nov& ;### Osamic)i Higas)ina1ano, a (apanese Pro,essor o, 7ntellectual History in Asia University an/ +riter 8os)io Matsumura Matsumura, aut)or o, =7ig *o $ts a$o t the Nan2ing Massacre= also trie/ to /istort t)e trut) a-out t)e Nan1ing Massacre as ,a-rication& (an& ;!, ;### 7n t)e (apan2s !r/<-iggest city o, Osa1a, a (apanese nationalist group )ol/ a con,erence in t)e -sa2a 0eace Center +it) t)e t)eme "#he 7iggest <ie of the ?:th Cent ry" insisting t)at t)e "?! Nanjing Massacre never occurre/& 8)e same group organise/ a screening o, t)e Japanese film 0ri(e ! #he .atef l Moment which (epicts ''33 lea(er Hi(e2i #o>o as a heroic warrior rather than a Class / 'ar Criminal at t)e same -sa2a 0eace Center in "??:& 3ronically) the sole p rpose of esta$lishing the -sa2a 0eace Center is "N-# to forget the tremen(o s (amage inflicte( $y Japan on people of China an( other /sia!0acific co ntries as well as people in Korea an( #aiwan n(er colonial r le&= 8)e Dovernor o, 8o1yo, S)intaro 7s)i)ara )as ,re*uently calle/ t)e Nanjing Massacre a lie& 9ei)ac)iro S)imi5u, a (apanese pro,essor at a respecte/ university +)o -elieves t)e Unit !" an/ Nanjing Massacre never existe/, sai/, =3f Japan (i( not e,ist in /sia) China wo l(

??

have $een (ivi(e( p $y 'estern people li2e /frica was& China has s rvive( $eca se of Japan&= (apanese ca-inet ministers also ,re*uently ma/e similar pu-lic /enying comments +it) some losing t)eir posts over t)eir statements& 7n May "??B, (apanese (ustice Minister an/ Army .)ie, o, Sta,, Nagano S)igeto sai/ t)e Paci,ic War +as to li-erate Asia, t)e Nanjing Massacre +as a ,a-rication& He +as later ,orce/ to resign& 7n "??$, (apanese @/ucation Minster S)imamura 0os)ino-u ,re*uently ma/e statements to /o+n play (apanese atrocities /uring t)e +ar& 7n (an& "?? , Seiro1u 9ajiyama, a ADP conten/er ,or t)e premiers)ip, even claime/ t)at =com,ort +omen= )a/ provi/e/ sex to (apanese troops =,or money=& Many o, t)e western missionaries' (iaries an( letters t)at ela-orately /epicte/ t)e scale an/ c)aracter o, t)e Nanjing Massacre are all availa-le at t)e 1ale *ivinity "chool <i$rary, +)ere Mart)a Smalley +or1s as t)e arc)ivist& 8o t)e (apanese Nanjing Massacre =/enying camp=, Mart)a sai/, = 'e have never ha( Japanese ltra!nationalists come here an( loo2 at these recor(s $eca se it is very clear to anyone) loo2ing at these recor(s) that it occ rre(& 0ou )ave several /i,,erent people giving in/epen/ent accounts an/ t)ey +ere all /ocumenting t)e same events& 8)ese coul/ not possi-ly -e any 1in/ o, +ay t)at t)ey +ere ma1ing up +)at t)ey sa+& = 7n mi/<"?:#s, in or/er to re,ute t)e Myt) o, Nanjing Massacre, a campaign +as initiate/ -y t)e Japanese 'ar Veterans' organization ! Kai2osha& #he organization as2e( its 5E)::: former sol(ier mem$ers to s $mit information to "(is!cre(it" the Nan>ing Massacre for its newsletter ! Kai2o& 7ronically, instea/ o, receiving usa-le in,ormation, t)e e/itors )a/ receive/ many eye+itnesses accounts con,irme/ t)at t)e unspea1a-le atrocities /i/ in/ee/ )appen in Nanjing& 9atoga+a 9otaro, one o, t)e chief e(itors for the newsletter Kai2o) wrote in the concl (ing part of the 55 part series a$o t the Nan>ing Massacre) "/s a person relating to the 3mperial /rmy) 3 can (o nothing $ t apologize to the Chinese people& 3t was cr el& 3 am sincerely sorry&=

"##

7n "?::, Ono 9enji +ante/ to 1no+ +)at )a/ )appene/ to t)e approx& ;#,### .)inese PoWs capture/ -y 0ama/a Detac)ment o, t)e "!t) /ivision& 'or years, )e intervie+e/ ;## +ar veterans, collecte/ ;B +artime /iaries, vi/eo tape/ many con,essions, an/ collecte/ ot)er )istorical evi/ences& Ono )as /ocumente/ )is remar1a-le researc) in )is pu-lications "3mperial /rmy "ol(iers 'ho Recor(e( the Nan>ing Massacre") "Massacre or *ischarge+ .ate of the /$o t ?:)::: 0o's capt re( $y 1ama(a *etachment") "#hirteen lies in the Nan>ing Massacre *eniers' Claims"& His in</ept) researc) )as reveale/ )o+ t)e s)oc1ing mass executions occurre/ near t)e Mu,u Mountain t)at laste/ ,or ; /ays an/ ; nig)ts& 8)e /ea/ corpses were I ic2ly $ rnt with gasoline or ( mpe( into the 1antze river& An entry on Dec& "% in one o, )is collecte/ /iaries, +e =mo+e/ t)em /o+n -y mac)ine guns& 8)en +e sta--e/ t)em +it) -ayonets to our satis,action& 7 pro-a-ly -ayonete/ !#<o// )ate,ul .)inese sol/iers& Clim$ing p the heap of (ea( $o(ies an( $ayoneting them gave me a co rage) which ma(e me feel 3 co l( even vanI ish ogres& 3 sta$$e( them with all my might while hearing them groan& #here were some ol( ones an( 2i(s& 3 2ille( them all &&&&&&= One o, )is vi/eo tape/ con,essions, =#he or(er 'to (o it' came thro gh all the way from the top &&&&& #hose high!ran2ings (on't 2now what it was li2e& #hey > st or(er an( never come to the scene &&&&& 3 (on't 2now how they co l( tal2 a$o t it& #hey haven't even seen it& 'e) noncommissione( officers an( men) were the ones who act ally carrie( it o t &&&&& 3 won(er who on earth are those people to claim that s ch a misera$le inci(ent was 'fa$rication' &&&&&&=& (apanese )istory Pro,essor Sa-uro 7enaga, +)o -ecame ,or many as t)e =Conscience of Japan=, )a/ launc)e/ 9 highly p $licize( laws its laste( 9? years against the *epartment of ;( cation& A,ter t)e !; years prolonge/ la+suits, in conclusion, (apanese History Pro,essor Sa-uro 7enaga +rote in Nan2ing Massacre an( the "chool #e,t$oo2 "creening <aws it : =Durng Worl/ War 77 t)e Nan2ing Massacre was a secret strictly hi((en from Japanese people& -nly after the 'ar (i( we come to 2now a$o t what happene( thro gh news reports on the 3nternational Military #ri$ nal in #o2yo& 7 t)oug)t t)at +e (apanese s)oul/ ,eel as)ame/ -ecause as perpetrators +e /i/n2t 1no+ anyt)ing a-out t)is major event +)ic) +as very +ell<1no+n among t)e victims an/ t)eir compatriots& 7 t)ere,ore consi/ere/ it as -eing necessary to mention it in t)e sc)ool )istory text-oo1& Ho+ever, 7 /eci/e/ not to /o "#"

so as it +as o-vious /uring perio/ o, t)e "? #2s t)at my entire text-oo1 /ra,t +oul/ )ave -een rejecte/ -y t)e screening o,,icials i, 7 )a/ touc)e/ on t)e su-ject&= =Aater on at t)e -eginning o, t)e "?:#2s 7 /eci/e/ t)at t)e Nan1ing Massacre s)oul/ -e mentione/ an/ 7 actually +rote a-out it& As expecte/, 7 +as re*ueste/ to revise t)e /escription o, t)e su-ject& 8)is in/ee/ -ecame one o, t)e major issues o, t)e sc)ool text-oo1 screening la+suit& 7n "??! t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rule/ t)at t)e government 3Ministry o, @/ucation4 )a/ acte/ illegally +)en screening t)e /escription o, =Nan1ing Massacre= in my /ra,t text-oo1& 8)e government /i/ not appeal t)is Hig) .ourt ruling to t)e Supreme 3)ig)est4 .ourt& /s a res lt) the High Co rt r ling on the illegal screening regar(ing the Nan2ing Massacre was finalize(& We are no+ a-le to openly +rite a-out it in t)e text-oo1s&= =3n / g st 5AA8 the " preme Co rt iss e( the > (gement that mar2e( the concl sion of the school te,t$oo2 laws it& 8)roug) t)e long process o, t)e la+suit, the final res lt is that no$o(y co l( now serio sly arg e that the Nan2ing Massacre was nothing $ t a fa$rication&= 7n "?: , /z ma "hiro $ecomes the first former Japanese sol(ier to p $licly a(mit an( apologize ,or +)at )e /i/ in t)e Nanjing& He tol/ )is story -y pu-lis)ing )is /iaries =My Nan2ing 0latoon= an/ +as sue/ ,or li-el& 6ut A5uma vo+s to 1eep ,ig)ting in courts ,or t)e rig)t to spea1 8rut), =7 am :% year ol/ no+, -ut 7 +ill ,ig)t to /eat) li1e a young man, -ut this time is not for the ;mperor $ t for the J stice an( the History&= He su,,ere/ )arassment an/ t)reats ,rom (apanese rig)t<+ings /enounce/ )im as a traitor& W)en t)e (apanese /eniers ,inally reali5e t)at it is impossi-le to /eny t)e +)ole trut) completely& 8)ey change( their tactics an( arg e that the Massacre was a fa$rication $eca se relatively few people were 2ille( an( the small n m$er 2ille( were not illegal n(er the international laws of war& *eniers also attempt to shift foc s $y arg ing that the Massacre was no more terri$le than many other atrocities committe( $y vario s nations in the ?:th cent ry& =#hey say e,ec ting plain!clothes sol(iers an( stragglers are not massacres &&&&& 3t seems even right leaning scholars are criticizing this ar$itrary interpretation of the law $y the (enying camp,= sai/ t)e (apanese )istorian 0os)i/a 0uta1a at Hitotsu-as)i University, =8)e most important aspect o, t)e )istorical analysis, +)ic) is, +)y it )appene/ F W)at /rove t)e (apanese troops to go on t)e rampage in t)e +ay t)ey /i/ in Nanjing F= Many (apanese )ave trie/ very )ar/ to /eny t)e Massacre -y turning t)e /e-ate into a num-ers game& 8o t)em, it seems t)at -y /iminis)ing t)e num-er o, /eat) +oul/ /iminis) t)e extreme -rutality o, crimes committe/& 7van Hall )as pointe/ out t)at, =.or them it was all a n m$ers game) as if getting the (ea( (own from 9::)::: to 9:)::: really mattere( m ch when the greater moral horror lay in

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the nat re of those wanton) face!to!face 2illings o, narme( in(ivi( als t)at +ent on ,or +ee1s +it)out any (apanese in aut)ority see1ing to stop it&= (apan o,ten sai/ t)at (apan2s aim in WW77 +as simply to li-erate Asia ,rom Western colonialism an/ also project t)emselves as t)e victims instea/ o, atrocious perpetrators o, WW77 -ecause atomic $om$s were (roppe( on Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i, ignoring all t)e ,acts t)at Nanjing Massacare, in,amous Unit !", Unit "##, Unit $"%, Slavery, Opium, Sex Slaves +ere t)e most )orri,ic c)apters against Humanity in t)e ;#t) century& Japan is responsi$le for the (eath of 9: Million /sian ( ring its 5G years $r tal ''33 invasion) incl (ing millions of Chinese) Korean) 3n(onesian) Vietnamese) .ilippino) Malaysia) 7 rma) #hailan() "ingapore &&&&&&&&&& 7t +as an Asian Holocaust against Humanity committe/ -y (apan in WW77 an/ NO8 yet con,esse/&

.orgotten /sian Holoca st Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism against H manity

#his forgotten /sian Holoca st is (efinitely the worst case of systematic governmental Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity in o r H man History& #here are more than 6:)::: Nazi) / strian) 3talian war criminals on %" "'atch <ist" since 5A8E & 3n vivi( contrast ) c rrently less than 4: Japanese are on the watch list a((e( only n(er p $lic press re in 5AA6 & "ince ?::5) a total of GE Nazi war criminal convictions & 3n vivi( contrast ) zero for the Japanese in the past 4: years& Accor/ing to t)e release/ US /ocuments in (une ;##%, %" covere(! p Nazi war criminal /(olf ;ichmann ( ring Col( 'ar $eca se of the /nti!Comm nist efforts in 'est Germany& Similarly, a recent a+ar/ +inning /ocumentary = #he /nts" V"/ri no Heitai"W reveals t)e ,act t)at a,ter (apanese WW77 surren/er, =Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that=& 7t is a story a-out )o+ Waic)i O1umura an/ ot)er (apanese sol/iers +ere le,t -e)in/ a,ter WW77 an/ ,oug)t t)e communists /uring t)e Chinese Civil 'ar& =#he /llie( powers were accomplices,= sai/ Asa)o Mi5us)ima, a la+ pro,essor at Wase/a University in 8o1yo& =#he Japanese sol(iers fo ght the comm nists so the %nite( "tates (i(n't have to sen( its own troops &&&&&& VChinese CivilW 'ar against China was the first Japan fo ght after ''33& /s many as 44: sol(iers were the first victims &&&&& Japanese government) however) cannot a(mit it &&&&& /t sta2e is not only Japan's $reach of the

"#!

0ots(am *eclaration $ t a I estion of war!reno ncing /rticle A& Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that&= Mr& O1umura an/ ot)ers ,ormer soil/ers +age/ a legal -attle against t)e (apanese government /eman/ing military pensions& *espite the evi(ence he provi(e() the " preme Co rt re>ecte( the plaintiffs' final appeal in Septem-er& =8)ey completely ignore/ it,= Mr& O1umura sai/& =-therwise) they wo l( have ha( to a(mit Japan's $reach of the 0ots(am *eclaration&= 7n a recent .6S s)o+ %# Minutes, Pa1istan Presi/ent Deneral Perve5 Mus)arra, sai/ t)at %&"& militarily threatene( to $om$ 0a2istan "$ac2 to the stone age" nless it >oine( the fight against the #errorism& U&S& +arning +as /elivere/ -y U&S& ,ormer Deputy Secretary o, State Cic)ar/ Armitage& 7ronically, (apanese +ar crimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& -f all the co ntries on ;arth) Japan is the -N<1 nation that se( /<< 9 'M* in ''33) i&e& 'M* 7iological 'eapons) 'M* Chemical 'eapons) an( the a((ictive 'M* *r gs& Unli1e t)e (e+is) Holocaust, t)e (apanese Cape o, Nanjing, WMD 6iological War,are unit !", "##, WMD .)emical War,are unit $"%, Opium Monopoly 6ureau, Sex Slaves, Slave Aa-orers an/ looting o, Asia are -arely mentione/ in most )istories o, WW77 an/ is a-sent ,rom almost every text-oo1& 8)ere are many reasons ,or t)e story o, t)e Asian Holocaust )as ta1en so long to get out : #he Cover! p is mainly ( e to the Col( 'ar $etween %&"& an( the former comm nist "oviet %nion an( China, especially a,ter t)e start o, Korean 'ar in (une "?$# an/ t)en t)e Gietnam War in "?%#s& As t)e .ol/ War /eepene/, %&"& (esparately nee(e( the spee(y re$ il(ing of Japan as a constit tional monarchy that wo l( provi(e an anti!Comm nist $ lwar2 in Asia& U&S& grante/ immunity to t)e @mperor an/ Prince Asa1a& ;vi(ences show that senior ai(es to Gen& *o glas Mac/rth r an( Japanese co rt officials scheme( to fi, testimony at t)e #o2yo 'ar Crimes #rials so as not to implicate Hiro)ito& A,ter t)e surren/er, Japanese government an( military move( swiftly to (estroy evi(ence "#B

t)at mig)t assist in t)e prosecution o, any (apanese ,or +ar crimes, inclu/ing @mperor Hiro)ito& 8)e 7mperial Army, Navy, an/ almost all government ministries, /estroye/ t)eir incriminating ,iles& Ho+ever, vast arc)ive o, Japanese military recor(s that co l( confirm Japanese e,treme war crimes) were in the han(s of %&"& for A years a,ter t)e +ar& 3n 5A48) all Japanese military recor(s were or(ere( to $e ret rne( to Japan& 8)e reason given to t)e "?:%2s congress PoW )earing& (o)n H& Hatc)er, Army Cecor/ Management o, US Army explaine/, =$eca se the pro$lem of lang age was too (iffic lt ,or us to overcome&=& As t)e .ol/ War intensi,ie/, U&S& -elieve/ t)at t)e Anti<.ommunist aims +oul/ -e /i,,icult to ac)ieve i, t)e (apanese people +ere alienate/ -y continuing prosecutions o, t)eir +ar criminals& 8)ere,ore a,ter t)e +ar, %&"& con( cte( a half!hearte( show trial ! #he #o2yo #rial +)ic) most )istorians agree/ +as a ,la+e/ trial ,ocuse/ only on t)e maltreatment o, PoW ignoring /<< other nspea2a$le $r talities 3e&g& WMD 6iological, WMD .)emical, Sex Slaves etc&4 crimes committe/ against t)e Asians -y t)e (apanese& 'or t)e same reason, t)e %&"& calle( a a$r pt halt to f rther war crimes prosec tions& %&"& release( large n m$er of the remaining Class!/ Criminal s spects from (etention& Many o, t)ese suspecte/ +ar .riminals +ere a-le to move smoot)ly into politics, -ureaucracy, an/ -ig -usiness& No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48) an( was also the fo n(ing father of the c rrent (ominate( <*0 0arty& 8)at is exactly +)y )is gran/son, (apanese ne+ )a+1is) PM, "hinzo /$e n!apologetic over war& At t)e same time, %&"& $egan to win( (own the Class!7 an( Class!C trials& Australian prosecutions o, (apanese War .riminals +ere o-structe/ -y lac1 o, cooperation ,rom t)e U&S& government& U&S& +as active in appre)en/ing Na5i +ar criminals, /ena5i,ying Derman society, an/ collecting an/ protecting arc)ives o, t)e Na5i regime, all o, +)ic) )ave -y no+ -een /e< classi,ie/& 7y contrast) from the moment of Japanese s rren(er) %" Government so ght to e,onerate the ;mperor Hirohito an( his relatives from any responsi$ility for the war& %" still 2eeps many of its archives concerne( with postwar Japan highly classifie(& %nli2e Germany where intensive (e!Nazification proce( res were employe( to prevent "#$

former Nazis entering parliament an( the $ rea cracy) instea() %" allowe( Japanese 'ar Criminals to enter parliament an( see2 p $lic office& 7t )as -een estimate/ -y t)e US (ustice Department2s O,,ice o, Special 7nvestigations t)at at least several tho san( Japanese criminals escape( prosec tion as a res lt of the pre! mat re termination of war crime prosec tions $y the %" in "?B?& A,ter t)e +ar, in,luential groups o, Japanese intellect als wante( ;mperor Hirohito trie( for his 'ar Crimes) $ t were t rne( (own $y %&"&& 7nstea/, -asically %&"& han(e( the Japanese government $ac2 in the han(s of the same notorio s men an( war criminals who starte( the 5G years in!h man $r tal ''33 in /sia& #his was eI ivalent to re!instating the Nazi 0arty in the postwar Germany $y %&"&& Historians long ago conclu/e/ t)at t)e Allies turne/ a -lin/ eye to many (apanese War .rimes, particularly in Asian, as ,ig)ting communism -ecame t)e U&S& priority& 3n ?::4 an( ?::6) newly (eclassifie( C3/ recor(s (oc ment more f lly than ever how .ol& Masano-u 8suji, 0os)io 9o/ama, 8a1us)iro Hattori, Hi/e1i 8ojo an/ ot)er suspecte/ Japanese war criminals were recr ite( $y %&"& ( ring Col( 'ar& Accor/ing to t)ese ne+ly /eclassi,ie/ ,iles, (apanese +ar criminals +or1ing +it) ,ormer At& Den& 0oras)iro 9a+a-e, +)o +as a military intelligence o,,icer in .)ina in "?!: << to organi5e groups o, (apanese veterans an/ ot)ers ,or un/ergroun/ operations& 8)ese groups consiste/ o, ,ormer +ar -u//ies an/ o,ten retaine/ t)e same c)ains o, comman/ an/ militarist i/eology o, t)e +ar mac)ine t)at committe/ unspea1a-le +ar crimes t)roug)out Asia& 8)e U&S& association +it) (apanese +ar criminals illustrates )o+ %&"& em$race( Japanese nationalist an( conservative forces after 'ar an( helping them reassert their grip on the government once t)e occupation en/e/ in "?$;& ='hen we tal2 a$o t the emergence of neo!nationalism or a strong right wing in Japan to(ay) this has very (eep roots an( it involves a very strong element of /merican s pport,= sai/ (o)n Do+er, )istorian an/ aut)or o, =;m$racing *efeat: (apan in t)e Wa1e o, Worl/ War 77&= 7y protecting Hirohito from prosec tion as a war Criminal an( $asically han(e( the Japanese government $ac2 to the same war Criminals) %&"& lai( a soli( fo n(ation for Japan to ref se to confess) only to whitewash its war Crimes) e&g& (istort History te,t$oo2) pay tri$ te to the Class!/ 'ar Criminals) never a(mit to the 'M* 7iological 'arface etc& #herefore) Japan systemically portray itself as /tomic Victim instea( of atrocio s "#%

Colonial 'ar Criminal& Un/er t)e U&S& .over<up, +)en U&S& occupation en/e/ in "?$;, t)e Japanese government imme(iately par(one( /<< its own 'ar Criminals& Anot)er sinister reason ,or U&S& grante/ immunity ,rom +ar crimes prosecution to t)e (apanese /octors o, Unit !" H Unit "## +as to exc)ange ,or t)eir in<)uman /ata an/ )elpe/ covering up (apanese War .rimes so t)at U&S& coul/ gain some a/vantages o, t)e WMD 6iological Weapon < /n act tterly ignore( > stice an( against H manity& #his was eI ivalent to $arter / schwitz (octor Josef Mengele's free(om an( cover! p in ret rn for the res lts of his horrific h man e,periments& Na5i /octors +ere )el/ accounta-le ,or t)eir crimes in t)e ,amous "?B =N rem$erg *octors #rials") $ t there were N- compara$le "Japanese *octors #rial"& NDO #he " nshine 0ro>ect )as /iscovere/ t)at even to/ay US is still actively /eveloping 6iological an/ .)emical Weapon& On ;B Sept& ;##; Suns)ine Project provi/e/ evi/ence ,or %" Military "ecret Chemical 'eapons 0rogram violating international law& U&S& government not only par/one/ some o, 7mperial (apan2s top lea/ers, s)ort<circuite/ reparations programs, reverse/ t)e /issolution o, (apanese conglomerates an/ also +aive/ payment o, international relie, ,un/s to American PoWs a,ter t)e +ar& #he tr th was also hampere( $y the great pheavals that followe( in China +it) t)e resuming o, t)e interrupte/ Civil 'ar +)ic) last ,or anot)er B years un<en/e/ +it) t)e .ommunist too1 over mainlan/ 3People2s Cepu-lic o, .)ina4 an/ Nationalist ,orces retreate/ to 8ai+an 3Cepu-lic o, .)ina4& 8)en, ,ollo+e/ -y anot)er nearly 9: long years of vario s e,tremely irrational) self! (estr ctive political) social) e( cational) c lt ral) (emographic an( economic (isasters in mainlan( China ( ring Mao's era +)o +as calle/ -y many as t)e =Aast @mperor o, .)ina=& Due to Civil 'ar) $oth Chinese government compete( to consoli(ate their own regime at /N1 cost, an/ +as eager to ,latter an/ +in /iplomatic recognition ,rom (apan, an/ -ot) nee/ ,inancial loans an/ tra/ing partners)ip +it) (apan to re-uil/ +ar torn .)ina& #he mainlan( Chinese government is also very fearf l of this pop lar protest might $e lin2e( to its own Comm nist 0arty's complicity in a$ se in its past an( other social (iscontent $y her people) have greatly hampere( the sit ation& Accor/ing to t)e release/ US /ocuments in (une ;##%, %" covere(! p Nazi war criminal /(olf ;ichmann ( ring Col( 'ar $eca se of the /nti!Comm nist efforts in 'est

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Germany& ;,actly for the same /nti!Comm nist reason) to(ay) %" contin es to cover! p Japanese war crimes& A recent a+ar/ +inning /ocumentary = #he /nts" V"/ri no Heitai"W reveals t)e ,act t)at a,ter (apanese WW77 surren/er, =Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that=& 7t is a story a-out )o+ Waic)i O1umura an/ ot)er (apanese sol/iers +ere le,t -e)in/ a,ter WW77 an/ ,oug)t t)e communists /uring t)e Chinese Civil 'ar& =#he /llie( powers were accomplices,= sai/ Asa)o Mi5us)ima, a la+ pro,essor at Wase/a University in 8o1yo& =#he Japanese sol(iers fo ght the comm nists so the %nite( "tates (i(n't have to sen( its own troops &&&&&& VChinese CivilW 'ar against China was the first Japan fo ght after ''33& /s many as 44: sol(iers were the first victims &&&&& Japanese government) however) cannot a(mit it &&&&& /t sta2e is not only Japan's $reach of the 0ots(am *eclaration $ t a I estion of war!reno ncing /rticle A& Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that&= /ltho gh the Col( 'ar ha( en(e() the Cover! p still contin es& 3t is now mainly ( e to the %&"& 'ar) ironically) against #errorism) an( its (etermination for the containment an( prevention of a rising comm nist China& #hat is e,actly why %&"& is 2eeping th n(ering "3<;N# a$o t Japanese war crimes& A young American la+yer, +)o )a/ just returne/ ,rom a trip t)roug) Asia& S)e +as surprise/ to ,in/ out t)at +)en people in 8)ailan/ spo1e o, their memories of the great horror that swept thro gh /sia in the past) they were referring not to China) $ t to Japan& Japan) in her $rain!washe( %&"& min() was always a gentle) $ea tif l lan( of peace!loving (emocrats& China) she tho ght) was always the evil sco rge of /sia& 8o encircle communist .)ina, U&S& signe/ 8reaty o, Mutual .ooperation an/ Security +it) (apan since "?%#& 'or /eca/es, .)inese government 1ept silence a-out t)e Nanjing Massacre -ecause o, t)e nee/ ,or political recognition an/ ,inancial ai/ ,rom (apan, an/ un+illingness to recogni5e t)e resistance t)at .)ina2s Nationalist armies )a/ put up against t)e (apanese& Nan>ing Massacre was N-# even mentione( in Chinese te,t$oo2s ntil 5AE:'s& ;ven in the early 5AA:'s) Chinese historians an( others were not allowe( to organize any conferences a$o t the Massacre& *espite John Ra$e's heroism) he an( his ho se in Nan>ing were all $ t forgotten & @ven t)e Nan>ing m se m on the massacre (i( not open ntil 5AE4& #herefore) witho t any political s pport) the "%n!tol( Holoca st" has fallen largely to the overseas Chinese war s rvivors an( their chil(ren to tell their tales&

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6ut ,or years, Asian survivors 2ept silent o t of shame an( a (esire to shiel( their families from a painf l past& =8)ey /i/n2t +ant to -ur/en t)eir c)il/ren +it) t)is /ar1 )eritage,= sai/ )istorian Peter 6lac1& (ust as many (e+is) Holocaust survivors +ere also reticent a-out t)eir concentration camp experiences& New interest in Japan's war /trocities) $ t 'hy Now + /lmost every Chinese family has ha( some 2in( of e,perience with ''33) in many cases) (ea( relatives& .)inese )a/ learne/ ,rom t)eir parents or t)eir o+n experiences t)at politics can -e /ea/ly, an/ it2s pro-a-ly -est to stay a+ay ,rom politics& 8)at2s +)y it seems to -e a tra/ition o, .)inese political apat)y& As t)e .)inese ,eel more com,orta-le in t)eir a/opte/ nation, t)eir Western<-orn c)il/ren )ave -egun to as1 *uestions an/ re!(iscover the /sian Holoca st& Silence is a ,orm o, ,amily protection& Un,ortunately, t)e silence also protects t)e criminals& @nrage/ -y t)e (apan2s /enial, survivals no+ start 7rea2ing the "ilence& As t)e num-ers an/ a,,luence o, Asian in t)e Asia countries an/ N&America )ave gro+n, so )as t)e /esire to /ocument t)e Asian Holocaust, commemorate its victims an/ excoriate (apanese +ar criminals& =My father's generation passe( on its legacy silently)" Kwan sai(& "%nli2e the Jews) who came together an( forcef lly anno nce( what occ rre() the /sians have trie( to $r sh it asi(e an( say it's -K& 7 t it's N-# -K&= =#he new generation is ma(e p of people who grew p in the %&"&) are c rio s a$o t their roots, an/ possess t)e @nglis) language s1ills an/ connections to con/uct e,,ective political campaigns,= .)ang sai/& 7t parallels to t)e :#s an/ 2?#s +)ic) le/ to a surge o, interest in (e+is) Holocaust stu/ies& S)iel/e/ -y t)e U&S&, t)e =Japan's ref sal to face p to its 'ar Crimes 2eeps this alive,= sai/ William .& 9ir-y, c)airman o, t)e History /epartment at Harvar/ University& .or %&"&) China is the only co ntry that has high potential to threaten %&"& glo$al (ominance in t)e ;"st century& Rise of China is one of the greatest events in economic History& 'hen she wa2es she will sha2e the 'orl( B

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7n ,act, more accurately, it is N-# really a$o t China's rise ) $ t rather China's restoration from the ashes of the 3nternational *r g Holoca st an( the /sian Holoca st set afire $y the /,is of ;vil of Colonialism ) an( the self!(estr ction $y Mao & China is now rising again ) li2e a re$orn phoeni, ) $ac2 to its long tra(itional an( historical position of glo$al infl ence) its c lt re) power an( role in the worl( an/ to remin/ ot)ers o, its ama5ing ac)ievements over t)ousan/s o, years& .or Japan) China n(ermines #o2yo as the lea(ing power in the region& 8o cope +it) t)is =China #hreat=, 8o1yo is a/opting a more muscular military posture, one t)at causes alarm to its WW77 victimi5e/ neig)-ors& Accor/ing to t)e initial o,,icial /ra,t o, %&"& *efense 0lanning G i(ance lea2e( to the press in early 5AA?) the primary aim of %&"& strategy wo l( $e to $ar the rise of any competing s perpower& / pool of potential rivals has now $een narrowe( to > st one@ China& 8)e ?::6 K a(rennial *efense Report states e,plicitly that "of the ma>or an( emerging powers) China has the greatest potential to compete militarily with the %nite( "tates=& 'ace/ +it) .)ina2s rising po+er, t)e U&S& an/ (apan are rein,orcing -ilateral security relations -y c)anging (apan2s paci,istic military posture to prevent .)ina ,rom emerging as t)e glo-al an/ regional superpo+er, politically, economically an/ militarily, in t)e coming /eca/es& 7n ;##$, ,or t)e ,irst time t)e joint US<(apanese /e,ense policy statement name/ .)ina as a ="ec rity #hreat=& ; mont)s a,ter, (apan explicitly agree/ +it) US t)at 8ai+an Strait +as a =common strategic concern= o, US an/ (apan& 8)en, (apan announce/ t)e (apanese .oast Duar/ +oul/ o,,icially ta1e control o, t)e (isp te( *iaoy taiJ"en2a2 3slan(s& (apan is also /iscussing +it) US on -uil/ing en)ance/ US comman/ an/ control -ase ,acilities in (apan an/ cooperation on missile /e,ense as +ell as ,orce /eployment& %&"& haw2s now refer to Japan as the "7ritain of the .ar ;ast"& So /esperate to contain .)ina, U&S& even -ro1e its o+n gol/en rule an/ su//enly signe/ a nuclear pact +it) 7n/ia +)o )as long re,use/ to sign t)e N clear Non!0roliferation #reaty CN0#D& 8)e pact opens a Pan/oraLs -ox o, nuclear proli,eration an/ con/emne/ -y 'ormer U&S& Presi/ent (immy .arter as =/ *angero s N clear *eal 'ith 3n(ia=& (apan2s )a-it o, inventing itsel, via i/eas -orro+e/ ,rom ot)er cultures )as o,ten le,t itsel, ,loun/ering ,or national /irection& Since WW77, Japan has faile( to (iscover its place in the worl() instea( allowing in "an infantile (epen(ency on the %&"&= Since t)e en/ o, t)e .ol/ War in "??", U&S& )as repeate/ly pressure/ (apan to revise Article ? o, its constitution& 7n ,act, %&"& has $een (oing everything in its power to enco rage an( even accelerate Japanese rearmament&

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Ho+ever, just in t)e opposite, on Apr& !#, ;##$ t)e lea(ers of China's Comm nist 0arty an( of #aiwan's opposition Nationalist 0arty) the ? si(es that fo ght China's Civil 'ar) formally en(e( 6 (eca(es of hostility with a nationally televise( historic han(sha2e an( ple(ge( to wor2 together to n(ermine #aiwan's 3n(epen(ence movement& 8)e meeting is t)e ,irst -et+een t)e lea/ers o, t)e t+o parties in %# yearsE t)e last +as in t)e +artime re/ou-t o, .)ong*ing, +)en .)iang 9ai<s)e1 an/ Mao Ke/ong ma/e a ,inal, ,aile/ -i/ to reac) a cease<,ire& =8)e parties reac)e/ a common un/erstan/ing on up)ol/ing t)e 2?; consensus, opposing 8ai+anese 7n/epen/ence an/ striving ,or peace an/ sta-ility in t)e 8ai+an Sea,= sai/ in a >oint comm niI R& Aien sai/ )is :</ay visit )a/ nleashe( a process of engagement that hol(s o t the promise of peace) sta$ility an( increase( tra(e& China hosts a ?n( #aiwan opposition party hea(& 7nterestingly, a survey o, glo-al opinion in ;##$ -y t)e Pe+ Cesearc) .entre, an American t)in1 tan1, China has a $etter p $lic image than %&"& in almost all 56 co ntries in 6ritain, 'rance, Polan/, 8ur1ey, Cussia, 7n/onesia etc& Un/er t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %" against H manity, (apanese government +it) its economic po+er, is a-le to +age a sop)isticate/ propagan/a a,ter t)e WW77 : Japan portraye( itself as an /tomic Victim rather than a colonial /trocio s 'ar Criminal& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= resents t)e Japan's transformation of Hiroshima into a mecca of "Japanese Victim!hoo("& Many o, (apanese attitu/es to+ar/s t)e atomic -om- on Hiros)ima are so extreme as to -e lu/icrous& He /ismisses t)em an/ +rote: = /gain) s ch opinions are e,treme& 7 t) > (ging from what appears in Japanese perio(icals an( on $est!seller lists) not that far from the mainstream=& 8)ere are more t)an A:: ltra nationalist gro ps in Japan& #hey are well organise( an( well connecte( with ties to the r ling <*0& Unli1e in Derman +)ere t)e ultra nationalists -asically are out o, t)e mainstream political /e-ate& 3n Japan) they are part of the mainstream& Rightist threats raise fears in Japan& =Speec) an/ journalism in t)is country are ,acing an extremely /i,,icult situation,= Masato 9itamura, c)airman o, t)e (apan Ne+spaper Pu-lis)ers H @/itors Association, tol/ t)e group2s annual meeting recently& Japan's estimate( 5:)::: ltra!rightists) have $ecome increasingly violent in recent years, t)e National Police Agency sai/ in its annual report last year& W)en ruling party la+ma1er 9oic)i 9ato critici5e/ """

a prime minister2s trip to 0asu1uni S)rine, retri-ution ,rom (apan2s rig)t<+ing +as s+i,t: An extremist set )is )ouse on ,ire& =Many people are no+ 1eeping t)eir mont)s s)ut& Parliament is not an exception&= sai/ 9ato& Documents translate/ ,rom t)e !"2s original reports can -e ,oun/ at t)e US Army2s Dug+ay Proving Droun/ in Uta) using t)e 'ree/om o, 7n,ormation Act& 7n "?B%, a,ter 1no+ing t)e unit !" H unit "##, Cussian imme/iately sent a re*uest t)roug) t)e 7nternational 6ureau o, 7nvestigation to prosecute 7s)ii S)iro !"2s comman/er an/ all relate/ personnel, -ut t)e re*uest +as (ismisse( $y %&"& government as a comm nist propagan(a& 7n response, on Dec& ;$, "?B?, Josef "talin or(ere( the Kha$arovs2 #rial& Gla/islav 6ogac), aut)or o, a -oo1 a-out t)e trial =- tlaw 'eapon=, +rote =experts prove/ t)at in one cycle, up to !## 1g o, plague -acteria, :##<?## 1g o, typ)oi/ an/ a-out a ton o, c)olera +ere pro/uce/& 7n one unit, t)ere +ere "!,### rats &&& 8)e output o, incu-ators +as B$ 1g o, in,ecte/ ,leas /uring !<B mont)s&= As t)e trial en/e/, t)e /aily Suvorovs1y natis1 expresse/ its anger, =#hese are not h mans the military co rt is tryingL they are monsters an( villains) an( there is no proper wor( in h man lang age to characterize them &&&&= "#hey have no sympathy &&& #he Japanese were ro$ots&= Ho+ever, unli1e t)e N rem$erg #rial an/ #o2yo #rial, in +)ic) )ig)<ran1ing Derman an/ (apanese o,,icials +ere )ange/ or li,e sentence/, in 9)a-arovs1 trials t)e +ar criminals +ere mostly sentence/ to terms o, only ;# to ;$ years& Several years later, all +ere *uietly sent -ac1 to (apan an/ ,ree/ in "?$%& 8)e interrogation reports, some ": volumes +ere never release/& Many Western )istorians )ave critici5e/ Soviet ,or )an/ing /o+n suc) lig)t sentences& =My g ess is that the "oviet ma(e a (eal with the Japanese similar to the one complete( $y the /mericans= Harris sai/& A "! <page counterintelligence ,ile ,rom t)e National Arc)ives +)ic) )a/ -een /eclassi,ie/, ma1es it clear t)at U&S& intelligence agents not only covere/ up +ar crimes against Americans, -ut also aggressively protecte/ t)e arc)itect o, t)ose crimes, At& Den& S)iro 7s)ii& "";

=At t)e re*uest o, Nationalist .)inese o,,icials +)o )ear/ a-out =-acteriological experiments upon .)inese an/ Americans as )uman guinea pigs,= t)e U&S& counterintelligence corps prepare/ a report on 7s)ii, t)e )ea/ o, Unit !", accor/ing to a (uly ;B, "?B , memo& 8)e /ocument ma1es it clear t)at a )ig)<level U&S& intelligence o,,icer, .ol& P)ilip 6et)une, *uas)e/ t)e report a,ter in,orming )is agents t)at =no information is to $e release( to any agent as (ata on s $>ect is classifie( as top secret&= 8)e agent +)o +rote t)e memo, i/enti,ie/ only -y t)e initials WS., also +rote t)at =.ol& 6et)une /esires no ,urt)er action -e ta1en in t)is case& No ,urt)er action +as ta1en&= Mont)s later, on April "$, "?B:, it +as note/ ,or t)e recor/ t)at =7t is o, a )ig)ly sensitive nature, an/ t)at every preca tion m st $e ta2en to maintain its secrecy&= A report /ate/ April ":, "?B ,rom t)e legal section o, Den& MacArt)ur2s )ea/*uarters, speci,ying t)at t)e Unit !" investigation +as =un/er /irect (oint .)ie,s o, Sta,, or/er&= =@very step, interrogation, or contact must -e coor/inate/ +it) t)is section,= sai/ t)e report -y At& Neal C& Smit) o, Ceport o, 7nvestigation Division, Aegal Section, = #he tmost secrecy is essential in or(er to protect the interests of the %nite( "tates an( to g ar( against em$arrassment&= Some o, t)e reports +ere la-ele/ =.omman/er in .)ie,= t)at leaves little /ou-t t)at US Presi/ent 8ruman +as in,orme/ o, t)e events& Presi/ent 8ruman also +it)/re+ t)e 5A?4 Geneva 0rotocol o tlawing Chemical an( 7iological 'eapons ,rom Senate rati,ication o, protocol in "?B & A separate in*uiries +ere ma/e -y t)e 7nternational Prosecution Section 37PS4& 7ts la+yers gat)ere/ evi/ence inclu/ing /etaile/ statements ,rom /e,ecting (apanese -io<scientists ,rom Ping,an& 8)e latter testi,ie/ to )uman live vivisection, t)e /umping o, let)al germs in .)inese +ater supplies an/ ,oo/ stores, as +ell as aerial spraying& 0et all was silence( even tho gh the information went to the top& 30" (oc ments stampe( "to $e rea( $y the Comman(er!in!Chief %&"& forces" were sent to 0resi(ent Harry #r man in 5AG8& Gast arc)ive o, Japanese military recor(s that co l( confirm Japanese e,treme war crimes) were in the han(s of %&"& for A years a,ter t)e +ar& 8)e /ocuments, ,irst screene/ -y t)e .7A, inclu/e )un/re/s o, t)ousan/s o, pages o, War Ministry recor/s ,rom ":%: to "?B;, Naval Ministry recor/s ,rom ":%: to "?!? an/ operational recor/s o, many units t)roug)out t)e +ar inclu/ing Unit !"& 7n "?B: t)e .7A turne/ over t)e recor/s to t)e National Arc)ives, +it) no in/ication o, +)at, i, anyt)ing, )a/ -een remove/& 3n 5A48) all Japanese military recor(s were or(ere( to $e ret rne( to Japan& .oncerne/ over t)e potential loss, a group o, sc)olars inclu/ing @/+in O& Ceisc)auer o, Harvar/ University an/ (o)n 0oung o, Deorgeto+n University, o-taine/ a 'or/ 'oun/ation grant to )urrie/ly micro,ilm +)at t)ey coul/& 3n .e$r ary 5A4E) after a$o t 4 F of the ""!

recor(s were copie() 1o ng recalle( in an interview) the (oc ments were sent to 7altimore an( loa(e( a$oar( a ship for Japan& =8)ere +as no +ay +e coul/ rea/ t)em all,= sai/ 0oung, +)o /eplore/ t)e loss& 0oung, +)o assiste/ Allie/ +ar crimes investigators in .)ina a,ter t)e +ar, compile/ a "BB< page in/ex to t)e pages t)at +ere micro,ilme/& A micro,ilm set +as presente/ to t)e National Diet Ai-rary in 8o1yo, =/n irony) 1o ng sai() consi(ering that Japan has now close( off the collection& "3 can tell yo fran2ly) the militarists felt relieve()" 1o ng sai(& "/s a historian 3 co l(n't stan( it&= 8)is issue +as also raise/ in t)e "?:%2s congress PoW )earing& (o)n H& Hatc)er, Army Cecor/ Management o, US Army explaine/, =-ecause t)e pro-lem o, lang age was too (iffic lt ,or us to overcome=, t)ere,ore all recor/s +ere returne/ to (apan& Su-committee mem-er Solomon +as stunne/, =to say that (i(n't have the e,pertise in this co ntry to translate those recor(s is almost incomprehensi$le&" 3t clearly in(icate( that the s $committee mem$ers $elieve( that there was a Cover! p& 7t +as until Dec& !, "??%, U&S& (ustice Department2s O,,ice o, Special 7nvestigations 3OS74 +)ic) )as ,ocuse/ almost exclusively on Na5i +ar criminals /espite its man/ate to pursue 6O8H Na5is an/ t)eir allies, ,inally too1 its .3R"# "#;0 towar( re(ressing this im$alance $y a((ing the .3R"# 56 Japanese war criminal names on the "'atch <ist" CHoltzman /men(mentD since it was legislate( in 5A8E for (enying more than 6:)::: Nazi German) / strian) an( 3talian war criminals entry to %&"& Ho+ever, (apan is -loc1ing pro-e o, War .riminals an/ re,use/ to cooperate +it) t)e (ustice Department to put t)e names o, several )un/re/ surviving criminals on t)e 'atch <ist& =Japan is the -N<1 co ntry in the worl( from whom we see2 assistance that (oes not provi(e it&= sai/ @li M& Cosen-aum, /irector o, t)e (ustice Department2s o,,ice o, Special 7nvestigations& Cosen-aum sai/ )is o,,ice )as -een a-le to i/enti,y fewer than 4: Japanese s spects compare to 6:)::: Na5i, Austrian, an/ 7talian +ar criminals on t)e ='atch <ist= =/fter the war) they were not p nishe() so why is the %&"& government (ealing with this pro$lem now += sai/ Masao O1onogi, pro,essor o, political science at 9eio University in 8o1yo& =8)is seems to me remar1a-ly )ypocritical& At t)e en/ o, WW77, t)e %&"& occ pying force was aware of the information a$o t %nit 895 $ t (eli$erately e,onerate( the men in ret rn for their agreement to $e (e$riefe( on the fin(ings of their atrocio s e,periments& 'e agree( to Cover! p their crimes&= sai/ (o)n Do+er, M78 pro,essor an/ specialist on mo/ern (apanese )istory an/ US relations&

""B

7n t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty 3S'P84 process, t)e interests o, Asian people an/ countries -rutally victimi5e/ -y t)e (apanese 7mperial Army +ere mostly ignore/& #his #reaty ha( ca se( m ch controversial from the very $eginning& /fter 4G years) the #reaty still remains very m ch controversial to(ay& *espite the protests $y /sian co ntries most affecte( $y the Japanese aggression) %&"& (i( N-# even invite China C$oth mainlan(!0eople's Rep $lic of China an( #aiwan! Rep $lic of ChinaD an( Korea C$oth North an( "o thD& "oviet %nion) 3n(ia an( 7 rma ref se( to participate& 9 signatories from /sia CVietnam) Cam$o(ia) an( <aosD were act ally representatives of the .rench colonial regime& -nly G /sian co ntries signe( the treaty& -f these G) 3n(onesia signe( the treaty $ t never ratifie( it& #he 0hilippine reserve( its signat res an( (i( not ratify the treaty& "o in fact) the -N<1 /sian co ntries that s pporte( the ".0# were 0a2istan an( Ceylon) $oth colonies of 7ritain p till that time& 'urt)ermore, U&S& ,eare/ t)at Dutc)2s re,usal o, signing t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty mig)t lea/ t)e Unite/ 9ing/om, Australia an/ Ne+ Kealan/ to /rop out as +ell, so on t)e /ay -e,ore an/ t)e morning o, t)e treaty signing ceremony, %&"& principal negotiator) John .oster * lles) orchestrate( a " "ecret *eal " with e,change of confi(ential letters $etween the minister of foreign affairs of the Netherlan(s) *ir2 "ti22er) an( Japanese 0rime Minister "higer 1oshi(a& 0os)i/a ple/ge/ t)at =t)e Dovernment o, (apan /oes not consi/er t)at t)e Dovernment o, t)e Net)erlan/s -y signing t)e 8reaty )as itsel, expropriate/ t)e private claims o, its nationals so t)at, as a conse*uence t)ereo,, a,ter t)e 8reaty comes into ,orce t)ese claims +oul/ -e non< existent&= #he (eal an( letters ha( to $e 2ept secret $eca se /rticle ?6 of the #reaty states t)at, =s)oul/ (apan ma1e a peace settlement or +ar claims settlement +it) any State granting t)at State greater a/vantages t)an t)ose provi/e/ -y t)e present 8reaty, t)ose same a/vantages s)all -e exten/e/ to t)e parties to t)e present 8reaty&= 7n "?$%, t)e Dutc) /i/ success,ully pursue a claim against (apan on -e)al, o, private citi5ens& (apan pai/ N"# million as a +ay o, =expressing sympat)y an/ regret&= A year -e,ore, t)e 6ritis) note/ t+o ot)er instances in +)ic) governments )a/ ma/e /eals +it) (apan ,or reparations: a settlement +it) 6urma t)at provi/e/ reparations, services an/ investments amounting, over "# years, to N;$# millionE an/ an agreement +it) S+it5erlan/ t)at provi/e/ =compensation ,or maltreatment, personal injury an/ loss arising ,rom acts illegal un/er t)e rules o, +ar&=

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#he letters were finally (eclassifie( in /pril ?:::, -y +)ic) time most potential claimants +ere pro-a-ly all /ea/& 'ith the " "ecret *eal " an( $y withhol(ing (oc ments) the %&"& has significantly contri$ te( an( playe( a ma>or role in Japan's historical amnesia& (apan su-se*uently signe/ treaties +it) ot)er States, inclu/ing t)e +ar claims settlements& 7oth %&"& an( Japan p rposely ignore( witho t honoring the provision of /rticle ?6 an/ continues to /eny its -oun/e/ responsi-ility to compensate its +artime victims to t)is /ay& 'or /etails, re,er to "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty@ Has J stice 7een "erve( an( 0eace "ec re( + , an/ / J st 0eace + #he 5A45 "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty in Historical 0erspective& =#hose of s who really $elieve in h man rights $elieve that > stice has not $een achieve( $y the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty,= sai/ Aillian Sing, a San 'rancisco Superior .ourt ju/ge& =Japan's historical amnesia is a res lt of coll sion $etween the %&"& an( Japan,= sai/ Mar1 Sel/en, a )istory pro,essor at t)e State University o, Ne+ 0or1, =#hat coll sion reache( its height in the "an .rancisco #reaty of 5A45&= -ecause t)e treaty -ecomes an o-stacle to a ,ull rec1oning o, t)e su,,ering (apan in,licte/ on ot)er Asians an/ on American PoW& 0eace #reaty loc2e( Japan into a flawe( 0resent& (o)n Do+er in )is recent -oo1, ;m$racing *efeat: =-ne of the most pernicio s aspects of the occ pation was that the /sian peoples who ha( s ffere( most from imperial Japan's (epre(ations !! the Chinese) Koreans) 3n(onesians) an( .ilipinos ha( no serio s role) no infl ential presence at all in the (efeate( lan(& #hey $ecame invisi$le& Asian contri-utions to /e,eating t)e emperor2s sol/iers an/ sailors +ere /isplace/ -y an all<consuming ,ocus on t)e American victory in t)e Paci,ic War=& "an .ransisco 0eace #reaty is therefore an n!prece(ente( 73G "ell!- t of all co ntries in /sia an( /llie( 0o's $y %&"& 7n Oct& "???, in a <etter to "enator *ianne .einstein for the 7ill "&A5:? , i&e& t)e *isclos re /ct of Japanese 'ar Crime *oc ments, History Pro,essor S)el/on H& Harris o, .ali,ornia State University emp)atically state/ in )is letter t)at : ""%

8)e ="sensitive" (oc ments as (efine( $y archivists an( .-3/ officers are at the moment $eing (estroye(&&&&&& #hree e,amples of this wanton (estr ction&&&&&&= -y U&S& "& =7n "??", t)e Ai-rarian at Dug+ay Proving Droun/s, Dug+ay, Uta), /enie/ me access to t)e arc)ives at t)e ,acility& 7t +as only t)roug) t)e intervention o, t)en U&S& Cepresentative Wayne O+ens, Dem&, Uta), t)at 7 +as given permission to visit t)e ,acility& 7 +as not s)o+n all t)e )ol/ings relating to (apanese me/ical experiments, -ut t)e little 7 +as permitte/ to examine reveale/ a great /eal o, in,ormation a-out me/ical +ar crimes& Sometimes a,ter my visit, a person +it) intimate 1no+le/ge o, Dug+ay2s operations, informe( me that "sensitive" (oc ments were (estroye( there as a (irect res lt of my research in their li$rary&= ;& =7 con/ucte/ muc) o, my American researc) at 'ort Detric1 in 're/eric1, M/& 8)e Pu-lic 7n,ormation O,,icer t)ere +as extremely )elp,ul to me& 8+o +ee1s ago 7 telep)one/ Detric1, +as in,orme/ t)at t)e P7O )a/ retire/ last May& 7 spo1e +it) t)e ne+ P7O, +)o tol/ me t)at Detric1 no longer +oul/ /iscuss past researc) activities, -ut +oul/ /isclose in,ormation only on current projects& Aater t)at /ay 7 telep)one/ t)e retire/ P7O at )is )ome& He informe( me that pon retiring he was tol( to "get ri( of that st ff") meaning incriminating (oc ments relating to Japanese me(ical war crimes& Detric1 no longer is a via-le researc) center ,or )istorians&= !& =Wit)in t)e past ; +ee1s, 3 was informe( that the 0entagon) for "space reasons") (eci(e( to ri( itself of all $iological warfare (oc ments in its hol(ings prior to 5AGA& 8)e /ate is important, -ecause all +ar crimes trials against accuse/ (apanese +ar criminals +ere terminate/ -y "?B?& 8)us, current Pentagon materials coul/ not implicate allege/ (apanese +ar criminals& 'ortunately, a private researc) ,acility in Was)ington volunteere/ to retrieve t)e /ocuments in *uestion& 8)is researc) ,acility no+ )ol/s t)e /ocuments, is currently cataloguing t)em 3estimate/ completion time, at least t+elve mont)s4, an/ is guar/ing t)e /ocuments un/er =tig)t security=& 7n a "atellite Vi(eo <in2 Conference of Japanese 'ar Crimes in "??:, S)el/on Harris, pro,essor emeritus o, )istory at .ali,ornia State University an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1, =.actories of *eath@ Japanese 7iological 'arfare 5A9?!G4 an( the /merican Cover! p= stresse/ t)at : =#he %&"& government is as c lpa$le for inaction as Japan) an( the Cana(ian) 7ritish) * tch an( / stralian governments 2new a$o t it &&& 'hile the %" "$ears a ma>or responsi$ility" for the cover p of %nit 895) the greater responsi$ility lies with Japanese&= (ustice 6&G&A Coling, t)e only surviving ju/ge ,rom t)e 7nternational Military 8ri-unal ,or t)e 'ar @ast, complaine/ t)at no +or/ a-out -iological +ar,are )a/ -een o,,ere/ in evi/ence& He +rote: =3t is a $itter e,perience for me to $e informe( now that centrally or(ere( Japanese war criminality of the most (isg sting 2in( was 2ept secret from the co rt $y the %&"& government&= Na5i /octors +ere )el/ accounta-le ,or t)eir crimes in t)e ,amous "?B =N rem$erg *octors #rials") $ t there were N- compara$le "Japanese *octors #rial"&

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.)ristop)er Cee/ is a journalist, living in (apan& He +rote, =-n my (es2 are two (oc ments previo sly mar2e( #op "ecret an( (ate( J ly 5AG8& #hey show not only f ll %&"& participation in allowing the Japanese me(ical tort rers who escape( to #o2yo to go free in e,change for information) $ t that the 0entagon act ally pai( them&

Starting ,rom 9orea, in t)e course o, B$ years, (apanese gol/ )unting expert teams accompanying (apan2s arme/ ,orces )a/ systematically emptie/ treasuries, -an1s, ,actories, private )omes, pa+n s)ops, art galleries, an/ strippe/ or/inary people, +)ile (apan2s top gangsters loote/ Asia2s un/er+orl/ an/ -lac1 economy& .or G4 year) Japan systematically loote( wealth of 5? /sian co ntries acc m late( over tho san(s of years: currency, gol/, platinum, silver, /iamon/s, gemstones, je+elry, cultural treasures, valua-le ancient -oo1s, priceless manuscripts, religious arti,acts, art+or1s an/ )istoric arti,acts, an/ anti*ues inclu/ing more t)an a /o5en soli/ gol/ 6u//)as, eac) +eig)ing more t)an a ton& 8)e looting an/ plun/ering, +)ic) +as ,ar more t)oroug) t)an t)e Na5is, -ecame t)e (apanese +ay to ,inance its -rutal +ar& 3n China alone) Japan loote( 6)::: tonnes of gol( from Chinese capital Nan>ing in "?!:& W)en t)e plun/er +as later una-le to -e s)ippe/ to (apan /ue to US su-marine -loc1a/e, t)e treasure o, Gol(en <ily +as -urie/ in P)ilippine, 1no+n as t)e =1amashita's Gol(=, estimate/ %"H 4:: $illion!pl s of wealth loote( from 5? /sian co ntries acc m late( over tho san(s of years& S)oc1ing /etails o, t)e (apanese criminal enric)ment coul/ -e ,oun/ in t)e controversial -oo1 Gol( 'arriors@ /merica's "ecret Recovery of 1amashita's Gol(, -ac1e/ up -y massive amounts o, t)e aut)or2s ra+ researc) material, +)ic) is availa-le in ? C*!R-Ms containing more than A:: mega$ytes of (oc ments) interviews) maps an( photographs assem-le/ /uring t)eir meticulous researc) ,or in/epen/ent veri,ication& / "wiss co rt (isclose( in 5AA8 that one of the soli( gol( 7 ((has is now in a $an2 va lt $eneath N rich's Kloten /irport) along with a large I antity of other gol( $ llion recovere( $y former 0hilippine presi(ent .er(inan( Marcos an( hel( in Marcos family acco nts& 7n "?? , a team ,rom Japan's /sahi television was le( to a mo ntain cave in the 0hilippine) where they filme( an( e,amine( 5)E:: of these $ars) worth H54: million) an( (rille( core samples that confirme( their province& A,ter (apan2s surren/er, some gol/s +ere recovere/ -y U&S& 6ut U&S& /eci/e/ to steal an/ criminally enric) itsel, instea/ o, returning to its rig)t,ul Asian o+ner ,or t)eir /esperate recovery a,ter War&

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Accor/ing to t)e Seagraves, %" financial e,perts from C3/ instr cte( "anta Romana to (eposit the gol( in 586 relia$le $an2s in G? (ifferent co ntries& 3nstea( of ret rning these loote( gol( to the rightf l owners of /sian co ntries for recovery in the aftermath of ''33) %&"& criminally enriche( itself $y stealing these loote( gol( an( set p "l sh . n(s to finance an( infl ence politics aro n( the worl( for its own interests& 8)e slus) ,un/s -ecame US political +orl/+i/e action ,un/ to ,ig)t communism& 8)e most ,amous one is 1no+n as t)e 7lac2 ;agle #r st, or t)e M!. n( to rein,orce t)e treasuries o, its allies, -ri-e political lea/ers, manipulate politics, military, economics an/ elections aroun/ t)e +orl/& =8rut) is somet)ing governments /o not +is) to -e 1no+n& 6ig corporate me/ia an/ -ootlic1ing aca/emics )ave trie/ to un/ermine our -oo1s -y preten/ing t)ey /on2t exist or saying t)at t)e M!. n( is imaginary& 7 t loo2 at the C*!R-Ms& "ecrecy) lying an( corr ption have $ecome the official seal of #o2yo an( 'ashington= says Peggy Seagrave& #he fact that the %&"& still ref ses to (eclassify relevant -""JC3/ materials) in $latant contravention of %&"& .ree(om of 3nformation laws) strongly s ggests to many scholars an( historians that there is something serio s to Cover! p& /fter t)e +ar, accor/ing to Segraves, %" se( the loote( treas re from /sia as sort of Japanese Marshall 0lan to re<-uil/ (apan, an/ /evelop (apanese 1ey in/ustries suc) as coal, iron, s)ip-uil/ing an/ electric po+er ,or (apan2s so<calle/ =@conomic Miracle Cecovery= an/ as -ul+ar1 against communism& "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty reveals t)at t)e reparations matter +as postpone/ until (apan )as t)e ,inancial means to pay& #o cover! p) %&"& insiste( that Japan was $a(ly (amage( an( $an2r pt when the war en(e(& 3n fact) few factories an( mansions were (estroye( or even serio sly (amage() an( there was little (amage to the infrastr ct re& (apanese in/ustries +ere /isperse/ +i/ely an/ largely conceale/ ,rom air attac1& Accor/ing to )istorian (o)n W& Do+er, aut)or o, ;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33, t)e financial centers) transportation infrastr ct re) an( p $lic tilities in Japan remaine( largely intact& .ar from $eing $an2r pte( $y the 'ar) Japan ha( $een greatly an( criminally enriche( $y the 0l n(er of /sia after the 'ar& A,ter t)e +ar, U&S& playe/ a central role in re/ress activities targeting Dermany& Ho+ever, U&S& State Department vigorously oppose/ ,ormer Allie/ PoWs reparations campaign against (apan, an/ insists t)at t)e San 'rancisco Peace 8reaty as preclu/ing in/ivi/ual claims against ""?

(apanese companies& As a result ot)er Allie/ nations, e&g& 6ritan, .ana/a pressure/ -y U&S&,)ave compensate/ t)eir o+n ex<PoWs +it) o+n ,un/s in recent years& A,ter t)e +ar, t)e a-use o, t)e allie/ PoWs in Slave camps +as vigorously prosecute/& 6ut in cases, +)ere t)e victims +ere .)inese Slaves, o,ten igonore/& e&g& 7n 0o1o)ama +ar crimes trials )an/e/ /o+n %# guilty ver/icts inclu/ing : /eat) sentences ,or atrocities against Allie/ PoWs in Niigata Pre,ecture& 7 t N- charges were even file( for the Chinese "laves enslave( at the "/M; port facilities an( were #'3C; as li2ely to have (ie( & 8)e iss e of force( Chinese "laves was simply ignore( in t)e 8o1yo 8rials& 7n "??!, (apanese NH9 -roa/caste/ a a+ar/<+inning /ocumentary calle/ =#he 0hantom .oreign Ministry Report@ #he recor( of Chinese force( la$or=& NH9 +ent to U&S& an/ intervie+e/ t)e ,ormer .)inese Slaves investigator William Simpson, =/merican a thorities lost interest in prosec ting force( la$or &&&&& $eca se these were people we wante( to wor2 with in the Col( 'ar as allies&= sai/ Simpson& %sing this o$vio s %&"& (o $le!stan(ar( in the #o2yo #rials) Japanese company Mits $ishi asserte( that the lac2 of "lave 'ar Crimes prosec tions against the company proves its innocence in t)e Slave la+suits& 7n t)e court, Mitsu-is)i not only /enie/ t)e )istorical ,acts routinely recogni5e/ -y ot)er (apanese courts, also criticise/ 8o1yo 8rials, even openly I estioning whether Japan ever "inva(e(" China at all& Despite t)e +i/esprea/ prevalence o, +)at +as essentially institutionali5e/ Mass Cape, t)e iss e of "e, "laves was also ignore( -y t)e 7nternational Military 8ri-unal ,or t)e 'ar @ast, set up a,ter t)e WW77 to prosecute (apan2s +ar criminals& 8)e (apanese -rutal colonial rule o, 8ai+an an/ 9orea +as also ignore/ at t)e 8o1yo 8ri-unal& Peter .alvocoressi, aut)or o, t)e -oo1 "#otal 'ar", +rote ='hat seems I ite incre(i$le is that the cover! p conspiracy ! for it is $y no means a (emonological e,aggeration to spea2 of it as a conspiracy ! was maintaine( thro gho t the three years which elapse( $etween the Japanese (efeat an( the concl sion of the #o2yo #rial &&& an( that &&& this conspiracy was s staine( for so long afterwar(s&= Un/er t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity, (apanese government +it) its economic po+er, is a-le to +age a sop)isticate/ propagan/a a,ter t)e +ar: Japan portraye( itself as an /tomic Victim rather than a colonial /trocio s 'ar Criminal& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= resents t)e Japan's transformation of ";#

Hiroshima into a mecca of "Japanese Victim!hoo("& Many o, (apanese attitu/es to+ar/s t)e atomic -om- on Hiros)ima are so extreme as to -e lu/icrous& He /ismisses t)em an/ +rote: = /gain) s ch opinions are e,treme& 7 t) > (ging from what appears in Japanese perio(icals an( on $est!seller lists) not that far from the mainstream=& 8)ere are more t)an A:: ltra nationalist gro ps in Japan& #hey are well organise( an( well connecte( with ties to the r ling <*0& Unli1e in Derman +)ere t)e ultra nationalists -asically are out o, t)e mainstream political /e-ate& 3n Japan) they are part of the mainstream& Rightist threats raise fears in Japan& =Speec) an/ journalism in t)is country are ,acing an extremely /i,,icult situation,= Masato 9itamura, c)airman o, t)e (apan Ne+spaper Pu-lis)ers H @/itors Association, tol/ t)e group2s annual meeting recently& Japan's estimate( 5:)::: ltra!rightists) have $ecome increasingly violent in recent years, t)e National Police Agency sai/ in its annual report last year& W)en ruling party la+ma1er 9oic)i 9ato critici5e/ a prime minister2s trip to 0asu1uni S)rine, retri-ution ,rom (apan2s rig)t<+ing +as s+i,t: An extremist set )is )ouse on ,ire& =Many people are no+ 1eeping t)eir mont)s s)ut& Parliament is not an exception&= sai/ 9ato& Minoru Morita, a 8o1yo<-ase/ political analyst sai/, =8)ese /ays +e very o,ten )ear more e,perts say p $licly that the %&"& wants s ch a(versary relationship $etween China an( Japan an( that's why they remain "3<;N#&= (apan )as no+ -eing a-le to s1irt t)e soul<searc)ing ,or its War .rimes ,or more t)an )al, century& Most people )ave terme/ it =#he .orgotten /sian Holoca st=& 'rom )istory, +e 1no+ t)at Militarism is e,treme "tate!#errorism& 7ronically, (apanese War .rimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& 'umi1o Na1amura, a ?"<year<ol/ ,ormer pu-lic sc)ool teac)er, can2t s)a1e t)e pro,oun/ remorse s)e ,eels& Ms& Na1amura use/ to ex)ort )er stu/ents to ,ig)t ,or t)e @mperor& S)e is /eeply as)ame/ o, )er involvement in t)e +ar& = 3 will carry this sin as long as 3 live,= s)e says& As (apan expan/s its military roles a-roa/, )er voice )as gro+n lou/er& No+ t)at some (apanese lea/ers +ant to turn t)e =Sel,<De,ense 'orces= into 'ull<'le/ge/ Military, A5!years! ol( woman has $ecome more vocal than ever& "3 see certain parallels $etween present sit ations in Japan an( in the pre!war perio(,= s)e +arns& ";"

Noria1i 9amiya, a )ig) sc)ool social stu/ies teac)er in Nagoya& Cat)er t)an )i/ing )is ,amily )istory, 9amiya tal1e/ a-out it in )is classroom an/ aroun/ (apan& At ,irst )e re,erre/ to )is ,at)er o-li*uely, as an =ac*uaintance&= 6ut in "??$, a young Diet mem-er /eclare/ t)at )er generation -ore no responsi-ility ,or +artime atrocities, an/ )e sees +orrying signs o, a revival o, t)e same 1in/ o, nationalistic t)in1ing& So )e -egan spea1ing openly& = Japan has emphasize( the part of Japanese as victims) s ch as in Hiroshima& 7 t it hasn't to che( the shamef l parts&= sai/ 9amiya& 8)e Asia Peace Alliance o, (apan in (apan +)ic) )as support ,rom %B organi5ations +arne/ t)at nationalism is on t)e rise an/ more s)oul/ -e /one to prevent t)e younger generation ,rom t)in1ing t)at (apanese militarism is t)e +ay to go& =@veryt)ing 7 )ear t)ese /ays ma1es me really upset,= sai/ Sunao 8su-oi, no+ :# +as a university stu/ent +)en t)e -om- explo/e/ over Hiros)ima& =3 get a strong feeling that Japan is leaning to the right) that we're going (own a roa( that we've $een (own $efore,= His ,ace still visi-ly scarre/ ,rom t)e atomic -urns an/ is +orrie/ (apan may again -e )ea/e/ /o+n t)e pat) o, militarism& 9in)i/e Mus)a1oji, Pro,essor o, Osa1a University o, @conomics an/ Aa+, sai/: =No+ +e2re part o, t)e +est an/ militarizing in s pport of the /merican government& 0eople thin2 it's right) #hat's what's really the pro$lem 3'm concerne( a$o t&= 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B &

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8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years atrocio s ''33&

Japan's "o l "earching

Not only +ere t)e perpetrators not punis)e/ a,ter t)e +ar, No$ s 2e Kishi who oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later even ma(e all the way to $ecame 0rime Minister of Japan in 5A48& -2inori Kaya) a Class!/ 'ar Criminal for life imprisonment) parole( in 5A44) later $ecame J stice Minister& "higemits Mamor ) Class!/ 'ar Criminal sentence( to 8 years' imprisonment) $ecame *ep ty 0rime Minister an( .oreign Minister in 5A4G& #he hea( of %nit 895) "hiro 3shii was permitte( to contin e me(ical research in Japan after the war& Ryoichi Naito) 3shii's right!han( man) fo n(e( Green Cross pharmace tical companies) other %nit 895 lea(ers >oine( him there& Many (irectors of JN3H CJapan National 3nstit te of HealthD ha( serve( in $iological warfare nit an( involve( in h man e,periments& "ome went on to $ecome Governor of #o2yo) 0resi(ents of niversities) *eans of me(ical schools) Hea(s of p $lic health agencies) Hea( of Japan -lympic Committee) 2ey position in Japanese (r g an( me(ical companies) lawma2ers an( in( strialists& Ko$ayashi Ro2 zo Na2ag ro Hi(etoshi Naito Ryoichi Kitano Masa>i Kas ga Ch ichi 1oshim ra Hisato 1amana2a Moto2i -2amato Kozo #ana2a Hi(eo 3shi2awa #achiomar Kasahara "hiro Presi/ent Presi/ent Presi/ent Presi/ent Presi/ent Presi/ent Dean Dean Presi/ent Gice presi/ent National @pi/emic Prevention 7nstitute De,ence 'orces Me/ical Sc)ool Dreen .ross 8rio<9en+oo/ 9yoto Municipal Me/ical University Osa1a Municipal Me/ical University 9yoto University Me/ical Osa1a Municipal University Me/ical 9ana5a+a University Me/ical 9itasato Hospital

.)ie, @xecutive Dreen .ross

(apanese veterans, +ar +i/o+s, ,amilies o, t)ose 1ille/ in action, civilians employe/ -y t)e military, an/ citi5ens mo-ili5e/ ,or t)e +ar, all receive generous -ene,its ,rom (apanese government un/er t)e entitlement program&

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7n "?$B, (apanese government even revise/ t)e Pensions Aa+ to assist War .riminals ,or t)eir pensions an/ compensation& Japanese 'ar Criminals receive( f ll military pensions an( $enefits from Japanese government) 7 t millions of their victims an( families s ffere() an( contin e to s ffer in poverty) shame) chronic physical an( mental pain) 'M* *eath #oll an( 'M* 3n> ries incl (ing Chil(ren contin e to rise ( e to Japanese a$an(on(e( 'M* weapons to this (ay &&&&&&&&& (apanese government o,,icials an/ rig)t<+ingers, even some mo/erates, insist t)at all claims resulte/ ,rom (apanese WW 77 transgression )ave -een settle/ -y t)e "?$" "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty t)at (apan )a/ pai/ t)e international Ce/ .ross t)e e*uivalent o, a-out N" a /ay ,or misse/ meal an/ N"&$ per /ay ,or unpai/ +ages ,or PoW +)ile t)e Allies agree/ not to -ring War .rimes c)arges against it, -y citing t)e provision in Article "% in +)ic) Allie/ nations agree/ to +aive all reparations in lig)t o, t)e post+ar ,inancial )ar/s)ip (apan +as experiencing& 8)ey also claim t)at (apan )as pai/ a total o, ; -illion /ollars to ; nations, trans,er o, (apanese capital e*uipment, ,acilities, ot)er assets to nations a-roa/, an/ an apology was offere( $y Japanese 0rime Minister #omichi M rayama in Aug& "??$& 7 t his apology was only a personal one& He faile( to ma2e a formal an( official apology in the so!calle( "No 'ar Resol tion"& Only ;%P o, t)e /iet mem-ers supporte/ t)e Cesolution an/ B P +ere against it& 'urt)ermore, t)e ex<e/ucation minister Seisu1e O1uno manage/ to organi5e a national campaign an/ collecte/ B&$ million signatures against t)e Cesolution& 8)e revise/ version )a/ t)e official apology (elete(& .ritics also pointe/ out t)at t)e -ul1 o, H?8 $illion (i( N-# come from its coffer& 3t was the relief f n(s the /llie( sent to the 0o's in t)e (apanese camps t)roug)t t)e 7nternational .ommittee o, Ce/ .ross an/ t)ey +as illegally seize( $y the 7an2 of Japan in (irect violation of the Geneva Convention& (apan only returne/ t)em to S+it5erlan/ as part o, t)e "?$" "an .rencisco 0eace #reaty settlement& 8)e ret rne( properties were loote( $y the Japanese /rmy& #hey were har(ly any "reparations" $ t solely stolen goo(s& Co ntless artwor2) ancient antiI es) val a$le $oo2s an( intellect al properties from China an( other nations are still sitting in Japan's m se ms an( private collections to this (ay& Over B$ years, (apan systematically loote( wealth of 5? /sian co ntries acc m late( over tho san(s of years: currency, gol/, platinum, silver, /iamon/s, gemstones, je+elry, cultural treasures, religious arti,acts, art an/ anti*ues inclu/ing more t)an a /o5en soli/ gol/ 6u//)as, eac) +eig)ing more t)an a ton& 8)e looting an/ plun/ering, +)ic) +as ,ar more t)oroug) t)an t)e Na5is, -ecame t)e

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(apanese +ay to ,inance its -rutal +ar& 3n China alone) Japan loote( 6)::: tonnes of gol( from Chinese capital Nan>ing in "?!:& .ar from $eing $an2r pte( $y the 'ar) Japan ha( $een greatly an( criminally enriche( $y the 0l n(er of /sia after the 'ar& "tolen artifacts from /sia fo n( in Japan 7t is estimate/ t)at (apan )a/ loote( more than ?&8 million $oo2s from China& /fter the war only 54E)E89 $oo2s were ret rne(& (apan2s -*/ C-fficial *evelopment /ssistanceD to .)ina -egins at "? ? +)en .)ina )as ,inally -egan its open /oor policy ,or economic /evelopment a,ter su,,ering almost !# long years o, irrational political turmoil& 6ut .)ina lac1e/ capital +)ile /evelope/ countries )a/ large *uantities o, i/le money& Alt)oug) -*/ +as o,ten critici5e/ as t)e = Chec2$oo2 *iplomacy=, it )as /e,initely provi/e/ some -ene,its ,or -ot) si/es& 6y )elping .)ina2s in,rastructural ,acilities, (apan )as pave/ t)e roa/ ,or its o+n (apanese company -usiness an enormous economic opportunity in .)ina, an/ is alrea/y (apan2s largest tra/ing partner& China is wi(ely cre(ite( with having p lle( Japan o t of its years of economic stagnation as alrea/y s)o+n in recent economic recovery& .)ina in late #s an/ early :#s, +as still an energy export country& 8)e -*/ also )elpe/ (apan /iversi,y its energy import sources an/ re/uce reliance on Mi//le @ast at t)at time& (apan2s -*/ ,or .)ina comprises ! parts: long<term loans, ,ree grants an/ tec)nical assistance& #otal Japanese -*/ to China is a$o t %"H 9: $illion& #hey are N-# free gifts& More than A: F of the -*/ are act ally loans that m st $e pai( $ac2 incl (ing the low interest& #he 9: $illion %"H -*/ pai(!$ac2 loans amo nt to only an in!significant tiny fraction of the financial losses in China ca se( $y Japanese 5G years of atrocio s (estr ction) estimate( in many H n(re(s of 7illions %" H& #he total loss co l( $e #rillion %" H i, t)e interest, /irect an/ in/irect monetary an/ properties /amages, environmental an/ ecosystem /amages, loote/ +ealt), cultural assets, natural resources, an/ ot)er tangi-le or intangi-le losses +ere inclu/e/, not to mention !$ Millions .)inese casualties cause/ -y (apanese in/iscriminate 1illing, starvation an/ various /iseases& #he total past 'ar 3n(emnity that China pai( to Japan alone was a staggering capital ?64 million pl s interest 9?5 million taels of silver Ci&e& #otal 4E6 Million taels of silver in 5EA4) a$o t 8 times China's ann al reven eD&

";$

China co l( not pay the cr shing staggering 'ar 3n(emnity an( ha( to $orrow money from several 'estern co ntries an( pai( heavy interest& 7n ,act, China contin e( to pay Japan the 'ar 3n(emnity p to ''33& 7n an extremely vivi/ contrast, t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty reveals t)at t)e reparations matter +as postpone/ until (apan )as t)e ,inancial means to pay& 7t +as never resolve/& #o cover! p) %&"& insiste( that Japan was $a(ly (amage( an( $an2r pt when the war en(e(& 3n fact) few factories an( mansions were (estroye( or even serio sly (amage() an( there was little (amage to the infrastr ct re& (apanese in/ustries +ere /isperse/ +i/ely an/ largely conceale/ ,rom air attac1& Accor/ing to )istorian (o)n W& Do+er, aut)or o, ;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33, t)e financial centers) transportation infrastr ct re) an( p $lic tilities in Japan remaine( largely intact& Accor/ing to Segraves, far from $eing $an2r pte( $y the 'ar) Japan ha( $een greatly an( criminally enriche( $y the 0l n(er of /sia after the 'ar& #he #reaty ha( ca se( m ch controversial from the very $eginning& /fter 4G years) the #reaty still remains very m ch controversial to(ay& 7n t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty 3S'P84 process, t)e interests o, Asian people an/ countries -rutally victimi5e/ -y t)e (apanese 7mperial Army +ere mostly ignore/& *espite the protests $y /sian co ntries most affecte( $y the Japanese aggression) %&"& (i( N-# even invite China C$oth mainlan(!0eople's Rep $lic of China an( #aiwan! Rep $lic of ChinaD an( Korea C$oth North an( "o thD& "oviet %nion) 3n(ia an( 7 rma ref se( to participate& 9 signatories from /sia CVietnam) Cam$o(ia) an( <aosD were act ally representatives of the .rench colonial regime& -nly G /sian co ntries signe( the treaty& -f these G) 3n(onesia signe( the treaty $ t never ratifie( it& #he 0hilippine reserve( its signat res an( (i( not ratify the treaty& "o in fact) the -N<1 /sian co ntries that s pporte( the ".0# were 0a2istan an( Ceylon) $oth colonies of 7ritain p till that time& 'urt)ermore, U&S& ,eare/ t)at Dutc)2s re,usal o, signing t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty mig)t lea/ t)e Unite/ 9ing/om, Australia an/ Ne+ Kealan/ to /rop out as +ell, so on the (ay $efore an( the morning of the treaty signing ceremony) %&"& principal negotiator) John .oster * lles) orchestrate( a " "ecret *eal " with e,change of confi(ential letters $etween the minister of foreign affairs of the Netherlan(s) *ir2 "ti22er) an( Japanese 0rime Minister "higer 1oshi(a& ";%

0os)i/a ple/ge/ t)at =t)e Dovernment o, (apan /oes not consi/er t)at t)e Dovernment o, t)e Net)erlan/s -y signing t)e 8reaty )as itsel, expropriate/ t)e private claims o, its nationals so t)at, as a conse*uence t)ereo,, a,ter t)e 8reaty comes into ,orce t)ese claims +oul/ -e non< existent&= #he (eal an( letters ha( to $e 2ept secret $eca se /rticle ?6 of the #reaty states t)at, =s)oul/ (apan ma1e a peace settlement or +ar claims settlement +it) any State granting t)at State greater a/vantages t)an t)ose provi/e/ -y t)e present 8reaty, t)ose same a/vantages s)all -e exten/e/ to t)e parties to t)e present 8reaty&= 7n "?$%, t)e Dutc) /i/ success,ully pursue a claim against (apan on -e)al, o, private citi5ens& (apan pai/ N"# million as a +ay o, =expressing sympat)y an/ regret&= A year -e,ore, t)e 6ritis) note/ t+o ot)er instances in +)ic) governments )a/ ma/e /eals +it) (apan ,or reparations: a settlement +it) 6urma t)at provi/e/ reparations, services an/ investments amounting, over "# years, to N;$# millionE an/ an agreement +it) S+it5erlan/ t)at provi/e/ =compensation ,or maltreatment, personal injury an/ loss arising ,rom acts illegal un/er t)e rules o, +ar&= #he letters were finally (eclassifie( in /pril ?:::) $y which time most potential claimants were pro$a$ly all (ea(& 'ith the " "ecret *eal " an( $y withhol(ing (oc ments) the %&"& has significantly contri$ te( an( playe( a ma>or role in Japan's historical amnesia& (apan su-se*uently signe/ treaties +it) ot)er States, inclu/ing t)e +ar claims settlements& 7oth %&"& an( Japan p rposely ignore( witho t honoring the provision of /rticle ?6 an/ continues to /eny its -oun/e/ responsi-ility to compensate its +artime victims to t)is /ay& 'or /etails, re,er to "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty@ Has J stice 7een "erve( an( 0eace "ec re( + , an/ / J st 0eace + #he 5A45 "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty in Historical 0erspective =#hose of s who really $elieve in h man rights $elieve that > stice has not $een achieve( $y the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty,= sai/ Aillian Sing, a San 'rancisco Superior .ourt ju/ge& =Japan's historical amnesia is a res lt of coll sion $etween the %&"& an( Japan,= sai/ Mar1 Sel/en, a )istory pro,essor at t)e State University o, Ne+ 0or1, = #hat coll sion reache( its height in the "an .rancisco #reaty of 5A45&= -ecause t)e treaty -ecomes an o-stacle to a ,ull rec1oning o, t)e su,,ering (apan in,licte/ on ot)er Asians an/ on American PoW& 0eace #reaty loc2e( Japan into a flawe( 0resent& As Harvar/ Pro,essor A1ira 7riye )a/ pointe/ out, %&"& se( the "an .ransisco 0eace ";

#reaty to t rn Japan from a conI ere( an( occ pie( co ntry to its military ally aiming at respon(ing to the comm nist co ntries) "oviet %nion an( China& (o)n Do+er in )is recent -oo1, ;m$racing *efeat: =-ne of the most pernicio s aspects of the occ pation was that the /sian peoples who ha( s ffere( most from imperial Japan's (epre(ations !! the Chinese) Koreans) 3n(onesians) an( .ilipinos ha( no serio s role) no infl ential presence at all in the (efeate( lan(& #hey $ecame invisi$le& Asian contri-utions to /e,eating t)e emperor2s sol/iers an/ sailors +ere /isplace/ -y an all<consuming ,ocus on t)e American victory in t)e Paci,ic War=& "an .ransisco 0eace #reaty is therefore an n!prece(ente( 73G "ell!- t of all co ntries in /sia an( /llie( 0o's $y %&"& 7n "??$, on t)e $#t) anniversary o, U&N& an/ o, t)e +ar, (apan consi/ere/ an/ propose/ a =No 'ar Resol tion= in an e,,ort to re,lect its past )istory& Ho+ever, it +as re>ecte( $y Japanese *iet mainly $eca se it containe( a formal official apology ,or its +artime atrocities& Only ;%P o, t)e /iet mem-ers supporte/ t)e Cesolution an/ B P +ere against it& 'urt)ermore, t)e ex<e/ucation minister Seisu1e O1uno manage/ to organi5e a national campaign an/ collecte/ B&$ million signatures against t)e Cesolution& 8)e revise/ version )a/ t)e official apology (elete(& #hat was e,actly why on / g 54) 5AA4 Japanese 0rime Minister #omiichi M rayama co l( only offer a personal apology to mar2 the 4:th anniversary en( of ''33& 3t was a personal apology N-# passe( $y the Japanese parliament& 7n Sept "?? (apanese Prime Minister Cyutaro Has)imoto also reiterate/ t)e apology& Again, )is apology +as NO8 approve/ -y t)e parliament& 7n Oct& : ;##" (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi, issue/ an apoplgy a,ter visiting t)e Augou*iao 3 Marco 0olo 6ri/ge4, site o, )ostilities t)at le/ to a f ll scale war invasion in J ly 8, "?! & Ho+ever, t)e apology +as simply -ase/ on an/ /i/ not go -eyon/ t)e +or/ing use/ in a "??$ statement -y Murayama& 7t +as )is personal apology an/ NO8 passe/ -y (apanese Diet& 8)is +as exactly +)y in Nov& "??:, Japanese newspaper "an2ei "him$ n ran a s ch naive hea(line@ "'e are fe( p of saying sorry"& (apan also argues t)at in/ivi/ual victim cannot sue a state, an/ also argue/ t)at .)ina )a/ voluntarily give up t)e rig)t o, reparation ,rom (apan in "? ; +)en 6eijing an/ (apan esta-lis)e/ /iplomatic ties& Alt)oug) t)e (oint .ommuni*uR an/ t)e 8reaty )ave +aive/ t)e state2s rig)ts to +ar /amages, neit)er )as ever speci,ically surren/ere/ t)e rig)ts o, any private claims -y .)inese citi5ens&

";:

7n ,act, t)e o-ligation o, States an/ t)e rig)ts o, in/ivi/uals +it) respect to t)e violation o, )uman rig)ts cannot, as a matter o, international la+, -e given a+ay or extinguis)e/ -y governments t)roug) peace treaty, peace agreement, amnesty or -y any ot)er means& #his has $een repeate(ly affirme( in n mero s resol tions passe( $y the %nite( Nations over the years& 3e&g& %N Resol tion ;JCN&GJ"%7&?JR;"J5AAAJ564 Pro,essor @tsuro 8otsu1a o, 9o-e University in (apan )as pointe/ out t)e ,ollo+ing in )is article 0eace #reaty an( Japan's 'artime Responsi$ility@ 7rea2ing the #reaty *efense : "& /rt& 9 of the Convention C3VD Respecting the <aws an( C stoms of 'ar on <an() signe( at the Hag e) on 5E -ct& 5A:8 stip lates) "/ $elligerent party which violates the provisions of the sai( Reg lations Ci&e&) the Reg lations of <an( 'arfare anne,e( to the ConventionD shall) if the case (eman(s) $e lia$le to pay compensation& 3t shall $e responsi$le for all acts committe( $y persons forming part of its arme( forces&" #his article of the 5A:8 Hag e Convention was n(erstoo( to have $een c stomary international law an( it was s ccee(e( $y /rt& A5 of the -ptional 0rotocol to the 5AGA Geneva Conventions& Japan acce(e( to it on -ct ?5) 5A49 an( $o n( China in 5A46& #herefore) 3t g arantees in(ivi( al victims the right to compensation& ;& China is not a 0arty to the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty& #herefore) #he treaty is not applica$le to China& !& #he #reaty of 0eace $etween Rep $lic of China Ci&e& #aiwanD an( Japan of /pr ?E) 5A4? $ecame n ll an( voi( in accor(ance with the "ino!Japanese Joint Comm niI e of "ept ?A) 5A8?& B& #he "ino!Japanese Joint Comm niI e incl (es no e,plicit provision) which waive( the right of in(ivi( al victims& #he Japan .e(eration of 7ar /ssociations ha( also ma(e p $lic its legal opinion that the Joint Comm niI e (i( not waive the right to (eman( reparations for losses an( (amages s staine( $y Chinese nationals& $& /rt& 5GE of the 3V Geneva Convention rea(s "No High Contracting 0arty shall $e allowe( to a$solve itself or any other High Contracting 0arty of any lia$ility inc rre( $y itself or $y another High Contracting 0arty in respect of $reaches referre( to in the prece(ing /rticle&" #herefore) if any military personnel commit war crimes of grave $reaches n(er /rt& 5G8) the responsi$le 0arties co l( not $e allowe( to a$solve itself from any lia$ilities incl (ing responsi$ility for compensation ( e to the crimes an( other 0arties shall not $e allowe( to relinI ish the rights of the victims witho t compensation from the responsi$le state& /lso in the secon( sentence of /rt& 8 of the 3V Geneva Convention rea(s) "No special agreement shall a(versely affect the sit ation of protecte( persons) as (efine( $y the present Convention) nor restrict the rights which it confers pon them&S #herefore) the g arantee n(er /rt& 5GE cannot $e a(versely change( $y any other international agreements& ";?

#herefore) these ? articles clearly prohi$ite( Japan an( China to a$solve Japan of the in(ivi( al rights to compensation n(er the sai( Joint Comm niI e) in partic lar) if it comes to the iss e of grave war crimes& During t)e la+suits o, (apanese /etaine/ in Si-eria an/ t)at o, Atomic 6om- victims, t)e Japanese government has consistently e,presse( that what was a$an(one( in the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty $y Japan was not the in(ivi( al's right to claim, -ut only t)e rig)t to claim -y t)e (apanese government on -e)al, o, t)e in/ivi/ual ,rom anot)er nation 3t)e rig)t o, /iplomatic protection4& 7ronically, in t)e la+suits with Chinese as the plaintiffs) the Japanese government then offere( a totally (ifferent interpretation when (ealing with Japan's own war responsi$ility& 8)e (apanese government )as e,,ectively ,or,eite/ its o+n cre/i-ility& 7n "??$, ChinaMs foreign minister state( that the Joint Comm niI e waive( only the Chinese governmentMs reparations claims against the Japanese government) while leaving the claim rights of private Chinese citizens intact& Accor/ing to t)e minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ /ocuments o, some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary in ;## , entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= , Japanese government initiate( an( rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to enshrine /<< Class!/) 7) C 'ar Cirminals& 3n 5A4A) 1as 2 ni "hrine $egan to enshrine Class!7 an( Class!C war criminals& 3n 5A8E) n(er the Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity) Japan secretly enshrine( 5):6E war criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals in 1as 2 ni "hrine to $e worshippe( as national heroes& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state& 7n (uly "??%, on (apan2s =Day o, Armistice=, 1no+n as t)e =Day o, Surren/er=, t)e (apanese Coyal 'amily an/ Prime Minister Has)imoto +ent to t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine to pay o,,icial tri-ute t)ere& 7n /oing so, t)ey e,,ectively -esto+e/ t)e status o, =National Heroes= upon more t)an ",### convicte/ War .riminals& 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research "!#

3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years atrocio s ''33& .ompare/ +it) most "hinto s)rines, +)ic) +ere ,oun/e/ )un/re/s o, years ago, t)e (apanese 1as 2 ni "hrine +as a relatively recent a,,air& 7t +as -uilt -y t)e 7mperial Or/er o, t)e Meiji @mperor in ":%? ,or t)e sole purpose to glori,y (apan2s imperialism& During WW77, (apanese Militarists too1 over t)e s)rine& 0asu1uni is a military +ar memorial to glori,y its -rutal past, anyt)ing -ut a sym-ol o, peace& 7t groun/s in central 8o1yo inclu/e a museum /evote/ to glori,ying (apanese militarism as a no-le cause t)at trie/ to li-erate Asia&

3ronically) Japanese ;mperor Mei>i) whose name Mei>i C3 ChingD

originate( from "1i Jing "hrine from

" ) a Chinese Classic ) also too2 the name 1as 2 ni

a phrase in "Ch nIi N oshi Nh an " C"h n> "ashi(enD ) another Chinese Classic ) meaning "7ringing 0eace to a Nation&=

="hinto " itself is Chinese wor(s +)ic) means =t)e +ay o, t)e go/s= 3S)inSgo/sE 8o is 8aoSt)e +ay4&

Colonial 7r tal 3nvasionJ'ars Meiji Cestoration Sout)<West War

;nshrine( , $" %,? " "!"

War against .)ina < 5E8G War against .)ina < 5EAG

8ai+an Punitive @xpe/ition 3 8ai+an Mu/an 7nvasion 4 Sino<(apanese War 3(iaWu War4

","!# "!,%"? ",;$% ::,B;? B,:$# ":$ " ," % "?",;$# ;,"!!,?"$ ;,B%%,$!;

War against .)ina < 5A:: 6oxer Ce-ellion War insi/e .)ina < 5A:G Cusso<(apanese War ;" Deman/s < 5A54 'irst Worl/ War War against .)ina < 5A?E War against .)ina < 5A95 War against .)ina < 5A98 War against .)ina < 5AG5 & (inan 7nci/ent 3 $! (inan Massacre 4 Manc)urian 7nci/ent 3 ?": 7nvasion 4 .)ina 7nci/ent 3 Marco Polo 6ri/ge 'ull 7nvasion 4 Dreat @ast Asian War 3 Asia 7nvasion WW77 4 #otal 'ar *ea( ;nshrine( @

Note@ /ppro,& 5 Million Japanese ''33 sol(iers were annihilate( in China O, t)e "" +ars liste/ a-ove, most o, t)e (apanese +ars +ere ,oug)t to inva/e an/ coloni5e .)ina& 8)e R ssian!Japanese 'ar was fo ght insi(e China in 5A:G to (etermine who ha( more "Rights" to colonize China, en/e/ +it) #reaty of 0ortsmo th& J st a few paces from where Japanese 0M Koiz mi (roppe( a coin an( praye() is the 1as 2 ni m se m& 8)e museum portrays Japan as $oth the martyr an( savior of /sia to (rive "the foreign $ar$arians") to li$erate an( protect /sia from R ssian 7olshevism an( ; ropean colonialism& 0earl Har$or was "force(" $y "a plot" $y 0resi(ent Roosevelt& Japanese!le( massacres) Korean comfort women) Chinese se, slaves) or tort re( 0o's are not mentione(& 8)e 0asu1uni Museum /isplay shows Japan as a victim of a conspiracy $y 'estern colonial powers an( Japan was force( into war in self!(efence to $ring peace to /sia& 7n a Museum ,ilm, Pearl Har-or is /escri-e/ as a =-attle ,or (apan2s survival,= +)ile one ex)i-it -lames t)e "?! Nanjing Massacre on t)e .)inese lea/ers +)o ,le/ t)e city +)ile or/ering t)eir men to ,ig)t to t)e /eat)& /fter the fall of Nan>ing to the Japanese) the m se m notes) "the Chinese citizens were once again a$le to live their lives in peace&= 8)e $#<minute ,ilm even I estions whether the Japanese invasion of /sia was ever a violation of international law&

"!;

8)e Museum also /isplays t)e ,irst engine t)at travelle/ t)e in,amous B"$ 1m Railway of *eath ! #hai!7 rma Railway +it)out mentioning t)e savage (eath of 56)::: 0o's an( 5::)::: /sian "laves, /escri-e/ -y .ameron 'or-es in )is -oo1 Hellfire as = $ ilt on the 7ones of the *ea(=, i&e& !## /eat) ,or eac) 1m& 8)e .$% steam locomotive engine o, t)e 8)ai<6urma Cail+ay o, Deat) +as calle/ -y ex<PoW @ric Aomax as a =Mon ment to the Japanese 7ar$arism=& WW77 is calle/ =t)e Dreater @ast Asian War=, invasion o, .)ina is /escri-e/ as =.)ina 7nci/ent=& 8)e Museum /isplays a reconstructe/ Nero fighter an( a Kaiten or Japanese single!man mini!s $Jh man torpe(o , an/ t)e "hort "wor( se( $y Gen& Korechi2a /nami who a(vocate( to contin e the 'ar even after the ? /tomic 7om$s& -n (isplay was a 2aiten h man torpe(o, t)e innocently name/ =c)erry -lossom -om-= < a one<trip ,lying roc1et pilote/ -y suici/e -om-ers& 8)ere is also a monument in t)e s)rine tri-ute/ to t)e )ate/ /rea/,ul Japanese Kempeitai , =3t is li2e seeing a memorial to the Gestapo in a German cathe(ral&= sai/ ex<PoW @ric Aomax& 8)e +e-site o, t)e 0asu1uni s)rine t)en /eclares: =#he #r th of mo(ern Japanese History is now restore(&O 'hat if a m se m in Germany feat ring a Nazi plane) a memorial to the $ravery of the Gestapo) a (isplay claiming the 0oles welcome( their inva(ers + Again %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#& -2inori Kaya) a Class!/ 'ar Criminal for life imprisonment) parole( in 5A44) an( $ecame J stice Minister& He +as instrumental in getting a -ill to t)e Diet t)at, i, passe/, +oul/ )ave turne/ 0asu1uni into a national s)rine& He 1ept t)e -ill alive t)roug) $ rejections until ,inally giving up in "? B& Accor/ing to t)e minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ /ocuments o, some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary in ;## , entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= , Japanese government initiate( an( rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to enshrine /<< Class!/) 7) C 'ar Cirminals&

in "?$?, 1as 2 ni "hrine -egan to ens)rine .lass<6 an/ .lass<. +ar criminals& 3t ha( secretly enshrine( 5):6E war criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals in 5A8E&

"!!

Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state&

7n Seoul, 9im 0un<o1 sai/, =#he Japanese sol(iers enshrine( at 1as 2 ni "hrine are the very ones who Rape( o r gran(mothers&= More t)an :% P o, t)e ens)rine/ (apanese sol/iers +ere ,rom WW77& Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& We /i/n2t +ant to leave any trou-le -e)in/ &&&&&=, i&e& /<< Japanese ''33 sol(iers are criminals ) committe( Mass Rape crime at t)e least& Accor/ing to t)e pu-lis)e/ ,igures in Oct ;##", there were ?E)E69 #aiwanese an( ?5)5E5 Koreans enshrine( at 0asu1uni S)rine witho t their families' permission& Most o, t)em +ere ,orce/ into +ar service un/er (apan2s colonial rule& Since 'e- "? :, a group o, 8ai+anese resi/ents in (apan +)o )a/ learne/ a-out t)e list starte/ legal procee/ings to get t)e 8ai+anese remove/ ,rom 0asu1uni& 7n 'e- "? ?, a group o, in/igenous 8ai+anese -ereave/ relatives came to (apan an/, ,or t)e ,irst time, /eman/e/ t)at t)eir relatives -e remove/ ,rom ens)rinement& 8)e 8ai+an .)inese arrive/ in 8o1yo sai/ t)ey +ant t)eir relatives2 names remove/ ,rom memorial pla*ues t)ere -ecause it is "morally npar(ona$le that M r(erers an( Victims are honore( at the "/M; place&= 7n (une ;##", $$ mem-ers o, -ereave/ ,amilies ,rom S&9orea ,ile/ a suit at t)e 8o1yo District .ourt /eman/ing t)e removal ,rom ens)rinement o, t)eir relatives& 7n t)e past ! years, 8ai+an .)inese +ent to 8o1yo times to protest against 1as 2 ni "hrine , /eman/ing /e<ens)rinement o, t)eir ,amily mem-er o, t)e ,orci-ly conscripte/ +ar /ea/, insisting t)at ='e are not Japanese B 'e are the Victims of Japanese war crimes B=, -ut +it)out success in li-erating t)eir enslave/ ancestral souls& 8)e =Ret rn the "o ls of o r .ore$ears" protest (elegation )as come to the %&N& an/ -roug)t +it) t)em are ; ol/ -oo1s t)at recor/ t)e (apanese army employe/ t)e extreme -rutal =#hree /ll 0olicy @ 7 rn /ll) <oot /ll) Kill /ll= in "?"! an/ "?"B against t)e 8ai+an A-origines +)o +ere resisting t)e inva/ers& A (apanese military p)otograp)ic team ,ollo+e/ t)e ,ig)ting, compile/ its p)otograp)s into t)ese = 0ictorial /l$ ms of the 0 nitive ;,pe(ition= an/ su-mitte/ t)em to t)e (apanese War Ministry as evi/ence o, t)e army2s =great military ac)ievements=& 8)e ; al-ums no+ serve as un/enia-le proo, o, t)e (apanese army2s +ar crimes& During its invasion an/ $"<year occupation o, 8ai+an, Japan 2ille( more than 6::)::: #aiwan Chinese people, inclu/ing large num-ers o, A-origines&

"!B

.or people in /sia) 1as 2 ni "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's $r tal militaristic past& 7t is a potent sym$ol of how the Japanese into,icate( $y fascism an( coerce( $y military r le) once collectively lost their reason an( were fe( fantastic myths) of racial s periority an( the ;mperor's (ivinity& 8)e $r tal military aggression in /sia was promote( an( > stifie( $y Japan as a sacre( mission of the glorifie( militarism) racial s periority) an( emperor worship& Dying ,or t)e @mperor +as t)e )ig)est virtue& 8)at +as +)y sol/iers -elieve/ t)at t)ey +oul/ meet a,ter /eat) at 1as 2 ni "hrine & 7t -ecame -ot) a state religion an/ a political i/eology, o, +)ic) 1as 2 ni "hrine is t)e prime sym-ol& #his is what ma2es the shrine s ch a (ist r$ing place& Not the Class!/ war criminals) or the Japanese Kempeitai mon ment) $ t this (estr ctive i(eology) which has s rvive( intact (espite war crime trials) (emocratic government) an( more than half a cent ry to analyze) (e$ate) an( reflect on the catastrophes of the past& (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi is eit)er ignorant or (ishonest when he claims that visiting the shrine is simply "a matter of the heart"& Wee1ly ne+s maga5ines an/ commentators on ca-le television current a,,airs tal1 s)o+s )ave recently ta1en to /escri-ing Mr Koiz mi's stance on 1as 2 ni as "Chil(ish"& Deneral MacArt)ur once /escri-e/ Japan as "/ Nation of 5?!year!ol(s" an/ Japanese "as a chil(li2e people who wo l( r n amo2 witho t imperial g i(ance"& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= +rote: =/ normal society) a society not ha nte( $y ghosts) cannot $e achieve( $y 'normalizing' history& More the other way aro n(&&&&& W)en society )as -ecome su,,iciently open an/ ,ree to loo1 -ac1, ,rom t)e point o, vie+ neit)er o, t)e victim nor o, t)e criminal, -ut o, t)e critic, only t)en +ill t)e g)osts -e lai/ to rest&= #o the Japanese) 5G years of in!h man $r tality was a Holy 'ar& 8)ey +ere ,ig)ting ,or t)e Do/<li1e @mperor& Accor/ing to =0asu1uni Dai)ya11a= 30asu1uni encyclope/ia4, a pamp)let pu-lis)e/ -y t)e S)rine, War .riminals are calle/ ="howa martyrs= Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo: 3f there was no ;mperor ) there wo l( $e no Japan &&&&&& DM : 6ut t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo : 3 2now nothing a$o t his roots ) $ t 3 was astonishe( that he sai( s ch a thing &&&&&&

"!$

Japan re(iscovers its Korean past & & & & & #he ;mperor's new roots ! ;mperor (eclare( his own Korean ancestry& 7t is -ecause (apanese Nara city +as t)e capital o, (apan ,rom %B! an/ ?B A&D& +)ere (apan2s earliest @mperors +ere -urie/& 7n ,act, Concl sive evi(ences have shown that Japanese Nara 0refect re was act ally a Korean colony& 8)e +or/ =Nara= itsel, means =mot)erlan/= in 9orean& 8)e Meiji government also agree/ t)at 8ai5en 9uma5a+a ,rom Nara +as t)e legitimate )eir o, t)e sout)ern 0os)ino court& 7n ?::5, ;mperor /2ihito sai( he feels a close "2inship" with Korean an/ cite/ t)e ,act t)at t)e mother of ;mperor Kamm was also a Korean& He also appreciate/ Korean c lt re an( technology $ro ght to Japan& 3n fact) more acc rately, it sho l( $e "from China via Korea to Japan"& 7n 5AEG, ;mperor Hirohito ma(e similar statement that the 3mperial family ha( a "close 2inship" with Korea& 7n ,act, t)e ant)ropologists an/ arc)eologists )ave confirme( that the mo(ern Japanese came I ite late from the mainlan( /sia to Japan only aro n( G:: 7&C&) that is a very shallow root & *N/ research has confirme( Japanese are close genetic 2in to $oth Chinese an( Korean& =Arc)aeology )as ma/e a lot o, progress,= sai/ Hisao 6a-a, curator o, ant)ropology at t)e National Science Museum in 8o1yo, =-ut politics has ma(e it (iffic lt for the Japanese general p $lic to ta2e a critical loo2 at their own past&= 1as 2 ni "hinto "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's fail re as a nation to collectively face its past war responsi$ilities& Strangely, t)ere are NO )uman remains at 0asu1uni S)rine& 7n "?$;, (apan passe/ a =Cesolution on t)e recovery an/ repatriation o, t)e remains o, +ar /ea/ in overseas territories=& Strangely, %# years a,ter, $# P o, (apanese /ea/ sol/iers, i&e& more than 5)56:)::: of them are still not repatriate(& @ven no+ some %##,### are retrieva-le& 7nsi/e t)e 7ia2 cave) in a small islan( of 3n(onesia) the s2 lls of Japanese sol(iers were set o t in a row) their teeth an( parts of thigh $ones line( p& @very visitor comes to t)e 6ia1 cave +oul/ really +on/er: 'hat (o the Japanese thin2 a$o t their relatives' $ones + 'hy Japan an( Japanese families (on't care an( completely (is!concern a$o t the $ones of their relatives + 'hat is this Japanese mentality + (apanese paci,ism is really originate/ more ,rom a ,eeling t)at (apanese su,,ere/ /uring t)e +ar rat)er t)an ,rom a recognition t)at (apan starte/ t)e "B years long -rutal WMD +ar an/

"!%

cause/ extreme /amage an/ pain to its Asian neig)-ors& 8)ere,ore, many (apanese /o not t)in1 t)ey nee/ to -e ,orgiven& Since t)e +ar, only Prime Minister, 0asu)iro Na1asone in "?:$ an/ Cyutaro Has)imoto in "??%, )ave ma/e t)e visit, only once& 8)e torrent o, protest +as enoug) to persua/e t)em not to ma1e anot)er& Ho+ever, (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi, /ra+ing s)arp criticism ,rom ot)er Asian countries, visite/ +ar s)rine t)e 6th time as PM, an/ )is ,irst on "$ Aug ;##%, t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as prime minister& Koiz mi's (angero s game& Un/er Article "" o, "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty, (apanese government +as to accept t)e ver/it o, t)e 8o1yo 8ri-unal& Japanese 0rime Minister to 1as 2 ni "hrine violates the 0eace #reaty& 8)is +as +)y PM Na1asone re,raine/ ,rom ,urt)er visits in t)e ,ollo+ing years& Hirohito visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine E times as ;mperor) last pilgrimage was in 5A84& 7n "? : t)e s)rine2s )ea/ priest secretly ens)rine/ "B .lass<A War .riminals& =#hat's why 3 have since not visite( the shrine= accor/ing to t)e /iaries o, ,ormer palace Dran/ Ste+ar/ 8omo)i1o 8omita& Ho+ever, many t)in1 it +as an act o, =sel,<protection= -ecause Hiro)ito +as a,rai/ t)at t)eir ens)rinement +oul/ =reignite= /e-ate over )is )oly responsi-ility o, t)e +ar& 'hat is wrong a$o t Koiz mi's visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine to grieve for those who gave their lives for their co ntry in the past war + Here is an ;(itorial answer& 'irst in 'e-&, (apanese Osa1a District Co rt r le( that the Koiz mi's visit was ma(e N-# as a private citizen $ t in his official capacity& 8)en in Apr& ;##B, Japanese . 2 o2a *istrict Co rt r le( that Koiz mi's visit to 1as 2 ni "hrine has violate( Constit tion -ecause it violate/ t)e separation o, state an/ religion& Also in Sept !#, ;##$ -sa2a High Co rt r le( Koiz mi's shrine visits were a religio s activity an( %n!Constit tional& 8)e %n!Constit tional R ling stan(s since the Japanese government cannot appeal to the " preme Co rt& 7n ,act, t)e *uestion o, .onstitution +as settle( in 5AA5 when "en(ai High Co rt r le( that an official 1as 2 ni visit $y a 0M or the ;mperor was %n!Constit tional n(er /rticle ?: of the national charter& 9oi5umi /e,ie/ logic, insisting that neigh$oring co ntries wo l( not $e offen(e( $y his %n!Constit tional shrine visits& "!

8)e visits mar1e/ a ,urt)er step in t)e resurrection an/ legitimisation o, t)e sym-ols o, (apan2s Militarism& #he largest 0o' s it was file( in #o2yo (istrict co rt on Jan ary 9:) 5AA4 -y t)e Miami< -ase/ .enter ,or 7nternee Cig)ts& 8)e suit, representing !!,### U&S& military PoWs, "B,### civilian internees an/ t)ousan/s more Dutc), 6ritis), Australians an/ Ne+ Kealan/ survivors, as1s ,or an apology an/ N;;,### in/ivi/ual compensation ,rom t)e (apanese government& A,ter many court appearances an/ testimony t)is case +ill -e /eci/e/ -y t)e 8o1yo District .ourt in "??:& 8)e ,inal plainti,, testimony +as given in 8o1yo court on 'e-ruary "?, "??:& 9arn Par1er, an international )uman rig)ts la+yer ,ig)ting in t)e U&N& an/ (apanese courts over t)e last B years ,or t)e =Comfort 'omen= +)ic) (apan /i/ not even a/mit until "??!, sai/ (apan2s re,usal to compensate victims /irectly coul/ partly -e attri-ute/ to lac1 o, pressure ,rom ot)er countries, especially t)e Unite/ States an/ .)ina ,or political an/ economic reasons& =3t (oes seem the Japanese government wants these ol( la(ies to (ie one $y one ntil the whole thing $lows over,= sai/ @laine 9im, an Asian Stu/ies pro,essor at U.<6er1eley& Ho+ever, t)ings )ave ,inally starte/ to c)ange a,ter t)e collapsing o, communist Soviet Union, an/ t)e normali5ation o, relations)ip -et+een U&S& an/ communist .)ina& -n *ec& 9) 5AA6) %&"& J stice *epartment's -ffice of "pecial 3nvestigations C-"3D which has foc se( almost e,cl sively on Nazi war criminals (espite its man(ate to p rs e 7-#H Nazis an( their allies) finally too2 its .3R"# "#;0 towar( re(ressing this im$alance $y a((ing the .3R"# 56 Japanese war criminal names on the "'atch <ist" CHoltzman /men(mentD since it was legislate( in 5A8E for (enying more than 6:)::: Nazi German) / strian) an( 3talian war criminals entry to %&"& 8)is is a tiny step t)e U&S& government recently ma/e to correct its +ill,ully -lin/ policy to+ar/ (apan2s +ar crimes -ut o, great signi,icance& As 9ei<ic)i 8suneis)i, a (apanese Pro,essor at 9anaga+a University, says =8)e /ecision is li1ely to s)oc1 an/ +a1e up t)e (apanese&= Ho+ever, (apan is -loc1ing pro-e o, War .riminals an/ re,use/ to cooperate +it) t)e (ustice Department to put t)e names o, several )un/re/ surviving veterans on t)e 'atch <ist& =Japan is the -N<1 co ntry in the worl( from whom we see2 assistance that (oes not provi(e it&= sai/ @li M& Cosen-aum, /irector o, t)e (ustice Department2s o,,ice o, Special 7nvestigations& Cosen-aum sai/ )is o,,ice )as -een a-le to i/enti,y fewer than 4: Japanese s spects compare to 6:)::: Na5i, Austrian, an/ 7talian +ar criminals on t)e ='atch <ist= =/fter the war) they were not p nishe() so why is the %&"& government (ealing with this pro$lem now += sai/ Masao O1onogi, pro,essor o, political science at 9eio University in 8o1yo& =8)is seems to me remar1a-ly )ypocritical& At t)e en/ o, WW77, t)e %&"& occ pying force was aware of the information a$o t %nit 895 $ t (eli$erately e,onerate( the men in "!:

ret rn for their agreement to $e (e$riefe( on the fin(ings of their atrocio s e,periments& 'e agree( to Cover! p their crimes&= sai/ (o)n Do+er, M78 pro,essor an/ specialist on mo/ern (apanese )istory an/ US relations& On (an& B "??%, t)e U&N& Human Cig)ts .ommission release/ an official report) s $mitte( $y the %N "pecial Rapporte r on Violence against 'omen $y Ra(hi2a Coomaraswamy) on the wartime "e, "lavery, an/ report -y 7nternational .ommision o, (urists, Deneva Comfort 'omen @ /n %nfinishe( -r(eal& 7n "??:, anot)er UN report -y Special Capporteur Ms& Day (& McDougall "ystematic Rape) "e, al "lavery an( "lavery!li2e practices ( ring arme( conflict& 8)e reports are ,oun/e/ on years investigation an/ recommen/s t)at (apanese government s)oul/ assume state responsi-ility an/ "& ;& !& B& $& %& Ac1no+le/ge its violation o, international la+& Ma1e a pu-lic apology in +riting to in/ivi/ual +omen& Pay compensation to in/ivi/ual +omen& Amen/ing e/ucational curricula to re,lect true )istorical realities& 'ull /isclosure o, relate/ /ocuments 7/enti,y an/ punis), as ,ar as possi-le, involve/ perpetrators

8)e support ,or t)e U&N& report is gro+ing aroun/ t)e +orl/& 7n "???, t)e 7AO .ommittee o, @xperts, i&e& t)e ;# mem-er *uasi<ju/icial expert -o/y o, t)e 3nternational <a$o r -rganization) p $lishe( its 9r( o$servation& 7n -$servation concerning Convention No& ?A) .orce( <a$o r) 5A9: Japan, t)e 7AO .ommittee turne/ /o+n t)e (apan2s argument t)at t)e .onvention s)oul/ not -e applie/ in t)e event o, +ar& 8)e .ommittee ,oun/ (apan2s violations o, t)e .onvention ;? concerning not only t)e issue o, Sex Slaves -ut also t)e issue o, Slave la-orers -y t)e (apanese in/ustries /uring WW77& Dermany no+ appears to )ave regaine/ t)e trust o, )er neig)-ors +)ile in vivi/ contrast, t)e current resurgence o, (apanese Militarism continues to invite suspicion ,rom Asia&

4?t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

Sept& " , "?: , t)e U&S& House o, Cepresentatives passe/ t)e Re(ress 7ill HRGG? for the wrongf l internment of Japanese /merican ( ring ''33 @ 5& /c2nowle(ge that the internment or(er violate( $asic civil li$erties an( constit tional rights& ?& Ma2e a formal apology to the Japanese /merican for the internment& 9& %" H5&98 $illion in compensation ! H?:)::: to each s rvivor& G& %" H4: million f n( to e( cate the /merican p $lic a$o t the internment& 7n "?::, t)e Japanese Cana(ian also s ccessf lly manage( to get 5& / formal apology from Cana(ian government to Japanese Cana(ian& ?& Cana(ian H?A5 million compensation f n( ! H?5)::: each in compensation& 9& Cana(ian H4: million e( cational f n(& "!?

However, .li,, .)a//erton, c)airman o, t)e National .ouncil o, Geteran Associations in .ana/a, )as -een trying unsuccess,ully ,or t)e past "; years to get compensation ,rom (apan ,or t)e .ana/ian PoW since "?:$& 8)e PoW +ere capture/ -y t)e (apanese on t)e .)ristmas Day "?B" in Hong 9ong& 8)ey spent ,our years o, extreme )ar/s)ip as slave la-ourers& Many /ie/ in t)e (apanese prison camps& Mr& .)a//erton sai/, =3t is a legal (e$t owe( $y the Japanese=& Dec& ";, "??: .ana/ian 'oreign Minister Aloy/ Ax+ort)y sai/ .ana/a )as lo--ie/ (apan unsuccess,ully on t)e su-ject ,or some time& 8)e government /eci/e/ t)at time +as too important ,or t)e aging vets to +aste it on prolonge/ legal ,ig)ts, so it pai/ up on its o+n to eac) PoW .a/ N;B,###& During t)e "B years -rutal WW77 invasion into .)ina, (apan not only manu,acture/ )uge *uantity o, 'M* 7iological 'eapons, it also mass pro/uce/ WMD .)emical Weapons -y its top!secret Chemical 'eapons research facility %nit 654& (apan )a/ use/ t)ese /estructive +eapon in more t)at ;,### -attles against t)e .)inese an/ cause/ great civilian casualties& 7t )as -een estimate/ t)at 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s most of them loa(e( with m star( gas an( many of them corro(e( an( lea2ing) are still scattere( in China& 8o1yo ,inally ac1no+le/ge/ t)e existence o, WMD .)emical Weapon Unit $"% an/ is no+ )elping to preventing t)e /isaster, on t)e *uiet& 6ut (apan2s e,,orts alrea/y come too late ,or approx& ;### .)inese )a/ alrea/y -een injure/ -y t)ese a$an(one( (ea(ly 'M* Chemical 'eapons& 'e-& ? "?? , as a signatory o, .)emical Weapons .onvention -anning c)emical +eapons, (apanese government ,inally propose/ t)at it may plan to -uil/ a large ,actory in Nort)ern .)ina to /estroy t)ese /ea/ly +eapons& A,ter t)e treatment t)e extreme poisonous soli/ remain/er < Ar,ro/ic must -e transporte/ -ac1 to (apan ,or /isposal& So ,ar t)ere is no concrete agreement& 3nternational chemical weapon prevention organization has presse( Japanese government to clean p the weapons in 4 years) $ t the Japanese government sai( may nee( 5: years ( e to the large I antity of these (ea(ly 'M* Chemical 'eapons& /ccor(ing to %N reg lation) the chemical weapon m st $e (estroye( $y ?::8& Many /eat)s resulte/ e&g& o+ing to t)e poison gas release/ +)ile /re/ging t)e Song)ua Civer in Heilongjiang Province, an/ poison gas lea1e/ out /uring se+erage construction on Duang)ua Avenue in Mu/anjiang .ity etc& Gictims o, t)ese /ea/ly WMD .)emical Weapons are no+ suing (apanese government an/ /eman/ing compensation& 8)e +ill -e )earing in 8o1yo court in (uly, "?? & 'e-& ";, "?? Mrs& Ai Iiu0ing, a Nanjing Massacre survivor, +)o is no+ ? years ol/, tear,ully recalle/ in t)e 8o1yo court a-out t)e atrocities s)e )a/ su,,ere/ %# years ago : S)e +as "? years ol/ +it) mont)s pregnancy& 8o avoi/ -eing rape/, s)e ,orce,ully smas)e/ )er )ea/ against t)e -ric1 +all /etermine/ to suici/e& S)e /i/n2t /ie -ut ,ainte/& A,ter s)e +o1e up, s)e ,oun/ )ersel, lying on a cot& 8)en a (apanese sol/ier came to rape )er& S)e again ,oug)t ,iercely& Ot)er sol/iers came an/ use/ t)eir -ayonets 1eep sta$$ing her again) again an( again for a total of 98 times ( ring the fight& S)e lost )er mont)s ol/ ,etus& S)e +as later rescue/ -y Mr& Magee an/ miraculously s)e survive/& Magee use/ )is camera an/ recor/e/ )er terri-le con/itions on ,ilm&

"B#

8)e ;#<minutes ,ilm is no+ -eing use/ as t)e proo, in t)e la+suit against t)e (apanese government& Ms& Ai an/ ? ot)ers inclu/ing some !" survivors +ent to 8o1yo to testi,y& =Japanese Government M%"# apologize an( compensate for the massacre&" (eman(e( 8A years ol( Mrs& <i in the co rt) "3 want the whole worl( to 2nown that it was s ch an 3n!h man 'ar&= 8)eir trip to (apan +as organize( an( sponsore( $y a gro p of ?:: co rageo s an( conscientio s Japanese lawyers) scholars an( others so t)at t)e (apanese can -e -etter e/ucate/ t)roug) t)e court )earing& 8)e la+suit is supporte/ -y t)e "ociety to " pport the *eman(s of Chinese 'ar Victims C" o0eiD& Ot)er SuoPei cases are:

'orce/ Celocation to (apan, an/ 'orce/ Aa-or .om,ort Women Ping/ings)an 7nci/ent: !,### people +ere massacre/ in Aiaoning Province& 8)e pretext ,or t)is slaug)ter +as reprisal ,or cooperating +it) guerrillas in t)e resistance movement&4 A-an/one/ Poison Das an/ 6om-s

Marc) ;#, "?? t)e U&S& (ustice Department a((e( 58 more names to the "'atch <ist" CHoltzman /men(mentD -arring t)ese Japanese 'ar criminals from ever entering %&"& Marc) ; , "?? t)e .enter ,or 7nternee Cig)ts 3.'.7C, 7nc&4, representing ,ormer PoWs an/ civilian internees -rutali5e/ -y (apanese ,orces, t rne( over 5:: a((itional names o, suspecte/ (apanese +ar criminals to t)e .riminal Division o, t)e U&S& Department o, (ustice in Was)ington, D&.& the "'atch <ist" CHoltzman /men(mentD has more than 6:)::: Nazis) / strian) an( 3talian war criminals ) $ t has only 99 Japanese names a((e( since 5AA6& (une ; "?? , 'rits 9als)oven, a legal expert, Dutc) pro,essor emeritus at t)e University o, Aei/en, t)e Net)erlan/s, appeare/ as an expert in international )umanitarian la+ suit ,ile/ -y B% ,ormer P)ilippine sex slaves in "??! see1ing ;# million yen eac) in /amages ,or -eing ,orce/ to serve as =.om,ort Women= /uring WW77& 8)e (apanese government insiste/ t)at in/ivi/ual +ar victims cannot sue a state -ase/ on international la+ an/ t)e post+ar peace treaties )ave alrea/y settle/ t)e issue& 9als)oven pointe/ out t)at /rticle 9 of the Hag e Convention of 5A:8 clearly implies) altho gh it (oesn't spell o t) that in(ivi( als have rights to claim compensation against a state& (une ;! "?? , 9als)oven also appeare/ as an expert +itness in anot)er /amages suit in +)ic) : ,ormer Dutc) PoWs an/ civilian internees, are /eman/ing ;&; million yen eac)& .)inese citi5ens )ave ,or years -een -arre/ -y t)eir government ,rom ma1ing claims ,or compensation ,rom (apan& 8)e num-er o, surviving victims )as continue/ to ,all& 8)e ,e+ alive are no+ more t)an :# years ol/& (uly, "?? t)e Nanjing municipal government ,inally /eci/e/ to trace massacre survivors, victims an/ +itnesses& Wit) t)e )elp o, "# t)ousan/ )ig) sc)ool stu/ents inclu/ing some (apanese stu/ent reps ,rom "B sc)ools o, (apan as summer camp activity, a-out ;%!# survivors +ere ,oun/& 8)e Nanjing .ity Notary Association also issue/ t)em +it) certi,icates in -atc)es& Hope t)e Nanjing government +ill soon /o more to )elp survivors in t)eir en/eavor to o-tain justice& "B"

(uly ;$ "?? , Resol tion HCR 5?6, con/emning (apan ,or its atrocities in WW77 is also -eing intro/uce/ -y .ongressman Aipins1i, Stump, an/ ot)ers& 7t calls ,or t)e (apanese government to : 5& .ormally iss e a clear an( nam$ig o s apology& ;& 3mme(iately pay compensation to all the victims of Japanese ''33 war crimes& 8)e -ill +as cosponsore/ -y : mem-ers o, House o, Cepresentatives& Over ";,### petitions )a/ -een gat)ere/ ,rom every State in t)e Union in support o, t)is legislation an/ over $# veterans an/ military an/ )uman rig)ts organi5ations are supporting H.C ";%& Alt)oug) it /i/ not pass in t)e "#$t) .ongress, a similar resolution +ill -e intro/uce/ as soon as t)e "#%t) .ongress is starte/ in "???& August "" "?? , "#: .)inese ,ile/ a la+ suit involving t)e ,ormer (apanese 7mperial Army2s germ +ar,are in 8o1yo District .ourt /eman/ing N?&!? million compensation an/ apologies ,rom t)e (apanese government& 8)is +as t)e latest in a series o, court cases against (apanese WW77 crimes& 9ou1en 8suc)iya, t)e plainti,,s2 c)ie, la+yer, sai/ t)ey nee/e/ suc) long time to gat)er evi/ence -e,ore ,iling suit -ecause t)e (apanese government )a/ covere/ up t)e germ +ar,are& 8)e Japanese 3mperial /rmy carrie( o t germ warfare (espite a $an n(er the 5A?4 Geneva convention& Sept ;;, "?? , (apanese steelma1er, Nippon Steel .orp& an/ t)e ,amilies o, "" 9oreans )ave reac)e/ an out<o,<court settlement ,or a la+suit ,ile/ ; years ago ,or using t)em as ,orce/ la-or /uring WW77& 8)e company +ill pay more t)an N"%!,### in =con/olence money= to eac) o, t)e victims& =We are not completely )appy +it) t)e settlement, -ut +e +ante/ to ,ocus more on t)e positive si/e << t)e ,act t)at a (apanese company is paying money ,or t)e victims an/ t)eir memorial services,= A1i)i1o Oguc)i sai/& 8)e ,amilies, )o+ever, plan to continue t)eir legal ,ig)t against t)e (apanese government& Nippon Steel an/ many ot)er corporate giants to/ay, )ave sai/ t)ey only operate/ un/er government or/ers& .ompanies, inclu/ing N99 .orp&, Mitsu-is)i Heavy 7n/ustries an/ 9ajima .orp&, ,ace similar la+suits& 7n Dermany, t)e 'e/eral .ompensation Aa+ ,or slave la-our +ere esta-lis)e/ in "?$!& .laims are vali/ ,or /amage to )ealt), persecution an/ ,or -eing 1ept in prison<li1e con/itions& Oct , "?? , ! (apanese la+yers an/ sc)olars o, a group esta-lis)e/ earlier t)is year, inclu/ing la+yer 9o1en 8suc)iya, t)e ,ormer )ea/ o, t)e (apan 'e/eration o, 6ar Associations, Hosei University Pro,essor 0o1o 8ajima an/ novelist Aya1o Miurars, +ill pus) ,or legislation t)at +oul/ ma1e (apanese government /irectly compensate ,oreign WW77 victims& 8)e group +ill urge a nonpartisan group o, Diet mem-ers to intro/uce ; -ills, One -ill +oul/ -e aime/ at investigating =violations o, international )umanitarian la+= committe/ -y t)e (apan -e,ore an/ /uring WW77& 8)e ot)er +oul/ ena-le a provisional payment -y t)e government to t)e com,ort +omen& Nov& "?? , Sout) 9orean National Assem-ly /eci/e/ to pro)i-it entry o, +ar criminals into Sout) 9orea& Dec& "#, "?? t)e 8o1yo District .ourt /ismisse/ a la+suit ,ile/ -y .)inese ,ormer slave la-orers /uring WW77& 8)e la+yer 8a1as)i Niimi sai/ t)e group +ill appeal& 7n 'e-ruary, (u/ge Sono-e angere/ t)e plainti,,s +)en )e, /uring an oral )earing, su//enly announce/ t)at t)e court +oul/ +rap up its /eli-erations +it)out *uestioning t)e plainti,,s& 8)e plainti,,s "B;

imme/iately ,ile/ ,or /ismissal o, t)e ju/ges, -ut t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rejecte/ t)e motion& =/n n> st r ling li2e this has not only h rt the Hanao2a victims)" he sai() "$ t also has (owngra(e( the cre(i$ility an( (ignity of the Japanese > stice system&= 8)e plainti,,s claim t)at ?:% .)inese +ere ,orci-ly -roug)t ,rom .)ina to Hanao2a copper mine in A1ita an/ +ere slave/ into )ar/ la-or ,or 9ajima<gumi, t)e pre/ecessor o, 9ajima .orp& 7n (une "?B$, t)e .)inese revolte/ an/ +ere soon roun/e/ up an/ torture/& 7n t)e en/, ""! .)inese /ie/ -y torture& 8)ey sue/ t)e giant construction ,irm in (une "??$, /eman/ing $&$ million yen eac) in /amages ,or malnutrition, slave la-or an/ torture& Dec "$, "?? 8)e ,ilm =*on't Cry Nan>ing= +as ,inis)e/ -ac1 in "??$& 6ut it )as ta1en until t)e %#t) anniversary o, t)e Nanjing Massacre to get it s)o+n in (apan, -ut many cinemas in (apan are reluctant to screen t)e ,ilm&

49t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an ";, "??: (apan trie/ to apologi5e to 6ritain to smoot) t)e visit o, @mperor A1i)ito to 6ritain in May, ,or t)e su,,ering o, prisoners /uring WW77& (apan also o,,ere/ "&! million ,un/ ,or t)e gran/sons o, t)e 6ritis) PoWs to stu/y in (apan ,or " year& 6ut t)e veterans in -ot) @nglan/ an/ .ana/a rejecte/ it as too little an/ too late& =8)ere are several +ays in +)ic) you can say sorry in (apanese +it)out in any +ay apologi5ing& 3f it is not the form of Japanese that says) ''e apologize' Ti&e& use more sincere (apanese +or/ = shazai =, NO8 muc) less sincere (apanese +or/ =owa$i=U, 3 say so what += sai/ Coger .yr& = #hey were waiting for s to (ie then an( they are waiting for s to (ie now&= sai/ Art)ur 8it)erington& On t)e very same /ay, Dermany agree/ to esta-lis) a ,un/ o, ;## million mar1s to compensate (e+is) victims in @astern @urope an/ t)e ,ormer Soviet Union& 8)ey +ere -arre/ ,rom receiving t)e su-stantial compensation -ecause o, .ol/ War politics& Payments +ill -e release/ over a perio/ o, B years starting in "???& 7n Hong 9ong, Mr& Ng 0at<Hing, t)e c)airperson o, t)e Hong 9ong Ceparation Association, tells anot)er ,act t)at ,rom "?B" to "?B$, H9 +as un/er t)e control o, (apanese 7mperial Army& During t)is /ar1 perio/, all ot)er currencies +ere ,or-i//en except t)e (apanese Military 1en, calle/ Dunpyo& HK resi(ents were force( to han( o t their HK an( foreign c rrency) gol() >ewelry etc to e,change the Military 1en& 'hoever (iso$eye( were e,ec te(& All t)e gol/ an/ valua-les +ere eit)er s)ippe/ -ac1 to (apan or use/ to -uy military materials& 8)e exc)ange rate at t)at time +as ; to B H9 /ollars ,or " Military 1en& A,ter t)e +ar, t)e Military 1en imme/iately -ecame +ort)less paper& Many resi/ents +ere -an1rupte/ an/ some -ecame -eggars +)ile ot)ers starve/ to /eat)& Many ,amilies )a/ -ecome -ro1e over nig)t& 'or /eca/es, t)e Association )as -een unsuccess,ully /eman/ing t)e (apanese government to ta1e t)e responsi-ility o, exc)anging t)e Military 1en +)ic) totals 4G: million) now val e( at a$o t %" H5&?E 7illion, -ac1 to H9 /ollars& 7n August "??!, t)ey ,ile/ a la+ suit +it) t)e 8o1yo District .ourt& 8)ere )as -een ;: )earings in t)e (apanese court& 8)e (apanese government is still trying to ,orgo its /uty& (une " , "??? t)e 8o1yo District .ourt rejecte/ t)eir re*uest& Presi/ing (u/ge Seiic)iro Nis)io1a ac1no+le/ge/ t)at t)e exc)ange o, H9 /ollars +it) Military 1en +as compulsory& He sai/, =W)et)er t)e plainti,,s s)oul/ -e compensate/ is not a matter to -e /eci/e/ -y t)e courts -ut one to -e /eci/e/ -y t)e Diet&= ='e are not (eman(ing for war compensation) "B!

we are (eman(ing Japan to pay $ac2 their legal (e$t=, sai/ Mr& Ng& =#he Japanese government's fra ( lent act of reneging on its (e$ts will remain in history&= (apanese courts rejecte/ a similar claim ,ile/ -y a 8ai+an .)inese +oman on )er Military 1en in t)e early "?:#s& Mar ";, "??:, t)e (apanese Supreme .ourt +ill rule : 7n "?: , Mr& S)iro A5uma, a retire/ (apanese sol/ier, pu-lis)e/ =My Nan1ing Platoon= a /iary /escri-ing )is /ays in Nanjing& 7t /escri-e/ criminal acts committe/ -y t)e (apanese 7mperial Army +)ic) inclu/e/ savage 1illings, malicious rapes an/ countless +ar atrocities& Mitu)aru Has)imoto an/ )is ,ormer o,,icer Hi/eo Mori claime/ t)e /iary is a collection o, lies& 8)e 8o1yo Ao+er .ourt rule/ against A5uma& Mr& A5uma +rote in )is recent letter, =On Marc) ";, "??: exactly at ; pm, 7 +ill testi,y in t)e Supreme .ourt, an/ 7 +ill tell t)e trut) o, t)e Nanjing Massacre& 8)e seats ,or t)e pu-lic )earing +ill, +it)out /ou-t, -e ,ille/ +it) t)e 9ai1os)a Society, t)e group o, t)e ol/ (apanese 7mperial army o,,icers&&&&&& 3 am E6 year ol( now) $ t 3 will fight to (eath li2e a yo ng man) $ t this time is not for the ;mperor $ t for the J stice an( the History&= Dec ;!, "??: Dismissing t)e appeal, presi/ing (u/ge 9oetsu O1uyama o, t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt sai/ A5uma2s /iary /escri-es some 7mperial (apanese Army actions t)at cannot -e recogni5e/ as ,act& @xpressing strong /isapproval o, t)e ruling, A5uma2s la+yers sai/ t)ey +ill appeal t)e case to t)e Supreme .ourt& Apr& %, "??:, a US N"" millions movie = 0ri(e ! #he .atef l Moment= a-out 8ojo2s trial an/ execution +as release/ -y 8oei .o& in (apan& Den& Hi/e1i 8ojo, a class!/ war criminal, +as (apan2s prime minister in "?B" an/ gave t)e go<a)ea/ ,or t)e attac1 on 0earl Har$or& He steppe/ /o+n in "?BB to ta1e responsi-ility ,or t)e ,all o, Saipan& 8)e movie2s cast sai/ t)ey +ante/ to correct +)at t)ey calle/ misconceptions& #o>o) they sai() too2 Japan to war in self!(efense an( to li$erate /sia from control $y white 'estern colonizers& 8)e gro+ing popularity o, suc) vie+s )ere can -e seen -y t)e cro+/s t)at line/ up to see t)e movie, ma1ing it one o, t)e top<grossing /omestic ,ilms o, last year +it) procee/s o, N"%? million& 6y contrast, only a )an/,ul o, t)eaters /are/ to s)o+ =Nanjing "?! ,= a .)inese ,ilm release/ at almost t)e same time& Cig)t<+ing protesters even slas)e/ t)e screen at a 8o1yo t)eater +)ere t)e ,ilm +as s)o+n& Apr& ;", "??: ,ailing to give any speci,ic arguments or evi/ence 9uni)i1o Saito, t)e (apanese Am-assa/or to Was)ington too1 t)e extraor/inary move o, attac1ing t)e international -est selling -oo1 #he Rape of Nan2ing ! #he .orgotten Holoca st of ''33& 7n a//ition, Saito sternly +arne/ mem-ers o, t)e US House o, Cepresentatives not to sponsor t)e H.C ";%& 8)e -ill currently )as %! cosponsors an/ various victims groups an/ veterans groups are pus)ing ,or its passage prior to t)e a/journment o, t)e "#$t) .ongress& Over ";,### petitions )ave -een gat)ere/ ,rom every State in t)e Union in support o, t)is legislation an/ over $# veterans an/ military an/ )uman rig)ts organi5ations are supporting H.C ";%& Ca--i .ooper o, t)e Simon Wiesent)al .enter +rote a protest letter to (apanese Am-assa/or Saito ,or ,ailing to provi/e =any speci,ic /etails to -ac1 up your serious allegations&= 7n April ;: reply to t)e ra--i2s letter, Am-assa/or Saito merely *uote/ ,rom t)e +ar apology rea( $y then 0rime Minister #omiichi M rayama on Aug& "$, "??$ an/ o,,er no speci,ic -ac1 up ,or )is allegations& 6ut t)e apology in "??$ +as not passe/ -y (apanese parliament& "BB

Apr ; , "??: calling t)e army2s actions an example o, sexual an/ et)nic /iscrimination an/ a =f n(amental violation of h man rights=, (apan2s 0amaguc)i District .ourt (u/ge Hi/ea1i .)i1as)ita rule/ t)at (apan must compensate t)e ! Sout) 9orean +omen ,orce/ into sexual slavery /uring WW77 +it) N;,!## eac)& 8)e la+suit +as ,ile/ in "??; -y "# +omen +)o /eman/e/ a-out NB&; million in compensation ,or t)e pain t)ey )a/ su,,ere/& Ho+ever, t)e court rejecte/ claims -y o, t)e +omen, +)o )a/ /eman/e/ in t)e same la+suit t)at t)e (apanese government pay t)em ,or -eing slave/ to +or1 /uring t)e +ar& Seita 0amamoto, attorney ,or t)e ! +omen, sai/ )e +oul/ appeal ,or more money an/ apology& Some are outrage/,= )e sai/& Still, )e calle/ the r ling a $ig step in the right (irection& (apanese government )as re,use/ to compensate in/ivi/ual +ar victims, arguing t)at post+ar treaties settle/ all +artime claims& (apan )as pai/ N %#,### to ,ormer sex slaves, -ut t)roug) a privately ,un/e/ -o/y =Asian Women2s 'un/= so it coul/ s1irt a/mitting o,,icial responsi-ility& Many women have ref se( to accept money from the f n() which they say reflects Japan's fail re to show tr e remorse for its wartime actions& (apanese government spo1esman 9ane5o Murao1a calle/ t)e ruling =regretta-le=& 6ot) t)e (apanese 'oreign Ministry in 8o1yo an/ t)e 'oreign A,,airs Ministry in Seoul /ecline/ comment& 8)e ruling is li1ely to pro,oun/ly a,,ect ot)er $ pen/ing cases an/ encourage ot)ers to ,ile similar la+suits& May ;%, "??: (apanese @mperor A1i)ito visite/ @nglan/ +)ile survivors o, PoW turne/ t)eir -ac1s an/ -ooe/ t)e ne+ly arrive/ @mperor& Some protesters +)istle/ !olonel &ogey, t)e tune associate/ +it) t)e ,ilm 7ri(ge on the River Kwai& Many +ore re/ gloves to sym-oli5e t)e -loo/ t)ey sai/ +as on (apan2s )an/s& 8)ey +ere see1ing N;;,:## compensation an/ an sincere apology& (une ;; "??: Aut)or 7ris .)ang )as c)allenge/ to a pu-lic /e-ate six (apanese sc)olars +)o say t)e "?! =Cape o, Nan1ing= never )appene/& =#hese revisionists are engage( in a secon( rape of Nan2ing ! the Rape of History,= s)e sai/& Ca--i A-ra)am .ooper o, t)e Simon Wiesent)al .enter, +)ic) trac1s Na5i +ar criminals, li1ene/ (apanese revisionists to t)ose +)o say t)at accounts o, t)e Na5i Holocaust +ere ,ictionali5e/ or exaggerate/& =Japan cannot $e tr ste( as a mem$er of the comm nity of nations ntil it once an( for all) sincerely an( gen inely) apologizes for its (ee(s ( ring 'orl( 'ar 33 !! $eginning with Nan2ing,= .ooper sai/& (une ;$, "??: 0os)io S)ino5u1a, 8a1emitsu Oga+a an/ S)iro A5uma are all aging (apanese veterans +)o repeate/ly )ave a/mitte/ participating in WW77 atrocities, an/ +ante/ to -ring t)eir *uest ,or re/emption to t)e US an/ .ana/a& Mr& S)iro A5uma got a severe col/ an/ a-an/one/ )is plan to go a-roa/& 3ronically %" an( Cana(a $arre( "hinoz 2a from entering the co ntry ( e to their past war crimes& 8)e US (ustice Department -arre/ S)ino5u1a as a result o, a "??% /ecision to a// suspecte/ (apanese +ar criminals to t)e "'atch <ist" CHoltzman /men(mentD) which containe( names of more than 6:)::: Nazi) / strian) an( 3talian war criminals& 7 t has only 99 Japanese names a((e( since 5AA6& S)ino5u1a argue/ t)at t)ose li1e )imsel, who want to tell the tr th a$o t war crimes sho l( not $e on the "'atch <ist"& Sa-uro 7enaga, a pro,essor o, (apanese )istory +)o )as -attle/ +it) mixe/ success to get (apanese )ig) sc)ool text-oo1s to inclu/e t)e ,acts o, t)e country2s con/uct in Worl/ War 77, "B$

suspects t)at t)e %&"& government fears "hinoz 2a's testimony wo l( em$arrass /merican officials& "He will ca se them pro$lems) not $eca se of what he (i() $ t $eca se of what he 2nows&" 8)ey +ere sc)e/ule/ to ta1e part in a )istorical tour calle/ = #he .orgotten Holoca st o, WW77 in Asia&= an/ ,orum o, =A Dlimpse o, Ceconciliation<Unit !" P)oto @x)i-ition=& 7t +as organi5e/ -y #he Glo$al /lliance for 0reserving the History of ''33 in /sia& 7t travele/ ,ive cities: 8oronto, Ne+ 0or1, Was)ington, D&.&, Gancouver an/ San 'rancisco ,rom late (une to early (uly& Mr& 9o1en 8suc)iya, a senior la+yer ,rom 8o1yo, +as lea/ing t)e /elegation& He is also t)e c)ie, attorney ,or t)e la+suit o, "#: .)inese germ +ar,are victims against t)e (apanese government& O, t)e ! eye+itness, only Dr& 8a1emitsu Oga+a +as allo+e/ to enter into t)e US to give )is testimony& 7n recalling t)e -asis o, (apanese military training, Oga+a explaine/ t)at it was a training of 2illing with the three!all policy@ 2ill all) $ rn all) an( loot all& @ven +it) t)e t)oroug) e/ucation system at t)e time to -rain+as) t)e 7mperial sol/iers, many +ere not psyc)ologically ,it to 1ill an/ /evelope/ autonomic ataxia +it) symptoms suc) as vomiting, /iarr)ea, a-normal ,ever, incontinent urine, ast)ma, spasm, paralysis o, one si/e o, t)e -o/y, etc& "#he sol(iers 2new that if they (eserte( the three!all or(er) they wo l( $e shot (ea(& 3n those e,treme sit ations) they showe( a$normal symptoms ! that was e,treme a tonomic ata,ia)" Oga+a explaine/& One o, =8)e sol/ier +as so a,rai/ to return to t)e -attle,iel/ t)at )e 1ille/ )imsel,&= Oga+a2s testimony s)e/s lig)t on (apan2s experience on t)e +ar <somet)ing t)at its government an/ people )a/ ,or a long time 1ept silent a-out& (uly !" "??:, (apanese ne+ agriculture minister S)oic)i Na1aga+a, +)o is oppose/ to /escri-ing (apan2s +artime atrocities in sc)ool text-oo1s, sai/ t)at Asian +omen may not )ave -een ,orce/ to +or1 as sex slaves in (apanese army -rot)els /uring WW77& A ,e+ )ours later, )e retracte/ t)em& =8)ey +ere ,orci-ly recruite/,= He sai/ at a later ne+s con,erence& 8)e ne+ (apanese Prime Minister 9ei5o O-uc)i playe/ /o+n t)e inci/ent& 3n the past Japanese ca$inet ministers have freI ently ma(e similar p $lic comments *;N13NG atrocities Japan committe( ( ring ''33, +it) some losing t)eir posts over t)e statements& As in (anuary "?? , Seiro1u 9ajiyama, a ADP conten/er ,or t)e premiers)ip, claime/ t)at =com,ort +omen= )a/ provi/e/ sex to (apanese troops =,or money&= 'e-& "??? No-u1atsu 'ujio1a, a pro,essor at 8o1yo University an/ t)e c)airman o, t)e (apanese Society ,or History 8ext-oo1 Ce,orm +)ic) aims to erase all (apan2s atrocities ,rom text -oo1, =.om,ort +omen +ere not sexual slaves= sai/ t)e pro,essor& 8)ey +ere simply prostitutes ta1en to +ar 5ones -y private -ro1ers,= 'ujio1a tol/ a lunc)eon at t)e 'oreign .orrespon/ents2 .lu- o, (apan& August ;!, "??: 6anne/ ,rom entering Nort) America, G Japanese veterans ma(e a glo$al 3nternet 'e$ /pology over a satellite vi/eo lin1 to panelists at t)e Simon Wiesent)al .enter in Aos Angeles& Clic2 here to view an( listen to the testimonies of Japanese 'itnesses& Ha1u/o Nagatomi sai/ )e )a/ +itnesse/ part o, t)e +ee1s o, slaug)ter ,rom late "?! to early "?!: at Nan1ing& Aater, as a mem-er o, t)e 7mperial Army2s to1umu 1i1an 3intelligence ,orce4 in .)ina, )e )a/ =-urne/ to /eat)= t+o c)il/ren insi/e t)eir )ouse, a crime ,or +)ic)

"B%

t)eir mot)er con,ronte/ )im at a trial in .)ina a,ter t)e +ar& =3 am so sorry)" sai( Nagatomi) weeping& "3 wo l( li2e a > (ge to p nish me& #hat is the only way 3 can repent&= 8+o o, t)e ot)er (apanese veterans S)iro A5uma an/ 0os)io S)ino5u1a, )a/ -ot) -een /enie/ entry in (une to t)e US an/ .ana/a ,or t)eir suspecte/ involvement in =crimes against Humanity& A5uma )as -ecome +ell<1no+n in (apan ,or pu-lis)ing a /iary )e 1ept as a sol/ier in Nan1ing t)at /etails atrocities& He )as since -een t)reatene/ many times -y rig)tists in (apan, an/ accuse/ o, li-el an/ ,a-rication -y ot)er Army veterans, inclu/ing )is ,ormer platoon comman/er, +)o are suing )im in court& A5uma sai/ )e )a/ personally -ayonette/ to /eat) ! .)inese civilians, =ol/ men an/ +omen, some cra/ling c)il/ren in t)eir arms, just li1e potatoes on a s1e+er&= S)ino5u1a, a mem-er o, t)e 7mperial Army2s in,amous =Unit !"= sai/ )e too1 part in t)e mass cultivation o, ,leas to carry -u-onic plague, an/ o, typ)oi/, paratyp)oi/, c)olera, plague an/ ant)rax germs& He also too1 part in t)e live vivisection o, ,ive .)inese prisoners +)o )a/ -een in,ecte/ +it) plague germs to test t)eir /ea/ly e,,icacy& At Unit !", S)ino5u1a an/ )is colleagues +oul/ /ismissively re,er to t)ese guinea pigs -y t)eir co/e name<<=maruta= 3+oo/en logs4& 8)is slang /erive/ ,rom t)e cover story /uring t)e construction perio/: 8)e .)inese la-orers an/ in)a-itants o, Ping 'an +ere tol/ t)at t)e )uge complex +as /estine/ to -ecome a lum-er mill& A ,ormer co<mem-er o, t)e Unit !" =yout) corps,= 9anetos)i 8suruta sai/ )e also too1 part in t)e Nomon)an o,,ensive, /umping li*ui/ ,rom an oil /rum into a river +)ic) )a/ -een lace/ +it) typ)oi/ -acilli& S)el/on Harris, pro,essor emeritus o, )istory at .ali,ornia State University an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1, =.actories of *eath@ Japanese 7iological 'arfare 5A9?!G4 an( the /merican Cover! p= stresse/ t)e enormous scale o, (apan2s top<secret -iological +ar,are 36W4 e,,ort an/ o, t)e atrocities committe/ in t)e process& =My calculation, +)ic) is very conservative, an/ -ase/ on incomplete sources as t)e major arc)ives are still close/, is t)at "#,### to ";,### )uman -eings +ere exterminate/ in la- experiments& Most +ere +ipe/ out in ,our to six +ee1s, -ut sometimes it too1 % mont)s,= Harris tol/ t)e satellite con,erence& 7n a//ition, 6W =,iel/ tests +ere carrie/ out all over .)ina inclu/ing Manc)uria,= in +)ic) =a *uarter o, a million innocent people +ere +ipe/ out &&& 8)is +as a massive un/erta1ing -y t)e entire (apanese scienti,ic community o, t)e time,= Harris tol/ t)e glo-al au/ience, =there were 7' la$oratories in 7ei>ing) "hanghai) Nan2ing) "ingapore) Rangoon an( 7ang2o2)= )e sai/& =#he %&"& government is as c lpa$le for inaction as Japan) an( the Cana(ian) 7ritish) * tch an( / stralian governments 2new a$o t it &&& 'hile the %" "$ears a ma>or responsi$ility" for the cover p of %nit 895) the greater responsi$ility lies with Japanese&= 8o1yo panelist 9o1en 8suc)iya, t)e c)ie, la+yer ,or "#: .)inese victims an/ relatives o, victims o, (apanese -iological +ar,are, sai/, =7 am em-arrasse/ as a (apanese -y t)e attitu/e o, t)e (apanese government o, not revealing, on its o+n, in,ormation a-out 6W activity an/ issuing an apology&= A1ira 'uji+ara, emeritus pro,essor o, )istory at Hitotsu-as)i University, a//e/, =8)ere are still politicians in (apan to/ay +)o /eny t)at t)e 7mperial Army committe/ atrocities in "B

Nan1ing& 8)ose +)o spea1 out against t)e atrocities at Nan1ing receive t)reatening letters ,rom rig)tists &&&& <i2e / schwitz sym$olizes the atrocities committe( ( ring the war $y the Nazis) so (oes Nan2ing sym$olize the worst atrocities committe( $y the Japanese /rmy= Sept ;;, "??: 'ollo+ing Gol1s+agen2s lea/, Siemens announce/ its o+n plans ,or a ;# million mar1 ,un/ to compensate ,ormer slave la-orers ,orce/ to +or1 ,or t)e company -y t)e Na5is /uring WW77, in a//ition to t)e &; million mar1s it )a/ pai/ to t)e (e+is) .laims .on,erence in "?%" to provi/e )umanitarian )elp ,or t)e victims& Along +it) Siemens an/ Gol1s+agen, 9rupp, Daimler<6en5, Au/i an/ 6MW are name/ in a Ne+ 0or1 la+suit see1ing a portion o, t)e company pro,its ,or t)ousan/s o, ,ormer slave la-orers& Oct& ?, "??: 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt rejecte/ claims -y B% 'ilipinas +)o sai/ t)ey s)oul/ -e compensate/ ,or -eing ,orce/ into prostitution -y t)e (apanese military /uring WW77& 8)e ju/ge rule/ against t)e +omen saying t)ey coul/ ma1e no in/ivi/ual claims against a nation +it)out international la+s to support t)e action& Aa+yers ,or t)e +omen argue/ t)at t)e "?# Hague .onvention re*uires a nation to pay compensation i, it violates t)e terms o, t)e convention& 8)e ruling is in star1 contrast to t+o special reports issue/ -y t)e Unite/ Nations t)at )ave propose/ t)at 8o1yo compensate in/ivi/uals ,orce/ into sex slavery /uring WW77& official report) s $mitte( $y the %N "pecial Rapporte r on Violence against 'omen $y Ra(hi2a Coomaraswamy) on the wartime "e, "lavery, an/ report -y 7nternational .ommision o, (urists, Deneva Comfort 'omen @ /n %nfinishe( -r(eal& 7n "??:, anot)er UN report -y Special Capporteur Ms& Day (& McDougall "ystematic Rape) "e, al "lavery an( "lavery!li2e practices ( ring arme( conflict& Oct& ?, "??: (apanese Prime Minister 9ei5o O-uc)i issue/ )is country2s apology +)ic) +as more sincere t)an t)ose ma/e in t)e past to t)e Sout) 9orean people ,or its !$ years o, +artime -rutal colonial rule& A joint /eclaration ma/e -y O-uc)i an/ Sout) 9orean Presi/ent 9im Dae<jung, sai/ O-uc)i =expresse/ /eep remorse an/ exten/e/ a )eart,elt apology to t)e people o, Sout) 9orea, )aving )um-ly accepte/ t)e )istorical ,act t)at (apan in,licte/ )eavy /amage an/ pain on t)e people o, Sout) 9orea t)roug) its colonial rule&= 6ut )e ma/e no mention o, sex slaves& 7t +as t)e ,irst +ritten apology ever issue/ to an in/ivi/ual country -y (apan ,or its actions -e,ore an/ /uring WW77& 8)e Sout) 9orean lea/er promise/ O-uc)i a gra/ual opening up to (apanese cultural imports, -anne/ since t)e (apanese occupation en/e/ in "?B$& (apanese movies, popular songs an/ even cars are pro)i-ite/ in Sout) 9orea& O-uc)i o,,ere/ 9im a loan pac1age to -eat its economic /o+ntrun& Many insiste/ t)at (apan must pay compensation to t)e =com,ort +omen=& Nov& ;% "??: .)inese Presi/ent (iang Kemin arrive/ in 8o1yo ,or a six</ay visit, -ecoming t)e ,irst .)inese )ea/ o, state to set ,oot in (apan& Ho+ever, (apan2s ina-ility to apology ,or its +artime crimes to .)ina +as -ac1 onstage in a -ig +ay& 8)is suggests a sinister ,ailure -y 8o1yo to renounce its past or to men/ its +ays& 3t also casts (o $t on the sincerity of previo s Japanese attempts to apologize to its neigh$o rs& 3t also reflects the power of right!wing gro ps within an( o tsi(e Japan's r ling <i$eral *emocratic 0arty&

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At t)e same time, t)e 8o1yo District .ourt tersely rejecte/ a la+suit ,ile/ in "??$ -y WW77 PoWs an/ civilian internees /eman/ing an apology an/ US N;;,### compensation ,or eac) /etainee& =3 spit on the (oorstep of the *iet& #here's no > stice in this co ntry&= Art)ur 8it)erington, a ,ormer PoW sai/ a,ter t)e ruling& =Dermany )as -een a-le to molli,y t)e +orl/ a-out its +artime past -ecause t)ey /i/n2t )i/e t)ings, li1e (apan /i/,= 0asuo 9urata sai/& Nov& !# "??: 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt /ismisse/ a /amages suit ,ile/ in "??B -y seven Dutc) men imprisone/ -y (apanese military ,orces an/ a Dutc) +oman ,orce/ into Sex Slavery /uring WW77, see1ing N;;,### eac) in compensation& Aa+yers ,or t)e plainti,,s )a/ argue/ t)at Article ! o, t)e "?# Hague .onvention allo+s in/ivi/ual victims o, +ar to claim /amages ,rom t)e nation +)ose arme/ ,orces violate/ rules o, +ar, suc) as )umanitarian treatment o, PoWs an/ respect ,or t)e li,e an/ rig)ts o, resi/ents in t)e occupie/ territories& Presi/ing (u/ge 8aic)i 9ajimura ac1no+le/ge/ -ot) t)e in)uman -rutal treatment against t)e plainti,,s an/ its illegality& Nevert)eless, )e /ismisse/ t)e plainti,,s2 claims ,or compensation, saying international la+ /oes not give in/ivi/uals t)e rig)t to see1 re/ress ,or su,,ering /uring +ar& 8)e government maintaine/ t)at t)e Hague .onvention, +)ic) (apan rati,ie/ in "?"", stipulates state<to<state relations an/ cannot -e applie/ to in/ivi/uals& #he recognition of $oth the inh mane $r tal treatment against the plaintiffs an( its illegality "is very important !! in relation to the Hag e Convention of 5A:8)= sai/ plainti,, Derar/ (ungslager =We are going to appeal -ecause in/ivi/uals2 rig)ts )ave not yet -een recogni5e/&&&& Ho+ever, t)e most important step is t)at t)e ,irst step )as -een set in t)e rig)t /irection&=

4Gt) 1ear of "o

l "earching

'e-& "???, 8+elve giant Derman companies, 7D 'ar-en, Allian5 AD, 6AS' AD, 6ayer AD, 6MW AD, Daimler.)rysler AD, DegussaHuels AD, Dres/ner 6an1 AD, 'rie/ 9rupp AD Hoesc) 9rupp, Hoec)st AD, Siemens AD an/ Gol1s+agen AD, )ave agree/ to compensate slave la-ourers an/ ot)er Na5i era victims& 7t +as estimate/ t)at t)e total +oul/ -e ;&$ -illion& Deutsc)e 6an1 c)ie, executive Col, 6reuer /escri-e/ t)e ,un/ as a milestone, similar to "&? -illion settlement reac)e/ -y S+iss -an1s o, Holocaust claims last year& Marc) ;:, "???, 7n (apan 8o1yo, a controversial N"; -illion yen national museum, S)o+a Hall Museum +as o,,icially opene/& 7t is (apan2s ,irst museum a-out t)e WW77& Ho+ever, insi/e t)ere is not)ing a-out (apanese +ar crimes < com,ort +o+en, Nanjing massacre, Unit !", germ +ar,are, not even 0earl Har$or, Hiros)ima etc& 9a5uo O)as)i, a paci,ist, +as so outrage/ -y S)o+a Hall )e )as ,ile/ a la+suit +it) )is supporters accusing t)e government o, misusing tax money to -uil/ it& =7t2s a s)am,= O)as)i sai/& =8)e museum contains not)ing a-out t)e +ar&= His la+suit is pen/ing in a 8o1yo court& Apr& "??? 7n a lan/mar1 settlement, giant steelma1er N99 .orp& agree/ to pay US N!B,### to a Sout) 9orean man +)o +as ,orci-ly -roug)t to (apan ,or slave la-or /uring WW77& 8)is is t)e secon/ court<-ro1ere/ settlement o, suc) a suit& 8)e ,irst payment -y a (apanese company to a plainti,, << a -ereave/ ,amily receiving payment ,rom a company in t)e ,irst case& 9im 9yung Su1, ;, ,ile/ )is la+suit in "??" /eman/ing "# million yen in /amages an/ an apology ,rom t)e company& 8)oug) t)e court a/mitte/ N992s +rong/oing, it /ismisse/ any responsi-ility o, t)e steel giant, saying t)e ;#<year statute o, limitations )a/ alrea/y run out& His la+yer, 9a5uyu1i A5usa+a, says t)e t)reat o, losing a su-+ay contract in Seoul may )ave prompte/ t)e settlement, =(apanese companies are not sincere,=& "B?

May "???, .ana/a AAPHA is launc)ing a electronic postcar( sen(ing campaign to support t)e Cana(a .e(eral 7ill C!G8A Recognition of Crimes /gainst H manity /ct& 8)e purpose o, t)e 6ill is to man/ate t)e esta-lis)ment o, an ex)i-it in t)e .ana/ian Museum o, .ivili5ation to recogni5e t)e crimes against Humanity as /e,ine/ -y t)e Unite/ Nations t)at )ave -een perpetrate/ /uring t)e t+entiet) century& 7, t)is 6ill is passe/, t)en ex)i-its on t)e systematic an/ organi5e/ atrocities an/ crimes against Humanity committe/ -y t)e (apanese military mac)ine t)roug)out Asia -e,ore an/ /uring WW 77 +ill -e inclu/e/ in t)e national Musuem o, .ivili5ation& Aug& ;B, "??? 8)e .ali,ornia State Assem-ly approve/ t)e resolution /JR ?8 -y urging (apan to apologi5e ,or its +artime atrocities an/ o,,er in/ivi/ual compensation to American veterans, ,ormer sex slaves an/ ot)er victims& 8)ey also passe/ la+s e,ten(ing the stat te of limitations for ''33 laws its to ?:5:& 8)e resolution maintains t)at t)e (apanese actions are not enoug), an/ calls on t)e (apanese government to issue a =clear an/ unam-iguous apology&= 7t calls on U&S& .ongress an/ t)e Presi/ent to also see1 an apology an/ reparations ,rom (apan& (uly "??? ? 8ai+an .)inese +omen ,orce/ to +or1 as sex slaves are ta1ing t)e 8o1yo government to court /eman/ing "# million yen eac) in compensation an/ an o,,icial apology& At least ;,### 8ai+an .)inese +omen +ere ,orce/ to +or1 as com,ort +omen -ut only a-out B# /isclose/ t)eir grie,& Aug ?, "??? (apan2s parliament vote/ "%% to " enacte/ -itterly conteste/ legislation ens)rining as national sym-ols t)e notorious rising sun ,lag an/ t)e imperial )ymn 9imigayo as t)e national ant)em& .om/emne/ -y )un/re/s protesters /emonstrate/ outsi/e t)e -uil/ing -ecause o, t)eir connection +it) (apan2s militarist an/ imperial past& Aug& ; , "??? 3n a 54!? resol tion) the %&N& " $commission on H man Rights re>ecte( Japan's reasons for (enying government compensation to women force( to serve as se, slaves for the Japanese military ( ring ''33& 7t stresse/ t)at un/er international la+, governments are responsi-le ,or +ar crimes an/ ot)er rig)ts violations committe/ -y t)eir sol/iers& 8)e (apanese governments =s)all, i, t)e case /eman/s, -e lia-le to pay compensation=& Aug& "??? Calp) Aeven-erg ,ile/ a class<action suit un/er a ne+ .ali,ornia la+ t)at aut)ori5es any Worl/ War 77 slave<la-or victim to sue ,or compensation& 8)e /e,en/ant is Nippon S)aryo, one o, (apan2s -iggest ma1ers o, railroa/ cars& Aeven-erg is /eman/ing compensation an/ a clear, no +iggle<room apology& Aeven-erg2s la+yers alrea/y )ave ot)er -ig (apanese corporations in t)eir sig)ts, inclu/ing )eavy+eig)ts li1e Mitsu-is)i .orp& an/ Mitsui H .o& 6ot) ,irms +ere name/ in a suit Aeven-erg ,ile/ earlier t)is year in a U&S& ,e/eral /istrict court an/ -ot) coul/ ,ace litigation un/er t)e ne+ .ali,ornia la+& 7, companies in ; rope are moving) however rel ctantly) to close the final acco nts of the war) their co nterparts in Japan have not yet $eg n& At least B% +ar re/ress suits )ave -een ,ile/ in (apanese courts, Not one case )as -een +on& Accor/ing to attorney 0os)ita1a 8a1agi, ! cases )ave -een settle/ out o, court, inclu/ing a ,orce/ la-or case against steel giant N99 .orp& 7n ; cases, t)e courts rule/ t)at t)e plainti,,s )a/ -een +ronge/, t)oug) t)ey /ecline/ to or/er restitution, saying it is up to parliament to /eci/e +)et)er an/ )o+ to compensate victims&

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Sept !, "??? A .ali,ornia -ase/ la+yer 6arry 'is)er urge/ t)e (apanese an/ U&S& government, (apanese companies to /isclose +artime /ocuments t)at +oul/ expose ,acts a-out t)e ,orce/ la-or o, American prisoners o, +ar in (apan /uring WW77, +)ereas t)e Derman government recently /isclose/ papers t)at reveale/ over $## ,irms +ere involve/ in t)e Holocaust& Sept "!, "??? $## American ex<PoWs use/ as slave la-orers /uring WW77 are see1ing an apology an/ compansation& 8)e la+suit, +)ic) see1s nation+i/e class<action status, +as ,ile/ in U&S& District .ourt in Al-u*uer*ue, N&M&, against ,ive (apanese companies < 9a+asa1i Heavy 7n/ustries, At/&, Mitusi H .o&, 7nc&, Mitsu-is)i 7nternational .orp&, Nippon Steel .orp&, an/ S)o+a Den1o, 8)ey use/ POWs to pro/uce +ar goo/s -et+een "?B; an/ "?B$& Suc) actions are illegal un/er t)e Deneva .onvention an/ various treaties t)at (apan2s +artime government promise/ to )onor& @li (& Warac), a la+yer ,or t)e plainti,,s, sai/ t)e la+suit comes more t)an $# years a,ter t)e +ar -ecause evi/ence an/ in,ormation +it))el/ -y U&S& agencies /uring t)e .ol/ War +as only recently /eclassi,ie/& Several ex<PoWs also sai/ U&S& o,,icials +arne/ t)em in "?B$ an/ as1e/ t)em to sign secrecy /ocument not to /iscuss t)eir experiences& Sept ;;, "??? 8)e 8o1yo court rule/ t)at it /oes not ac1no+le/ge t)e rig)t o, a ,oreign in/ivi/ual to see1 compensation ,or +ar /amages ,rom (apan& 8)e la+yer o, "# .)inese plainti,,, Hiros)i Oyama complaine/ t)at t)e /ecision +as -ase/ less on t)e la+ t)an on t)e ju/ges2 personal political vie+s& 8)e plainti,,s +ill appeal, sai/ anot)er o, t)eir la+yers, Harumi Watana-e& 8)ey /eman/e/ compensation ,or su,,ering cause/ -y +artime -iological experiments, t)e Cape o, Nan1ing an/ t)e ,ire-om-ing o, 0ong2an city& 8)e (apanese government )as ac1no+le/ge/ t)at /uring t)e +ar its Unit !", -ase/ in t)e .)inese city o, Har-in, con/ucte/ experiments +it) -u-onic plague, ant)rax an/ c)olera on t)ousan/s o, Allie/ prisoners o, +ar an/ .)inese civilians& Oct& ; , "??? Mem-ers o, t)e AA<-ase/ Simon Wiesent)al .enter an/ t)e Ne+ 0or1<-ase/ Alliance in Memory o, Gictims o, t)e Nanjing Massacre met +it) Attorney Deneral (anet Ceno an/ Pentagon o,,icials& 8)e activists sai/ US o,,icials promise/ to persua/e (apan to supply in,ormation a-out )uman experiments in WW77& Cep& 8om Aantos, D<.ali,&, sent a letter to (apanese Prime Minister 9ei5o O-uc)i urging t)at )is government release t)e /ocuments& 7, not complie/, Aantos sai/ )e plans to sponsor legislation in .ongress t)at +oul/ /eclassi,y U&S& /ocuments relating to WW77 in )opes o, ,in/ing in,ormation& Mean+)ile, .ooper an/ ot)er activists +ant Was)ington to mo/i,y t)e amnesty grante/ to (apanese veterans or express some regret& =3f the %&"& will ac2nowle(ge its moral error perhaps that will inspire the Japanese to loo2 at this $lac2 hole,= .ooper sai/& Nov& B "??? (apan2s lea/ing journalist Hon/a 9atsuic)i re,lecte/ on t)e Nanjing Massacre to t)e +orl/ t)roug) t)e internet& Clic2 here to listen& He also /iscusse/ )is ne+ -oo1 #he Nan>ing Massacre@ / Japanese Jo rnalist Confronts Japan's National "hame& Dec& , "??? On t)e anniversary o, (apan2s attac) on 0earl Har$or, Ne+ 0or1 la+yer @/+ar/ D& 'agan, -est 1no+n ,or )is -illion</ollar la+suits on -e)al, o, (e+is) Holocaust survivors, ,ile/ a class action la+suit against t)e (apanese in/ustrial giants Mitsui, Mitsu-is)i .orp& an/ Nippon Steel .orp& on -e)al, o, ,ormer prisoners o, +ar +)o +ere use/ as slave la-orers& A total o, ": class action la+suits )ave alrea/y -een ,ile/ in t)e U&S, +it) /o5ens more planne/&

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Nov& :, "??? US& .ongressmen intro/uce/ Cesolution H&!;$B co/i,ying WW77 +ar crimes claims& H&!;B$ is a parallel -ill to Cesolution S&":$%, intro/uce/ last 8)urs/ay in t)e Senate, to amen/ title ;: o, t)e Unite/ States .o/e to aut)ori5e 'e/eral /istrict courts to )ear civil actions to recover /amages or secure relie, ,or certain injuries to persons an/ property un/er or resulting ,rom t)e Na5i regime an/ its +artime allies inclu/ing (apan& 7t ,urt)ers t)e resolve o, t)e U&S& .ongress to -ring proper closures to outstan/ing WW77 civil lia-ility issues& Novem-er "#, "??? Resol tion "&5A:? +as intro/uce/ to revie+ an/ examine +artime /ocuments relate/ to (apanese +ar crimes ,rom "?!" to "?B:, /eclassi,y t)em an/ release/ to t)e National Arc)ive ,or pu-lic access& 7t is a parallel -ill to a US Senate resolution S&"! ? passe/ -y unanimous consent in -ot) t)e Senate an/ t)e House last year to /eclassi,y all Na5i +ar crime recor/s t)roug) a similar interagency& Dec& " , "??? Derman, U&S& an/ east @uropean o,,icials agree/ to setup a US N$&; -illion ,un/ to compensate Na5i<era slave an/ ,orce/ la-ourers, a-out N:,### ,or eac) in a concentration camp an/ a-out N!,;## ,or eac) non<concentration camp ,orce/ la-ourer& Payment +oul/ start in t)e mi//le o, year ;###& Dec& ;B, "??? (apan ,inally announce/ t)at its government +ill spen/ US N; & million /ollars to /estroy all t)eir .)emical Weapon le,t in .)ina /uring WW77& 7t is estimate/ 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s still scattere( in China& Many of them are corro(e( an( lea2ing an( have ca se( many ca salities to the Chinese& As a signatory o, .)emical Weapons Prevention 8reaty, (apan is presse/ -y t)e 7nternational c)emical +eapon prevention organi5ation to cleanup in $ years, -ut t)e (apanese government sai/ "# years are re*uire/ /ue to t)e large *uantity o, t)ese /ea/ly WMD .)emical Weapons& Accor/ing to UN regulation, t)e c)emical +eapon must -e /estroye/ -y ;## &

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(an& ;### O,,icials in t)e (apan2s !r/<-iggest city o, Osa1a sai/ t)ey )a/ no c)oice -ut to let a nationalist group )ol/ a conference) ironically in the -sa2a 0eace Center) with the theme "#he 7iggest <ie of the ?:th Cent ry" insisting that the 5A98 Nan>ing Massacre never occ rre(& 8)e same citi5ens2 group organise/ a screening o, t)e Japanese film 0ri(e ! #he .atef l Moment which (epicts ''33 lea(er Hi(e2i #o>o as a heroic warrior rather than a Class / 'ar Criminal at t)e same ,acility in "??:& Voices (ismissing or greatly playing (own Japan's wartime crimes are reg larly hear( from Japanesee political) aca(emic an( me(ia esta$lishment& 8)e governor o, 8o1yo, S)intaro 7s)i)ara, ,or one, )as ,re*uently calle/ t)e Nanjing Massacre a lie& 7n t)e past (apanese ca-inet ministers also ,re*uently ma/e similar pu-lic /enying comments +it) some losing t)eir posts over t)e statements& 7n (anuary "?? , Seiro1u 9ajiyama, a ADP conten/er ,or t)e premiers)ip, even claime/ t)at =com,ort +omen= )a/ provi/e/ sex to (apanese troops =,or money=& (an& "?, ;### U&S& Ne-ras1a State Senator Don Preiester o, Oma)a an/ "; o, )is Senate colleagues )ave intro/uce/ Aegislative Cesolution ;?: 3AC ;?:4 con/emning t)e atrocities (apanese military committe/ in t)e WW77 an/ /eman/ing t)e Dovernment o, (apan to o,,er ,ormal apology an/ compensations to its victims& A similar resolution passe/ in .ali,ornia, namely /JR ?8, +)ic) +as intro/uce/ -y (apanese American Assem-lyman Mi1e Hon/a o, San (ose& "$;

(an& ; , ;### #o n(erline that Germans inten( to remain aware of Nazi evils) German government (eci(e( to $ il( a mon ment > st so th of the lan(mar2 7ran(en$ rg Gate& 8)e monument +ill consist o, a vast ,iel/ o, ;, ## close<set concrete sla-s resem-ling stones in a graveyar/& Jan& ?8 is also Germany's ann al *ay of Remem$rance for Victims of Nazism) esta$lishe( in 5AA6& 'e- ", ;### Resol tion HR 9465 +as intro/uce/ in t)e US House -y 6rian 6il-ray& 7t is a parallel -ill to t)e "enate Resol tion "&5A:?, t)e (apanese 7mperial Army War .rime Disclosure Act on Nov& "???& HC !$%" H S&"?#; are to create an interagency +or1 group, ,ully ,un/e/ ,or ! years, to revie+ an/ examine +artime /ocuments relate/ to (apanese +ar crimes ,rom "?!" to "?B:, /eclassi,y t)em an/ release/ to t)e National Arc)ive ,or pu-lic access& 'e-& ;### 7n a speec) to 7srael2s Parliament, (o)annes Cau, t)e German presi(ent sai() "3 as2 forgiveness for what Germans have (one ! for myself an( my generation) for the sa2e of o r chil(ren an( o r chil(ren's chil(ren&" May "$ ;### "enate Resol tion 58G +as intro/uce/& 8)e resolution calls attention to t)e atrocities committe/ -y (apan against t)e .)inese an/ ot)ers /uring WW77& 7t also calle/ on t)e Dovernment o, (apan to issue a ,ormal apology an/ reparations to t)e victims o, its +ar crimes& May ":, ;### #rying to $l nt fears of /sian co ntries a$o t a res rrection of Japanese militarism) Japanese 0rime Minister 1oshiro Mori apologize( for any "mis n(erstan(ings" for en(orsing the nationalists' view that Japan is a "(ivine co ntry" whose emperor has a pipeline to the go(s) $ t he ref se( to retract his comments, +)ic) )e sai/ +ere meant to re,lect =(apan2s eternal tra/itional culture&= 8)e WW77 invasions +ere ,uelle/ -y "hinto Religion +)ic) )el/ t)at (apan2s emperor )a/ a man/ate ,rom t)e go/ to ta1e over Asia& De,eate/, constitution +as re+ritten to separate religion an/ politics& 6ut t)e ol/ militarism lives on among (apan2s ultrarig)t, +)o glori,y t)e country2s +ar )istory an/ play /o+n /ocumente/ +ar atrocities& (apanese Prime Minister Mori ma/e )is statement Mon/ay to a group o, legislators an/ "hinto lea/ers in a speec) mar1ing t)e !#t) anniversary o, t)e Parliamentarian .on,erence ,or "hinto Politics Aeague, o, +)ic) )e is a ,oun/ing mem-er& Opposition parties calle/ ,or Prime Minster2s resignation& Mr& Mori apologi5e/ again a +ee1 later an/ still re,uses to +it)/ra+ it& May ;B ;### (apanese @mperor A1i)ito starte/ a state visit to t)e Net)erlan/s, Dutc)& 8o remin/ (apan o, its +ar crimes an/ un,inis)e/ responsi-ilities, t)e 'oun/ation ,or (apanese Honorary De-ts 3(@S4 organi5e/ a series o, activities /uring t)e state visit, +)ic) +ere supporte/ -y many international peace organi5ations, inclu/ing veteran an/ grassroots organi5ations ,rom (apan, Dermany, Ne+ Kealan/, an/ t)e Unite/ 9ing/om, US an/ .ana/a& Many o-servers commente/ on t)ese activities as a powerf l moving force facilitating a new milestone in the international re(ress movement against Japan& (@S also sponsore/ t)e ex)i-ition o, p)otos an/ stamps in t)e Hague& @ntitle/ =%nfinishe( Matters@ #he -ther .ace of Japan=, t)e ex)i-ition ,ocuse/ on t)e Nanjing Massacre, t)e Military Sexual Slavery, an/ t)e Unit !" unit& 8)e very ,irst o, its 1in/ in @urope& 8o ,urt)er en)ance pu-lic a+areness o, (apan2s un,inis)e/ -usiness, (@S organi5e/ protest marc)es in Amster/am an/ Hague& to coinci/e +it) t)e arrival o, @mperor A1i)ito& (oine/ -y several "$!

)un/re/ supporters, many put on t)e (@S jac1et imprinte/ =0ay 1o r *e$ts= in -ot) (apanese an/ @nglis)& (uly %, ;### Derman Parliament passe/ a -ill setting up -illions /ollar slave ,un/ ,or t)e Na5i<era slave an/ ,orce/ la-orers& 8)ey ,ormally apologi5e/ to t)e victims =,or +)at Dermans /i/ to t)em=& 8)e vote on t)e compensation ,un/ -ill +as $$%<B;, +it) ;; a-stentions& 7t is -eing ,inance/ $#<$# -y Derman in/ustry an/ t)e government& 7t +as signe/ on (uly " an/ ,ormally esta-lis)e/ t)e 5: $illions mar2s C%" H8&4 $illionD slave f n(& More than 9)5?8 German firms have ple(ge( money& "#his closes one of the last open chapters of the Nazi past)" sai( the German Chancellor) "'e are setting (own a ( ra$le mar2er of historic an( moral responsi$ility&" (uly ";, ;### Nac)i<'uji1os)i .orp& a (apanese mac)ine<toolma1er )as reac)e/ a settlement +it) ! Sout) 9oreans +)o serve/ as ,orce/ la-orers /uring WW77& settle/ a la+suit ,ile/ -y t)e Sout) 9oreans in Sept& "??;& 7t is t)e ,irst time t)at a compromise o, t)is 1in/ )as -een ma/e at t)e Supreme .ourt& 7t is t)e t)ir/ suc) settlement, ,ollo+ing a compromise -et+een (apan Steel .orp& an/ ,ormer 9orean +or1ers recruite/ /uring WW77& 9ensu1e 7mura, presi/ent o, Nac)i<'uji1os)i, sai/ in 8oyama t)at t)e company +ill pay t)e 9oreans =settlement money,= -ut )e /i/ not speci,y t)e amount& 8)e plainti,,s )a/ soug)t a total o, ;# million yen in /amages, $,;## yen in unpai/ +ages an/ a pu-lic apology& A-out %# la+suits see1ing compensation payments ,or ,orce/ la-or /uring t)e +ar are -eing )ear/ t)roug)out t)e country& Aug& "$, ;### Nine mem-ers o, (apan Prime Minister 0os)iro Mori2s .a-inet +ent into 1as 2 ni "hrine an/ -o+ /eeply -e,ore its altar to o,,er t)eir prayers& 8)e Prime Minister )imsel,, alrea/y un/er ,ire ,or comments t)at stirre/ memories o, (apanese Militarism, staye/ a+ay& Among t)ose )onore/ at t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine are t)e (apanese +ar<time prime minister, Hi/e1i 8ojo, an/ many ot)er (apanese military lea/ers convicte/ o, WW77 +ar crimes& 'or people in Asia, 1as 2 ni "hrine is a sym-ol o, (apan2s -rutal militaristic past& Sept B ;### S)intaro 7s)i)ara, t)e governor o, 8o1yo pre,ecture, t rne( a hitherto $oring ann al earthI a2e (rill into one of the largest military e,ercises most Japanese have seen since ''33& More t)en ,### uni,orme/ sol/iers participate/ in t)e streets o, central 8o1yo +it) tan1s an/ )elicopters& Many *uestione/ t)e nee/ ,or a military /rill on t)is scale& =7s)i)ara +ants to c)ange t)e .onstitution an/ turn (apan into a -ig military country again&= sai/ Atsuo Na1amura, an opposition mem-er o, Paliament& (apanese Prime Minister visite/ t)e -asement comman/ room o, (apan2s Sel, /e,ence 'orces to monitor t)e /rill& Oct "B ;### 7n room "#! o, 8o1yo /istrict court, Japan was at war with her own History& 7t +as t)e ,irst testimony o, its 1in/, ,ormer (apanese sol/ier o, notorious Unit !", 0os)io S)ino5u1a, :, tol/ t)e court )e participate/ in mass pro/uction o, c)olera, /ysentery an/ typ)oi/ germs& He also assiste/ in t)e vivisection o, .)inese civilians /uring WW77& He sai/ one o, )is reasons ,or testi,ying +as (isappointment with the government's efforts to come clean a$o t the war& "'hat 3 have (one was something that no$o(y sho l( have (one as a H man 7eing&= )e sai/& Nov& ;### 8)e ,irst case o, its 1in/ to -e trie/ in .)inese courts, Iia S)u*in is suing Asia University pro,essor Osamic)i Higas)ina1ano an/ +riter 8os)io Matsumura ,or /istorting t)e trut) a-out t)e Nan1ing Massacre& Iia is also see1ing compensation an/ pu-lic apology ,rom

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Matsumura, aut)or o, =7ig *o $ts a$o t the Nan2ing Massacre,= an/ t)e 8entens)a Pu-lis)ing House ,or printing t)e t+o -oo1s& Nov ;### Since (apan )as re,use/ to compensate 6ritis) PoW o, (apan ,or t)eir su,,ering in WW77, an/ time +as too important ,or t)e aging vets to +aste it on prolonge/ legal ,ig)ts, 6ritis) Dovernment announce/ its o+n compensation ,or PoW, V"#,### eac), at a cost to 6ritis) Dovernment o, ":# million V& .ana/ian governmnet /i/ t)e same in "??:, pai/ up on its o+n to eac) PoW .a/ N;B,###& Nov ;? ;### Major (apanese construction ,irm 9ajima .orp& agree/ to set up a US B&% million ,un/ to compensate ?:% victims o, WW77 slave la-or +or1e/ in Hanao2a mine& B": out o, ?:% .)inese /ie/ /ue to t)e -rutal con/itions& Ho+ever, at t)e same /ay 9ajima issue/ its o+n statement t)at : "& 8)e payment o, N$## million yens +as not t)e result o, a case settlement, -ut ,inancial assistance to t)e aging plainti,,s on )umanitarian groun/ in t)e spirit o, Sino<(apanese ,rien/s)ipE ;& 9ajima is not a/mitting any guilt or accepting any legal responsi-ility o, t)e /eat) or injuries o, t)e plainti,,sE !& 8)e /eat) o, many plainti,,s +ere cause/ -y illness or )ars) +artime con/itions& /ll three points a$ove were $latant lies& 8)e Dlo-al Alliance /eman/s t)at 9ajima .orporation to retract its Statement -y 'e- "; ;##" an/ continue +it) appeals to ot)er 9ajima clients an/ +orl/ communities to pressure 9ajima& A-out %# suits )ave -een ,ile/ against t)e (apanese government or (apanese companies ,or compensation ,or slave la-or /uring WW77& Dec ;### (apanese court rejecte/ a la+suit ,ile/ -y nearly :# aging 'ilipino +omen /eman/ing apology an/ US ? million in compensation ,or -eing ,orce/ to +or1 as sex slave& "ome of the women were as yo ng as 5:& =7 +ill ,ig)t till 7 /ie,= sai/ plainti,, .armecita Camel& =8)ey are all criminals, t)e (apanese government&= Aast +ee1 t)e court also rejecte/ a ,ormer 9orean sex slave2s /eman/s ,or compensation& approx& ;##,### +omen +ere ,orce/ to +or1 as sex slave -y (apan in WW77& Dec ; ;### Presi/ent .linton signe/ into U&S& Pu-lic Aa+ "#%<$% , t)e =7ntelligence Aut)ori5ation Act ,or '>0 ;##",= in +)ic) t)e t)e original " 5A:? o, =Japanese 3mperial Government *isclos re /ct of ?:::" is incl (e( as #itle V333& 3t now allows the p $lic for the first time in over 44 years to have access to hitherto classifie( %&"& (oc ments +)ic) are expecte/ to s)e/ more lig)t upon t)e extent o, t)e +ar crimes committe/ -y t)e (apanese 7mperial Dovernment /uring WW77& 6ut some researc)er remain s1eptical -ecause t)e la+2s =national security= exemptions&

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(an& ;B ;##" At t)e en/ o, WW77, retreating (apanese military /umpe/ s+arms o, unleas)e/ ,leas tainte/ +it) c)olera, typ)oi/, ant)rax, -u-onic plague an/ ot)er /iseases in .)ina2s sout)+estern K)enjian province an/ over t)e city o, Ning-o, sout) o, S)ang)ai& ; .)inese /octors sai/ in 8o1yo District .ourt& 8)e la+suit ,ile/ in "?? , a-out ":# .)inese plainti,,s are /eman/ing compensation an/ an apology ,rom t)e (apanese government& 8)e attac1s )a/ 1ille/ $#,### people in % years& =/fter 6: years) we are still fin(ing positive anti$o(ies of $ $onic plag e in rats) (ogs) cats an( other animals& ;very year a certain "$$

n m$er of healthy people (evelop typhoi(& Japan's germ warfare has left $ehin( pro$lems that still threaten o r lives,= Jiu sai/& 'ears o, anot)er out-rea1 still )aunt t)e city& A,ter /eca/es o, /enial, Japan only ac2nowle(ge( few years ago that %nit 895 e,iste( $ t has ref se( to confirm its activity& (an& ;##", 'ormer Prime Minister 0os)iro Mori pu-licly re,erre/ to t)e Sino<(apanese War as t)e =.)ina 7nci/ent=& His vie+ re,lects t)e t)in1ing o, some senior (apanese politicians& (an& ;##" 7n .ana/a, 6ritis) .olum-ia Ministry o, @/ucation )as pu-lis)e/ =H man Rights in the /sia 0acific 5A95!5AG4= +)ic) +as /evelope/ -y t)e 6&.& Ministry o, @/ucation in colla-oration +it) 6&.& teac)ers, aca/emics, organi5ations an/ in/ivi/uals& Most .ana/ian text-oo1s a-out t)e WW77 ,ocus on @urope, an/ t)is teac)ers gui/e /eals +it) Asia inclu/ing (apanese Nanjing Massacre, 6iological War,are !", .om,ort Women etc& 8)e contri-utors to t)e teac)ers gui/e inclu/e t)e 7&C& /ssociation for <earning an( 0reserving the History of ''33 in /sia C7&C& /<0H/D , t)e Dreater Gancouver (apanese .ana/ian .iti5ens2 Association )uman rig)ts committee, an/ .ana/ian veterans an/ prisoners o, +ar& 8o vie+ 8a-le o, .ontents o, t)is pu-lication Clic2 Here& 'e- : ;##" 8)e 8o1yo Hig)t .ourt re,use/ to )ear an appeal -y a group o, Hong 9ong resi/ents as1ing (apan to )onor Military 1en, issue/ -y t)e occupying (apanese military /uring WW77& 8)e (apanese 7mperial Army occupie/ H9 -et+een "?B" an/ "?B$ an/ ,orce/ resi/ents to exc)ange H9 /ollars, ,oreign currency, gol/ an/ je+elry ,or -ills insure/ -y t)e (apanese military& /nyone (iso$eye( were e,ec te(& (apan t)en use/ t)e money to -uy +ar supplies& At t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, t)e Allie/ 'orces instructe/ (apan to /eclare t)e -ills )a/ no monetary value& Many families $ecame $ro2e overnight #he $ills state( they co l( $e coverte( into yen at par val e& " H9 resi/ents ,ile/ t)e case against (apan in "??!, /eman/ing t)eir money -ac1 an/ compensation totaling 0en %: million& 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt t)re+ t)e case out in "???, saying t)e -ills )a/ lost t)eir value an/ t)e group )a/ no groun/s to claim t)e money& Since t)at /ecision, ,ive claimants )ave /ie/& ='e are not (eman(ing for war compensation) we are (eman(ing Japan to pay $ac2 their legal (e$t=, sai/ Mr& Ng& 8)ey +ill appeal to t)e 8o1yo Supreme .ourt& 'e- ;" ;##" During a meeting o, ADP supporters in A1ita Pre,ecture, former Japanese *efense Minister Hosei Norota $lame( the %" for forcing Japan into the war an( shameless sai(@ "Colonialism in /sia was roote( o t to the hilt than2s to the Greater ;ast /sia 'ar&= On 'e- ;B ;##", in t)e Hag e 'ar Crimes Co rt) the 3nternational #ri$ nal )as convicte/ t)e ! Ser- comman/ers in t)e 6osnian to+n o, 'oca in "??; an/ "??!, +)ere )un/re/s o, +omen +ere a-/ucte/ an/ sexually enslave/ -y 6osnian Ser- sol/iers& 8)ey receive/ prison terms o, ;:, ;# an/ "; years& 8)e !<ju/ge panel rule/ t)at Mass Rape is a crime against H manity) the ?n( most serio s category of international Crimes after Genoci(e& 'e- ;% ;##" Resol tion No& 8 similar to t)e t+o -ills passe/ in .ali,ornia an/ similar to HC ";% 3US .ongress4 )as -een intro/uce/ in t)e West Girginia Aegislation& 8)e resoluton is calling on t)e (apanese Dovernment to o,,er a ,ormal apology an/ compensation to +artime victims&

"$%

Mar ; ;##" 7n vie+ o, t)e gro+ing anger o, people over (apanese government2s move to aut)ori5e sc)ool text-oo1s t)at many critics sai/ /istort its +artime )istory, 9orea an/ .)ina calle/ in t)e (apanese am-assa/or to /eliver t)eir protest& 7n protest, Sout) 9orean )as ,ro5en all military exc)anges an/ cancele/ plans to ,urt)er open its mar1et to (apanese music tapes, cartoons an/ vi/eo games& Many (apanese Historians an/ History @/ucators put ,or+ar/ t)eir appeal 'e Cannot ;ntr st History ;( cation to a #e,t$oo2 #hat *istorts History & 8)ere is also t)e 3nternational "cholars' /ppeal& May "B ;##" Asian Human Cig)ts .ommission )as initiate/ an online petition "tatement of Concern a$o t Japanese History #e,t$oo2 A -oo1 pu-lis)e/ last Sept c)allenges t)e o,,icial )istory o, (apanese @mperor2s +artime role =Hirohito an( the Ma2ing of Mo(ern Japan= -y Her-ert P& 6ix, a 6oston<-orn )istorian +)o teac)es at Hitotsu-as)i University in 8o1yo& 7i, reveals new information on the (egree to which the %&"& government systematically (eceive( the whole worl(& As col/ +ar /eepen, US nee/s (apan as an anti<communist -ul+ar1 in Asia& @vi/ences s)o+ t)at senior ai/es to Den& Douglas MacArt)ur an/ (apanese court o,,icials sc)eme/ to ,ix testimony at t)e 8o1yo War .rimes 8rials so as not to implicate Hiro)ito& 7i,) sing official recor(s that will $e (iffic lt for the ;mperor's apologists to ref te, s)o+s Hiro)ito 1ne+ all t)e +ar crimes in .)ina, an/ involve/ /eeply in early strategic /ecisions as (apan2s army marc)e/ t)roug) .)ina, approve/ an alliance +it) Hitler an/ Mussolini, an/ t)e plan to attac1 0earl Har$or& 7n (apan, some politicians are no+ joining sc)olars in calling ,or a reassessment of the ;mperor's new clothes& "#he Hirohito (iaries sho l( $e ma(e p $lic)= says Diet mem-er 8aro 9ono& Apr ;$ ;##" Wit)in )ours o, -ecoming (apan2s ne+ prime minister, 9oi5umi tol/ in )is ,irst ne+s con,erence (apan2s 0eace Constit tion /rticle A s)oul/ -e amen/e/ to legitimi5e t)e use o, military ,orce& 9oi5umi )as re,use/ to reverse t)e approval o, ne+ /istorte/ )ig) sc)ool text-oo1s& )e also inten/s to pay an o,,ical visit to 1as 2 ni "hrine on Aug& "$& May ;B ;##" A,ter %# years, US slave/ PoW are still see1ing justice& 8)eir e,,orts )ave run into opposition ,rom an unexpecte/ source < U&S& State Dept& 8)e State Department )as ,ile/ papers in ,e/eral court in .ali,ornia stating t)e treaty prevents t)e courts ,rom )earing t)e la+suits& =8)e government )as -etraye/ us& 8)ey +ill pro-a-ly stall t)e la+suit until +e are all /ea/ an/ gone&= Henry .ornellisson sai/& (uly ": ;##", t)e House o, Cepresentatives vote/ !?$<!! to amen/ an appropriations -ill t)at +oul/ pro)i-it t)e /epartments o, (ustice an/ State ,rom using money to prevent ,ormer PoWs ,rom see1ing a ,air )earing against (apanese companies& A House -ill /esigne/ to )elp t)e veterans in court sponsore/ -y Cep& Mi1e Hon/a, +oul/ let ,e/eral courts ignore a 1ey section o, t)e "?$" controversial "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty t)at +aive/ all claims against (apanese nationals ,or crimes committe/ /uring t)e +ar& =7, t)e -ill passes, it +ill open up t)e "$

process an/ remove t)e roa/-loc1 t)e State Department )as put up,= sai/ Ain/a Doet5 Holmes aut)or o, a ne+ly pu-lis) -oo1 %n> st ;nrichment@ How Japan's Companies 7 ilt 0ostwar .ort nes %sing /merican 0o's & 8)ere are no+ !$ separate civil suits t)at cite as /e,en/ants some o, t)e +orl/2s largest corporations, inclu/ing Nippon Steel, Mitsu-is)i Heavy 7n/ustries an/ Mitsui Mining USA& 0ou can support t)em to pass "#he J stice for %" 0o's /ct of ?::5" CH&R& 55AED so t)at (apanese companies +ill -e ,orce/ to ta1e responsi-ility ,or t)eir cruelty an/ atrocities& May !# ;##" Derman Parliament approve/ compensation ,un/ o, US NB&$ -illion to slave la-orers, a-out N ,### eac) to people ,orce/ to +or1 in slave la-or camps, -ut less to t)ose ,orce/ to +or1 in ,actories& Half the money is to $e pai( $y more than 6)::: German companies inclu/ing Daimler.)rysler, 6ayer, 6ertelsmann, Deutsc)e 6an1, Hugo 6oss, Mannesmann an/ Allian5& 8)e ot)er )al, is -eing pai/ -y t)e government& Most recipients live in @astern @urope& Germany has alrea(y pai( more than %" H6: $illion in reparations since ''33& (un ;", ;##" 8o1yo District .ourt /ismisse/ a Sex Slave case, ruling in/ivi/uals /i/ not )ave t)e rig)t to /eman/ compensation ,rom t)e Dovernment& $ +omen ,rom S)anxi province, .)ina ,ile/ a la+suit in 8o1yo in "??$ /eman/ing an apology an/ ;# million yuan 3US % million4 in compensation ,rom (apan& One /ie/ in "??:, leaving B to pursue t)e case& 8)e +omen )a/ alrea/y ,ile/ an appeal& O, approx& ;##,### sex salves, no one 1no+s )o+ many still survive& 8)ey +ere ,orce/ to serve up to !# < B# men a /ay& Many )ave conceale/ t)eir past, consi/ering it too s)ame,ul& 7n "??:, t)e 0amaguc)i District .ourt recognise/ t)e (apan2s use o, so<calle/ com,ort +omen an/ or/ere/ t)e payment o, ?##,### yen in compensation to ? ,ormer 9orean sex slaves, -ut t)e ruling +as later overturne/& (ul ";, ;##" 8o1yo District .ourt or/ere/ (apanese government to pay ;# million yen to a ,ormer .)inese ,orce/ la-ourer& Ho+ever, t)e victim is pai/ ,or )is su,,ering as a ,ugitive, NO8 as slave la-orer& Aiu Aianren o, S)an/ong Province +as sent to a mine on (apan2s nort)ernmost islan/ o, Ho11ai/o in "?BB a,ter t)e military a-/ucte/ )im& Aiu escape/ in Apr "?B$, an/ +ent into )i/ing until 'e- "?$:& He /i/n2t 1no+ t)e +ar )a/ en/e/& Aiu ,ile/ suit in Marc) "??%& His relatives too1 it over a,ter )is /eat)& 8)e ju/ge sai/ (apan s)oul/ -e )el/ responsi-le ,or Aiu2s su,,ering as a ,ugitive NO8 as slave, +)o +as -roug)t to (apan at t)e (apanese government2s -e)est& Aa+yer 8oru 8a1a)as)i sai/ )is only regret is t)at t)e court ,ell s)ort o, or/ering t)e (apan to pay compensation ,or su-jecting Aiu to ,orce/ la-our& (apanese government )as ,ile/ an appeal& Some ""B .)inese are see1ing re/ress ,rom (apan an/ its private ,irms in : ot)er trials, +)ile ! ot)er suits are expecte/ to -e also ,ile/ -y ,ormer ,orce/ la-ourers ,rom .)ina& Aug& "! ;##" 7n protest over (apanese Prime Minister2s visit to t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine an/ +)ite+as)ing (apan2s +ar crimes in t)e ne+ text-oo1s, ;# Sout) 9orean cut o,, tips o, t)eir little ,ingers& 8)ey plan to mail t)e severe/ pieces to t)e (apanese em-assy& 8)e signs near t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine re,er to t)e 8ojo an/ ot)er +ar criminals as martyrs&

"$:

7n Seoul, 9im 0un<o1 sai/, =#he Japanese sol(iers enshrine( at 1as 2 ni "hrine are the very ones who Rape( o r gran(mothers&= More t)an :% P o, t)e ens)rine/ (apanese sol/iers +ere ,rom WW77& Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& We /i/n2t +ant to leave any trou-le -e)in/ &&&&&=, i&e& /<< Japanese ''33 sol(iers are criminals ) committe( Mass Rape crime at t)e least&

Aug& "$ ;##" Accor/ing to ,e+ survey, t)e sc)ool /istricts across (apan are no+ re,using to use t)e government approve/ /istorte/ ne+ text-oo1 t)at glosses over (apan2s +artime atrocities& =3t co l( lea( s (own a mista2en path again&= sai/ 0u1io Wani& Sept& ;##" A la+suit see1ing N" trillion in repatriations ,rom t)e (apanese government +as ,ile/ in t)e U&S& District .ourt in .)icago& 8)e suit uses /eclassi,ie/ /ocuments to argue t)at ,ormer (apanese Prime Minister S)igeru 0os)i/a tol/ t)e Dutc) government t)at t)e "?$" treaty /i/ not mean t)e Allie/ po+ers +ere ,or,eiting t)e rig)t o, t)eir citi5ens to sue (apan ,or +artime /amages& Sept "# ;##" A (e+is) )istory museum +it) !,### s*uare meters, t)e largest in +)ole @urope, ,ormally opene/ in 6erlin, Dermany& Oct& : ;##" (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi, /uring )is one /ay visit to 6eijing, issue/ )is +ar apoplgy a,ter visiting t)e Augou*iao 3 Marco 0olo 6ri/ge4, site o, )ostilities t)at le/ to a f ll scale war invasion to China in J ly 8, "?! & He also visite/ a War Museum& Ho+ever, t)e apology +as simply -ase/ on an/ /i/ not go -eyon/ t)e +or/ing use/ in a "??$ statement -y Murayama& His personal apology +as NO8 passe/ -y (apanese Diet& @ven so, 9oi5umi le,t open t)e possi-ility t)at )e may visit 1as 2 ni "hrine again next year& Oct& "? ;### (u/ge William McDonal/ o, t)e .ali,ornia Superior .ourt in Orange .ounty rule/, in t)ree slave la-or suits, t+o against Mitsu-is)i an/ one against Mitsui, t)at it is t)e courts, not t)e executive -ranc), t)at /etermine t)e meaning or applica-ility o, t)e treatyE t)at t)e court )as a rig)t to )ear t)e PoWs claims& 8)e PoWs point out t)at (apan ma/e payments to 6ritain, Hollan/, an/ S+it5erlan/ a,ter t)e treaty, money t)at +as use/ -y t)ose governments to compensate PoWs& /rticle ?6 o-liges (apan to give t)e same a/vantages to all ot)er nations i,, a,ter t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty, -etter terms are reac)e/ +it) in/ivi/ual nations& Nov& " ;##"& Over ?## people ,ile/ a la+suit against (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi ,or )is visit to t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine in August& 8)ey argue/ t)at )is o,,icial visit to t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine )a/ violate/ constitution +)ic) +as re+ritten a,ter t)e +ar to ensure t)e separation o, religion an/ politics& "$?

Nov& ;? ;##" #he entire Japanese government) not > st the military) was involve( in the (ecision to provi(e se, slaves) Japanese researchers sai( at an international con,erence in Aos Angeles on (apan2s +ar crimes& A,ter (apan inva/e/ Manc)uria, .)ina in "?! , (apanese government create/ t)e 7mperial .on,erence, compose/ o, t)e emperor, t)e military an/ t)e lea/ing .a-inet ministers& 8)is -o/y ma/e all important /ecisions inclu/ing approving t)e =com,ort +omen=, )istorian Hiro,umi Hayas)i o, 9anto<Da1uin University in 0o1o)ama sai/& Ot)er researc) presente/ in/icates t)at t)e act al n m$er of se, slaves more than the ?::)::: previo sly estimate( -y a Unite/ Nations )uman rig)ts agency& Su K)i Aiang, a )istory pro,essor ,rom S)ang)ai 8eac)ers University, note/ t)at t)e U&N& estimate /i/ not ta1e into account .)ina, -ecause .)ina came into t)e researc) picture muc) later t)an its Asian neig)-ors& 7n S)ang)ai alone, t)e (apanese military set up ?# sex stations, +it) a-out $## +omen serving sol/iers at eac) station& Nov& ;? ;##" Aos Angeles Superior .ourt ju/ge, rejecting t)e US ,e/eral government2s contention, )as again re,use/ to /ismiss a 9oreato+n resi/ent2s slave<la-or la+suit against (apanese companies& No+ a U&S& citi5en, ?<year<ol/ (ae<Won (eong +as ,orci-ly ta1en to a slave la-or camp in "?B! to -rea1 limestone -y )an/ at a *uarry ,or (apan2s Ono/a .ement Manu,acturing .o& in t)e nort)eastern tip o, t)e 9orean peninsula& J (ge <ichtman sai( he was str c2 $y the *-%7<; "#/N*/R* in %&"& government's position concerning slave<la-or t)at t)e U&S& government )as not o-jecte/ to suits see1ing compensation ,or Na5i slave<la-or victims -ut /i/ in t)e suits against t)e (apanese companies& "# Dec ;##" A /ocumentary ,ilm =Japanese *evils= a-out -rutal role o, (apan2s "B years -rutal invasion to .)ina -et+een "?!" < "?B$, )as -een a+ar/e/ +it) ,ilm pri5es in Dermany an/ Portugal& "B veterans o, t)e 7mperial Army testi,y to t)eir o+n -rutal participation& =-nce yo 've 2ille( yo r secon( or thir() yo stop thin2ing a$o t it&= 0asuji 9ane1o /escri-es )o+ )e gre+ num- to slaug)ter a,ter -ayonet /rills using live .)inese prisoners tie/ to sta1es& =3t was ltimately a$o t competition) how many yo 2ille( $ecomes a stan(ar( of achievement&" /nother interviewe( veteran (escri$es throwing $a$ies onto camp fires > st for la ghs& 'ormer (apanese sergeant major, Masayo @nomoto, says )e -ecame so inure/ to mur/er an/ so steepe/ in t)e i/ea t)at t)e .)inese +ere su-<)uman t)at he tho ght nothing of chopping p a Rape victim) coo2ing her flesh an( serving it to his h ngry troops& Director Minoru Matsui sai/ )is main reason for ma2ing the (oc mentary was to co nter Japan's ten(ency to "s garcoat" history& =8)e -iggest reason ,or ma1ing t)e ,ilm +as to preserve a recor/,= pro/ucer 9enic)i Oguri sai/& =A,ter ma1ing it, +e )el/ a previe+& "ome yo ng Japanese sai( they (i(n't even 2now Japan ha( fo ght a war with China=&

48t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an ", ;##; 7n Nanjing, a-out ;#,### .)emical Weapon metal canisters lay -urie/ atop t)e 0ello+ 6ear/ Mountain, showing for the first time that Japanese forces (eploye( 'M* Chemical 'eapon ( ring their invasion of the capital city of Japan's infamo s Nan>ing Massacre in "?! & "%#

8)e /igging ,inally +rappe/ up in Dec& ;##" on uneart)ing an/ moving t)em to a special storage site& 8)e si5e o, t)e c)emical +eapon, experts say, is enoug) to put 0ello+ 6ear/ Mountain near t)e top o, t)e list o, places aroun/ t)e +orl/& Most startling is the fact that the stoc2pile in Nan>ing represents > st a tiny fraction of the chemical weapon in China left $ehin( $y Japanese army& China is now home to the worl('s largest chemical weapons clean p campaign for 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s& =#his is something that has $een (one $efore) $ t not on that scale,= sai/ A-u 8ali-, a c)emical +eapons expert ,rom Mitrete1 Systems in 'alls .)urc), Ga& in U&S&, = Most of the chemical weapons aro n( the worl() yo 're tal2ing h n(re(s an( tho san(s !! not s ch a h ge pile&= W)et)er suc) a monumental tas1 can -e complete/ -y ;## , t)e /ea/line impose/ -y t)e international .)emical Weapons .onvention, remains to -e seen& Japan only a(mitte( in Novem$er 5AA4 that it ha( se( "lethal gases" ( ring war& 8)e +eapons )ave continue/ to injure, 1ill an/ /amaging t)e environment& ": allege/ post+ar victims are ,inally to get a )earing in a 8o1yo court in 'e- or Marc) a,ter years o, ,iling suit ,or compensation& Accor/ing to court recor/s, t)e injuries to plainti,,s +ere sustaine/ /uring t)e lea1 o, a mustar/ gas -om- in "? B, in +)ic) sailors a-oar/ a s)ip on a local river +ere poisone/E a lea1 o, -arrele/ poisonous gas in Mu/anjiang in "?:;E an/ t)e explosion o, a poison gas -om- in S)uangc)eng in "??$, an/ ,our ot)er cases& 8)e plainti,,s +ant an apology ,rom t)e (apan an/ !%# million yen in compensation& (an& " ;##; Ch Ch ng 'en is not a %&"& postal wor2er or a recipient of an anthra,! tainte( letter& He is an el(erly man living in China) one of tho san(s who s ffere( anthra, infections cause/ -y (apanese germ +ar,are& .)u an/ )is mot)er /evelope/ s+ollen lymp) no/es +)en t)e in,ection sprea/ ,rom t)e s1in to internal tissues& He contracte/ ant)rax in "?B; +)ile +or1ing as a slave la-orer ,or a (apanese<occupie/ airport locate/ in t)e village o, Nan Ki& =more t)an )al, t)e people repairing t)e airport= came /o+n +it) t)e =un1no+n /isease= .)u recalls& (apanese military /isseminate/ ant)rax germs, as part o, t)e +age/ -acteriological attac1s in t)e .)inese east<coastal provinces o, K)ejiang an/ (iangxi& No+ a restitution trial ,or (apanese -iological +ar,are is going ,or+ar/ in a 8o1yo court& 8)e plainti,,s are /eman/ing apology an/ compensation ,or t)e /eat)s o, t)eir relatives 1ille/ -y -iological +ar,are carrie/ out -y (apan2s notorious Unit !" an/ Unit "%B& 8)e t)ousan/s o, victims inclu/e/ ;,"## civilians, +)ose personal /etails )ave -een veri,ie/ in .)ina& 7n a prepare/ statement ,or t)e trial, a :<year<ol/ (apanese veteran, 0os)io S)ino5u1a, con,esse/: ='rom (uly to Novem-er "?B#, 7 participate/ in t)e pro/uction o, typ)oi/, paratyp)oi/, c)olera, plague an/ ant)rax germs= at Unit !" )ea/*uarters& "%"

'e- ;, ;##; 7t is rare t)at a ,oreign<+ritten -oo1 -ecomes so critical in explaining anot)er country2s )istory to its o+n people& 8)e =;m$racing *efeat" -y (o)n W& Do+er )ave sol/ a-out ";;,### copies in just ,e+ mont)s in (apan& 8)e extraor/inary popularity o, t)is ?## pages )istory a-out post+ar (apan raise/ a /eep *uestion < (apanese people un/erstan/ing o, t)eir o+n country2s )istory& Many Japanese say they have now n(erstoo( their co ntry's ''33 history for the first time& 'e- "# ;##; 7n (apan, at t)e 'u1uo1a District .ourt, t)e (apanese government sai/ in a statement t)at 9oi5umi =/i/ not visit t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine in )is capacity as t)e prime minister=& 8)e la+suit +as ,ile/ -y ;"" people /eman/ing "##,### yen eac) in compensation t)at t)e visit violate/ t)e constitutional& Similar la+suits )ave also -een ,ile/ in .)i-a, 8o1yo, Osa1a an/ @)ime pre,ectures& 3n 5AA5) the "en(ai High Co rt r le( that a 5AE4 1as 2 ni visit $y then Japanese 0rime Minister 1as hiro Na2asone violate( the Constit tion& Japan's two other high co rts han(e( (own similar r lings in 5AA?& Mar ;; ;##; U&S& me/ical expert Dr& Martin 'urmans1i)ave speciali5e/ in researc) into t)e -iological +ar +age/ -y t)e (apanese an/ )istorian S)el/on Harris emeritus pro,essor o, )istory at .ali,ornia State University researc)e/ t)is ,iel/ ,or ;# years, in t)eir ,ortnig)t long trip to .)ina, )ave prove/ t)at a -acterium calle/ glan/ers +as use/ -y (apanese troops /uring WW77& =Dlan/ers +as a /isease ,irst ,oun/ in )orses, an/ it coul/ attac1 )uman -eings,= sai/ 'urmans1i& Human -eings2 legs are most a,,ecte/ -y t)e /isease& =Only one out o, ;# people +it) t)e /isease coul/ survive&= Me(ical recor(s showe( that glan(ers ha( virt ally $een wipe( o t in 5A:6) $ t new cases s ((ently $ro2e o t in the 5AG:s ( ring ''33 in China&= (apanese showere( 8 'M* $iological pathogens on Nhe>iang province to retaliate t)e *oolittle #o2yo Rai(& @ven to/ay, one )ar/<)it village in K)ejiang still -ears t)e nic1name =Rotten!<eg Village= -ecause so many ol/er resi/ents are scarre/ +it) glan/ers ,rom t)e "?B; attac1s& #heir flesh are still rotten an( have not $een heale( since they were attac2e( ! they have $een s ffering physically an( mentally for almost 6: years now& Apr ;", ;##; (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi ma/e a surprise visit to t)e +ar 1as 2 ni "hrine t)at also remem-ers convicte/ +ar criminals, /ra+ing s)arp criticism ,rom .)ina an/ Sout) 9orea& Koiz mi ma(e no effort to (isg ise) "My visit was as Japan's prime minister)" he tol( reporters a,ter t)e visit& During t)e last August visit, 9oi5umi )a/ re,use/ to speci,y i, )e +as going in an o,,icial or private capacity& Apr ;%, ;##; 7n t)e ,irst suc) ruling in (apan, (apanese court or/ere/ Mitsui Mining to pay N:$,### to eac) o, "$ .)inese ,orce/ la-orer to +or1 ,or it in WW77& Almost imme/iately Mitsui Mining ,ile/ an appeal& #he company sai( Mits i Mining sho l(n't have to $ear the responsi$ility) "7asically) it's a matter of government policy&" #he Japanese government) however) has so far (enie( its responsi$ility&

"%;

May "# ;##; Culing t)at 8os)io Matsumra2s -oo1 =Dreat /ou-ts on t)e Nan1ing Massacre= +as irrational, t)e 8o1yo District .ourt or/ere/ )im an/ t)e 8o1yo pu-lis)ing )ouse, 8en/ens)a, to pay Ai Iiuying "&$ million yen in compensation& 8)e ju/ge sai/ t)ere +as no rational reason ,or claiming t)at Ai +as not one o, t)e victims o, t)e massacre +)o appeare/ on Magee2s ,ootage& 6ut t)e court rejecte/ Ai2s claim ,or an apology& Ai, no+ :!, sue/ Matsumura an/ )is pu-lis)er in "???& S)e +as ": an/ pregnant at t)e time, narro+ly survive/ a,ter su,,ering 98 swor( slashings $y Japanese sol(iers who ha( try to rape her& Ai2s separate /amages la+suit /eman/ing (apanese government compensate ,or )er injuries is still pen/ing at t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt& May ;$, ;##; 8)ere is a gro+ing movement among 6ataan veterans to ,orce (apan ,or apology an/ compensation& -f the 5?)::: %" 0o' at 7ataan) only G)::: were alive $y the en( of war& Marc)ing ,or /ays in terri-le )eat, -eaten an/ /eprive/ o, ,oo/ an/ +ater, estimate/ ,### to "#,### o, t)e :,### US an/ 'ilipinos PoW /ie/& 8)ey +ere t)en transporte/ to (apan in = Hell "hips= an/ else+)ere as slave la-orers& Wit) little protection ,rom t)e (anuary col/, PoWs ,ro5en to /eat)& =We +ere t)ro+ing American -o/ies over-oar/ at t)e rate o, !#, t)en B#, t)en $# a /ay all t)e +ay to (apan,= Mel Cosen sai/, =#he *eath March was a " n(ay stroll compare( to the 9 Hell "hips&= Only ;## to !## o, t)e ",%## prisoners loa/e/ on t)e "st s)ip ma/e it to (apan& W)en Cosen arrive/ in (apan, )is +eig)t )a/ /roppe/ ,rom "$$ to :: l-s& Mel Cosen, no+ :! a retire/ colonel living in 'alls .)urc), Ga&, is t)e lea/ plainti,, in a N" trillion class<action la+suit against (apan ,ile/ in Sept ;##" in ,e/eral court in .)icago& = #he Japanese are waiting for s to (ie off)" he sai() "3 have $een waiting 6: years for an apology from Japan=& =8)e TUS State DepartmentU ,oug)t toot) an/ nail to )elp t)e people +)o su,,ere/ at t)e )an/s o, t)e Na5is,= Cosen sai/, =7n our case VResol tion H&R& 55AEW, it +oul/ )elp us i, t)ey just s)ut up& 3n fact) they're fighting tooth an( nail for the Japanese&= (uly ?, ;##; Hiros)ima District .ourt rejecte/ $ .)inese +)o +ere ta1en to (apan as slave la-orers /uring WW77 )ave no rig)t to /eman/ing ; &$ million yen in compensation& (u/ge 9iyomasa 0amaga1i ac1no+le/ge/ t)at t)e Nis)imatsu .onstruction .o& +as responsi-le, -ut rejecte/ t)eir /eman/, arguing t)at more t)an ;# years )ave passe/& =8)e court )as recogni5e/ our su,,erings an/ yet +e still lost& W)ere is t)e justice in t)is ruling F= sai/ Au Iue+en& 7t is in star1 contrast to t)e 'u1uo1a District .ourt /ecision )an/e/ /o+n in April, +)en Mitsui Mining .o& +as or/ere/ to pay "%$ million yen in compensation to "$ .)inese ,or ,orce/ la-or& Aug "$, ;##; On $ t) anniversary o, surren/er, $ (apanese ca-inet ministers an/ 8o1yo2s governor ma/e t)eir visit to t)e controversial +ar 1as 2 ni "hrine +)ic) secretly ens)rine/ ",#%: War .riminals inclu/ing "B .lass<A War .riminals in "? :& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state& (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi ma/e )is o,,icial tri-ute to 1as 2 ni "hrine Aug "!, ;##" an/ Apr ;", ;##; /re+ s)arp criticism ,rom -ot) .)ina an/ Sout) 9orea&

"%!

Aug ; , ;##; Dermany an/ .ana/a )as signe/ an agreement t)at Dermany +ill pay pensions starting next year to Derman<spea1ing .ana/ian (e+s +)o +ere living in @astern @urope /uring WW77& Germany has pai( similar pensions to Jews an( non!Jews living in 3srael an( the %" since 5AA4& Aug ; , ;##; /fter ?8 co rt hearings since 5AAE) an( with former %nit 895 Japanese sol(iers incl (ing 1oshio "hinoz 2a) came forwar( as witnesses) Japanese co rt ha( no choice an( finally recognize( for the .3R"# #3M; that Japan ha( con( cte( 7iological 'arfare in China ( ring ''33& even t)oug) (apanese Supreme .ourt )as con,irme/ t)e existence o, =Unit !"= t)at /evelope/ -acteriological +eapons& 6ut t)e court rejecte/ t)e /eman/ ,or apology an/ compensation o, "# million yen 3N:!,B!#4 eac) -y ":# .)inese victims& 9o)1en 8suc)iya, la+yer sai/, =7t2s still a loss ,or t)e plainti,,s so +e +oul/ li1e to appeal&= Contrarily) the Japanese government still ref se( to recognize that its army ever wage( 7iological 'arfare ( e to lac2 of evi(ence& 8)is partial victory came B /ays -e,ore Dr& S)el/on H& Harris, @meritus Pro,essor o, History at .ali,ornia State University, passe/ a+ay in peace& Dr& Harris +as aut)or o, t)e groun/-rea1ing -oo1 ".actories of *eath@ Japanese 7iological 'arfare 5A9?!G4 an( the /merican Cover! p", that helpe( to foc s international attention to (efeat the repeate( (enials) $latant lies an( contin ing cover! p $y $oth Japanese an( %&"& governments& Sept %, ;##; .overe/ )ea/ to toe, (apanese an/ .)inese specialists in c)emical +eapons /isposal +ere /igging in a +oo/e/ area in Heilongjiang& 7t is t)e latest e,,ort to ,in/ an/ remove WMD .)emical Weapons inclu/ing mustar/ gas an/ le+isite < a ,lui/ t)at emits poisonous vapours& ;stimate( 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s were left $ehin( in .)ina -y (apan2s 7mperial Army& 8)e experts s)o+e/ reporters ,our $ mm artillery s)ells loa/e/ +it) mustar/ gas t)at +ere uneart)e/ in April& Aa+yers ,or .)inese plainti,,s are suing (apanese government -ecause t)e lea2ing Chemical 'eapons have alrea(y ca se( some ?)::: (eaths since t)e en/ o, +ar& 8)e /igging +ill continue until Oct& ", ;##;& Dec& ;#, ;##; More t)an %## (apanese nationals orp)ane/ an/ le,t in .)ina at t)e en/ o, WW77 ,ile/ a suit 'ri/ay, /eman/ing t)e government pay /amages o, !! million yen per person ,or t)eir su,,ering -ot) in .)ina an/ in (apan& =We +ant t)e government to ac1no+le/ge t)at +e +ere orp)ane/ -ecause o, t)e +ar (apan +age/=& Hun/re/s more o, t)e orp)ans plan to join t)e /amages suit&

4Et) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an& "B, ;##! (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi visite/ again t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine provo1ing protests ,rom neig)-ors victimi5e/ -y (apanese aggression& 1as 2 ni "hrine secretly ensrine/ ",#%: War .riminals inclu/ing "B .lass<A War .riminals in "? :& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state& 7t is "%B

consi/ere/ a sym-ol o, (apanese +artime military imperialism& 8)is +as )is !r/ time since )e -ecame prime minister& (an ;;, ;##! 'e/eral Appeals .ourt, San 'rancisco, stri1es /o+n "??? la+ enacte/ -y .ali,ornia Aegislature allo+ing slave la-orers o, (apanese an/ Derman corporations in WW77 to sue ,or +ages an/ injuriesE ,in/s la+ is impermissi-le intrusion on ,e/eral government2s exclusive po+er to ma1e an/ resolve +arE also /ismisses claims -y slave la-orers on ot)er t)eories, saying statute o, limitations -ars t)em an/ may not sue ,or +ages an/ injuries& Mar& "", ;##! 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt rejecte/ t)e la+suit ,ile/ -y B; .)inese slave la-ourer /uring WW77, see1ing /amages an/ unpai/ +ages, a total :B# million yen ,rom t)e (apanese government an/ "# (apanese companies 3Ha5ama .orp&, Nis)imatsu .onstruction .o&, 8e11en .orp&, Nittetsu Mining .o&, (apan @nergy .orp&, 'uru1a+a .o&, U-e 7n/ustries At/&, Do+a Mining .o&, 8o-is)ima .orp& an/ Mitsu-is)i Materials .orp&4 8)e (u/ge sai/ t)e plainti,,s lost t)eir rig)t +)en ;# years )a/ passe/ since t)e illegal act& Ho+ever, t)e ju/ge also rejecte/ t)e legal argument t)at t)e state -ore no responsi-ility ,or t)e actions o, civil servants t)at occurre/ -e,ore enactment o, t)e State Ce/ress Aa+& Mar& ;:, ;##! (apanese Supreme .ourt rejecte/ an appeal ,rom a group o, Sout) 9orean +omen see1ing compensation an/ apology ,rom (apan ,or t)eir ,orce/ Sex Slavery /uring WW77& 7t also rule/ to/ay t)at (apan /oes not )ave to pay N" million to t)e :# year ol/ 9orean com,ort +oman Song S)in</o& (apanese government insists t)at t)e compensation issue +as settle/ on a government<to<government -asis in post+ar treaties& 8)e stance )as /ra+n criticism at )ome an/ a-roa/ t)at it remains unrepentant ,or its +ar crimes& Mar ;:, ;##! 6rea1ing ,rom over !# years o, strict non<military use o, t)e )ig) s1y, (apan launc)e/ its ,irst pair o, reconnaissance satellites to/ay& .ritics say t)e launc) violates a "?%? resolution t)at pro)i-its military use o, space -y (apan& Apr "#, ;##! 7n t)e $?t) Deneral Assem-ly o, t)e U&N&, -ot) Sout) an/ Nort) 9orea urge/ (apan to ta1e measures in accor/ance +it) t)e recommen/ations ma/e -y U&N& Special Capporteurs to apologi5e an/ pay compensation to 9orean +omen ,orce/ into Sex Slavery ,or (apanese sol/iers /uring WW77& 7n t)e "??% report, t)e rapporteurs /enounce/ t)e (apanese government ,or ,ailing to ta1e legal responsi-ility ,or t)e com,ort +omen an/ ,alling ,ar s)ort o, punis)ing t)ose responsi-le ,or t)e =in)umane crimes=& Apr ;!, ;##! (apan2s Air Sel, De,ense 'orce 3ASD'4 is )ol/ing aerial re,ueling exercises +it) t)e U&S& Air 'orce ,rom April ;" to May ;, t)e ,irst suc) exercises ,or t)e ASD' << ever& U&S& is actively encouraging (apan to move a+ay ,rom its constitutional restrictions an/ rearm itsel,& Apr& ;:, ;##! 7n unprece/ente/ /enial, t)e ,amily mem-ers o, t)e t+o (apanese lieutenants, Mu1ai 8os)ia1i an/ No/a 8a1es)i +)o +ere +ell 1no+n ,or t)eir Killing Contest to -e)ea/ "## .)inese +it) t)eir s+or/ in "?! , launc)e/ a li-el suit against t)e Mainic)i& 8)ey are see1ing a total "; million yen in /amages, claiming t)at t)at t)e /e,en/ants ,aile/ to retract t)e stories alt)oug) it )as -een =prove/= t)at t)e allege/ massacre /i/ not ta1e place& Also sue/ ,or li-el +ere t)e Asa)i S)im-un t)at printe/ a ,ollo+ up story in "? ", ,ormer Asa)i +riter 9atsuic)i Hon/a +)o reporte/ t)e story an/ +as one o, aut)ors o, a -oo1 c)allenging revisionists vie+ t)at /enies t)e Cape o, Nan1ing, an/ a 8o1yo pu-lis)ing )ouse t)at pu-lis)e/ )is -oo1& "%$

May "$, ;##! 8o1yo District .ourt /ismisse/ a la+suit ,ile/ -y $ .)inese +)o /eman/e/ (apan to pay :# million yen in /amages ,or t)eir )ealt) pro-lems cause/ -y Japanese a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons& 8)ey mista1enly spilt )a5ar/ous li*ui/s on t)eir -o/ies an/ in)ale/ poisonous gas +)ile examining c)emical +eapons t)ey ,oun/& 8)ey are still su,,ering ,rom t)e a,ter<e,,ects, suc) as paralysis o, an arm, -reat)ing /i,,iculties an/ a /ecline in t)eir eyesig)t& 8)e ju/ge rule/ t)at (apan goverment -ro1e no la+ +)en it ,aile/ to recover t)e +eapons& (apan a-an/one/ 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s in .)ina& (une ";, ;##! !# Sout) 9oreans ,orce/ into la-or in Si-eria /uring WW77 -y (apan sue/ t)e (apanese government ,or t)eir unpai/ +ages, /eman/ing an average o, "# million yen per person in /amage& 8)ey -ase t)eir la+suit on international custom an/ t)e Deneva .onvention ,or t)e Protection o, War Gictims& 8)ey launc)e/ t)e suit along +it) a group o, "!! Sout) 9oreans +)o separately sue/ (apan /eman/ing t)at t)e remains o, t)eir relatives +)o /ie/ in t)e +ar a,ter -eing conscripte/ -y t)e (apanese military -e returne/ an/ t)at t)eir ens)rinement at t)e controversial 1as 2 ni "hrine in 8o1yo -e rescin/e/& (uly ;% ;##! 8)e (apanese Diet passe/ legislation allo+ing t)e government to procee/ +it) plans to /ispatc) up to ",### troops to -olster t)e US<le/ occupation o, 7ra*& 8)e /eployment +ill -e t)e "st time (apanese sol/iers )ave -een statione/ in a com-at 5one since t)e en/ o, WW77 an/ t)e "st time +it)out a UN man/ate& 8)e la+ is /esigne/ to circumvent t)e (apan2s "0eace Constit tion /rticle A" t)at pro)i-its t)e use o, military ,orce except in sel,</e,ence& Aug "!, ;##! A scrap metal collector in Nort)eastern .)ina, Ji*i)ar )a/ mista1enly uncovere/ $ /rums ,ille/ +it) mustar/ gas a$an(one( chemical weapons -y t)e (apanese Army in WW77, )arme/ more t)an B# people& One man )a/ c)emical -urns over ?$P o, )is -o/y an/ later /ie/& Ot)ers )a/ su,,ere/ ,rom vomiting to severe -urns& (apan )as apologi5e/ to .)ina ,or t)e inci/ent, -ut o,,er NO compensation& #his is the .3R"# official ac2nowle(gement $y the Japanese Government that the 3mperial Japanese /rmy ( ring ''33 se( Chemical 'eapon Cm star( gasD& #he ne,t step sho l( $e the official ac2nowle(gement of the se of the 'M* 7iological 'eapon $y the infamo s %nit 895& Approx& 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Chemical 7om$s most o, t)em loa/e/ +it) mustar/ gas an/ many o, t)em corro/e/ an/ lea1ing, are still scattere/ in .)ina& More t)an ;,### .)inese )a/ alrea/y -een injure/ -y t)ese a$an(one( (ea(ly 'M* Chemical 'eapons an/ /amaging t)e environment& (apan )as ac1no+le/ge/ leaving -e)in/ c)emical +eapons in .)ina, )as -een loo1ing ,or an/ /isposing o, suc) armaments accor/ing to t)e "?? .)emical Weapons .onvention& Many /ou-t suc) a monumental tas1 can -e complete/ -y ;## -ecause (apan )as -een inactive in t)e c)emicals cleanup /espite its promise& Sept& ";, ;##! Saito Dun, )ea/ o, t)e (apanese investigation team a/mitte/ t)at anot)er $; mustar/ gas -om-s ,oun/ in Daoc)eng, a city east o, S)ijia5)uang in "??" an/ store/ in t)e mountainous area aroun/ Au Juan, +ere in/ee/ le,t -y (apan& 8)e $; mustar/ gas -om-s +ill -e /ug up an/ seale/ ,or ,uture /estruction& 7n re,erence to t)e compensation claims o, t)e ;# victims injure/, Saito re,use/ to comment& De Duang-iao, .)inese /irector o, t)e o,,ice /ealing +it) t)e pro-lems sai/: =8)e (apanese Dovernment s)oul/ provi/e overall statistics on its a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons in .)ina to t)e .)inese Dovernment, inclu/ing t)e location, num-ers an/ categories o, t)e +eapons&= "%%

Sept& ;?, ;##! 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt a+ar/e/ "?# million yen 3US "&$ million4 to "! .)inese +)o sue/ t)e (apanese government over t)e a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapon causing .)inese 1ille/ an/ injure/ in "? B an/ "?:;, an/ a s)ell explosion in "??$& 7t rule/ against a ruling t)e same court issue/ ,or a separate case in May& (u/ge 0os)i)iro 9atayama sai/ t)e (apanese government )a/ neglecte/ its responsi-ility to supply in,ormation to .)ina over t)e +)erea-outs o, t)e +eapons, +)ic) 1ille/ an/ +oun/e/ .)inese& 8)is is t)e first time a Japanese co rt has accepte( a (amages claim relate( to a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons overseas& 8)e court rule/ t)at =*istri$ ting an( a$an(oning poison gas weapons an( similar actions) which are illegal n(er international law) cannot $e accepte( as > stifia$le& Not allowing the right Cto claim (amagesD > st $eca se ?: years have passe( goes against the principles of > stice an( fairness&= Ho+ever, t)e (apanese government )as re,use/ to accept t)e ver/ict an/ appeale/ to t)e )ig)er court& Oct& ;#, ;##! 8o t)e WMD mustar/ gas victims 3one 1ille/ an/ B; injure/4 in Aug& inci/ent in Ji*i)ar, Japanese government (eci(e( to offer 9:: million yen) $ t N-# as compensation& 6ut /espite t)e in/ucement, t)e ,amily o, t)e person 1ille/ -y t)e mustar/ gas is pressing on +it) plans to sue t)e (apanese Dovernment& Dec& :, ;##! (apan )as retrieve/ a total o, !%,### .)emical Weapons inclu/ing -om-s, poisonous ,ume pipes an/ iron -arrels containing c)emical preparations an/ put un/er temporary sa,e1eeping& A unname/ Japanese official sai( in an interview with -riental - tloo2 magazine, Un/er t)e UN .)emical Weapons .onvention, (apan )as until ;## to /estroy 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: o, t)em& 6ut experts say it +ill ta1e muc) longer to sa,ely /ispose o, so many WMD .)emical 6om-s& Dec& ? ;##! =Dispatc)ing t)e Sel, De,ence 'orces to 7ra* violates our constitution, +)ic) ,or-i/s t)e use o, military ,orces,= Peace-oat /irector 8atsuya 0os)io1a sai/& Protesters )el/ placar/s /enouncing 9oi5umi an/ )is allies as M+ar criminalsO& (apan2s post!war constit tion -ans t)e use o, (apanese ,orce as a means o, settling international /isputes& Dec "#, ;##! Drie, over,lo+e/ an/ anger erupte/ as age/ (apanese survivors con,ronte/ t)e ;nola Gay, t)e US +arplane +)ic) unleas)e/ t)e +orl/2s "st atom -om- on Hiros)ima in "?B$& 8)e ;nola Gay +as put on /isplay ,or t)e "st time in t)e Smit)sonian2s National Air an/ Space Museum, +)ic) also inclu/es a just retire/ 'renc) .oncor/e an/ space s)uttle prototype& Ho+ever, t)e vigil stirre/ anger among some visitors to t)e museum& =Cemem-er 0earl Har$or= =W)at a-out t)e Nanjing massacre F= several men s)oute/, as several scu,,les -ro1e out& Dec ;%, ;##! (apanese Supreme .ourt turne/ /o+n a ?;# million yen /amages suit ,ile/ -y 'ilipino +omen ,orce/ into Sex Slavery ,or t)e (apanese military /uring WW77& 8)e suit )as -een ,ile/ -y :" people, inclu/ing ,ormer =com,ort +omen= ,rom t)e P)ilippine an/ relatives o, t)ose +)o )ave /ie/& Supporters sai/ it +as t)e (apanese government t)at lost t)e court -attle, -ecause (apan +as /eprive/ o, an opportunity to ma1e amen/s ,or its +artime +rong/oing&

4At) 1ear of "o

l "earching

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(an& ", ;##B On Ne+ 0ear2s Day, (apanese Prime Minister (unic)iro 9oi5umi visite( war shrine the Gth time, t)e controversial 1as 2 ni "hrine which secretly enshrine( 5):6E 'ar Criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals in 5A8E, triggering instant con/emnation ,rom .)ina an/ Sout) 9orea& 6e,ore 9oi5umi, only serving post+ar prime minister, 0asu)iro Na1asonein "?:$ an/ Cyutaro Has)imoto in "??%, )a/ visite/ t)e s)rine& 8)e torrent o, protest +as enoug) to persua/e )im not to ma1e anot)er& 9oi5umi /e,ie/ logic, insisting that neigh$oring co ntries wo l( not $e offen(e( $y his n!constit tonal shrine visits& (an "$, ;##B Japan is sen(ing troops to com$at zone .3R"# #3M; since ''33& %## groun/ troops an/ B## air ,orce an/ naval personnel are /ue to -e /eploye/ in 7ra* -y Marc)& Pu-lic are oppose/ to t)e plan arguing t)at t)e mission violates t)e Japanese 0eace Constit tion +)ic) pro)i-its o,,ensive capa-ility& 'e-& "#, ;##B 8)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rejecte/ an appeal -y +omen ,rom 8ai+an ,or an o,,icial apology ,rom (apanese government an/ a total o, # million yen in /amages ,or -eing ,orce/ to -ecome Sex Slave /uring WW77& 8)e plainti,,s sai/ t)ey +ill appeal to t)e Supreme .ourt an/ are consi/ering ta1ing t)e case to t)e international tri-unal& Mar& "$, ;##B #here co l( $e over 8::)::: or even 5):::)::: lives lost to Japan's 7iological 'arfare programme sai/ Daniel 6aren-latt, aut)or o, ne+ -oo1 "/ 0lag e %pon H manity@ #he "ecret Genoci(e of /,is Japan's Germ 'arfare -peration", in a recent intervie+& 6aren-latt sai/ t)e plague -acteria release/ t)en still lingers on in some animal populations to/ay& =3t is still there&&&& ro(ents still test positive for anti$o(ies to the $ $onic plag e &&&&& 'hat the %" (i( in ma2ing the (eal with top (octors is nconsciona$le& As ,ar as +e 1no+, no one in t)e US government raise/ any more o-jection to it&= Mar ;!, ;##B 8)e Sapporo District .ourt rejecte/ an :%# million yen /amages suit against t)e (apanese government an/ % companies ,ile/ -y B! .)inese +)o +ere ,orce/ to +or1 at coal mines an/ construction sites in Ho11ai/o /uring WW77& 7n a similar la+suit in ;##;, t)e 'u1uo1a District .ourt rule/ ,or t)e .irst time that the Japanese government an( a mining company $oth committe( a crime in sing slave la$or& 6ut t)e court or/ere/ only t)e company to pay compensation an/ exclu/e/ t)e state, agreeing +it) t)e government2s argument t)at it cannot -e )el/ responsi-le& Mar& ;%, ;##B 7n (apanese Niigata District .ourt, Presi/ing (u/ge Noriyos)i 9atano ac1no+le/ge/ t)at t)e .)inese +ere ,orce/ to per,orm )ar/ la-or un/er poor +or1ing con/itions ,or Niigata<-ase/ )ar-or transport company Cin1o .orp& 3previously 1no+n as Niigata 9oun4 an/ or/ere/ t)e state an/ a (apanese company to pay :: million yen in compensation, mar1ing .irst time for a Japanese co rt to or(er $oth Japanese government an( a firm to pay (amages for slave la$or crimes& 8)e ju/ge /ismisse/ t)e /e,en/ants2 arguments t)at t)e statute o, limitations ,or t)e crimes )a/ passe/& Apr , ;##B Hiroyu1i Hoso/a o, a group o, ;"" activists ,ile/ a la+suit alleging t)at 9oi5umi2s visits to t)e s)rine violate/ t)e constitution& 'u1uo1a District Co rt r le( that Koiz mi's visit in his official capacity as prime minister to t)e 1as 2 ni "hinto shrine in/ee/ violate( constit tion o, separation o, c)urc) an/ state& 6ut t)e court rejecte/ t)eir claims ,or compensation,

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7n 'e-& t)e Osa1a District .ourt re,use/ to rule on t)e constitutionality o, t)e visit, saying t)e plainti,,s )a/ not su,,ere/ emotional turmoil as claime/& 'our ot)er cases are ma1ing t)eir +ay t)roug) (apanese courts& May ; , ;##B A group o, ;"? (apanese citi5ens ,ile/ a la+suit claiming (apan2s /ispatc) o, troops to 7ra* violate/ (apan2s paci,ist constitution& One o, t)e plainti,,s is No$ ta2a 'atana$e who was one of 4 Japanese ta2en hostage $y the militants in 3raI& 'our similar la+suits )ave -een ,ile/ -y ot)er groups across (apan& (une "B ;##B U&S& Supreme .ourt )as or/ere/ t)e la+suit against (apan ,ile/ -y "$ 1i/nappe/ an/ enslave/ ,ormer =.om,ort Women= +)en t)ey +ere only "# < ;% years ol/ ,rom .)ina 3People2s Cepu-lic o, .)ina4, 8ai+an 3Cepu-lic o, .)ina4, Nort) an/ Sout) 9orea an/ t)e P)ilippine, to -e reconsi/ere/ -y t)e Appellate .ourt in t)e District o, .olum-ia i, Holocaust survivors an/ )eirs can sue t)e 'renc) national railroa/ ,or transporting (e+s an/ ot)ers to Na5i concentration camps /uring WW77& 7t is an encouraging ne+s to t)e plainti,,s& (apan )as argue/ t)at it is entitle/ to immunity ,rom suit in U&S& courts concerning its pre<"?$; acts& (uly ? ;##B Hiros)ima Hig) .ourt overturne/ a lo+er court /ecision in (uly ;##;, +)ic) rule/ t)at too muc) time )a/ passe/ to a+ar/ compensation& Nis)imatsu .onstruction must pay ; &$m yen 3N;$$,###4 in /amages to $ .)inese 3; o, +)om )ave since /ie/4 +or1e/ as slave la-or in a po+er plant construction site o+ne/ -y Nis)imatsu& Presi/ing ju/ge Satos)i Su5u1i rule/ Nis)imatsu2s argument t)at t)e statute o, limitations )a/ expire/ =seriously goes against justice=& (apanese Dovernment )as ac1no+le/ge/ t)at many people su,,ere/ as a result o, ,orce/ la-our, -ut insists t)at most reparations +ere settle/ -y treaties& (ul ;B, ;##B =#he a$an(one( weapons iss e is little 2nown in Japan,= sai/ (apanese ,reelance /irector 8omo1o 9ana, +)o recently complete/ a /oucmentary ,ilm .rom the <an( of 7itter #ears&=#he way Chinese people feel a$o t this iss e is very similar to how Japanese feel a$o t North Korea's a$( ctions of Japanese,= s)e sai/& Min Aiu +)ose ,at)er +as 1ille/ in "??$ -y (apanese a-an/one/ artillery s)ell, +as )oping o, -ecoming a sc)ool teac)er, -ut instea/ s)e )as since -een +or1ing at )er relative2s ca,eteria to pay o,, )er ,at)er2s me/ical -ills& 8)e ,ilm capture/ t)e emotional Aiu an/ ! ot)er victims ,rom separate inci/ents )as -een on, inclu/ing t)e scene o, Aiu giving a tear,ul )ug to )er mot)er +)ile the mother $ rst into tears) confessing that she p lle( the pl g on her in> re( h s$an( $eca se family co l( not pay the me(ical $ills an/ t)us too1 )im out o, t)e )ospital& He /ie/ t)e ,ollo+ing /ay& 8o1yo District .ourt a+ar/e/ t)e "! plainti,,s a com-ine/ "?# million yen in /amages, -ut (apanese government ,ile/ an appeal& 8)e case is no+ pen/ing -e,ore t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt& (ul ;!, ;##B #wo Chinese chil(ren playing near a river in * nh a) Jilin 0rovince) in> re( $y m star( gas lea2e( from the Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon /iscar/e/ -y t)e (apan in WW77& (apanese em-assy statement says it +as =*uite regretta-le= an/ expresse/ sympat)y ,or t)e victims& /t least ?)::: Chinese have so far $ecome victims of the (iscar(e( 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons since the war en(e(& Aug ;, ;##B 'i,teen years )ave passe/ since H man 7ones that Ha nt a Nation ! Japanese war atrocities, /ug up at a construction site in S)inju1u War/, 8o1yo, lin1e/ to t)e in,amous Unit !", an/ t)ey remain a mystery t)at (apanese aut)orities still appear reluctant to resolve& "%?

8)e citi5ens2 group speculate t)at Unit !"2s victims2 corpses +ere sent to t)e me/ical sc)ool ,or researc) purposes, an/ no+ as1 (apanese government to use DNA an/ superimposing tec)nology to veri,y t)eir origins& 9anaga+a University pro,essor 9eiic)i 8suneis)i sai/ (apan2s ,ailure to a//ress t)e issue over t)e past "$ years s)o+s )o+ t)e people /isregar/ Unit !"2s atrocities& 8)e group is also /eman/ing t)at t)e ministry an/ S)inju1u War/ excavate anot)er site near 8oyama Par1 +)ere it suspects, -ase/ on testimony o, some surviving o,,icials, t)at more remains mig)t -e -urie/& (apanese aut)orities )ave re,use/ to comply& Aug !, ;##B Payment +ort) USN B#" million +ill -e pai/ to some "!#,%:" Na5i<era (e+is) slave la-orers in %; countries& 8)e payments come ,rom t)e German .o n(ation "Remem$rance) Responsi$ility) an( the . t re") a %"H 6 7illion (ollar "lave . n( esta-lis)e/ in ;###& Hal, o, t)e *M 5: 7illion .o n(ation's . n(ing is provi/e/ -y t)e Derman government an/ )al, -y t)e Derman in/ustries an/ -usinesses& 8)e ,irst /is-ursement to (e+s, totaling N #! million, +as trans,ere/ to recipients -et+een (une ;##" an/ (uly ;##B& Payments to non<(e+is) slave la-orers +ere largely covere/ -y )umanitarian organi5ations& 7n a//ition to reparations ,rom t)e Derman ,un/, t)e .laims .on,erence also /is-urse/ a special payment to slave la-orers out o, 5&?4 7illion "wiss 7an2s "ettlement signe/ in "??? -y t)e S+iss -an1s& 8)e -an1s agree/ to compensate slave la-orers, ,ollo+ing evi/ence t)at /uring WW77 t)ey ra1e/ in pro,its on /eals an/ ,inancial services ,or Derman ,actories t)at use/ slave la-orers& =7 pay tri-ute to all t)ose +)o +ere su-jecte/ to slave an/ ,orce/ la-or un/er Derman rule, an/ in t)e name o, t)e German people $eg forgiveness=, sai/ (o)annes Cau, Derman presi/ent in ;###, ='e will not forget their s ffering&= Aug ? ;##B "! ,ormer .)inese slave la-orers 3% relatives o, la-orers +)o )ave /ie/4 ,orce/ to +or1 in t)e Ma1imine copper mines in Miya5a1i Pre,ecture /uring WW77, ,ile/ a /amages la+suit against t)e (apanese government an/ Mitsu-is)i Materials .orp&, see1ing ":B million yen ,or compensation, an/ /eman/ an o,,icial apology& Aug ";, ;##B %&"& "ecretary of "tate Colin 0owell an( his (ep ty Richar( /rmitage) have $oth reiterate( %&"& s pport for Japan's eager I est for permanent %N "ec rity Co ncil mem$ership an( rge( Japan to revise war reno ncing /rticle A of its Constit tion i, it +ants to -ecome a permanent U&N& Security .ouncil mem-er& Aug ";, ;##B Derman 7nterior Minister Otto Sc)ily joine/ a commemoration o, t)e %#t) anniversary o, a Na5i massacre site in 8uscan village, in Sant2Anna /i Sta55ema, 7taly, calling it a =place o, s)ame= ,or Dermany& 7n August "?BB, Na5i SS sol/iers +ere ostensi-ly )unting ,or partisans, -ut instea/ t)ey roun/e/ up an/ 1ille/ approx& $%# villagers Also in ;##;, Presi/ent (o)annes Cau -ecame t)e ,irst Derman lea/er to visit anot)er "?BB Na5i massacre site o, ## people 1ille/, at Mar5a-otto in t)e )ills sout) o, 6ologna, +)ere )e expresse/ sorro+ an/ s)ame& Aug "B, ;##B Germany has offere( its first formal apology for the colonial!era massacre of Herero tri$e -y Derman troops in Nami-ia 5:: years ago& Herero c)ie, 9uaima Cirua1o sai/ t)e apology +as appreciate/ -ut a//e/: =We still )ave t)e rig)t to ta1e t)e Derman government to court&= " #

Some ;## et)nic Herero ,ile/ a la+suit in t)e US court o, t)e /istrict o, .olum-ia in Sept& ;##" /eman/ing N; -illion ,rom t)e Derman government an/ N; -illion in /amages ,rom several Derman companies inclu/ing Deutsc)e 6an1, mining company 8erex .orporation, ,ormerly Orenstein<9oppel .o&, an/ t)e s)ipping company Deutsc)e A,ri1a Ainie, ,ormerly Woermann Ainie, all o, +)ic) allege/ly pro,itte/& A-out $$,### Herero /ie/ a,ter Derman o,,icers issue/ an extermination or/er in "?#B to crus) an uprising against Derman colonial rule& 8)e US /istrict court o, .olum-ia +as c)osen to )ear t)e case as it )as a ;"$<year<ol/ la+ on its -oo1s, t)e Alien 8ort .laims Act o, " :?, t)at allo+s ,or suc) civil action ,rom ,oreign countries& Aug "$, ;##B 8)ree (apanese ministers, joine/ -y $: mem-ers o, parliament, pai/ )omage to t)e country2s +ar /ea/ in t)e 1as 2 ni "hrine , +)ic) cele-rates (apan2s military past an/ spar1e/ anger ,rom neig)-ouring countries& 6ut (unic)iro 9oi5umi )a/ visite( the shrine G times since )e -ecame t)e (apanese prime minister& Mr& 9oi5umi +)o )a/ vo+e/ to visit t)e s)rine every year, avoi/e/ t)e s)rine t)is time o-viously -ecause t)e illegality of his visits r le( $y the Japanese co rt in /pril& Aug ;", ;##B (apan plans to -uil/ a ;&: -illion /ig<up ,acility an/ t+o incinerators in Haer-aling in nort) .)ina2s (ilin province to clean<up its a-an/one/ WMD .)emical Weapons& .)ina +orries a-out t)e c)emicals t)at +ill -e release/ in t)e air /uring t)e /isposal process& (apan may -e /i,,icult to meet t)e ;## /ea/line /eman/e/ -y t)e international -rganization for the 0rohi$ition of Chemical 'eapons C-0C'D to /ispose all its 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons& /t least ?)::: Chinese have so far $ecome victims of the (iscar(e( Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons since the war en(e(& Aug ;%, ;##B / Japanese history te,t$oo2 omitting Japanese wartime atrocities was approve( $y #o2yo's school $oar( ,or use in a pu-lic secon/ary sc)ool in t)e 8o1yo& .)ina an/ 9orea say it /istorts )istory an/ omits (apanese +artime atrocities, e&g& WMD 6iological War,are in .)ina an/ t)e use o, )un/re/s o, t)ousan/s o, military Sex Slaves& Sept "$, ;##B Despite a statement -y U&S& Secretary o, State .olin Po+ell t)at WMD +eapons are unli1ely to -e ,oun/ in 7ra*& Ho+ever, Japan ref se( to a(mit that there are no 'M* in the war!ravage( 3raI& @ven 6rit)is) PrimeMinister 8ony 7lair a(mitte( that 'M* which is vital to the case for the 3raI war) was wrong& Also, US De,ense Secretary Donal/ R msfel( sai( that he hasn't seen "any strong) har( evi(ence" to lin2 "a((am H ssein an( the al!Kae(a terrorists +)o stage/ t)e ?>"" attac1s& /fter ? years intensive search with 5)?:: e,perts) %&"& finally I it the 'M* search& Un,ortunately, t)e WMD +as t)e main reason ,or US to =pre<emptive= inva/e 7ra*& ;n( to search for 'M* seals (o $ts a$o t pre!emption& Sept& ": ;##B 7nstea/ o, re,lecting on o+n +ar crimes, t)e "#<mem-er (apanese a/visory panel to Prime Minister (unic)iro 9oi5umi +ill recommen/ t)at .)ina -e treate/ as a military t)reat& (apan +ill also /iscuss t)e possi-ility o, permitting US an/ (apanese military ,lig)ts to an islan/ )al,+ay -et+een O1ina+a an/ 8ai+an, an/ -uil/ a port t)ere&

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Sept& ;" ;##B (apan, Dermany, 7n/ia an/ 6ra5il tol/ UN in joint -i/ see1ing ,or a permanent seats on t)e UN Security .ouncil& (apan sai/ it )as -een t)e secon/ largest contri-utor to t)e UN an/ is involve/ in peace1eeping operations& 7n ,act, %&N& mem$ers' contri$ tions are in line with assessments $ase( on their relative "Capacity #o 0ay" +it) a ceiling set at ;;P < t)e rate at +)ic) t)e US is assesse/& Next come Japan C5A&G8D) Germany CE&66D) 7ritain C6&5?D) .rance C6&:9D) China C?&:49D an( R ssia C5&5DP& =8)e U&N& is not a -oar/ o, /irectors an/ you cannot /eci/e its composition accor/ing to t)e ,inancial contri-ution=, .)inese spo1esman sai/, =We +ant to see a responsi-le attitu/e ,rom t)e (apanese inclu/ing a clear un/erstan/ing o, )istorical issues&= Sept& ;B ;##B 7n a steel+or1s site locate/ in Ningan county, Mu/anjiang .)ina, a team o, Japanese an( Chinese e,perts nearthe( more t)an ;,### 6om-s& EA of the ?)::: $om$s were confirme( as 'M* Chemical 7om$s a$an(one( $y Japan& .)ina says (apan ma/e t)e WMD +eapons in Hiros)ima& /t least ?)::: Chinese have so far $ecome victims of Japanese (iscar(e( 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons since the war en(e(& Sept& ;% ;##B 8)e .)inese say t)ere are G $arriers on Japan's way to %&N& "0ermanent "eat" @ "& ;& !& B& Peace .onstitution Honestly ,ace up to its o+n History At t)e US2 -i//ing an/ losing in/epen/ence UN competition an/ complicate/ proce/ure

Korea also I estions Japan's "ec rity Co ncil $i(& Sept ;?, ;##B Settlement reac)e/ in Osa1a Hig) .ourt t)at 8o1yo<-ase/ Nippon 0a1in 9ogyo .o& )as to pay ;" million yen to a group o, Chinese a$( cte( to Japan ( ring ''33 to wor2 as slave la$orers an/ t)eir surviving ,amily mem-ers& Ho+ever, t)e company re,use/ to o,,er an apology& 8)e plainti,,s +ill continue t)eir suit against t)e (apanese government, +)ic) )as claime/ t)e statute o, limitations ,or compensation )as expire/& 8)e 9yoto District .ourt rule/ in last year t)at t)e (apanese government an/ Nippon 0a1in 9ogyo )a/ acte/ illegally in a-/ucting t)e plainti,,s an/ use/ t)em as slave la-orers& 6ut t)e court rejecte/ t)e plainti,,s2 /eman/ ,or compensation& Oct ", ;##B A Japanese (efense ministry panel has rge( that the military $e given the capa$ility to la nch "0re!;mptive "tri2es") shoot (own Japan's pacifism, a move t)at +oul/ /eviate ,rom (apan2s long<)el/ /e,ense<only policy& =A Pre<@mptive Stri1e +oul/ go -eyon/ +)at current government policy an/ /rticle A of the Constit tion allo+s,= sai/ 8a1e)i1o 0amamoto, political science pro,essor at 8o1yo2s Wase/a University& /rticle A reno nces the right to go to war an( for$i(s a military, alt)oug) it is interprete/ as permitting ,orces ,or only sel,</e,ense& Oct !, ;##B Accor/ing to a researc) report, Japan secretly st (ie( the possi$ility of Japan going n clear& 8)e report, /ate/ (uly !#, "?:", is title/ =-n n clear eI ipment= an/ +as part o, a researc) project on =8)e ,uture o, (apan2s /e,ense policy&= " ;

7t +as t)e ; Atomic 6om-s, =<ittle 7oy= an/ =.at Man=, )a/ ,inally stoppe/ (apan2s in< )uman War .rimes& 'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago& 'or nearly % /eca/es, )istorians )ave -een una-le to solve one o, t)e mysteries o, Japan's ''33 'M* /tomic 7om$ 0ro>ect : Ho+ close +ere (apanese scientists to -uil/ing t)e Atomic 6om- F A long<lost +artime ;! pages /ocument o, 7mperial army papers returne/ to (apan in April ;##;, ,inally o,,er some insig)t into Japan's 'M* /tomic 7om$ 0ro>ect < An Unreali5e/ Nuclear Armage//on in .)ina& Oct , ;##B Despite a statement -y U&S& Secretary o, State .olin Po+ell t)at WMD +eapons are unli1ely to -e ,oun/ in 7ra*& Japan ref se( to a(mit that there are no 'M* in the war!ravage( 3raI& @ven 6rit)is) Prime Minister 8ony 7lair a(mitte( that 'M* which is vital to the case for the 3raI war) was wrong& Also, US De,ense Secretary Donal/ R msfel( sai( that he hasn't seen "any strong) har( evi(ence" to lin2 "a((am H ssein an( the al!Kae(a terrorists +)o stage/ t)e ?>"" attac1s& A ne+ .7A report -y US arms inspector o, 7ra* Survey Droup in ",### pages concl (e( %&"& "/lmost /ll 'rong" on 3raI's 'M* 'eapons& 8)e report ,orce/ 7 sh to recast his rationale for 3raI war& 8)is time, Japan sai( the %&N& resol tions > stify the 'ar&"& /fter ? years intensive search with 5)?:: e,perts) %&"& finally I it the 'M* search& Un,ortunately, t)e WMD +as t)e main reason ,or US to =pre<emptive= inva/e 7ra*& ;n( to search for 'M* seals (o $ts a$o t pre!emption& Apr ", ;##$ "*ea( 'rong" on 3raI 'M* cripple( %" cre(i$ility A ne+ presi/ential commission reporte/ =We conclu/e t)at t)e intelligence community +as /ea/ +rong in almost all o, its pre+ar ju/gments a-out 7ra*2s WMD=& 7t is pro-a-ly t)e -iggest -lun/er in t)e )istory o, US& Apr ;$, ;##$ C3/ final report@ No 'M* in 3raI =A,ter more t)an ": mont)s, t)e WMD investigation an/ /e-rie,ing o, t)e WMD<relate/ /etainees )as -een ex)auste/= Mr Duel,er, )ea/ o, t)e 7ra* Survey Droup 37SD4, +rote in t)e ?;<page a//en/um& Oct "%, ;##B 8o1yo District .ourt rejecte/ t)e la+suit o, compensation ;# million yen eac) over t)e (apan2s re,usal to give unpai/ +ages to 9orean la-orers ,orce/ to +or1 an/ /ie/ at (apan 7ron H Steel .o& 3Nippon Steel .orp&4 9amais)i plant in 7+ate Pre,ecture in (apan /uring WW77& 8)e ,amilies )a/ /iscovere/ t)roug) company /ocuments t)at a total o, a-out ?,$## yen unpai/ +ages to t)e /ecease/ an/ )a/ -een place/ in trust& (u/ge rule/ t)at /omestic la+s -ase/ on a "?%$ agreement -et+een (apan an/ Sout) 9orea )a/ terminate/ t)e property rig)ts o, 9orean nationals& 7n a separate "??$ la+suit, ,amilies are also see1ing /amages ,rom (apan an/ Nippon Steel& 8)e steel giant agree/ to an out<o,<court settlement an/ pai/ roug)ly ;# million yen as

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=con/olence= money& 7n ;##!, t)e .ourt rejecte/ t)eir /eman/ ,or compensation ,rom (apan government, an/ t)ey are appealing& Oct "?, ;##B (apanese politicians inclu/ing 8sutomu 8a1e-e, ne+ly appointe/ secretary general o, t)e ruling ADP, an/ ,ormer prime minister 8sutomu Hata o, t)e opposition Democratic Party o, (apan an/ ot)ers, altoget)er 8A Japanese politicians ma(e a pilgrimage to the controversial 1as 2 ni "hrine & 'or people in Asia, 1as 2 ni "hrine is a sym-ol o, (apan2s -rutal militaristic past& Oct ;?, ;##B Since "???, t)e playing o, t)e 7mperial (apanese notorious militaristic ant)em 9imigayo 3His Majesty2s Ceign4 an/ t)e ,lying o, t)e notorious militaristic Hinomaru 3Cising Sun4 ,lag, )ave -een comp lsory at Japanese school ceremonies, -ut many teac)ers re,use to toe t)e line an/ ,ile/ a la+suit ta1ing t)e 8o1yo e/ucation -oar/ to court& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, +)o teac)es civics at a )ig) sc)ool in 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, sai/: = 3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi swasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it& 7, teac)ers /on2t ,ig)t it, +)o +ill F=& Aast year ?G9 teachers were p nishe( for not hono ring the notorio s Militaristic flag an( 68 repriman(e( ,or not or/ering stu/ents to sing t)e notorious ant)em& Japanese ;mperor opposes comp lsory flag) anthem in schools Nov ;, ;##B =3 $ rie( poison gas weapons& 3 receive( the emergency or(er from o r comman(er,= t)e :!<year<ol/ ,ormer (apanese sol/ier tol/ t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt& 8)e testimony coul/ overturn t)e government2s contention t)at t)e (apan +as not involve/ in t)e /umping o, WMD .)emical Weapons in .)ina& 'ive .)inese +)o -ecame ill a,ter /igging up groun/ +)ere c)emicals )a/ allege/ly -een -urie/, are see1ing /amages o, N $#,###& 8)e 8o1yo District .ourt )a/ /ismisse/ t)e la+suit in May last year, prompting t)e plainti,,s to appeal to t)e )ig) court& Nov "#, ;##B 7ris .)ang, aut)or o, = Rape of Nan2ing ! #he .orgotten Holoca st=, a yo ng a thor) historian) an( H man Rights a(vocates (ies at age !%& 8)e ne+s re!min(s Japanese nspea2a$le atrocities @ =An estimate/ ?:)::: ! E:)::: Chinese women were rape(& Many sol(iers went $eyon( rape to (isem$owel women) slice off their $reasts) nail them alive to walls& .athers were force( to rape their (a ghters an( sons their mothers as other family mem$ers watche( &&&&&&&&&&= Nan>ing Massacre claims another life& "a( news st nne( the " rvivors of Rape of Nan>ing& Gran((a ghter of " rvivors of the Nan>ing Massacre New 3nterest in Japan's 'ar /trocities) $ t 'hy Now + Dec B, ;##B Japanese me(ia still (eny Nan2ing Massacre =No serious sc)olar )as /enie/ t)e gist o, 8)e Cape o, Nan1ing << t)at it +as one o, t)e most -rutal +ar crimes in )istory&= Nov "", ;##B A popular Japanese comic wo l( self!censor after nationalist anger a$o t its portrayal of Japanese $r tality ( ring the Rape of Nan2ing& 0oung (ump, )alte/ pu-lication o, its long<running story, =#he Co ntry 7 rns=, in Septem-er a,ter -eing inun/ate/ -y p)one calls an/ e<mails o-jecting to t)e latest episo/e& 8)e maga5ine ran an apology ,or illustrations s)o+ing (apanese sol/iers -ayoneting )elpless captives, assaulting +omen an/ -e)ea/ing civilians in ,ormer .)inese capital Nanjing& 8)e pu-lis)er also sai/ it " B

+oul/ /elete "# pages an/ amen/ anot)er "" +)en t)e story is release/ in -oo1 ,orm& #here is no prece(ent for s ch self!censorship in Japanese comics, +)ic) o,ten )ave grap)ic +ar scenes& Nov ;?, ;##B A,ter more t)an a /eca/e legal process, Japanese " preme Co rt ref se( compensation to 94 2i(nappe( so th 2orean "laves an( "e, "laves& (apanese government )as re,use/ to pay any compensation saying suc) claims +ere settle/ t)roug) post+ar peace treaties& 7n Marc) ;##", t)e /istrict court sai/ too muc) time )a/ passe/ ,or t)e re/ress& 7t also rule/ t)at international la+s -anning Sex Slavery /on2t re*uire restitution& 8)e suit +as originally -roug)t in Dec& "??" -y ! sout) 9orean Sex Slaves, t)e ,irst suc) victims to s)e/ lig)t on t)eir plig)t a,ter staying silent ,or /eca/es out o, s)ame& Nov !#, ;##B Japan's top co rt (enie( compensation to a$( cte( "lave fatalities of an e,plosion on Japanese ship ,errying 9orean Slaves )ome a,ter WW77& 7t +as a s)arp reversal to t)e survivors +)o ,ile/ t)eir case in "??; an/ +on in a lo+er court in ;##"& 8)e 9oreans +ere angere/ t)at 8o1yo annually pays compensation to relatives o, t)e ;$ (apanese cre+men 1ille/ on t)e s)ip, -ut o,,ers no compensation to t)e )un/re/s a-/ucte/ Slaves an/ Sex Slave victims an/ t)eir 1in& Nov !#, ;##B Japanese ;( cation Minister Naria2i Na2ayama slams te,t$oo2s as 'self! tort ring' over Japan's war atrocities& Dec ", ;##B Women2s organisations ,rom Asia, @urope an/ Nort) America agree/ to act toget)er ,rom next year, t)e %#t) anniversary o, WW77 to ma/e /$( cte( "e, "laves 7y Japan #o 7ecome Glo$al 3ss e 3n ?::4& =We2ll launc) a million<signature campaign +orl/+i/e to /eman/ an apology an/ compensation ,rom t)e (apanese government,= sai/ Su/a 9aori, a (apanese mem-er o, t)e 9orea .ouncil ,or t)e Women Dra,te/ ,or Military Sex Slavery -y (apan& Dec !, ;##B Japanese "'ar -rphans" s e( Japanese government an/ /eman/ !! million yen compensation ,or eac) o, t)em ,or -eing le,t in .)ina ,or suc) a long time an/ receiving little or no (apanese language e/ucation or jo- searc) support a,ter t)ey came to (apan& Similar suits )ave -een ,ile/ at "; /istrict courts across (apan, inclu/ing in 8o1yo, 9yoto an/ 9agos)ima& Dec %, ;##B .ormer a$( cte( "e, "laves from "o th Korea) #aiwan an( the 0hilippine gathere( in #o2yo) Kyoto) . 2 o2a etc in mass rallies across "# cities in (apan to /eman/ a ,ormal apology an/ compensation& Dec ?, ;##B Nan2ing Massacre s rvivor <i Pi ying (ies at E6& S)e +as ": an/ pregnant, +as attac1e/ an/ slashe( 98 times with swor(s $y Japanese trie/ to rape )er& S)e lost )er un-orn -a-y -ut survive/ a,ter treatment -y an American /octor, Co-ert Wilson& 7n "???, Ai sue/ rig)t<+ing (apanese aut)ors +)o claime/ s)e )a/ ,a1e/ )er accounts an/ +on& 8)e Japanese " preme Co rt awar(e( her 5&4 million yen against aut)or 8os)io Matsumura an/ 8en/ens)a, t)e pu-lis)er t)at t)e -oo1 =/ 7ig *o $t /$o t the Rape of Nan2ing= )a/ /amage/ Ai2s reputation& Dec ";, ;##B A /ay a,ter t)e pro<U&S& government vote/ to 1eep (apanese =Sel,<De,ense 'orce= in +ar o, 7ra* ,or anot)er year, Japan too2 another step away from its post!war pacifism on $y en(ing its (eca(es!ol( $an on military e,ports& " $

Dec ";, ;##B 7n a +ritten statement, (uanita .ru5, a native of the Mariana 3slan(s witnesse( Japanese atrocities in G am& Givi/ly tol/ o, )o+ s)e at :, +as una-le to )elp )er mot)er +)ile s)e +as repeate/ly rape/ -y (apanese sol/iers, an/ )o+ s)e at "#, +atc)e/ )er $ years ol/ young -rot)er /ie as a (apanese sol/ier cut )is tongue o,,& All aroun/ )er, people +ere -eing -eaten, -e)ea/e/ or gunne/ /o+n +it) mac)ine guns, s)e sai/ at a ,orum in 8o1yo& Dec "$, ;##B .o r former a$( cte( Chinese "e, "laves lost appeal in 8o1yo Hig) .ourt& Dec ;#, ;##B S)iro 8a1a)as)i, e(itor of history te,t$oo2 which whitewashes Japan's war crime atrocities has $een appointe( to the local school $oar(&

6:t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an B, ;##$ 'ilmma1er 8&'& Mou 3sometimes re,erre/ to as 8&'& Mous4 is pro-a-ly -est 1no+n as t)e /irector o, t)e Man 7ehin( the " n Calso calle( 7lac2 " n 895D& He ,ollo+e/ up +it) anot)er travelogue o, (apanese +ar atrocities ,ilm: 7lac2 " n@ #he Nan2ing Massacre& (an ";, ;##$ Japan top politician press re( NHK to alter television program on a moc2 trial on a$( cte( "e, "laves -e,ore it +as aire/& 8)e trial rule/ late @mperor Hiro)ito an/ ot)ers =guilty=, -ut t)is part +as /elete/& 7n (uly ;##" t)e citi5ens group t)at sponsore/ t)e moc1 trial sue/ NH9 an/ t)e t+o companies t)at ma/e t)e program& 8)e court or/ere/ t)e ,irm t)at ma/e t)e program to pay t)e citi5ens group " million yen in compensation, -ut -ot) rejecte/ t)e ruling an/ ,ile/ appeals in t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt& Japanese minister "hoichi Na2agawa an( former Chief Ca$inet "ecretary "hinzo /$e $oth (enie( press ring NHK to e(it a$( cte( "e, "lave program& (an "! ;##$ #he first real!name military recor( of a s rviving a$( cte( "e, "lave has $een (iscovere(& 7t is an important piece o, evi/ence in re,uting (apanese /enials& (an "B, ;##$ Harry) son of 7ritain's 0rince Charles an( 9r( in line to the throne) (rew a storm of worl( wi(e protest $y wearing cost me with a Nazi "wasti2a arm$an( to a $irth(ay party& Prince )as or/ere/ )is son to visit Ausc)+it5 concentration camp& Harry sai/ )e +as sorry, =7t +as a poor c)oice o, costume an/ 7 apologi5e=& Derman government )as ma/e /isplaying t)e S+asti1a an/ ot)er Na5i sym-ols illegal in Dermany& Germany wo l( have trie( 0rince Harry for Nazi pran2& No+, German politicians have calle( for Nazi sym$ols to $e $anne( thro gho t ; rope& 'or comparison : Since "???, t)e playing o, t)e 7mperial (apanese notorious militaristic ant)em 9imigayo 3His Majesty2s Ceign4 an/ t)e ,lying o, t)e notorious militaristic Hinomaru 3Cising Sun4 ,lag, )ave -een comp lsory at Japanese school ceremonies, -ut many teac)ers re,use to toe t)e line an/ ,ile/ a la+suit ta1ing t)e 8o1yo e/ucation -oar/ to court& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, +)o teac)es civics at a )ig) sc)ool in 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, sai/: = 3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi "wasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it& 7, teac)ers /on2t ,ig)t it, +)o " %

+ill F =& Aast year ?G9 teachers were p nishe( for not hono ring the notorio s Militaristic flag an( 68 repriman(e( ,or not or/ering stu/ents to sing t)e notorious ant)em& 1o cannot force them to sing it in Japan) or to listen in <on(on& #eacher Kats hisa . >ita who rge( parents atten(ing a gra( ation ceremony to remain seate( /uring (apanese national ant)em +as ,ine/ N",:##& 8)oug) 'ujita +as ejecte/, a-out A: F of the st (ents remaine( seate( ( ring the song, sc)ool o,,icials sai/& 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ;nglish title( "Kiss Me" as an all sion to the Japanese "e, "lavery& 7t ta1es t)e sylla-les o, eac) +or/ o, t)e (apanese an/ turns t)em into p)onetically similar @nglis) +or/s to support t)e protest o, people +)o are ,orce/ to sing as =a small pillar of opposition in people's hearts=& 7n ironically speec)less vivi/ contrast, %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#& 7n Sept ;##% Japanese (istrict co rt r le( that a #o2yo metropolitan government or(er compelling teachers to stan( p for Japan's notorio s national flag Hinomar CRising " nD an( sing the notorio s national anthem Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD violate( the Constit tion& (an "?, ;##$ 7n a rare ruling, (apanese Hiros)ima Hig) Co rt or(ere( Japanese government to pay compensation to G: 2i(nappe( Korean "laves , "&; million yen 3N"", B#4 eac)& 8ens o, t)ousan/s o, 1i/nappe/ 9oreans an/ .)inese +ere -roug)t to (apan to +or1 in ,actories an/ mines as ,orce/ Slaves to 1eep (apan2s +ar mac)ine going& Do5ens o, compensation suits )ave -een ,ile/, -ut almost all )ave -een rejecte/ -y (apanese courts& (apan )as insiste/ t)at compensation issues +ere settle/ -y /iplomatic ties in "?%$& (an ;#, ;##$ 'ee2ly 0rotest Rally in front of Japanese ;m$assy -y ,ormer a-/ucte/ 9orean Sex Slaves in Seoul& 8)e latest one +as t)eir %B" rally& (an ;", ;##$ %N General /ssem$ly hel( a special session mar2ing 6:th anniversary of li$eration of Holoca st Nazi (eath camps for .irst #ime& 9o,i Annan sai/, =7t is essential ,or all o, us to remem$er) reflect on) an( learn from what happene( 6: years ago&&&&&&=& =3 e,press my shame over those who were m r(ere(, an/ -e,ore t)ose o, you +)o )ave survive/ t)e )ell o, t)e concentration camps,= sai/ Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& (an ;B, ;##$ Japan to en( private /'. for "e, "laves& Most victims strongly oppose/ t)e =Asian Women 'un/= -ecause t)e private ,un/ covers up (apan2s +ar crimes an/ re,use/ it saying, ='e want no charity) $ t (ignity=&

"

Cesearc) )as s)o+n t)at t)e previous estimate/ ;##,### -y U&N& /i/ not ta1e into account o, .)ina, -ecause .)ina came into t)e researc) picture muc) later t)an its Asian neig)-ors& 7n S)ang)ai alone, t)e (apanese military set up ?# sex stations, eac) )a/ a-out $## +omen& #he act al n m$er of "e, "laves sho l( $e more than ?::):::& -nly 5:F live( thro gh the or(eal an( > st a$o t 4:: are $elieve( alive to(ay& 8)ey +ere ,orce/ to serve up to B# men a /ay& No one 2nows the tr e fig re& Many have conceale( their past) consi(ering it too shamef l& (an ; , ;##$ Derman .)ancellor pai/ tri-ute at t)e entrance to Ausc)+it5 an/ promise/ t)at Germany will f lfill its "Moral -$ligation" to 2eep alive the memory of Nazi's crimes& (an ;:, ;##$ Japanese co rt ref se( to awar( (amages over 0M's shrine visits to relatives of -2inawa people 2ille( in 7attle of -2inawa +)o sai/ t)ey su,,ere/ /istress ,rom 9oi5umi2s visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine & More t)an "B#,### O1ina+an men, +omen an/ c)il/ren, a-out ">! o, t)e population o, islan/ +ere 1ille/, inclu/ing many ,orce/ to commit Mass " ici(e -y (apanese sol/iers& Many -2inawans see themselves as m ch victims of Japan as o, t)e U&S& 'u1uo1a /istrict co rt r le( that Koiz mi shrine visits violate( Constit tion& 'e- $, ;##$ Proposals ,or t)e U&N& -y @ast Asian NG-s say /rticle A has containe( militarism in Japan an( is 2ey to maintaining peace in the region& 'e- ;#, ;##$ China!Japan tension grows -ecause o, competition ,or resources an/ ol/ resentments, especially t)e latest con,lict o, 4 ninha$ite( isles) 2nown $y Chinese as *iaoy tai an( Japanese as "en2a2 3slan(s near a continental s)el, containing natural gas& 'e- ;!, ;##$ China's ol(est a$( cte( "e, "lave (ie( at age ?B& Only a-out %# ,ormer a-/ucte/ Sex Slaves are 1no+n o, in .)inaE most )ave never come ,or+ar/ -ecause o, s)ame& 6ut in "hanghai alone) Japanese set p at least E9 $rothels& 'e- ;$, ;##$ Japanese co rt re>ecte( laws it $y a$( cte( "&Korean "laves +or1e/ at a Mitsu-is)i Heavy 7n/ustries At/& munitions ,actory& 'e- ;$, ;##$ "&Korea rges Japan to $e 'can(i( a$o t the past' 'e- ;%, ;##$ Japan) 0hilippine secretly agree( on postwar compensation in 5A44 to a total amount o, N:## million& 'e- ;%, ;##$ -nly 8 of A el(erly a$( cte( "e, "laves live( long eno gh to hear Japanese " preme Co rt (eny their claims& Mar ", ;##$ "&Korean rges Japan to compensate for past& S&9orea sai/ i, (apan is angere/ -y Nort) 9orea2s 1i/napping o, its citi5ens, it s)oul/ also provi/e compensation ,or t)ousan/s o, 1i/nappe/ 9oreans +)o +ere ,orce/ into Slavery an/ Sex Slaves& 7n (an& S&9orea /eclassi,ie/ /ocuments revealing t)at S&9orea2s past military government agree/ to accept a USN:## million economic pac1age as reparations ,rom (apan +)en esta-lis)e/ ties in "?%$& 8)e revelation triggere( an proar& Critics acc se( Japan of " :

a$ sing "&Korea's poverty to settle the iss e in its favor& 8)ey also c)arge/ t)at t)eir o+n government soug)t *uic1 economic ai/ in exc)ange ,or national pri/e& .alls are gro+ing ,or nulli,ying t)e normali5ation pact an/ re<negotiate terms o, compensation& Mar B, ;##$ 'amily mem-ers o, (apanese, S&9oreans an/ 8ai+an .)inese +ar /ea/ /eman/e/ (unic)iro 9oi5umi stop visiting 1as 2 ni "hrine & A-out 5: mem$ers also s $mitte( a letter to 1as 2 ni "hrine reI esting that it stop enshrining their relatives& Accor/ing to t)e pu-lis)e/ ,igures in Oct ;##", there were ?E)E69 #aiwanese an( ?5)5E5 Koreans enshrine( at 0asu1uni S)rine witho t their families' permission& Most o, t)em +ere ,orce/ into +ar service un/er (apan2s colonial rule& Mar , ;##$ Honora-le (u/ge 0os) 0amana1a spea1s against (apan to )ave a permanent seat on t)e U&N& Security .ouncil in t)e 3nternational 0etition to %&N& Campaign -y joine/ organi5ations in (apan, 9orea, .)ina, P)ilippine, US an/ Net)erlan/s to collect ",###,### signatures to U&N& to reject (apan& Mar "", ;##$ Germany passe( a $ill to restrict rallies $y neo!Nazis& 8)e -ill +ill also allo+ courts to impose sentences o, as muc) as 9 years in prison or a fine on anyone fo n( g ilty of approving) glorifying or > stifying the Nazi regime in pu-lic& Mar "", ;##$ "e, "laves (eman( compensation an( apology from Japan thro gh %&N& Women2s groups in "# countries +illl launc) a petition /rive& MWe +ant to collect one million signatures in 8ai+an, .)ina, (apan, Nort) an/ Sout) 9orea, Malaysia, 7n/onesia, t)e P)ilippine, t)e Net)erlan/s an/ @ast 8imor,O Aai .ai<er, spo1es+oman ,or t)e 8aipei Women2s Cescue 'oun/ation, =We /o t)is -ecause t)e Japanese government is waiting for the s rviving "e, "laves to (ie&= Age/ E:!year!ol( Chinese "e, "lave went to Japan to serve as witness in a #o2yo co rt& Mar "", ;##$ ?::4 revise( e(ition of Japanese History te,t$oo2 (istorts even more t)an t)e ?::5 ;(ition: /enies (apanese ,orce/ 9oreans to a/opt (apanese names /uring t)e colonial perio/E excises all mention o, Sex Slaves, portraying (apan as more victim t)an aggressorE claims (apan )a/ =no c)oice= -ut to occupy t)e 9oreaE ?::4 New Japanese History te,t$oo2 I estions Nan>ing Massacre an( says China provo2e( war : /o+nplaying =?5 H miliating *eman(s=& Alt)oug) still su,,ering as a Western colonial victim, ( ring '&'&3) China sent A6)::: la$orers to help allies an( wor2e( in the trenches& ?)::: ha( (ie( there& At en/ o, W&W&7 at t)e peace con,erence in Paris, .)ina re*ueste/: /o a+ay +it) t)e privileges o, imperialist ,oreign countries in .)ina, cancel t)e (apanese =?5 H miliating *eman(s=, ta1e -ac1 t)e privileges in S)an/ong t)at (apan )a/ ta1en ,rom Dermany& Ho+ever, not +illing to give up t)eir ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina, t)e U&S&, 6ritain an/ 'rance rejecte/ .)ina2s /eman/s& 7nstea/, /rticle 546 of #reaty of Versailles transferre( German concessions in "han(ong) China to Japan rather than ret rning sovereign a thority to China& .)ina re,use/ to sign t)e #reaty of Versailles, compoun/e/ +it) t)e (apanese ?5 H miliating *eman(s le/ /irectly to t)e ,irst mass movement in mo/ern .)inese )istory, i&e& t)e ,amous .irst Chinese st (ent movement @ May Gth Movement in "?"? an/ triggere/ a nation+i/e 7oycott of Japanese Goo(s& 8)e movement also ignite/ a +ave o, " ?

searc)ing e,,orts -y t)e intellectuals ,or a solution to save .)ina ,rom ,oreign colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& Some a/vocate/ gra/ual cultural re,orm, +)ile ot)ers intro/uce/ Marxism an/ le/ to t)e -irt) o, t)e Chinese Comm nist 0arty& Mar "%, ;##$ German foreign minister calls Jer salem's new Holoca st memorial a place of "(eep shame" for every German -ecause =t)e name o, my country, Dermany, is an/ +ill ,orever -e insepara-ly lin1e/ to t)e S)oa), t)e ultimate crime against Humanity&= Mar "?, ;##$ Japanese high co rt re>ects Chinese "e, "lave s it for apology an( compensation& #hey were ta2en at age 59 an( 54& (u/ge sai/ t)eir rig)t =)as -een /isclaime/ an/ expiate/ +it) t)e signing o, t)e 8reaty o, Peace 6et+een (apan an/ .)ina= an/ t)e statute o, limitations un/er t)e .ivil .o/e, +)ic) gives claimants ;# years ,rom t)e inci/ent to ,ile ,or /amages, )a/ elapse/& Mar ;B, ;##$ "&Korea is rea(y for "*iplomatic 'ar" with Japan, Presi/ent Co) sai/, as tensions ,lare/ over a territorial ro+ an/ a (apanese 8ext-oo1 critics say +)ite+as)es (apan2s Militarism& =#hese actions are not > st n(erta2en $y a single local government or some tho ghtless e,treme nationalists) $ t they are (one n(er the a$etting of the Japanese lea(ership an( the central government,= Co) calls ,or an apology over colonial rule& "&Korean protestors $ rne( Japanese flags) c t their little fingers an( one man torche( himself o tsi(e Japanese em$assy an/ 'ire( citizens wage "'ar" Mar ; , ;##$ (apanese notorious Militaristic national ant)em an/ ,lag, only ga5ette/ as national sym-ols in "???, remain as sym-ols o, (apan2s 7mperialistic past& Many teac)ers re,use/ to ,ollo+& Aast year ?G9 teachers were p nishe( for not hono ring the notorio s Militaristic flag an( 68 others repriman(e( ,or not or/ering stu/ents to sing t)e notorious Militaristic ant)em& 1o cannot force them to sing it in Japan) or to listen in <on(on& #eacher Kats hisa . >ita who rge( parents atten(ing a gra( ation ceremony to remain seate( /uring (apanese national ant)em +as ,ine/ N",:##& 8)oug) 'ujita +as ejecte/, a-out A: F of the st (ents remaine( seate( ( ring the song, sc)ool o,,icials sai/& 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ;nglish title( "Kiss Me" as an all sion to the Japanese "e, "lavery& 7t ta1es t)e sylla-les o, eac) +or/ o, t)e (apanese an/ turns t)em into p)onetically similar @nglis) +or/s to support t)e protest o, people +)o are ,orce/ to sing as =a small pillar of opposition in people's hearts=& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, +)o teac)es civics at a )ig) sc)ool in 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, sai/: =3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi "wasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it& 7, teac)ers /on2t ,ig)t it, +)o +ill F =& 7n Sept ;##% Japanese (istrict co rt r le( that a #o2yo metropolitan government or(er compelling teachers to stan( p for Japan's notorio s national flag Hinomar CRising " nD an( sing the notorio s national anthem Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD violate( the Constit tion&

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7n vivi/ contrast, Derman government )as ma/e /isplaying t)e S+asti1a an/ ot)er Na5i sym-ols illegal in Dermany& Germany wo l( have trie( 0rince Harry for Nazi pran2& No+, German politicians have calle( for Nazi sym$ols to $e $anne( thro gho t ; rope& Mar !#, ;##$ / gro p of Chinese an( "&Koreans s e over Japan te,t$oo2 t)at +)ite+as)es (apan2s +ar crimes& Mar !", ;##$ #o2yo High Co rt re>ecte( compensation to a$( cte( Chinese "e, "laves& Mar !", ;##$ 4? Japanese teachers p nishe( for ref sing to sing "Kimigayo" notorio s Militaristic national anthem& Aast year ?G9 teachers were p nishe( for not hono ring the notorio s Militaristic flag an( 68 others repriman(e( ,or not or/ering stu/ents to sing t)e notorious ant)em& Apr ", ;##$ ?? Millions signe( the 0etition to %&N& to re>ect Japan& Apr ", ;##$ "&Korea has vowe( to $loc2 Japan %N $i( Arp B, ;##$ Chinese protest at Japan %N $i( t rns violent 7n S)en5)en, more t)an !,### protestors too1 to streets& =Do+n +it) t)e (apanese empire= t)ey s)oute/& 7n .)eng/u, "#,### protestors surroun/e/ a (apanese /epartment store an/ -egan smas)ing its +in/o+s& 8)e .)ina .)ain Store H 'ranc)ise Association urge/ mem-ers to 7oycott Japanese Goo(s& Apr $, ;##$ Japan History #e,t$oo2 anger ; /sia Apr $, ;##$ Japan hol(s tight grip on #e,t$oo2 on 3raI 'ar Apr $, ;##$ "$ (apanese civic groups issue/ a statement, = #he '(angero s' contents filling the #e,t$oo2 as a whole have not change( in any essential way& #here are even parts that have $een revise( for the worse&=, /o+n playing Nanjing Massacre, ignoring Sex Slaves, (epicting Japan as aime( at li$erating other /sian co ntries=& Apr ?, ;##$ S&9orea sai/, =3t's nfort nate for the entire worl( that we have to e,ist with a people who honor their past of invasion an( harm &&&&& (apan2s attitu/e /oes not ,it +it) t)e universal values t)at must -e soug)t -y )uman society&= Co) sai/& Apr "", ;##$ 8)e most contentious )istory text removes all re,erences to t)e com,ort +omen an/ suggests t)at 9orea an/ .)ina invite/ or -ene,ite/ ,rom t)e (apanese occupation& (ust one ne+ )istory text-oo1 out o, : mentions t)e com,ort +omen t)is year, /o+n ,rom in t)e mi/< "??#s, an/ re,erences to ot)er +ar crimes )ave -een tone/ /o+n or /roppe/& Japanese government <i$eral *emocrats) well over 5:: of whom ! incl (ing ;( cation Minister) Naria2i Na2ayama ! p $licly $ac2 the historical revisionist movement in schools& Un/er Mr 9oi5umi2s government, )un/re/s o, teac)ers )ave -een punis)e/ ,or re,using to stan/ ,or t)e notorious Militaristic national ant)em& Apr "", ;##$ Dermany le/ a commemoration o, %#t) anniversary o, t)e li-eration o, Na5is2 6uc)en+al/ Deat) .amp& ='e cannot change History) $ t this co ntry can learn a lot from the (eepest shame of o r History,= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er urge/ t)e +orl/ never to ,orget t)e )orrors perpetrate/ -y t)e Na5is, =7 -o+ -e,ore you, t)e victims an/ t)eir ,amilies&= ":"

Apr ";, ;##$ %&"& has of late $een remar2a$ly "3<;N# a$o t Japan's ethical lapses) c rrent an( historical& Apr "B, ;##$ =/ll history te,t$oo2s are shifting their foc s away from Japan's wartime atrocities= sai/ Mi1io Someya o, (apan 8eac)ers2 Association, t)e lea/ing teac)ers2 union in (apan& Apr "$, ;##$ "chrX(er@ Japan Can <earn .rom Germany saying post+ar 6erlin )a/ +on t)e respect o, its neig)-ors in )o+ it conten/e/ +it) its Na5i past& Apr "%, ;##$ Japan's largest national newspaper 1omi ri "him$ n calle( on rea(ers to cele$rate new #e,t$oo2s o, cutting out all mentions a-out t)e Sex Slaves& =No matter )o+ young or ol/, none o, t)e +omen +e roun/e/ up coul/ escape -eing rape/&&&&& /fterwar(s "we always sta$$e( them an( 2ille( them& 7eca se (ea( $o(ies (on't tal2&= 0asu1uni Museum /isplay shows Japan as victim of a conspiracy $y 'estern colonial powers an( Japan was force( into war in self!(efence to $ring peace to /sia& Apr " , ;##$ Violence flares as the Chinese rage at Japan& Apr ":, ;##$ ;ast /sians rge Japan to own p to wartime recor( Apr "?, ;##$ #o2yo high co rt (enies compensation to Chinese victims over war atrocities& 8)e .ourt up)el/ a "??? lo+er court ruling t)at international la+ -arre/ ,oreign citi5ens ,rom see1ing compensation ,rom t)e (apanese government an/ t)e statute o, limitations )a/ expire/ an/ it +as too late to see1 /amages& 8)e "# plainti,,s /eman/e/ compensation cause/ -y -iological experiments, t)e Cape o, Nanjing an/ t)e 'ire-om-ing o, 0ong2an city in 'ujian province& 7n "" rai/s ,rom "?!: to "?B!, (apan /roppe/ ,ire-om-s 1illing an/ injuring more t)an "#,### in)a-itants in 0ong2an city& 0os)io S)ino5u1a, a courageous an/ conscious ,ormer mem-er o, unit !" +)o testi,ie/ on -e)al, o, victims sai/, =3 (on't 2now how to apologize& #o(ay) 3've never felt so ashame( to $e Japanese&= Apr "?, ;##$ .)ina )as o,,ere/ to repair (apan2s 6eijing em-assy /amage/ in protests& Aocal aut)orities in S)ang)ai )ave expresse/ rea/iness to pay /amages to (apanese restaurants& Pointing to t)e Na5i Concentration Camp of / schwitz in Polan/ an/ t)e Hiroshima 0eace Memorial in (apan as prece/ents ,or UN@S.O protection o, +ar ruins, China wo l( see2 %N;"C- 'orl( Heritage protection for the r ins of a Japanese 'M* 7iological 'arfare center of %nit 895 in Har-in, inclu/ing its la-oratories, prisons an/ crematoria use/ ,or experiments on )umans to /evelop WMD +eapons& Japan's government officially neither (enies nor recognizes any activities of %nit 895) even tho gh Japanese Co rt has recognize( for the first time in ?::? t)at (apan )a/ con/ucte/ 6iological War,are in .)ina /uring WW77& Apr ;#, ;##$ Japan 0rime Minister Koiz mi sai( he (oesn't thin2 his visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine h rt feelings of Chinese people an/ Japanese lawma2ers plan to visit 'ar "hrine

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Apr ;#, ;##$ Nan>ing Massacre@ #he (eepest of wo n(s Unite/ Human Cig)ts .ouncil calle/ it =#he single worst atrocity ( ring the ''33 era in either the ; ropean or 0acific theatres of 'ar=& Apr ;;, ;##$ Koiz mi has reiterate( his personal "(eep remorse" over its colonial aggression in /sia at t)e Asia<A,rica summit& His personal apology +as NO8 en/orse/ -y (apanese Parliament, only -ase/ on speec) ma/e -y ,ormer PM 8omiic)i Murayama in "??$& 7t +as (is!cre(ite( imme(iately $y the E: Japanese mem$ers of 0arliament visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine most o, t)em ,rom 9oi5umi2s o+n ADP party& M0s n(ermine Japanese apology& Ho+ever, 9oi5umi2s personal apology +ere a ,ar cry ,rom +)at many Asian nations )ave long clamore/ ,or: / strongly wor(e( government official statement of apology that is formally an( officially approve( $y Japanese 0arliament as a "#r e <egal National /pology" using t)e more sincere (apanese +or/ = shazai sincere (apanese +or/ =owa$i=& =, NO8 t)e muc) less

Apr ;!, ;##$ Japan's fail re to own p to its past threatens its f t re Apr ;!, ;##$ Mr 9oi5umi2s e( cation minister) Naria2i Na2ayama an( his (ep ty secretary general) "hinzo /$e are among more than 5:: <*0 s pporters of the neo! nationalist gro p that wrote the (isp te( #e,t$oo2s& Apr ;%, ;##$ German e,pert@ Japan nee(s to la nch (e$ate on History @-er)ar/ San/sc)nei/er, Director o, t)e Cesearc) 7nstitute o, t)e Derman .ouncil on 'oreign Celations, sai/ t)at t)ere s)oul/ -e an open an/ sel,<critical /e-ate +it)in (apan& Apr ;%, ;##$ 8o1yo District Co rt re>ecte( a (amages s it over 0M Koiz mi's visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine & All courts, in .)i-a, Osa1a, Matsuyama, 'u1uo1a, Na)a an/ 8o1yo, rejecte/ similar /amage suits +it)out issuing a constitutional ju/gment& Only t)e . 2 o2a co rt r le( in /pr& ?::G that Koiz mi's 1as 2 ni visit violate( the Constit tion o, separation o, state an/ religion& Apr ;%, ;##$ Malaysian lawma2ers (eman( apology from Japan over war crimes& Apr ;%, ;##$ China (etains G? for anti!Japanese protests Apr ;:, ;##$ .ormer Japan 0M (enies 'Gentlemen's /greement' with China over war shrine& May !, ;##$ 7ei>ing fin(s anti!Japan protest a ?!e(ge( swor( May !, ;##$ (apanese PM Koiz mi apologize( for s fferings inflicte( on estimate( 5G)::: * tch 0ows )el/ -y t)e 7mperial (apanese Army in t)e Dutc) @ast 7n/ies, no+ 7n/onesia& 8)e Honorary *e$ts .o n(ation receive( more than E:)::: claims& 7t )as sent ";$ petitions /etailing re*uests to t)e (apanese government& 7n a letter to t)e UN, t)e ,oun/ation also expresse/ its opposition to (apan2s -i/ to -e a permanent mem-er o, UN Security .ouncil& May !, ;##$ Mem-ers o, t)e Korean Comm nity hel( a anti!Japanese protest o tsi(e cons late in "y(ney& ":!

May B, ;##$ Alt)oug) still su,,ering as a Western colonial victim, ( ring '&'&3) China sent A6)::: la$orers to help allies an( wor2e( in the trenches& ?)::: ha( (ie( there& At en/ o, W&W&7 at t)e peace con,erence in Paris, .)ina re*ueste/: /o a+ay +it) t)e privileges o, imperialist ,oreign countries in .)ina, cancel t)e (apanese =?5 H miliating *eman(s=, ta1e -ac1 t)e privileges in S)an/ong t)at (apan )a/ ta1en ,rom Dermany& Ho+ever, not +illing to give up t)eir ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina, t)e U&S&, 6ritain an/ 'rance rejecte/ .)ina2s /eman/s& 7nstea/, /rticle 546 of #reaty of Versailles transferre( German concessions in "han(ong) China to Japan rather than ret rning sovereign a thority to China& .)ina re,use/ to sign Gersailles 8reaty, triggere/ t)e ,amous May B Movement an/ t)e ,irst organi5e/ 7oycott of Japanese Goo(s& A major opposition movement arose < t)e ,irst real I estioning of 'estern an( Japanese treatment of the Chinese& / national i(entity $egan to emerge from the May G Movement& May B, ;##$ S)oul/ )istory text-oo1s ma1e you love your countryF Most people +oul/ say =yes&= An/ that's why te,t$oo2s inevita$ly (istort the past ! even here) in the goo( ol( %"/& May B, ;##$ China wal2s nationalist tightrope 8)e /emonstrations in "?"?, +)en stu/ents marc)e/ t)roug) 6eijing to protest against colonial (apan an/ ot)er ,oreign po+ers, mar1e/ t)e -irt) o, .)ina2s ,irst mass movement : May G Movement& 8)e nationalistic, patriotic gat)ering +as joine/ -y +or1ers an/ intellectuals, an/ eventually le/ to t)e -irt) o, t)e Chinese Comm nist 0arty& Chinese police hea( off May G anti!Japan protests May $, ;##$ *enmar2 apologizes for ''33 'mista2es'& Danis) prime minister sai/, =An apology cannot c)ange )istory& 6ut it can contri-ute to recogni5e mista1es ma/e in )istory an/ )ope,ully help f t re generations to avoi( similar mista2es in the f t re&= May ?, ;##$ Spea1ing to a special joint sitting o, parliament mar1ing t)e %# anniversary o, t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, Derman Mr 9W)ler sai/: =We )ave t)e Responsi$ility to 2eep alive the memories of all the s ffering &&&& 'e Germans loo2 $ac2 with horror an( shame &&&&& = May "#, ;##$ China to mar2 war's en(L activists see2 memorial (ay 8)e announcement -rea1s ,rom .)ina2s usual stance o, avoi/ing +ar memorial events to 1eep peace +it) (apan& @very year since ;##", activists in 6eijing )ave urge/ .)ina2s top legislature, to approve a memorial /ay, -ut t)eir suggestions )ave never -een approve/& May "#, ;##$ Dermany opens ne+ Holocaust memorial mar1ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, t)e en/ o, t)e +ar& = #o(ay we open a memorial that recalls Nazi Germany's worst) most terri$le crime &&&&= sai/ parliamentary presi/ent Wol,gang 8)ierse& He a//e/ Germany now "faces p to its history=& May "#, ;##$ .)inese )istorians )ave calle/ ,or more a+areness o, .)ina2s =in/ispensa-le contri-ution= to t)e Allie/ victory in WW77& History o, WW77 +oul/ )ave -een completely /i,,erent +it)out .)ina2s "B years WW77 +it) -rutal (apan&

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.)inese army pinne/ /o+n (apanese in Asia, an/ save/ valua-le time ,or allie/ ,orces in @urope t)at )elpe/ prevent a Japanese attac2 on the "oviet %nion an( the possi$le convergence of the two strongest fascist co ntries in t)e @ast& =#hat is the main reason why Japan (i( N-# respon( the (eman(s of Germany to attac2 the "oviet %nion or inva(e 7ritish troops in "o theast /sia,= 'itho t Chinese resistance) it wo l( have $een almost impossi$le to implement the '; rope .irst' strategy&= May "", ;##$ / thors (efen( controversial Japan te,t$oo2 May ";, ;##$ Ho+ever, atten/ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, @n/ o, War an/ in star1 contrast to an earnest apology -y Derman lea/er Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, at a press con,erence in Mosco+, Koiz mi sai( @ Japan has (one eno gh ""elf!;,amination=& May "!, ;##$ Japan approve( controversial national holi(ay to honor 'artime ;mperor Hirohito to glori,y its -rutal militaristic past, a -ill t)at +oul/ ma1e Hiro)ito2s -irt)/ay on April ;? a national )oli/ay calle/ S)o+a Day& A similar -ill +as t+ice scrappe/ un/er political pressure an/ criticism&

3t is a speechless irony to the whole /sia @ the name of Hirohito's reign ""howa is originate( from ""h Jing 0eace=& " ) a Chinese Classic ) which means ";nlightene(

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May "! ;##$ 8o1yo Hig) Co rt ac2nowle(ge( a 5A9? Massacre in China's <iaoning 0rovince $ t re>ecte( any compensation ,or t)e ! survivors& May "$, ;##$ Japan plans to $ il( a$o t a (ozen new factories in China to (ispose 'M* Chemical 'eapons a$an(one( in WW77& A-out 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: 'M* a-an/one/ in .)ina& So ,ar, only ! ,### o, t)em )ave -een /ug up an/ treate/& 3n ?::G) ? chil(ren were in> re( $y Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon lea1ing mustar/ gas in a river& A similar lea1 in Heilongjiang province, t)e 'M* 2ille( one person an( in> re( G? in ?::9& .)ina say t)e a-an/one/ 'M* Chemical 'eapons have victimize( at least ?)::: Chinese since 5AG4 en( of war& May "%, ;##$ A ,act<,in/ing group )as i/enti,ie/ G:6 Japanese companies $ro ght Koreans to Japan as "lave la$orers& May " , ;##$ Japanese 0M Koiz mi re>ects criticism of war shrine visits& May "?, ;##$ "ingapore >oins chor s against shrine visit May ;", ;##$ *isney here has rightist!ya2 za lin2s May ;B, ;##$ "&Korea @ Japan sho l( follow Germany's lea( on History&

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May ;%, ;##$ "enior Japanese lawma2er @ No nee( to apologize for war Crimes an/ sai/ =+ar criminals= +as just a la-el impose/ -y t)e victors an/ are no longer regar/e/ as criminals in (apan& China rips official's war!criminal remar2s& (une ", ;##$ E former Japanese 0M against Koiz mi's shrine visit& Ho+ever, Koiz mi will 2eep visiting the war shrine) his ai(e says& (une !, ;##$ 1as hiro Na2asone) former Japanese 0M whose own shrine visit in 5AE4 spar2e( h ge Chinese protests) rge( Koiz mi@ *on't repeat shrine mista2e& (une !, ;##$ 7n (apanese Parliament, S)ii rea/ out a 1as 2 ni $roch re that arg e( Japan's wars of aggression were an effort to free /sia from ; ropean colonialism& #he writings also allege( that %&"& force( Japan to attac2 %&"& in 5AG5& Juestione/ in Parliament a-out )is s)rine visits, 9oi5umi +as typically /e,iant& 8)e s)rine is similarly unrepentant& 1as 2 ni's g ar(ians recently invite( the p $lic to compose a song that $oth praises Japan an( $ rnishes its image overseas& (une B, ;##$ 7n a +ritten statement, o,,icials ,rom 1as 2 ni "hrine )ave sai/ t)e S)rine +ill not remove t)e "B .lass<A War .riminals, -ecause t)e outcome o, t)e 8o1yo +ar crimes tri-unal t)at convicte/ t)em remains controversial& 7t also sai/ t)e *iet nanimo sly a(opte( a resol tion in 5A49 (enying the e,istence of "'ar Criminals" in Japan in connection with ''33& (un $ ;##$ #op Japanese newspapers s ggest $ il(ing non!religio s war memorial to solve 1as 2 ni pro$lem (un $ ;##$ 3srael) Germany cele$rate G: year ties 'orge/ in t)e a,termat) o, Holocaust, Dermany is 7srael2s closest partner an/ supporter in @urope, secon/ only to U&S& in terms o, economic an/ political ties& (un $, ;##$ Germany offers Japan cl es on postwar Harmony& (un %, ;##$ Japan to spen( %"H5&A $illion to $ il( a factory in China to (ispose its 'M* Chemical 'eapons a$an(one( in WW77& A-out 8::)::: ! ?):::)::: 'M* a-an/one/ -y (apan& Un/er a "?? international convention, (apan is o-lige/ to clean t)em up -y ;## & So ,ar, only ! ,### o, t)em )ave -een /ug up an/ treate/& 3n ?::G) ? chil(ren were in> re( $y Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon lea1ing mustar/ gas in a river& A similar lea1 in Heilongjiang province, t)e 'M* 2ille( one person an( in> re( G? in ?::9& .)ina say t)e a-an/one/ 'M* Chemical 'eapons have victimize( at least ?)::: Chinese since 5AG4 en( of war& (un %, ;##$ Japanese .oreign Minister has calle( China's criticism of shrine visits "a$s r(" an( (efen(e( the controversial history te,t$oo2& (un ;##$ Japanese 0arliament's spea2er rges Koiz mi not to visit war shrine

(un , ;##$ 0u1o 8ojo, gran//aug)ter o, +artime Prime Minister Den& Hi/e1i 8ojo, is no+ spea1ing out against t)e post+ar Allie/ tri-unal t)at convicte/ )im as a .lass<A +ar criminal& "he arg e( that Japan fo ght the war in self!(efense

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(un :, ;##$ / #aiwanese a$original lawma2er with 6: a$origines) will travel to Japan to (eman( the removal of the names of a$original war (ea( from 1as 2 ni "hrine & Discounting 0asu1uni aut)orities2 earlier statements t)at t)ey )ave alrea/y -ecome =go/s= an/ no-o/y )as t)e rig)t to /eci/e t)eir ,ate, 9ao .)in sai/ t)at t)e 9aos)a +arriors are not (apanese an/ their "confine( "o ls sho l( $e release( an( allowe( to ret rn to their home in #aiwan& ""hac2ling of the warriors' "o ls" in Japan is the "sa((est event in the history of #aiwan's a$original people,= S)e sai/ )er people +ill travel to (apan one group a,ter anot)er in a -i/ to =release= t)eir ancestors2 Souls in t)eir o+n +ay& 8)e group +ill also /eman/ an open apology ,rom t)e (apanese Dovernment ,or atrocities committe/ in 8ai+an& Documentaries s)o+ing )o+ 8ai+an2s a-origines +ere slaug)tere/ or torture/ -y t)e (apanese +ere s)o+n at t)e press con,erence& (un ?, ;##$ Joint History report shows h ge gaps $etween Japan an( "&Korea (un "#, ;##$ Chinese!/mericans >oin p sh for war re(ress from Japan (un "#, ;##$ .amilies of Japan's war (ea( as2 0M to reconsi(er visits to shrine (un "!, ;##$ A-out ;:,### 8ai+an .)inese +ar /ea/ are ens)rine/ at 0asu1uni un/er (apanese names t)ey +ere ,orce/ to assume& 8)e 8ai+an .)inese arrive/ in 8o1yo sai/ t)ey +ant t)eir relatives2 names remove/ ,rom memorial pla*ues t)ere -ecause it is "morally npar(ona$le that M r(erers an( Victims are honore( at the "/M; place&= (un "!, ;##$ Japan's Minister of ;( cation an( C lt re) Naria2i Na2ayama praise( the recent (eletion of "e, "laves from History #e,t$oo2s& 8)en, Japan apologize( again for the "e, "laves& (un "B, ;##$ Many 1no+ t)e ="chin(ler's <ist=, t)e ,ilm a-out a Derman +)o personally save/ ","## (e+s& Not +i/ely 1no+n, t)e Chinese Cons l .eng!"han Ho in Vienna (efie( his government's policy an( iss e( ?:)::: visas that let ; ropean Jews into China ,rom "?!: to "?B#, (e+s ,leeing ,rom Na5i Dermany to .)ina, a seemingly unli1ely )aven t)en un/er (apanese occupation& =China was the only co ntry that wo l( accept s,= sai/ Cita Atterman 'e/er& (un "?, ;##$ #he Ghost -f Mr& #o>o Opposition is gro+ing to 9oi5umi2s 0asu1uni visits& (un ;#, ;##$ -2inawa " ici(es an( Japan's /rmy@ 7 rying the #r th+ (un ;#, ;##$ "&Korea) Japan remain at o((s on History (un ;!, ;##$ #o2yo High Co rt overt rne( a lower co rt r ling awar(ing government compensation to a Chinese "lave& 8)e original (uly ;##" ruling sai/ (apan )a/ a responsi-ility a,ter its /e,eat to protect people ,orci-ly ta1en to (apan& Aiu, +)o ,irst sue/ t)e (apanese government ,or compensation in "??%, /ie/ in ;###, an/ )is son too1 over t)e suit& (un ; , ;##$ Korean on "aipan see2s Japan's apology ahea( of imperial visit an/ )ope @mperor A1i)ito +ill visit 9orean Peace Memorial next to t)e monument, -uilt in memory o, estimate/ up to "#,### 9oreans +)o /ie/ in t)e 7attle of "aipan& Au 0un,ei sai/, =7, )e goes ":

t)ere an/ pays respects to (apanese an/ ot)er victims +)o +ere sacri,ice/, he sho l( ma2e a (istinction $etween the m r(erers an( the victims&= (apanese @mperor ma/e a s rprise visit to Korean memorial (un ; ;##$ /nother 9 Chinese in> re( $y Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons& (un ;?, ;##$ %" co rt re>ecte( a (amages laws it against Japan file( $y 54 /sian "e, "laves& (un !#, ;##$ =#he 0hantom %nit 895= /irecte/ -y 8G pro/ucer Haru1o 0os)inaga, /ocuments (apan2s WMD 6iological experiments in .)ina& (un !#, ;##$ %&N& receive( petition to $loc2 Japan's "ec rity Co ncil $i( +it) more t)an B" million signatures see1ing +artime re/ress ,rom (apan& (un !#, ;##$ Chinese s rvivors of Hanao2a "lave 3nci(ent mar2 anniversary& On (une !#, "?B$, .)inese Slaves near a copper mine in O/ate, A1ita Pre,ecture, (apan stage/ an uprising& More t)an B## .)inese Slaves 1ille/& Aiu sai/, =We +ill continue to pursue a resolution to t)e crimes committe/ -y (apanese militarism, no matter )o+ long it +ill ta1e&= (ul !, ;##$ No apology) no forgiveness& (ul "#, ;##$ ;vi(ence of vast plant that Japan se( 0o's as h man g inea pigs in 'M* Chemical an( 7iological 'arfare fo n( in remote grasslan/s o, 7nner Mongolia, .)ina& =7t covers an area o, B# s*uare miles& 7t may -e t)e largest an/ -est<preserve/ gas experiment site in t)e +orl/ &&&&& Japan con( cte( 'M* Chemical an( 'M* Germ 'arfare in ?J9 of the co ntry, -ut especially in t)e nort), nort)<east an/ sout) o, .)ina,= sai/ Mr (in .)engmin& =7t s)oul/ -e *uali,ie/ ,or Worl/ Heritage status& 8)e ruins serve as a permanent remin/er o, t)e atrocities (apanese troops committe/ in .)ina&= (ul "", ;##$ Chinese /mericans lea( effort to p t press re on Japan& Polan/ Hung sai/& =3f we ignore an( (eny history) how can we promote peace + =& (ul ";, ;##$ Japanese ;( cation Minister@ "Comfort 'omen" have no place in #e,t$oo2s& (ul ";, ;##$ Derman Dovernment )as -oug)t a ,ormer la-or camp near 6erlin to open a Memorial to commemorate German "lave la$orers in ;##%& (ul "!, ;##$ *isp te@ Roc2 or 3slan( + (ul "B, ;##$ #he 2ami2aze an( the comm nist@ ''33 s rvivors em$o(y conflict that still ha nts Japan& (apan +as trying to ri/ Asia o, Western colonialism& (apan +asn2t inva/ing Asia, (apan +as li-erating it& An/, in t)e en/, (apan )a/ no c)oice -ut to ,ig)t or /ie& =7 still -elieve t)at to/ay,= 8os)io 0os)ita1e sai/& (ul "B, ;##$ (apan2s Hig) .ourt up)el/ a lo+er court ver/ict, +)ic) or(ere( Japanese government to compensate A "lave miners a total o, :; million yen 3N !;,###4& (ul "%, ;##$ .emale activists in Japan will open a 'omen's /ctive M se m on 'ar an( 0eace to /isplay Sex Slave2s material in 8o1yo& "::

(ul ":, ;##$ Chinese .orce( <a$or) Japanese Government an( 0rospects for Re(ress& (ul "?, ;##$ Japan co rt re>ects 'M* Germ 'arfare compensation& Up)ol/ing a previous ruling, )o+ever, t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt -ac1e/ a lo+er court2s lan/mar1 ;##; /eclaration t)at (apan )a/ carrie/ out WMD 6iological War,are, somet)ing t)e (apanese government )as never o,,icially ac1no+le/ge/& 6ut rejecte/ /eman/s -y ":# .)inese ,or compensation an/ apology& =3t's a not a ver(ict yo co l( reach if yo were h man,= 0os)io S)ino5u1a, +)o )as spo1en o, )is involvement in WMD Derm War,are, sai/, #he > (ge was > st ma2ing e,c ses for the Japanese government&= An/ China (eman(s Japan ta2e responsi$ility for 'M* Germ 'arfare& 8)ey ,ile/ t)e appeal +it) t)e Supreme .ourt& (ul ;;, ;##$ Japan fin(s itself staring at the 0ast as it loo2s into the . t re& (ul ;!, ;##$ 1as 2 ni@ 'hat (raws Koiz mi to the shrine +& (ul ;B, ;##$ ""ei(an" means "3mperial (ecision= a mixe/ /ocumentary ,ootage an/ /ramatic reconstruction to explain: Was t)e @mperor +illing to sacri,ice )imsel, completely << not only )is t)rone -ut )is li,e << ,or t)e sa1e o, )is people F Or /i/ )e give up reluctantly an/ only a,ter )e -elieve/ )e +oul/ -e spare/ F W)at =Sei/an= s)o+s is t)at, t)oug) t)e emperor ,inally en/e/ t)e ma/ness +it) )is =/ivine /ecision= )e coul/ )ave cut t)e nation2s losses muc) earlier& =Sei/an= still ma1es t)e (apanese people out to -e victims, -ut in t)is case t)ey are victims o, t)eir o+n lea/ers, an/ t)e emperor& (ul ;$, ;##$ #he "Chinese "chin(lers"& An/ #he /ngel of / stria's Jews& (ul ;:, ;##$ #o>o's gran((a ghter says Japan war 0M no criminal& (ul ;:, ;##$ #o2yo school $oar( a(opts (isp te( History #e,t$oo2& (ul ;:, ;##$ #o2yo shrine raises hac2les& Minoru Morita, a 8o1yo<-ase/ political analyst sai/, =8)ese /ays +e very o,ten )ear more e,perts say p $licly that the %&"& wants s ch a(versary relationship $etween China an( Japan an( that's why they remain "3<;N#&= (ul !#, ;##$ . n( set p to help victims see2 compensation from Japan& 8a1a)as)i 8o)ru, (apanese la+yer an/ )ea/ o, t)e (apanese la+yer team ,or )elping .)inese sai/ one o, t)e major /i,,iculties +as t)e lac1 o, money to collect evi/ence an/ la+yers )ave no money to con/uct t)eir ,iel/ stu/ies& (ul !", ;##$ 'ho sho l( $e $lame( for Japan's ''33 Militarism& Among experts, a loose consens s has emerge(@ not only the military was to $lame $ t every$o(y in the era@ politicians) $ rea crats) teachers) the me(ia) the p $lic as a whole an( erstwhile (emigo( ;mperor Hirohito& Aug ;, ;##$ (apan la+ ma1ers a/opte/ a resolution on t)e %#t) anniversary o, WW77 t)at states 8o1yo regrets t)e =su,,ering= it cause/ in Asia $ t (roppe( references to Japan's "colonial r le" an( "acts of aggression= inclu/e/ in t)e resolution t)at mar1e/ t)e $#t) anniversary o, t)e War&

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Aug ;, ;##$ More than 9:: Japanese lawma2ers rge( Koiz mi to visit 1as 2 ni "hrine on t)e %#t) anniversary o, WW77& Aug ;, ;##$ NG- in Japan have opene( archives on "e, "laves to protest +ar crimes against +omen -y (apan& Aug !, ;##$ =/ny colonial government was harsh) $ t no other imperialist co ntries $ t Japan attempte( to wipe o t the c lt re an( spirit of a whole nation&O sai/ Aee 6ae< 0ong, a )istory pro,essor at 9orea2s @)+a University& Aug $, ;##$ Japanese <*0 party e,ec tive "hinzo /$e) a pop lar haw2 often cite( as a li2ely s ccessor to Koiz mi p $licly criticizes the #oy2o 'ar #ri$ nal, =6ut t)ere is a -ig pro-lem t)at t)ey +ere ju/ge/ -y t)e victor countries &&&&& an/ accor/ing to retroactive la+s&= A-e sai/& Aug $, ;##$ Hiroshima /nniversary@ 3raI 'ar sp rre( a new n clear arms race& 7ran, an NP8 mem-er insists on its rig)t to pursue nuclear po+er, )as -een in,uriate/ -y U&S& nuclear co<operation +it) 7n/ia, a non<mem-er o, t)e NP8, +)ic) -laste/ its +ay into t)e nuclear =clu-= in tit<,or<tat tests +it) Pa1istan in "??:& Aug :, ;##$ Her$ert 0&7i, ! "howa "cholar " preme sai/,=Hiro)ito +as 7mperial (apan2s )ere/itary )ea/ o, state&&&supreme comman/er o, )is ,orces&&&a religious lea/er&&&nation2s c)ie, pe/agogue& He live/ in a +orl/ o, )ig) politics& So, naturally, )e engage/ in politics&&& 0et, t)is man never assume/ responsi-ility ,or +)at )appene/ to t)e (apanese an/ Asian peoples +)ose lives +ere /estroye/ or )arme/ -y )is rule&&&&& He was more concerne( a$o t preserving an empowere( monarchy !! with himself on the throne&&&&& He never too2 responsi$ility for the war that was carrie( o t in his name&&&&& Morally) 3 tho ght he was a very wea2 person& He lac2e( $ac2$one) an( 3 thin2 his reign was a trage(y for the Japanese people&&&&& Den& MacArt)ur an/ t)e 8ruman a/ministration s)iel/e/ t)e @mperor an/ /ocuments +ere place/ o,, limits&&&&&= Aug ?, ;##$ <ac2 of war 2nowle(ge among Japanese yo th appalling Aug "#, ;##$ Women2s groups across Asia, Manila, Seoul, 8aipei, 8o1yo, Osa1a an/ ot)er (apanese cities, urge/ (apan to apologi5e an/ compensate Sex Slaves& =(apan a-/ucte/ me an/ ,orce/ me to -ecome a Sex Slave,= %<year<ol/ 9orean Aee 0ong<soo sai/, =8)e Japanese government sho l( have come to my home an( 2neel (own to apologize&= 7n P)ilippine, (ulia Poras, +as a-/ucte/ -y (apanese at age "! =(apanese sol/iers tie/ up my )an/s an/ ,eet& 7 ,elt li1e an animal rea/y to -e slaug)tere/,= s)e sai/& .or E months) Japanese line( p in an n(ergro n( hi(eo t an( too2 t rns raping )er, Poras sai/& Aug "!, ;##$ G former "&Korean "e, "laves han(e( over 44:)::: signat res petition to Japan /eman/ing apology an/ compensation& 8)e petition +as also su-mitte/ to UN& Aug "B, ;##$ .or 6: years) Japan still str ggles with responsi$ility an/ Not all Japanese have learne( the lessons of war& Aug "$, ;##$ %&"& provi(e( money) foo() gifts) entertainment an( other 2in(s of rewar(s to the former %nit 895 mem$ers) even ? years after the 'ar to o$tain (ata on h man e,periments con( cte( in China) accor(ing to ? (eclassifie( %&"& government (oc ments& 8)e ; /eclassi,ie/ /ocuments +ere ,oun/ in t)e U&S& National Arc)ives -y "?#

pro,essor 9eiic)i 8suneis)i at 9anaga+a University an/ an expert on WMD -iological an/ c)emical +eapons& Aug "$, ;##$ Japan e,presses "remorse" over ''33& 6ut in )is speec) in ,ront o, t)e emperor, 9oi5umi /i/ not use t)e +or/ =apology=& ? of his ministers) an( more than G8 lawma2ers visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine& Anti<(apanese protesters turne/ out in Hong 9ongE Seoul, S&9oreaE Manila, P)ilippineE an/ 8aipei, 8ai+an& Aug "$, ;##$ Mic)ael Weiner, pro,essor o, @ast Asian )istory sai/, =G<( Day is very o// in comparison to G<@ Day &&&&&= He an/ Mic)ael 6ernstein, a )istory pro,essor at U. San Diego agree t)at G<( Day )a/ /eeper implications an/ less o-vious conse*uences t)an t)e /e,eat o, Na5i& =3 have $een str c2 $y how little people in the %" an( ; rope n(erstan( the terri$le impact the war ha( on more than 4: F of worl('s pop lation&= Weiner sai/& Aug ":, ;##$ =3 thin2 there are > st as many Japanese /mericans p zzle( an( angry that Japan hasn't come to grips with what happene( in ''33,= sai/ Don Na1anis)i, a (apanese American an/ /irector o, t)e Asian American Stu/ies .enter at U.AA& Aug ":, ;##$ / non!governmental f n() name( "History) H man Rights an( 0eace") was esta$lishe( to help Chinese victims to file laws its /eman/ing compensation ,rom (apan an/ ai/ researc) on relevant )istorical ,acts& =8)is is an international ,un/& We +elcome in/ivi/uals an/ organi5ations ,rom various countries, especially (apan, to contri-ute to t)e ,un/,= sai/ Wang Iuan, )ea/ o, t)e .)inese team o, plainti,,s in t)e la+suit against (apanese WMD 6iological War,are in WW77& Aug "?, ;##$ 7n star1 contrast +it) very active Dermany2s Sc)roe/er participating in (une %t) G<%# cele-rations in @urope, (apan2s 9oi5umi +as not invite/ to any o, /sian co ntry across the 0acific to commemorate the 6:th anniversary of Japan's ''33 s rren(er& Aug ;!, ;##$ 8o1yo District .ourt )as rule/ t)at t)e notorious = 7 shi(o ! Killing Contest Game = , were not a >o rnalist's fa$rication& Aug ;B, ;##$ =3 can accept the fact that the yo ng generation of Japanese is not to $lame& 3t was their fathers an( gran(fathers& 7 t ntil they own p) they'll always $e a pariah nation,= :B<year<ol/ 6a/en (ones, a PoW survivor o, t)e notorious Railway of *eath, sai/ at t)e 8)ailan/2s Hellfire 0ass& Aug ;%, ;##% "&Korean (isclose( (iplomatic (oc ments e,change( with Japan for the two nations' normalization an/ /eclare/ t)at (apan is legally responsi-le ,or its +ar crimes& 8)e /ocuments /etail negotiations )el/ on compensation ,or victims, covere/ t)e legal status o, )un/re/s o, t)ousan/s o, 9oreans living in (apan, an/ t)e retrieval of Korean c lt ral assets ta2en to Japan ( ring the colonial perio(& Sept !, ;##$ 7n a ceremony commemorating %#t) G<( Day, mem-ers ,rom ;; countries unveile/ a Peace Monument, a +all %# metres long an/ %# steps )ig), in 6eijing .)aoyang Par1, ,un/e/ ,rom private /onations +orl/+i/e& A1ie 9ato, a (apanese represente/ t)e (apanese veterans to sign t)e 6eijing Peace Declaration in t)e ceremony& Her h s$an( was capt re( $y Chinese forces in 5AG: an( later >oine( an anti!war alliance organize( $y Japanese) fighting on the Chinese si(e in 5AG4 an( even helping the 0eople's <i$eration /rmy in li$erating the Northeast& =0eace an( "?"

> stice are what we fo ght for,= s)e sai/& =8)e +ar cause/ catastrop)e to -ot) t)e .)inese an/ (apanese peoples& 8)e value o, peace is immeasura-le&= Sept :, ;##$ #he n!thin2a$le@ / N clear!/rme( Japan& Sept ":, ;##$ China mar2s 'ar /nniv& witho t (emonstrations at Japan em$assy& Sept ;#, ;##$ Japan recovers ?E5 'M* Chemical 'eapons in 1ich n city's resi(ential area in China& Sept ;B, ;##$ Japan $lin( to a *ar2 0ast& Sept ;?, ;##$ E8: remains of 2i(nappe( Korean "laves fo n( in Japan& Sept ;?, ;##$ #o2yo High Co rt re>ecte( a s it (eman(ing compensation against Koiz mi visiting 1as 2 ni "hrine & 8)e ju/ge also rule/ t)at 9oi5umi +ors)ippe/ t)ere privately, an/ t)ere,ore t)ere +as no nee/ to /eci/e +)et)er t)e visit violate/ t)e constitution& Sept !#, ;##$ One /ay a,ter t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rule/ t)at 9oi5umi2s visits coul/ not -e classi,ie/ as an o,,icial visit& 8)e -sa2a High Co rt r le( Koiz mi's shrine visits were a religio s activity an( %n!Constit tional& 8)e court rule/ several reasons +)y 9oi5umi2s s)rine visits +ere o,,icial: 9oi5umi use/ an o,,icial car an/ +as accompanie/ -y )is ai/esE )e visite/ t)e s)rine to carry out a campaign ple/geE an/ t)e PM /i/ not clari,y i, )is visits +ere /one in a private capacity& 8)e court sai/ t)e visits =supporte/ an/ promote/ a speci,ic religion&= Oct , ;##$ Japan to (ispose its a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons in China& Oct "#, ;##$ Japan ret rns loote( anti!aggression mon ment to Korea& 8)e ancient monument -uilt in " # recor/s -rave stories o, 9orean victory o, anti<(apanese aggression B## years ago& Oct "$ ;##$ China (eman(s Japan to spee( p (estroying 'M* Chemical 'eapons Oct ":, ;##$ /sians angere( $y the 4th visit to 1as 2 ni "hrine $y 0M Koiz mi& Oct ":, ;##$ /$o t 5:: Japanese lawma2ers also visite( the "hrine) >oine( $y AG ai(es representing legislators& Oct "?, ;##$ #aiwan) Japan) "&Korea families protest 1as 2 ni enshrinements& =Since t)e Osa1a ruling )as ma/e it clear t)e principle o, separation o, religion an/ state, )is 39oi5umi4 visit can -e seen as c)eating& 7 t)in1 victims are exploite/, ,amilies are use/,= sai/ Cyu1en Suga)ara, a 6u//)ist priest +)ose ,at)er +as /ra,te/ in "?B! an/ succum-e/ to /isease in t)e Sout) Paci,ic& He rge( a >oint effort $y relatives of the war (ea( to get the shrine to remove the names of their ancestors& Oct "?, ;##$ Japanese 0M's shrine visits reflect importance of e( cating 'esterners a$o t /sia ''33& 7n April, t)e -ntario government in Cana(a agree( to incl (e /sian ''33 in c rric l ms of the province's secon(ary schools& Documentary: Cana(ian " rviors of ''33 in /sia& "?;

Oct "?, ;##$ 0ointless 0rovocation in #o2yo Oct ;!, ;##$ J st a few paces from where Japanese 0M Koiz mi (roppe( a coin an( praye() is the 1as 2 ni m se m& 8)e museum portrays Japan as $oth the martyr an( savior of /sia to (rive "the foreign $ar$arians") to li$erate an( protect /sia from R ssian 7olshevism an( ; ropean colonialism& 0earl Har$or was "force(" $y "a plot" $y 0resi(ent Roosevelt& Japanese!le( massacres) Korean comfort women) Chinese se, slaves) or tort re( 0o's are not mentione(& Oct ;$, ;##$ Korea (eman(s apology over 1as 2 ni $efore s mmit& Oct ;$, ;##$ 'here Japan is hea(ing& Oct ;:, ;##$ 7n a compre)ensive report entitle/ = "till 'aiting /fter 6: years@ J stice for " rvivors of Japan's Military "e, al "lavery "ystem=, Amnesty 7nternational outlines t)e -rutal treatment su,,ere/ -y =com,ort +omen= an/ t)e excuses given -y (apan over t)e years to /eny responsi-ility ,or t)eir su,,ering, /mnesty 3nternational calle( on Japan to accept f ll responsi$ility for "e, al Crimes& (apan )as argue/ t)at Cape +as not a +ar crime until "?B?, +)en it +as incorporate/ into t)e Bt) Deneva .onvention& /mnesty 3nternational argues in its report, t)at t)ere is a +ealt) o, evi/ence t)at Cape in t)e context o, arme/ con,lict +as a crime un/er customary international la+ /uring t)e entire perio/ in +)ic) t)e (apanese government operate/ its system o, sexual slavery& Nov ;, ;##$ "&Korea pset over Japan foreign minister& Aso sai/ t)at (apan2s colonial policy o, ,orcing 9oreans c)ange t)eir names to (apanese names +as -ecause 9oreans +ante/ (apanese names& Nov !, ;##$ ? Koreas cele$rate loote( mon ment ret rne( -y (apan& Nov B, ;##$ Ghosts of wartime Japan ha nt Koiz mi's ca$inet& Nov %, ;##$ Japanese an( Korean scholars sai( 5A:4 Korea 0rotectorate #reaty paving way to anne,ing Korea illegal, an/ t)ere,ore (apan )a/ no rig)t to represent 9orea +)en it signe/ any ,urt)er treaties, inclu/ing t)e Pots/am 8reaty in "?B$, +)ic) en/e/ t)e +ar in t)e Paci,ic an/ /ivi/e/ t)e 9orean Peninsula into Nort) an/ Sout)& =8)e evi/ence t)at t)e treaty +as illegally signe/ an/ t)ere,ore null an/ voi/ is strong& Ultimately, t)is is an issue t)at +ill li1ely )ave to -e trie/ at t)e 7nternational .ourt o, (ustice in 8)e Hague,= Cyu1o1u University pro,essor @sturo 8otsu1a tol/ t)e symposium& Nov %, ;##$ 1as 2 ni "hrine Visits ! / sign of Japan's (ecline +& Nov "#, ;##$ Japan consi(ers $ il(ing a sec lar war memorial to resolve 0asu1uni S)rine issue& Nov "$, ;##$ China) "&Korea $last Japanese lea(er's visits to "hrine& =3f German lea(ers worshippe( Hitler an( worshippe( the Nazis) how wo l( the ; ropean people loo2 at this += sai/ Ai K)aoxing& "?!

Nov " , ;##$ Japan str ggles to (ispose a$an(one( 'M* Chemical 'eapons in .)ina an/ may )ave trou-le meeting t)e ;## /ea/line& Nov " , ;##$ Japan faces isolation at /0;C & & High price for shrine visits& Nov " , ;##$ Japan is st c2 in its 0ast& 7ts re,usal to come to terms +it) it t)reatens to /e,ine its ,uture an/ t)at o, t)e +)ole o, Asia& Nov ":, ;##$ ;mperor's new clothes ! -$servations on Japan& Nov "?, ;##$ ="top apologizingL /ctions are more important=, 9orean PM Co) tol/ 9oi5umi in AP@.& =.riticism o, )is trips to 0asu1uni, regar/e/ -y many as a sym-ol o, unrepentant (apanese militarism, originate/ mostly in .)ina an/ S&9orea& 6ut a,ter last mont)2s visit it +i/ene/ to inclu/e t)e rest o, Asia, N&America an/ @urope=, except U&S& Nov ;;, ;##$ Japan to revive Military& Ot)er t)an in name, Japan alrea(y has one of the worl('s $est f n(e( "Militaries" /evoting close to ,ive trillion yen 3BB -illion /ollars4 to /e,ense a year& Japan has s2irte( its 0eace Constit tion $y referring to its troops as the ""elf!*efense .orces=& Nov ;;, ;##$ #o2yo teacher em$attle( over war History& Japanese city official sai( Japan never inva(e( Korea& #eacher (em rs& Nov ;$, ;##$ Japan's em$assy protests "ingapore over 1as 2 ni e(itorials& 7n Singapore, E:)::: civilians most of them ethnic Chinese) were massacre( $y Japanese troops /uring WW77& Nov ;?, ;##$ former "e, "laves s spect Japan ai( "another ploy to eva(e its legal responsi$ility"& 8)e Aila Pilipina, Aolas 9ampanyeras an/ Malaya Aolas )ave /ocumente/ more t)an !$# cases ,rom "??; to ;##B& Not one +as inclu/e/ in t)e reparation agreement, activist Nelia Sanc)o sai/& Dec ", ;##$ Nationalist Comics $ecome pop lar in Japan& A reversal o, (apan2s )istory o, aggression in Asia& Dec !, ;##$ Japan) China to >ointly (estroy Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons& Dec !, ;##$ .amily ties@ #he #o>o legacy& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo: 3f there was no ;mperor ) there wo l( $e no Japan &&&&&& DM : 6ut t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo : 3 2now nothing a$o t his roots ) $ t 3 was astonishe( that he sai( s ch a thing &&&&&& Dec "B, ;##$ "&Korean "laves lose Japan co rt fight& B /ecease/ S&9oreans +ere 1i/nappe/ an/ enslave/ in (apan 7ron H Steel .o&, no+ 1no+n as Nippon Steel .orp&, t)eir relatives /eman/e/ (apanese government to pay compensation& 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rejecte/ t)eir appeal& Dec "$, ;##$ 8)e 7nternational .risis Droup 37.D4, a non<pro,it organi5ation t)at stu/ies international con,licts, recommen/e/ t)at Japan sho l( $ il( a separate war memorial to replace the 1as 2 ni "hrine & "?B

Dec "%, ;##$ "hrine iss e (ogs ;ast /sia s mmit& =Germany came to terms with its past history $y even giving p claims to certain territory,= sai/ Co), =Dermany /i/ not -uil/ any ,acility t)at memoriali5e/ in/ivi/uals +)o cause/ pain an/ su,,ering to t)eir neig)-ors /uring t)e +ar&= Dec ;B, ;##$ ;mperor as2s Japan to 'acc rately n(erstan(' History Dec !", ;##$ Japan rge( China not to (isclose (iplomat's s ici(e@ Chinese em$assy

65t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an B, ;##% /z ma "hiro) former Japanese sol(ier who was the first to apologize for Nan>ing crimes) (ie( at the age of AG, calle/ -y many as t)e =Conscience of Japan=& He personally went to Nan>ing 8 times to apologize& He pu-lis)e/ )is +ar /iary =My Nan2ing 0latoon= to s)o+ )is remorse an/ re-ut (apanese /ou-ts a-out Nanjing Massacre& He su,,ere/ )arassment, t)reats an/ +as sue/ ,or li-el -y (apanese rig)t<+ings +)o /enounce/ )im as a traitor& (an "$, ;##% Japanese article (ownplaying *eath March angers s rvivors& 8+o survivors urge t)e lea/ing (apanese maga5ine to apologi5e -ecause =t)e intention o, t)e article +as not to recall )istory, -ut to re+rite it&= (an ;#, ;##% Japan vs& China@ #he other clash of civilizations + (an !", ;##% Japanese .M #aro /so) a conten(er to s ccee( Koiz mi) $ac2trac2e( on his call for ;mperor to visit "hrine& @mperor A1i)ito )as re,raine/ ,rom praying t)ere since )e +as ent)rone/ in "?:?, unli1e 9oi5umi +)o )as praye/ at 0asu1uni every year since ta1ing o,,ice in April ;##"& 'e- ", ;##% #he 1as 2 ni pro$lem& W)at ma1es t)e s)rine suc) a /istur-ing place, is NO8 t)e .lass<A +ar criminals or t)e Japanese Kempeitai monument, $ t this (estr ctive i(eology) which has s rvive( intact (espite war crime trials) (emocratic government) an( more than half a cent ry to analyze) (e$ate) an( reflect on the catastrophes of the past& 'e- ", ;##% China $an for Memoirs of a Geisha& 'e- ;, ;##% China threat + 'e- ;, ;##% Japan's "ocial *emocratic 0arty @ Japan (efense forces are n! constit tional& 'e- !, ;##% Japan's plans to change its pacifist constit tion co l( lea( to another war in the region, an Oscar<nominate/ /irector +arns in a ne+ /ocumentary& 'e- $, ;##% China con(emne( Japanese .M #aro /so who cre(ite( #aiwan's high e( cational stan(ar(s to Japan's 4:!year colonial r le& During (apan2s -rutal colonial rule, .)inese culture +as suppresse/& 8ai+an .)inese +ere ,orce/ to stu/y an/ spea1 (apanese, simlar to t)e C lt ral Massacre in Korea & 3f any goo() why (i( Japan apologize( +

"?$

; /ays later, )e /enie/ t)at )e use/ t)e +or/ =country= ,or 8ai+an, =7 am a+are t)at it +oul/ -e a pro-lem to call 8ai+an a country -ecause 8)e Asa)i S)im-un )as -een ma1ing a ,uss a-out it ,or ;$ years& 7 am not t)at stupi/,= )e sai/& Ho+ever, he can $e hear() in the tape of his speech) clearly saying "co ntry"& 'e- %, ;##% Japan sho l( stop "hrine visits) "ingapore says& 'e- "", ;##$ 8suneo Watana-e, Japan's most powerf l me(ia $aron, eI ates #o>o with Hitler& He a((e() "#his person Koiz mi (oesn't 2now history or philosophy) (oesn't st (y) (oesn't have any c lt re& #hat's why he says st pi( things=& As to t)e 1ami1a5e pilots glori,ie/ as +illing martyrs ,or t)e emperor, =3t's all a lie that they left fille( with $raveness an/ joy, crying, 2Aong live t)e emperorQ2 = )e sai/, angrily& =8)ey +ere s)eep at a slaug)ter)ouse& @very-o/y +as loo1ing /o+n an/ tottering& "ome were na$le to stan( p an( were carrie( an( p she( into the plane $y maintenance sol(iers=& 'e- "!, ;##% "ingapore preserves legacy of Japanese $r talities& =8)e (apanese came /o+n an/ too1 over Singapore an/ slaug)tere/ many people& We t)in1 t)at t)e )orror o, t)e +ar is somet)ing +e )ave to remem-er&= 'e- "%, ;##% (apanese 'M 8aro Aso sai/ t)at Japanese Class!/ 'ar Criminals are not criminals accor(ing to Japanese stan(ar(s& 'e- " , ;##% A group, le/ -y Atsu1o Aoyagi, a )omema1er ,rom Miya5a1i Pre,ecture +)o supports several la+suits in "??# ,ile/ -y 9oreans presse/ into military service or ,orce/ la-or, pu-lis)e/ a -oo1 explaining t)e suits in (apanese an/ 9orean& #he gro p plans to ta2e the $oo2 to the %N H man Rights Commission, along +it) a petition calling on (apan to compensate t)e 9orean& 'e- " , ;##% A,ter %" years, Japan finally apologize( for Manila (estr ction in ''33 estimate/ "##,### 'ilipino civilians massacre/ -y t)e (apanese& 'e- ;#, ;##% Man s es Japan firm in China for "lavery compensation, t)e ,irst suit o, its 1in/& 'e- ;B, ;##% JapanMs .M sho l( watch his wor(s& Mar $, ;##% ChongIing $om$ings victims to s e Japan for 3n(iscriminate 7om$ing & Japan was the .3R"# in /sia engage( in "3n(iscriminate 7om$ing= on civilians starte/ in (an "?!; in S)ang)ai, Nanjing, Wu)an, .)ong*ing an/ ot)er .)inese cities& Mar :, ;##% China) Japan in new "hrine row& Mar "#, ;##% Co rt r le( "lave la$or was wrong $ t no re(ress -ecause more t)an ;# years )a/ passe/& 6ut t)e court sai/ +)at t)e (apanese government an/ companies )a/ /one +as unla+,ul& 8)e (apanese companies are 9ajima .orp&, 9umagai Dumi .o&, 8aisei .orp& an/ 8o-is)ima .orp& Mar "$, ;##% Since "??;, 9orean Sex Slaves )ave -een /emonstrating every We/nes/ay in ,ront o, t)e (apanese em-assy in Seoul /eman/ing apology an/ compensation& 8o/ay, t)e slogan at t)e -ac1 rea/s, = 8::th 'e(nes(ay rally =& "?%

Mar ;!, ;##% 8suneo Watana-e, (apanese Me/ia tycoon, c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un, +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance, now calls for clearer war apology $y Japanese premiers, =3t wo l( $e $est for 0arliament to set p a stan(ing committee on war responsi$ility an( e,press its position=& Mar ;B, ;##% China to ref r$ish) e,pan( %nit 895 e,hi$it into peace par2& Mar ;:, ;##% Japan approve( Military se of its space program) $rea2ing another ta$oo& 7n "?%?, t)e (apanese parliament a/opte/ a resolution t)at limite/ t)e use o, space to non< military applications& 3ronically) Japan has alrea(y la nche( ? spy satellites in March ?::9& Mar ;:, ;##% Japanese co rt (ismisse( former Chinese "laves laws it see1ing compensation ,rom (apanese government, Mitsui Mining .o&, an/ Mitsu-is)i Materials .orp& Mar ;?, ;##% Japan complete( its ann al screening of school te,t$oo2s an/ or/ere/ pu-lis)ers to to un/erline (apan2s claim to islan/s claime/ -y its neig)-ours an/ ma1e c)anges li1ely to in,lame tensions& Mar !#, ;##% "&Korea protest over newly revise( te,t$oo2s a$o t #o2to islan( & China lo(ge( a strong protest against Japan an/ reiterate/ China's claim to the *iaoy islan(s, an/ R ssia $laste( Japan's claim to the so th K ril islan(s& Mar !#, ;##% Japan (rops plan to s $mit new %&N& "ec rity Co ncil reform $i( t)is spring& Mar !#, ;##% G: Chinese s es Japan for its in(iscriminate $om$ing of ChongIing civilians -e,ore an/ /uring WW77& Mar !", ;##% 7n .)inese Wu)an University, t)ere are %# c)erry trees plante/ -y (apanese inva/ing ,orces& Some .)inese internet users are no+ (eno ncing the 6: cherries as "sinf l trees" an( "flowers of shame", calling ,or t)e trees to -e uproote/ -ecause t)ey sym-olise (apan2s -rutal invasion& Apr ;, ;##% 8+o senior can/i/ates to -ecome t)e next (apanese prime minister /$e) /so re>ect Chinese (eman( to halt war "hrine visits, calls .)ina a military t)reat, re-u,,s conciliatory gestures over 1as 2 ni "hrine & Apr :, ;##% China to e,pan( (isplay of Japan's 'M* 7iological 895 atrocities& Arp ?, ;##% Japan's opposition lea(er calls war criminals sho l( $e remove( from "hrine& Apr "#, ;##% G lf wi(ens $etween China) Japan& Apr "B, ;##% Japan to revise e( cation laws to promote patriotism) a ta$oo since ''33& Apr "B, ;##% China tones (own anti!Japanese activism& Apr " , ;##% New Japan!China spat over gas& "?

Apr "?, ;##% "ta2es rise in Japan!"&Korea islan( flap& Apr ;", ;##% Germany agrees to open Holoca st archive& Apr ;", ;##% A6 Japanese M0 lawma2ers visite( the 1as 2 ni "hrine inclu/ing % parliamentary secretaries o, t)e 9oi5umi .a-inet& Apr ;!, ;##% Accor/ing to report -y Simon Wiesent)al .entre, 56 Nazi 'ar Criminals were convicte( in ?::4& Since ;##", a total o, B: convictions& Apr ;B, ;##% Japan hopes to grow coral aro n( (isp te( 0acific o tcrop & *isp te@ Roc2 or 3slan( + Apr ;:, ;##% Japanese .oreign Minister #aro /so family's mining company se( tho san(s of Koreans as "laves& His position as ,oreign minister is untena-le& May ", ;##% %" Resol tion H&Res& 84A calls on Japan to accept responsi$ility for "e, "lavery& May B, ;##% Joint .rench!German history te,t$oo2 is to $e nveile( in .rance& Para/oxically, it +as not WW77 provi/e/ t)e main topic o, /e-ate, -ut t)e US role in t)e +orl/ since "?B$& 8)e -oo1 +ill -e on t)e curriculum in 'renc) an/ Derman sc)ools& May ?, ;##% Germany p(ates official list of Jews m r(ere( $y Nazis& 8)e B<volume -oo1, containing "$#,### names o, all 1no+n Derman (e+s 1ille/ in t)e Holocaust +it) ne+ in,ormation ,ollo+ing Derman reuni,ication in "??#& ='e have a moral ( ty to 2eep alive the memory of all the Jewish victims of the Nazi (ictatorship an( pass it to f t re generations&= sai/ 6ern/ Neumann, Derman state minister ,or t)e arts& May "", ;##% UN c)ie, 9o,i Annan recalle/ a =remar1a-le= ceremony in ;##$, in +)ic) lea/ers o, ,ormer WW77 enemies stoo/ si/e -y si/e in Mosco+ to mar1 t)e %#t) anniversary o, War& /nnan hopes one (ay a similar remar2a$le ceremony will $e hel( in /sia& He calle/ ,or a trut),ul )an/ling o, t)e past, noting t)at )istory -oo1s s)oul/ convey ,acts =)onestly an/ clearly=& May "B, ;##% Japan .M #aro /so (eno nce( $y 7ritish former 0o's for his connection to his family's coalmines e,ploite( 5?)::: Korean "laves an( 5:5 7ritish 0o's at its 0os)i1uma pit in t)e sout)ern islan/ o, 9yus)u& Japan or(ere( recor(s (estroye( in 5AG4) $ t 9 amate r historians in Ky sh have (oc mente( what happene( from local so rces& 8)ey ,oun/ t)e +or1ers +ere un/ergroun/ ,or "$ )ours a /ay /ays a +ee1& May " , ;##% W)en Aso visite/ Australia, (i( Japanese .M #aro /so 2now that the father of / stralian .M) /le,an(er *owner) ha( $een a Japanese 0o' in the notorio s Changi >ail in "ingapore+& 7, Alexan/er Do+ner Sr& )a/ -een sent to 9yus)u, as some ;## ot)er Australian PoWs +ere, )e mig)t )ave -ecome a Slave in Aso ,amily coal mine& May ":, ;##% Koiz mi "hrine visits h rt Japan at %N) %N chief Kofi /nnan says& =really stupi/,= sai/ 9oic)i Na1ano, pro,essor o, political science at Sop)ia University in 8o1yo& =goes to 0asu1uni +)ile saying +e also +ant a seat on t)e Security .ouncil& 8)at2s not going to +or1&= "?:

May ;!, ;##% Chinese victims of 'M* Chemical 'eapons see2 more s pport from Japan& Ding S)u+en, ;%, su,,ere/ -urns to muc) o, )is -o/y -y (apanese WMD mustar/ gas in Aug& ;##!& Aiu Hao, "", su,,ere/ -urns to )is legs an/ )an/s -y (apanese WMD mustar/ an/ le+isite gases in (uly ;##B& May ;$, ;##% Koreans want their (ea( relatives' names remove( from 1as 2 ni "hrine lost t)eir case in a 8o1yo court& May ; , ;##% Japan lavishe( HG5: million ai( to 0acific 3slan( nations for #o2yo's $i( of %&N& "ec rity Co ncil& May ;?, ;##% China as2s Japan to ret rn 7alhae mon ment artifact currently )el/ at (apanese imperial palace& May ;?, ;##% 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e notorio s militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ? ;nglish versions title( @ "Kiss Me" , an/ "Kiss Me Girl" , urge people to remem-er (apan2s +ar crimes inclu/ing Nan>ing Massacre an/ "e, "laves& 7t ta1es t)e sylla-les o, eac) +or/ o, t)e (apanese an/ turns t)em into p)onetically similar @nglis) +or/s to support t)e protest o, people +)o are ,orce/ to sing as =a small pillar of opposition in people's hearts=& May !#, ;##% Japanese teacher fine( over national anthem protest& 9atsu)isa 'ujita +)o urge/ parents atten/ing a ;##B gra/uation ceremony to remain seate/ /uring (apanese national ant)em +as ,ine/ N",:##& 8)oug) 'ujita +as ejecte/, a-out A: F of the st (ents remaine( seate( ( ring the song, sc)ool o,,icials sai/& (un ", ;##% Hiroshima memorial honors first 9 Chinese victims& A national memorial ,or Hiros)ima victims )onore/ .)inese casualties ,or t)e ,irst time < ! .)inese Slaves expose/ to searing ra/iation in t)e -last& (apanese government o,,icial 9aori 'uji+ara sai/ s)e /oes not )ave estimates o, )o+ many .)inese +ere in Hiros)ima at t)e time o, t)e attac1& (un , ;##% ;mperor /2ihito gave warning against a ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& (un , ;##% %&"& covere(! p Nazi crimes /uring .ol/ War& (un ?, ;##% 7n Duam, (apanese too1 everyt)ing ,rom )is ,amily except t)e clot)es on t)eir -ac1s& =1o treat an animal $etter than s,= sai/ Sinajana resi/ent 7gnacio San Nicolas, !, +)o +as ? years ol/ +)en t)e (apanese occupie/ Duam, sai/ )e an/ ot)er c)il/ren +ere ,orce/ to +atc) as t)e (apanese -e)ea/e/ ! people in Mangilao& =#hey p t a $ig fear on all of s) that yo have to (o what they want yo to (o) or yo 're (ea(&= (un " , ;##$ Japan appeals co rt (ismisses Chinese "laves laws it& (un ;", ;##% Japan's c rrent foreign minister) #aro /so) receive an appeal to his "honor an( (ecency" in the repayment of "lave (e$t more t)an %# years ol/& 8aro Aso )imsel, ran Aso Mining .o& ,rom "? !< ?, )as never ac1no+le/ge/ )is ,amily company2s illicit employment o, t)ousan/s Slaves an/ PoWs&

"??

(un ;B, ;##% Japan shrine challenge re>ecte(& 8)e court /i/ not a//ress t)at issue o, constitutionality, -ut t)e ju/ge sai/ t)at people mig)t ,eel upset a-out Mr 9oi5umi2s visits, it /i/ not mean t)ey coul/ claim /amages ,rom )im& (un ;:, ;##% Koiz mi lashes o t at critics of his "hrine visits& (un ;?, ;##% 8a1u 0amasa1i, a close ally o, 9oi5umi, sai/ )is "hrine visit may $e nconstit tional& (ul ", ;##% Japan's foreign minister cancels 0o' war ceremony at last min te, an/ )a/ to ma/e it only as a private one& (ul $, ;##$ China may give Japan ntil ?:5? to clean p 'M* Chemical 'eapons& Japan's pro( ce( 8 Million 'M* Chemical $om$s ( ring the 'ar, containe/ mostly mustar/ gas, as +ell as )y/rogen cyani/e, p)osgene, arsenic an/ a -listering agent calle/ le+isite& As many as !##,### WMD -om-s +ere ,oun/ at t)e largest /ump in Har-aling in (ilin& Anot)er ! ,$## WMD -om-s +ere ,oun/ in Mu/anjiang in Heilongjiang province o, .)ina& (ul "", ;##% "low pace of Japan 'M* Chemical 'eapons (isposal& A total o, %:? s)ells an/ -om-s +ere uneart)e/ in Ning2an o, Heilongjiang, o, +)ic) ;"# +ere con,irme/ to -e c)emical +eapons& 8)e joint /igs an/ collections )ave -een going on for A years) so far not a single 'M* Chemical 'eapon has $een (estroye( $y Japan& 7n ;##!, a man +as 1ille/ an/ B! injure/ +)en $ canisters o, (apanese mustar/ gas +ere /istur-e/& (ul ;#, ;##% Hirohito visite( 1as 2 ni shrine E times as ;mperor) last pilgrimage was in 5A84& 7n "? : t)e s)rine2s )ea/ priest secretly ens)rine/ "B .lass<A War .riminals& =#hat's why 3 have since not visite( the shrine= accor/ing to t)e /iaries o, ,ormer palace Dran/ Ste+ar/ 8omo)i1o 8omita& (ul ;", ;##% %nit 895 planne( germ warfare against %&"& after en( of war& (ul ;!, ;##% "chin(ler of Nan>ing& "tory of John Ra$e is to $e ma(e into a Hollywoo( movie& Ca-e2s )ouse, +it) support ,rom )is ,ormer employer Siemens, +ill -e turne/ into a memorial& =Ca-e +as praise/ as a living $o(hisattva, or living saviour, -y t)ose survivors, +)ic) is really high praise in Chinese c lt re,= sai/ Huang Huiying +)o )as +ritten a -iograp)y o, Ca-e& 9)::: Chinese women from Jinling 'omen's %niversity 2nelt $y the roa(si(e in gratit (e +)en Ca-e +as ,inally ,orce/ to leave t)e city early in "?!:& A,ter returning to 6erlin, Ca-e gave lectures a-out t)e massacre an/ trie/ to get Hitler to intervene& He +as arreste/ an/ interrogate/ -y t)e Destapo ,or ! /ays an/ tol/ to s)ut up& A,ter t)e +ar, )e +as /e<Na5i,ie/ an/ +as 1ept alive -y ,oo/ parcels an/ money sent ,rom grate,ul colleagues in .)ina an/ )e /ie/ o, a stro1e in "?$#& (ul ;$, ;##% Germany agrees to open Nazi files which (escri$es how the Holoca st was carrie( o t ,or researc) purposes, not just ,or t)e victim2s ,amilies&

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(ul !", ;##% AOA executive an/ sports<team o+ner, 8e/ Aeonsis -ac1s t)e (oc mentary on "#he Rape of Nan2ing" ! a story a$o t 5? heroes who save( ?4:)::: Chinese from (eath& 7t is no+ near completion +it) a mar1eting slogan: ='hat wo l( yo have (one +=& Aug B, ;##% 8)e ,ront<runner in t)e race to -e (apan2s next Prime Minister, .)ie, .a-inet Secretary "hinzo /$e (eclines to say whether he secretly visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine in April& Aug "#, ;##% Japanese 0rince Mi2asa apologize( to China over war& Japan (isappointe( China ( ring the 5AAE s mmit $y ref sing to se the wor( "apology" in a >oint (eclaration, alt)oug) t)en prime minister 9ei5o O-uc)i apologi5e/ ver-ally& 6ut Prince Mi1asa, -rot)er o, +artime emperor Hiro)ito, )a/ ,irst<)an/ experiences o, t)e +ar as )e +as statione/ as an army o,,icer in t)e eastern .)inese city o, Nanjing ,rom "?B! to early "?BB& He sai/ in "??: to (iang at an imperial palace -an*uet in 8o1yo t)at = 3'm still profo n(ly ashame( of the violence committe( $y the 3mperial Japanese /rmy& 3 want to apologize to the Chinese people,= t)e prince +as *uote/ as saying& Aug "#, ;##% A group o, 8ai+an a-origines le/ -y Aegislator 9ao .)in Su<mei le,t ,or (apan, similar to t)eir last year2s attempt, (eman( Japanese government to remove the names of their ancestors from 1as 2 ni "hrine -ecause t)eir ancestors +ere ,orce/ to ,ig)t ,or t)e (apanese Army& 8)ey +ill also ,ile a ne+ suit +it) a court in Osa1a to )ave t)eir ancestors2 names remove/ ,rom t)e S)rine& Aug "", ;##% .acing the past) em$racing the f t re& Aug "", ;##% 'amilies o, t)e S&9oreans +)o +ere ta1en to (apan as Slaves or conscripte/ into t)e (apanese military /uring War an/ /ie/ in (apan su-mitte/ a letter to the Japanese government as2ing to fin( Korean "laves' an( conscripts' remains& Aug ";, ;##% Japanese protest war "hrine a ?n( (ay& Aug "!, ;##% 'ar shrine target of protests in Japan& Aug "!, ;##% / shrine to Japan's past not worthy of official visit& Aug "$, ;##% Koiz mi set to anger neigh$ors one last time with shrine visit& 7gnoring protests at )ome an/ a-roa/, Koiz mi visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine (rawing protest from China) "&Korea& 7t +as 9oi5umi2s %t) visit as PM, -ut )is ,irst on Aug& "$ t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as Prime Minister& Aug ":, ;##% German me(ia con(emn Koiz mi's shrine visit as a "st $$orn an( st pi( goo($ye=& 8)e .)inese government )a/ remaine/ restraine/ +)ic) +as a sign to (apan2s lea/ers t)at .)ina remaine/ committe/ to its political /ialogue +it) (apan& Aug ":, ;##% A recent a+ar/ +inning /ocumentary = #he /nts" V"/ri no Heitai"W reveals t)e ,act t)at a,ter t)e War, Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that&= 7t is a story a-out )o+ Waic)i O1umura an/ ot)er (apanese sol/iers +ere le,t -e)in/ a,ter WW77 an/ ,oug)t t)e communists /uring t)e Chinese Civil 'ar&

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=#he /llie( powers were accomplices,= sai/ Asa)o Mi5us)ima, a la+ pro,essor at Wase/a University in 8o1yo& =#he Japanese sol(iers fo ght the comm nists so the %nite( "tates (i(n't have to sen( its own troops &&&&&& VChinese CivilW 'ar against China was the first Japan fo ght after ''33& /s many as 44: sol(iers were the first victims &&&&& Japanese government) however) cannot a(mit it &&&&& /t sta2e is not only Japan's $reach of the 0ots(am *eclaration $ t a I estion of war!reno ncing /rticle A& Japan was not (isarme( after all) an( the %&"& 2new it& Mr& -2 m ra is a living witness to that&= Aug ;!, ;##% / Chinese co rt or(ere( ? Japanese a thors an( their p $lisher to pay compensation to a Chinese woman Iia S)u*in +)o survive/ t)e Nanjing Massacre& o, )er ? ,amily mem-ers +ere 1ille/& 8)e court also or/ere/ t)e suspension o, pu-lis)ing o, Matsumura2s -oo1, =A 6ig Dou-t a-out t)e Cape o, Nan1ing= an/ Higas)ina1ano2s -oo1, =A 8)oroug) @xamination o, t)e Nanjing Massacre&= 6ot) +ere pu-lis)e/ in "??:& 7n (apan, t)e 8o1yo District .ourt or/ere/ Matsumura an/ 8en/ens)a to compensate Ai Iiuying, anot)er .)inese Nanjing survivor, in a similar /e,amation suit in ;##;& Ho+ever, t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt up)el/ t)e ruling& Ai /ie/ at :% in ;##B& Aug ;!, ;##% 7itterness remains among * tch) host of Japan imperial family& During +ar, A-out ";,### o, Duc) PoWs /ie/ in captivity, an/ many Dutc) +omen +ere ,orce/ to -ecome Sex Slaves& Aug ;$, ;##% Japan to (elete a 1as 2 ni shrine e,hi$it acc sing %&"& o, engineering a +ar +it) (apan, an/ /iscuss ,urt)er c)anges to t)e glossing over (apan2s +artime )istory relate/ to U&S&& 6ut are unli1ely to a//ress any contentious /isplays relating to t)e (apan2s -rutal invasion o, .)ina, 9orea, an/ Asia& Aug ;%, ;##% More t)an a )un/re/ )istorians, legislators an/ victims o, (apanese occupation from 59 co ntries gathere( in 0hilippines for a 9 (ay for m to (eman( re(ress& Aug ;:, ;##% Koiz mi (enie( his war shrine visits enco rage( nationalism& Aug !#, ;##% "e, "laves' laws it (eman(ing apology an( compensation from Japan re>ecte( $y a #o2yo co rt& 8)e suit )a/ -een ,ile/ -y : .)inese +omen, ; o, +)om /ie/ an/ )a/ t)eir suits ta1en up -y relatives& =Wit) regar/ to t)is unjust /ecision, 7 +ant to as1 i, (apanese people )ave any conscience,= .)en tol/ a ne+s con,erence& Spet ", ;##% 7n .ana/a, 6ritis) .olum-ia Ministry o, @/ucation pu-lis)e/ in ;##", =H man Rights in the /sia 0acific 5A95!5AG4= +)ic) +as /evelope/ -y t)e 6&.& Ministry o, @/ucation in colla-oration +it) 6&.& teac)ers, aca/emics, organi5ations an/ in/ivi/uals& Most .ana/ian text-oo1s a-out t)e WW77 ,ocus on @urope, an/ t)is teac)ers gui/e /eals +it) Asia inclu/ing (apanese Nanjing Massacre, 6iological War,are !", .om,ort Women etc& 8)e contri-utors to t)e teac)ers gui/e inclu/e t)e 7&C& /ssociation for <earning an( 0reserving the History of ''33 in /sia C7&C& /<0H/D , t)e Dreater Gancouver (apanese .ana/ian .iti5ens2 Association )uman rig)ts committee, an/ .ana/ian Geterans an/ Prisoners o, War& 8o vie+ t)is pu-lication online : Clic2 Here& Sept ;, ;##% JapanMs li2ely ne,t haw2ish premier "hinzo /$e& Unli1e 9oi5umi +)o )as accepte/ t)e vali/ity o, t)e 8o1yo trials in +)ic) (apanLs +artime lea/ers +ere ju/ge/, Mr& A-e )as not& A-e use/ to visit 0asu1uni regularly on Aug& "$& 7t is -ecause Mr& A-e is t)e gran/son o, No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of ;#;

commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48& Over t)e years, Mr& A-e supports nationalist sc)olars in t)eir e,,orts to +)ite+as) (apanLs +ar crimes in t)e sc)ool text-oo1s& He )as staunc)ly supporte/ t)e War S)rine visits& He also sai/ t)at (apan s)oul/ revise t)e paci,ist .onstitution +)ic) /oes not allo+ (apan to possess a real army& Sept !, ;##% 9oic)i 9ato, an outspo1en (apanese politician +)ose mot)er2s ho se was $ rne( to the gro n( a,ter )e critici5e/ 9oi5umi2s +ar S)rine visits, +arne/ t)at increasing intimi(ation $y Japnese right!wing e,tremists is casting a chill over free speech in Japan& =8)ere is less ,ree/om t)an -e,ore to express one2s ,eelings,= sai/ 9oic)i 9ato, a onetime senior mem-er o, t)e governing Ai-eral Democratic Party& =3 am one of the few who (ares to say things on the recor(,= )e sai/& Sept " , ;##% (apanese li1ely next )a+1is) PM "hinzo /$e napologetic over war& Sept " , ;##% #o2yo sitting on a gr esome %nit 895 secret& A,ter %# years o, silence, ,ormer +artime nurse 8oyo 7s)ii says s)e an/ colleagues at an army )ospital at t)e site o, t)e 8oyama No& $ apartment -loc1 an/ its near-y par1, +ere or/ere/ to -ury corpses, -ones an/ -o/y parts o, possi-le victims o, 8o1yo2s Unit !" -io<experiments on live PoWs& 7n "?:?, /uring construction o, a Healt) Ministry researc) institute at t)e ,ormer army me/ical sc)ool site in 8o1yo, uneart)e/ /o5ens o, ,ragmente/ t)ig) -ones an/ s1ulls, some +it) )oles /rille/ in t)em or sections cut out& 7n ;##", t)e Healt) Ministry conclu/e/ t)at t)e remains << many o, t)em o, non<(apanese Asians << +ere most li1ely ,rom -o/ies use/ in =me/ical e/ucation= or -roug)t -ac1 ,rom t)e +ar 5one ,or analysis at t)e me/ical sc)ool, t)oug) it ac1no+le/ge/ t)at some intervie+ees )a/ suggeste/ t)ey +ere s)ippe/ ,rom Manc)uria, nort)ern .)ina, +)ere t)e Unit !" +as -ase/& (apan re,use/ t)e repeate/ re*uests ,or DNA tests ,rom relatives o, several .)inese -elieve/ to )ave peris)e/ in Unit !"& Sept ;", ;##% (apanese text-oo1s /o not mention t)e Deat) Marc), t)e Cape o, Manila& W)en (apanese tourists come to t)e P)ilippines, t)ey are appalle/ to learn t)at t)e place +as t)e )ea/*uarters o, t)e /rea/e/ 9empeitai military police an/ its cells once serve/ as torture c)am-ers& 8)e Japanese visitors wo l( say their compatriots wo l( never commit savagery an( stories were ma(e p $y .ilipinos& Sept ;%, ;##% Japanese new 0M /$e's am$itions reflect his past, an unapologetic stance on (apan2s +ar, pus)ing ,or a rene+al o, patriotic e/ucation in pu-lic sc)ools, -ac1ing text-oo1s +)ite+as)ing (apan2s +artime past an/ supporting visits to t)e 0asu1uni s)rine& Sept !#, ;##% Japanese (istrict co rt r le( that a #o2yo metropolitan government or(er compelling teachers to stan( p for Japan's notorio s national flag Hinomar CRising " nD an( sing the notorio s national anthem Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD violate( the Constit tion& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, +)o teac)es civics at a )ig) sc)ool in 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, sai/: = 3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi "wasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it=& Sept !#, ;##% Japan's res rgent nationalism has glo$al ramifications& Oct ;, ;##% /$e eyes /sia trip $ t won't $ (ge on "hrine&

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Oct %, ;##% 1as 2 ni "hrine to review claims that %&"& force( Japan into ''33 ,ollo+ing U&S& government complaints& Oct %, ;##% Japan's new 0M "hinzo /$e insiste( Japanese ''33 lea(ers were N-# "'ar Criminals" &&&&& #hat also was the case for my relative= )e a//e/& His gran/,at)er No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48& Oct "$, ;##% US .ongress +as on t)e verge o, approving a ,irst<o,<its<1in/ resolution urging (apan to ,ormally ac1no+le/ge its responsi-ility ,or t)e enslavement o, more t)an ;##,### Sex Slaves& 7t )a/ more t)an $# Cepu-lican an/ Democratic co<sponsors, inclu/ing t)e only (apanese<American mem-er o, .ongress& =3n one of the most e,tensive cases of h man traffic2ing in the ?:th cent ry) more than ?::)::: women an( girls thro gho t /sia were recr ite( $y force) coercion) or (eception) an( 2ept at the mercy of the Japanese military in s $h man con(itions n(er which they were rape(&&&= sai/ a letter signe/ -y more t)an t+o /o5en la+ma1ers& Japan has pai( H6:):::Jmonth to 'ashington firm of Hogan = Hartson to prevent Resol tion 84A ,rom reac)ing a vote -e,ore t)e House a/journe/ on Oct& "!& Oct ?, ;##% /$e chose China over the %" for his first overseas trip& Oct ":, ;##% EG Japanese M0 incl (ing a top a(viser to 0M "hinzo /$e visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine& /nother A: lawma2ers were represente( $y their ai(es& 8)e over+)elming majority o, t)e visiting parliamentarians +ere mem-ers o, A-e2s ruling ADP& Oct "?, ;##% =3 (i( something cr el &&&&& 3 have a responsi$ility to spea2 the #r th a$o t the war&= sai/ A1ira Ma1ino, :B, a resi/ent o, Hira1ata, Osa1a Pre,ecture& Japanese me(ic a(mits e,perimenting on live victims in 0hilippines& Givisections +ere carrie/ out at a rate o, -et+een once every ! /ays an/ once a ,ortnig)t& Aim-s +ere cut o,,, t)eir -loo/ vessels +ere se+n up an/ t)ey un/er+ent a-/ominal operations& Oct ; , ;##% Japan repels Hong Kong activists in sea show(own & Japanese militarism = *iaoy tai C"en2a2 D islan( !! / Japanese historian's view& Oct !#, ;##% A (apanese court +ill conclu/e )earings over an appeal o, a lan/mar1 court ruling t)at )el/ Japanese Rin2o Corp& an( government responsi$le for compensation to the "laves :: million yen 3USN B?, %%4 in /amages& Oct !#, ;##% Gictims o, U&S& ,ire-om-ing rai/s on 8o1yo in WW77 are among a-out 5:: people to s e Japanese government for starting the 'ar an( ta2ing too long to stop it& =7, t)ey2/ stoppe/ t)e +ar sooner, neit)er t)e ,ire-om-ing nor t)e atomic -om-ings o, Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i 3in Aug& "?B$4 +oul/ )ave ta1en place,= sai/ 8a1etos)i Na1ayama, t)e group2s c)ie, la+yer& Nov ", ;##% Japan's 0M wants to rewrite 'ar!reno ncing constit tion cla se& Nov !, ;##% S)oic)i Na1aga+a, policy c)ie, o, ruling ADP, reiterate/ )is call for a (e$ate on whether Japan sho l( (evelop 'M* n clear weapons an/ la$elle( the Nagasa2i $om$ing a crime&

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Nov :, ;##% / reso rce center of Japan's wartime aggression has opene( in Japan, Saitama Pre,ecture, ex)i-iting /ocuments in +)ic) some !## (apanese veterans con,ess to +artime crimes& Healt) pro-lems )a/ ma/e Hisao 9u-otera, :%, ,rom Ha/ano, 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, one o, t)e Ch 2iren mem-ers +)o respon/e/ to t)e group2s call& He +as reluctant to go out to spea1 until recent moves -y t)e government lea/ing (apan to ma1e t)e same mista1es as it /i/ in t)e pre+ar /ays )ave spurre/ )im to tal1& =3n my local area) there are few people willing to listen to what 3 say) la$eling me a Comm nist& 3'm also sa( that many who have $een to the war remain silent,= )e sai/& =6ut 7 s)oul/ 1eep on tal1ing&&&7 t)in1 this will $e o r long) long fight to preserve peace=& Nov ?, ;##% Opposition soug)t resignation o, Japanese .oreign Minister #aro /so for his calls for a (e$ate on going 'M* N clear& Nov "B, ;##% Germany tries 'Holoca st (enier'& 7, ,oun/ guilty, Dermar Cu/ol, coul/ ,ace up to $ years in prison& 7n 'e- ;##$, 6ritis) revisionist )istorian Davi/ 7rving +as ,oun/ guilty o, /enying t)e Holocaust -y an Austrian court an/ sentence/ to t)ree years in prison& Nov "$, ;##% Japan@ 'M* N clear arms allowe( for (efense& Nov "$, ;##% Chinese "laves s e Japanese government an( companies +)ic) re,use even to pay t)em t)eir unpai/ +artime +ages, muc) less o,,er compensation& M8)e (apanese government -ears responsi-ility ,or our su,,ering, an/ so /o companies,O sai/ 8ang 9unyuan +)o +as +or1er MNo& %%O at a mine )ere o+ne/ -y Mitsu-is)i Mining, no+ 1no+n as Mitsu-is)i Materials, one o, t)e +orl/Ls lea/ing ma1ers o, metal an/ ceramic materials ,or t)e electronics in/ustry& Nov ;$, ;##% Japan's navy con( cte( me(ical e,periments on .ilipinos ( ring war) incl (ing women an( chil(ren, A1ira Ma1ino, :B, a repentant ,ormer navy me/ic statione/ on Min/anao islan/ in t)e P)ilippines /uring t)e +ar, +)o sai/ )e too1 part& Vivisections were carrie( o t at a rate of $etween once every 9 (ays an( once a fortnight& Nov ;%, ;##% =#he #r th of mo(ern Japanese History is now restore(&O X We- site o, t)e 0asu1uni s)rine in 8o1yo& Dec ;, ;##% China filmma2er fin(s wartime "e, "laves& 8)e people in t)e )amlet -urne/ most o, t)eir p)otograp)s o, Dai S)anxi, a ,ormer Sex Slave, an/ all o, )er -elongings -ecause t)ey -elieve/ anyt)ing relate/ to )er +oul/ -ring t)em -a/ luc1& 6ut .)inese ,ilmma1er 6an K)ongyi persevere/ an/ over t)e years, 6an ,oun/ +omen +)o s)are/ )orri,ic stories o, -eing ta1en +it) t)e ;;<year<ol/ Dai S)anxi to a pill-ox in near-y (ingui village, +)ere t)ey +ere rape/ every /ay -y ;# to !# men& = "he offere( herself to the army in or(er to protect other girls,= one +oman sai/& Dec ?, ;##% Having ,aile/ in gov2t suit, 9orean group =Anti<0asu1uni (oint Action= on -e)al, o, t)e ;",### 9oreans memoriali5e/ in 0asu1uni, announce/ t)at it is s ing the 1as 2 ni "hrine instea( of the Japanese government to have family mem$ers' memorial ta$lets remove(& 'amilies in (apan an/ 8ai+an ,ile/ a similar la+suit +it) t)e Osa1a District .ourt in August& Dec ?, ;##% / militarily res rgent Japan is creating nervo s reactions from neigh$o rs& Suc) nationalism )as alrea/y spar1e/ street protests ,rom Japanese teachers who are resisting or(ers to force st (ents to sing the national anthem an( sal te the flag& =7, you ;#$

loo1 at all t)e la+s t)ey passe/ in t)e past ! years, it is preparation ,or +ar li1e +e /i/ %# years ago,= says 0umi 9i1uc)i, a +riter& Dec "#, ;##% Japan inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!< year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is N-# a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & Dec " , ;##% Japan rightists fan f ry over 58 a$( ctions $y N&Korea, ignoring t)e ,act t)at Japan ha( a$( cte( more than ?::)::: of yo ng girls an( women an( enslave( them as "e, "laves , an/ also a$( cte( an( 2i(nappe( Millions of /sians as "laves& Dec ;$, ;##% Japan to I ic2en 'M* Chemical 'eapons clean! p in China& Dec ;$ ;##% China) Japan to hol( tal2s to narrow history gap& A similar joint )istory stu/y -et+een (apan an/ Sout) 9orea too1 ! years an/ t)e ,inal report release/ last year only )ig)lig)te/ t)eir /i,,erences, stating t)e vie+s o, -ot) si/es& ? (ays tal2 en(e( witho t to ching pon sensitive s $>ects li1e t)e Nanjing massacre, an/ agree/ to continue next Marc)& Dec ;:, ;##% Aast summer, 0os)inori 9atori, t)en<'oreign Ministry spo1esman, ac1no+le/ge/ t)at nationalism) most often on the right) ha( $ecome a "new phenomenon" in Japan& Dec !#, ;##% Japan's navy (enie( a report that Japan an( the %" hel( a (rill sim lating a Chinese invasion of (isp te( islan(s& One o, t)e /rills a//resse/ a )ypot)etical .)inese military invasion o, a group o, unin)a-ite/ islan/s calle/ *iaoy in Chinese an( "en2a2 in Japanese t)at -ot) 8o1yo an/ 6eijing claim, 9yo/o Ne+s agency sai/, citing uni/enti,ie/ (apanese an/ U&S& o,,icials& (apan claime/ t)e islan/s in ":?$ +)en it coloni5e/ 8ai+an, -ut t)e US controlle/ t)em a,ter WW77 an/ returne/ t)em to (apan, instea/ o, .)ina, in "? ;& 8ai+an also claims t)e islan/s as its territory&

6?t) 1ear of "o

l "earching

(an !, ;## (apanese<American la+ma1er Congressman Mi2e Hon(a to carry torch calling for Japan to re(ress "e, "lave iss e& (an ?, ;## Germany wants Holoca st (enial to $e ;%!wi(e crime (an ?, ;## Japan la nches first *efense Ministry since ''33& (apan alrea/y )as one o, t)e most po+er,ul Military ,orces in t)e +orl/ +it) one of the worl('s $iggest Military $ (gets at %"H G5 7illion a year& (an "#, ;## 3s Japan a 'estern co ntry or an /sian one + 7n ;##$, it +as reporte/ t)at nearly 8: F of Japanese people tho ght their co ntry was N-# a part of /sia $ t part of of the 'est& ;#%

(an "", ;## Nan>ing wo n(s $lee( 8: years on& (an "B, ;## Rightist threats raise fears in Japan& =Speec) an/ journalism in t)is country are ,acing an extremely /i,,icult situation,= Masato 9itamura, c)airman o, t)e (apan Ne+spaper Pu-lis)ers H @/itors Association, tol/ t)e group2s annual meeting recently& Japan's estimate( 5:)::: ltra!rightists) have $ecome increasingly violent in recent years, t)e National Police Agency sai/ in its annual report last year& W)en ruling party la+ma1er 9oic)i 9ato critici5e/ a prime minister2s trip to 0asu1uni S)rine, retri-ution ,rom (apan2s rig)t<+ing +as s+i,t: An extremist set )is )ouse on ,ire& =Many people are no+ 1eeping t)eir mont)s s)ut& Parliament is not an exception&= sai/ 9ato& (an " , ;## Japan's r ling party ple(ges to contin e visits to 1as 2 ni& 8)e vo+ +as containe/ in t)e policy plat,orm a/opte/ at t)e party2s annual convention& (an " , ;## %&"& organ releases g i(e on Japanese war crime recor(s to )elp researc)ers locate an/ use t)e t)ousan/s o, ,iles in t)e U&S& National Arc)ives relevant to (apanese +ar crimes& 8)e gui/e o, more t)an ", ## pages, ma/e availa-le last +ee1 toget)er +it) a ;B#< page re,erence -oo1, sorts an/ provi/es outlines o, /eclassi,ie/ materials ,rom U&S& agencies t)at pro-e/ (apanese +ar crimes& (an ;;, ;## Japan 1as 2 ni "hrine revises e,hi$its on China saying t)at it )a/ not c)ange/ its vie+ o, )istory, to ma1e its ex)i-its =easier to un/erstan/=& (an ;$, ;## Chinese victims of Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapon s e Japan's government ,or compensation, over t)e sic1ening o, BB people inclu/ing one /ie/ in ;##!, +)en construction +or1ers -ro1e open a -arrel o, WMD poison gas le,t -e)in/ -y (apan in WW77& 7n (apan, t)e government spen/s some ! -illion yen 3USN;B&: millionE F"?&" million4 annually to provi/e ,ree me/ical care an/ ot)er social -ene,its to a-out B,$## (apanese +)o +or1e/ at ! WMD .)emical Weapons ,actories /uring t)e +ar, accor/ing to A1ira 7-ori, one o, t)eir la+yers& (an ;$, ;## Japanese nationalists to ma2e own Nan>ing movie to counter a series o, movies coming out t)is year on its #t) anniversary& (an ;:, ;## Japan's lea(er rges ( mping 0acifism from Constit tion & (an ;?, ;## 8o1yo Hig) .ourt or/ere/ t)e NHK networ2 an( ? companies to pay compensation for (il ting "e, "lave program, a-out a moc1 +ar tri-unal t)at ,oun/ +artime @mperor Hiro)ito guilty o, .rimes against Humanity ,or Sex Slaves& S)in5o A-e, t)en t)e /eputy c)ie, ca-inet secretary, an/ ,ello+ conservative politician S)oc)i Na1aga+a, no+ policy c)ie, o, t)e ruling ADP Party, )ave a/mitte/ as1ing NH9 to -e =neutral= in covering t)e moc1 trial& 6ut Satoru Nagai, a ,ormer NH9 pro/uction sta,,er +)o -le+ t)e +)istle on t)e case, )a/ testi,ie/ t)at A-e /eman/e/ t)at t)e program -e cancelle/& #he Co rts) Japan's "Military Comfort 'omen" an( the Conscience of H manity& (an !#& ;## Japanese co rt re>ects Japanese ''ar -rphan' s it& A-out %,!## a-an/one/ (apanese in .)ina, inclu/ing ;,$## un/er t)e age o, ";, returne/ to (apan since "? ; accor/ing to t)e (apanese Healt) Ministry& Most +ere raise/ -y .)inese +)o 1in/ly a/opte/ t)em&

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'e- ", ;## %" lawma2ers s $mitte( a (raft resol tion (eno ncing Japan for the "e, "laves an/ call on (apan to o,,er an o,,icial apology =s)oul/ ,ormally ac1no+le/ge, apologi5e, an/ accept )istorical responsi-ility in a clear an/ une*uivocal manner=& 7t /escri-es t)e Sex Slaves as =,orce/ military prostitution -y t)e government o, (apan= t)at is =consi/ere/ unprece/ente/ in its cruelty an/ magnitu/e&= H&R;"&5?5 'e- ?, ;## "e, "laves to testify $efore %" Congress, +)ic) +ill /e-ate resolution H&Res& 5?5 calling on (apan to ,ormally apology to More t)an ;##,### Sex Slaves -e,ore an/ /uring t)e War& 'e- "B, ;## 9 "e, "laves #estify /gainst Japan& Australian (an Cu,, O2Herne s)ave/ )er )ea/ to ma1e )ersel, unattractive& S)e punc)e/ an/ 1ic1e/ an/ screame/, even t)oug) it invaria-ly meant s)e receive/ a +orse -eating& =Never (i( any Japanese rape me witho t a fight& 3 fo ght each one of them,= 8)roug) tears, t)e ! +omen at t)e )earing spo1e o, t)eir anger, s)ame an/ /e,iance, an/ o, t)e p)ysical an/ mental scars t)at remain& =7 am so em-arrasse/& 7 am so as)ame/,= sai/ Aee 0ong<soo, =6ut t)is is somet)ing 7 cannot just 1eep to mysel,&&&&& 3 will not leave the Japanese government alone ntil they get (own on their 2nees in front of me an( give me a sincere apology=, s)e sai/& 'e- "B, ;## "& Korean gro p to s e 1as 2 ni "hrine over listing of Koreans& 'e- "B, ;## 7lac2 Gol() Rising " n@ / Review of Gol( 'arriors& re,erre/ to as =0amas)ita2s Dol/=& 8)e intro/uctory note o, t)e -oo1 =sho l( anything o(( happen) we have arrange( for this $oo2 an( its (oc mentation to $e p t p on the 3nternet at a n m$er of sites& 3f we are m r(ere(,= aut)ors +rite, =rea/ers +ill )ave no /i,,iculty ,iguring out +)o 2t)ey2 are&= Dol/ Warriors +iel/s nearly one )un/re/ pages o, annotations, -ac1e/ up -y arc)ival .Ds containing ,urt)er /ocuments, p)otograp)s, maps, letters, an/ tax recor/s, to /eliver a /evastating in/ictment o, t)e (apanese political system an/ its sor/i/ )istory o, corruption an/ +ar crimes& Ai1ene/ to =/ Giant Vac m Cleaner= passing over @ast an/ Sout)east Asia, t)e Seagraves /escri-e )o+ t)e Japanese government) together with -rganize( Crime) systematically loote( the treas ries) $an2s) homes) an( art galleries of 5? /sian co ntries& 8)e procee/s ,rom t)is plun/er, coor(inate( in secret $y the %&"& #r man a(ministration) was se( to finance a covert political action f n( to com$at comm nism) referre( to as the 7lac2 ;agle #r st, ena-ling t)e US government to -uy elections in countries suc) as 7taly an/ Dreece an/ to maintain a one<party plutocracy un/er t)e ADP in (apan& 'e- "%, ;## /t %&"& hearing) "e, "laves re>ecte( Japanese official apologies as an ins lt calling (apan2s Asian Women2s 'un/ in "??$ as =an insult= -ecause t)e money +as ,rom private /onations to s1irt (apan2s state responsi-ility& H&R;"&5?5 =3f yo (on't officially apologize or ma2e compensation) then give me $ac2 my yo th,= sai/ 9im, :", repeating statements s)e ma/e to t)e (apanese parliament more t)an a /eca/e ago& "tatement of Jan R ff on hearing of "Comfort 'omen" 'e- "?, ;## Japan anger at %" "e, "lave $ill sai/ t)e resolution +as not -ase/ on ,acts& 'e- ;B, ;## Japanese movie hono rs 2ami2aze pilots&

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'e- ;B, ;##% *eclassifie( C3/ recor(s reveal %&"& han( in $irth of Japan's right wing& 8)e U&S& association +it) (apanese War .riminals illustrates )o+ %&"& em$race( Japanese nationalist an( conservative forces after 'ar an( helping them reassert their grip on the government once t)e occupation en/e/ in "?$;& ='hen we tal2 a$o t the emergence of neo!nationalism or a strong right wing in Japan to(ay) this has very (eep roots an( it involves a very strong element of /merican s pport,= sai/ (o)n Do+er, )istorian an/ aut)or o, =;m$racing *efeat: (apan in t)e Wa1e o, Worl/ War 77&= 'e- ;%, ;## Japanese me(ical (issection of living prisoners in .ilippine& Mr& A1ira Ma1ino cut open "# 'ilipino prisoners, inclu/ing t+o teenage girls& He amputate/ t)eir lim-s an/ cut up an/ remove/ t)eir livers, 1i/neys, +om-s an/ still -eating )earts ,or no -etter reason t)an to improve )is 1no+le/ge o, anatomy& 8)e lieutenant cut )im open, an/ pointe/ out, YHereLs t)e liver, )ereLs t)e 1i/neys, )ereLs t)e )eartL& #he heart was still $eating) then he c t the heart open an( showe( me the insi(e& #hat was when he (ie(& 'e- ; , ;## @rnst Kuen/el, a Holoca st (enier han(e( a 4!year >ail term $y German co rt& Mar ", ;## "&Korea rges Japan to compensate for past& =3(apan4 s)oul/ stop glori,ying or justi,ying its +rong,ul past an/ ta1e actions sincerely, in accor/ance +it) its conscience an/ internationally accepte/ principles&= Mar ", ;## Japan 0M@ no evi(ence of coercion in Japan's ''33 se, slavery& Mar ;, ;## As t)e #t) anniversary approac)ing, /t least 6 movies a$o t the Nan>ing Massacre are in the wor2s inclu/ing one -y (apanese Satoru Mi5us)ima, +)o runs a (apanese satellite<8G station, to /eny t)e massacre& Mar ;, ;## Japan 0M@ Re>ects JapanMs role in "e, "lavery& Mr& A-eLs statement +as to reject a "??! government statement t)at ac1no+le/ge/ t)e militaryLs role in setting up -rot)els an/ ,orcing, eit)er /irectly or in/irectly, +omen into sexual slavery& A,ter -ecoming PM, in ,act, A-e ,irst sai/ )e recogni5e/ t)e vali/ity o, t)e /eclaration, angering )is conservative -ase& Naria1i Na1ayama toget)er +it) ";# la+ma1ers +ant (apan government to revise t)e /eclaration& Mar !, ;## 'ollo+ing A-e2s remar1s, Rep& Mi2e Hon(a) sai( in a statement that "the overwhelming historical recor( & & & Cma2esD it clear t)at t)e (apanese 7mperial Army ,orce/ as many as ;##,### +omen into sexual slavery /uring t)e Secon/ Worl/ War&= Hon/a, along +it) a group o, po+er,ul House Cepu-licans, is sponsoring legislation calling on A-e to o,,er an o,,icial apology to ,ormer Sex Slaves& Growing chor s slams "e, "laves remar2s & H&R;"&5?5 Mar B, ;## 'acing outrage, Japan 0M to stan( $y "e, "laves apology, an ai/e sai/, -ut /i/ not explain t)e apparent A-e2s /enial t)at coercion +as involve/& Mar $, ;## Japan@ No more apologies to "e, "laves& Mar ?, ;## #he shame Japan cannot (o(ge& (apan )a/ joine/ in G international treaties that $arre( se, al traffic2ing in women an( force( la$o r: t)e 7nternational .onvention ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e 8ra,,ic in Women an/ .)il/ren 35A?54, t)e 7nternational ;#?

Agreement ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e W)ite Slave 8ra,,ic 35A:G4, t)e 7nternational .onvention ,or t)e Suppression o, t)e W)ite Slave 8ra,,ic 35A5:4 an/ t)e Agreement on t)e A-olition o, 'orce/ Aa-our 35A9:4& Mar ?, ;## Survivors o, t)e U&S& ,ire-om-ing o, 8o1yo an/ -ereave/ ,amily mem-ers sue/ t)e (apanese government& 55? Japanese s e( Japan of starting the war an( ref se( to s rren(er, an/ neglecte/ provi/ing ai/ to rai/ victims& Mar "#, ;## Hirohito rel ctant in war with China accor/ing to a /iary 1ept -y a c)am-erlain 9uraji Ogura& Ho+ever, +)en t)e War +as in (apan2s ,avor, t)e emperor )ope/ t)at islan/s capture/ in t)e Sout) Paci,ic +oul/ -ecome part o, (apanese territory& He appears to )ave s+ept asi/e any )esitancy a-out War t)at )e once )a/& =We )ave to -e very care,ul -e,ore entering into +ar, -ut once ,ig)ting starts it )as to -e carrie/ out t)oroug)ly,= t)e emperor is *uote/ as saying& Mar "", ;## "e, "lave history erase( from te,tsL 'A9 personal apology ne,t +& Note t)e 'A9 apology was N;V;R approve( $y Japanese parliament& Mar ";, ;## No tr th an( no reconciliation & JapanMs UComfort 'omenM@ 3t's time for the tr th& Mar "!, ;## Japanese r ling party policy chief "hoichi Na2agawa sai() Japan's military (i( not ,orce +omen into sexual slavery an/ t)e government s)oul/ re<examine a "??! apology&= Mar "!, ;## Congressman Mi2e Hon(a riles Japan over $rothel apology& Hon/a is a %$< year<ol/ (apanese American +)o spent )is c)il/)oo/ in a WW77 internment camp in .olora/o & H&R;"&5?5 Mar "!, ;## Japan co rt ref ses to awar( compensation for in> ries ca se( $y Japanese 'M* Chemical 'eapons& (apan court /i/ ac1no+le/ge t)at (apan illegally a-an/one/ WMD .)emical Weapons in .)ina& Mar "B, ;## #he complicate( history of Korean war criminals& A,ter t)e War, some $, ## +ere punis)e/ as class 6 or . +ar criminals& Among t)em +ere "B: 9oreans convicte/& =8)ey +ere punis)e/ ,or -eing (apanese, -ut +ere rejecte/ ai/ ,or not -eing (apanese&= -y t)e (apanese government& Mar "B, ;## #he #o2yo High Co rt overt rne( a lan(mar2 r ling in ?::G) or(ering the Japanese government an( a company to compensate Chinese "laves& 6ut t)e co rt ac2nowle(ge( that Japan an( Niigata!$ase( Rin2o Corp& ha( acte( illegally an( ha( violate( the h man rights o, t)e "" .)inese, -ut rejecte/ t)e plainti,,s2 /eman/ ,or compensation& Mar "$, ;## "e, "laves still see2ing Japan's apology& W)en Girginia Gillarma2s )us-an/ ,oun/ out, )e +al1e/ out on )er an/ t)eir $ c)il/ren& Many coul/ never marry -ecause o, t)e s)ame, some +ere so -rutalise/ t)ey coul/ never )ave c)il/ren +)ile ot)ers just s)ut t)emselves a+ay ,rom society all toget)er& =Some o, t)em /ie/ a-roa/, some 1ille/ t)emselves ,or +)at t)ey regar/e/ as s)ame t)ey )ave -roug)t to t)eir ,amilies, ot)ers /are/ not to let t)eir ,amily or relatives 1no+ an/ c)ose to -ury t)eir pain an/ agony in t)eir min/s,= Wang sai/& ;"#

Mar "%, ;## Coercion means something (ifferent to Japan's government in ?::8 than it (i( in 5AA9) or 5AG4& Note t)e Japanese 'A9 apology states that "&&&&#he Government st (y has reveale( that in many cases they were recr ite( against their own will) thro gh coa,ing coercion) etc&) an( that) at times) a(ministrativeJmilitary personnel (irectly too2 part in the recr itments&&&&&= Mar "%, ;## German co rt sentence( Holoca st (enier Germar R (olf to ? an( half years in prison& Cu/ol,2s conviction ,ollo+s another Holoca st (enier ;rnst NYn(el who was >aile( for 4 years -y Derman court& Mar "%, ;## Japan 0M /$e repeate( that there was no evi(ence t)at t)e (apan )a/ ,orci-ly recruite/ +omen into Sex slavery& Mar "%, ;## * tch government see2s e,planation from Japan on coercion of "e, "laves& Mar " , ;## %ncomforta$le tr th for Japan& Mar " , ;## "tatement of Jan R ff on hearing of "Comfort 'omen"& mar " , ;## 8)e .ommittee ,or t)e 7nstruction o, A .orrect Gie+ o, History comprise/ o, 55: "o th Korean lawma2ers s $mitte( a written (eman( to /$e thro gh the .oreign Ministry ,or an o,,icially apologi5e an/ to stop /istorting (apan2s )istory text-oo1s an/ start teac)ing (apanese stu/ents a-out (apan2s +ar crimes& Mar " , ;## Japan ref se( to comment on former Japanese 0M 1as hiro Na2asone's memoirs of his service as a naval officer an( he set p a military $rothel /uring War& Mar ":, ;## (apan cannot contain its ,ury over N&9orea2s ,ailure to =sincerely= ,ace up to its role in 1i/napping a )an/,ul o, (apanese civilians /uring t)e .ol/ War an/ ,orcing t)em to teac) (apanese customs an/ language to N&9orean spies& =#he Japanese $ecome very emotional a$o t the a$( ctees $eca se the victims are Japanese&&& 'hat /$e is (eman(ing from N&Korea) an apology an( p nishment for the people who (i( it) sho l( $e the same stan(ar( he applies on comfort women&= says 0os)imi 0os)ia1i, a .)uo University pro,essor an/ co<c)airman o, t)e .enter ,or Cesearc) an/ Documentation on (apan2s War Cesponsi-ility& =8)ey +ere rape/ -y t)e (apanese military,= sai/ 8)omas Sc)ie,,er, t)e U&S& am-assa/or to (apan& Mar ":, ;## 'hat is the (ifference $etween no coercion in recr itment an( the coercion in the comfort stations) which (eprive( "e, "laves of h man rights + #he Japanese ca$inet co ncil is playing with wor(s& (apan is insisting t)at N&9orea s)oul/ ,ree " (apanese +)o )a/ -een 1i/nappe/ -y N&9orea, or it +oul/ not participate in economic ai/ ,or N&9orea t)at +as agree/ to at t)e six<party tal1s& 7 t what a$o t the the ?::)::: "e, "laves 2i(nappe( $y Japan + N&Korea lea(er Kim Jong!il ac2nowle(ge( the 2i(napping of the Japanese& 'hy won't /$e ac2nowle(ge an( apologize for the coercion of "e, "laves + Japan is the Z? in economic power& However) no$o(y agrees that Japan is the Z? worl( lea(er& Mar ":, ;## =We +ant (apan to ac1no+le/ge t)e +artime atrocities an/ put t)eir )istory rig)t& #he chil(ren of Japan sho l( $e ta ght the historical tr th of ''33 history a$o t ;""

the atrocities= sai/ (an O2Herne& 7 t Japan's lea(ers are ma2ing s re the opposite is happening& =8)ey /estroye/ our lives,= sai/ Girginia Gillarama, ='e have no $right tomorrows $eca se of what they (i( to s=& Mar ":, ;## 8)ey say t)at a,ter +ar, t)e losers get t)e gallo+s an/ the winners get to write the History& ;,cept for Japan& Mar ;!, ;## 8)e irony o, (apan calling ,or more transparency a-out t)e a-/uctees -y N&9orea even as it tries to s+eep its o+n past un/er t)e rug& Japan is act ally shooting itself in the foot as it clamors for more information a$o t those 58 a$( ctees $y N&Korea) while $r shing asi(e the iss e of ?::)::: "e, "laves & /$e's (o $le tal2& Mar ;!, ;## Japan ;,!0M Na2asone $ac2s more Japan apologies for wartime se, slavery& Ho+ever, Na2asone claims his "comfort station" was for recreation only& Mar ;!, ;## G am is see2ing compensation from the %&"& government) not from Japan $eca se the %" has forgiven Japan's war (e$ts& 7t calle/ ,or a-out N;## million in compensation an/ grant programs ,or Duam resi/ents, inclu/ing N;$,### payments on -e)al, o, resi/ents +)o /ie/ /uring t)e (apanese occupation an/ smaller payments ,or injury an/ ,orce/ la-or& Mar ; , ;## Japanese co rt re>ecte( a (amages s it file( $y Chinese who so ght compensation from Japan an( a #o2yo company& Mar ;!, ;## Cana(ian M0s have ta$le( a motion that wo l( rge Japan to apologize an( provi(e compensation to t)e Sex Slaves& Mar ; , ;## Japan 0M /$e ref se( to with(raw a recent statement that the military (i( not forci$ly recr ite( "e, "laves) $ t offere( them an 0ersonal apology& His /enial o, state coercion )as /ra+n c)arges o, )ypocrisy, -ecause Mr& A-e +on )is popularity -y c)ampioning t)e cause o, " (apanese allege/ly a-/ucte/ -y N&9orea, ignoring a-/ucting ;##,### Sex Slaves -y (apan& Mar ;:, ;## Japanese historian p $lishe( article in Newswee2 (enies "e, "lave an( Nan>ing Massacre& Hi/ea1i 9ase, a rig)t<+ing (apanese )istorian, +rote: =U&S& Army recor/s explicitly /eclare t)at t)e com,ort +omen +ere prostitutes, an/ ,oun/ no instances o, 21i/napping2 -y t)e (apanese aut)orities&&&&& Many (apanese politicians )ave also come to -elieve t)at t)e Nan1ing Massacre +as a ,a-rication o, t)e .)inese=& Mar ;:, ;## Japan (isp tes %&"& (aily's criticism of /$e over "e, "lave iss e& Mitsuru 9itano, t)e em-assy2s minister ,or pu-lic a,,airs, tol/ 're/ Hiatt, t)e U&S& /aily2s e/itorial page e/itor, -y p)one t)at t)e e/itorial +as premise/ on a =mista1en= vie+& 7n t)e piece entitle/ = "hinzo /$e's *o $le #al2= pu-lis)e/ in Was)ington Post critici5e/ A-e2s attitu/e on t)e issue, comparing it +it) )is ent)usiasm ,or resolving N&9orea2s a-/uctions o, (apanese nationals an/ re,using /iscussions +it) N&9orea until it provi/es in,ormation on a-/uctees certi,ie/ -y t)e (apanese government& Mar ;?, ;## Minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary, entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= s)o+ t)e Japanese Government was involve( in (isc ssions with 1as 2 ni "hrine officials aro n( 5A4E) reache( an agreement that 5? Class!/ 'ar ;";

Criminals sho l( $e ma(e eligi$le for enshrinement) "while avoi(ing any anno ncement=& Anot)er /ocument /ate/ April "?$:, Japanese Health an( 'elfare Ministry rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to list the names of h n(re(s of lower!ran2ing Class!7 an( Class!C 'ar Criminals& =How a$o t enshrining them in a way that wo l( $e har( to (iscover += a /ocument *uote/ an unname/ o,,icial as saying, accor/ing to t)e 0omiuri S)im-un& =J (ging from the (oc ments) it was the Health Ministry that ma(e the first move,= sai/ .)i,uyu Hiyama, an o,,icial at t)e National Diet 3parliament4 Ai-rary t)at pu-lis)e/ t)e ",;##<page -oo1& #he Health Ministry) provi(e( a list containing the names of e,ec te( Class!/ criminals) incl (ing wartime lea(er Hi(e2i #o>o, accor/ing to a (anuary !", "?%?, 0asu1uni /ocument& Class!/ criminals "can $e honore(" $ t the process m st $e carrie( o t secretly, t)e s)rine /ocument sai/ citing an agreement +it) t)e ministry& =Announcement s)oul/ -e avoi/e/,= it a//e/& 8)e -oo1 =confirme( the government's initiative to enshrine war criminals thro gh active interaction with the shrine=, sai/ 9oic)i Na1ano, an associate pro,essor o, political science at 8o1yo2s prestigious Sop)ia University& Mar !#, ;## Japanese aca(emics an( lawyers to co nter Japanese atrocity (eniers, +ill )ol/ symposiums in "# countries to expose (apanese +ar crimes& Mar !", ;## Japan co rt (ismisses a$an(one( Japanese war orphan laws it& 8)ousan/s o, (apanese c)il/ren +ere a-an/one/ in .)ina as t)eir (apanese parents ,le/ to escape t)e approac) o, ,ormer Soviet troops at t)e en/ o, t)e War& Many (apanese c)il/ren +ere later a/opte/ -y .)inese citi5ens& Mar !", ;## Japan or(ers history $oo2s to revise passages on force( Gro p " ici(es in -2inawa, +ill no longer ac1no+le/ge t)at t)e (apanese Army +as responsi-le ,or a major atrocity in O1ina+a& 8)e )ig) sc)ool text-oo1s say t)e (apanese army )an/e/ out grena/es to resi/ents on t)e sout)ern islan/ o, O1ina+a an/ or/ere/ t)em to 1ill t)emselves rat)er t)an surren/er to t)e Americans& 8)e @/ucation Ministry sai/ t)ere +as no /e,initive evi/ence t)at t)e suici/es +ere or/ere/ -y t)e army& A-out ;##,### (apanese civilians an/ sol/iers /ie/& 7t +as only in t)e late "?t) century t)at (apan o,,icially annexe/ O1ina+a, a 1ing/om t)at, to t)is /ay, )as retaine/ some o, its o+n culture& During War, +)en many O1ina+ans still spo1e a /i,,erent /ialect, (apanese troops treate/ t)e locals -rutally& Mar !", ;## Japan ha( p nishe( 94 teachers for not stan(ing p to honor the militaristic national anthem ( ring gra( ation ceremonies& ! o, t)e teac)ers +ill -e suspen/e/ ,or up to % mont)s, "; receive/ pay cuts an/ ;# +ere given +arnings& 8)e militaristic M9imigayoO +as a imperial military song /uring War an/ +as a/opte/ as t)e (apanese national ant)em in "???& 8)e latest action )as -roug)t to 9E5 the total n m$er of teachers repriman(e( in #o2yo ,or resisting the or(er to sing& Mar !", ;## #o2yo is all /lone& Mar !", ;## 3n Japan) a historian stan(s $y proof of "e, "lavery& Apr !, ;## Mem-ers o, t)e Japan /cton Networ2 ,or t)e 2.om,ort Woman2 7ssue, accompanie/ -y ! Diet representatives, su-mite/ letters of protest against 0M /$eMs series of statements (enying (apanese governmental involvement in coercing t)e com,ort +omen into sex slavery& 8)ey also raise/ concern over e,,orts to revise t)e "??! MKono "tatement=&

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Apr "", ;## 8)e former presi(ent of the Japan 7ar /ssociation criticize( Japan for (enying the force( "e, "lavery& =8)oug) (apanese politicians are calling ,or a reinvestigation, it +oul/ -e meaningless unless it is -ase/ on meticulous researc)& 3t is far! fetche( that they $elieve the victims were not coerce( only $eca se official recor(s (onMt say the wor( Ucoerce&M= He as1s (apan to open p store( recor(s on 'comfort women'& Apr "B, ;## "&Korea tells Japan it regrets (elay in tal2 on han(over of Korean remains& A list 1ept -y t)e (apanese Healt), Aa-or an/ Wel,are Ministry s)o+s t)at t)e remains -elieve/ to -e o, ","!$ 9orean servicemen an/ civilian employees o, t)e ,ormer (apanese military are at t)e 0utenji temple in 8o1yo2s Meguro War/& Apr "%, ;## %" Congressional Research "ervice CCR"D report conclu/e/ t)at (apan2s +ar crimes ac1no+le/gments )as -een +ea1ene/ in t)e eyes o, many -y relate/ controversies over (apan2s )istoric recor/, e&g& 9oi5umi2s visits to 0asa1uni S)rine, History text-oo1, an/ statements -y in/ivi/ual (apanese political lea/ers& =A-e government2s /enial o, any evi/ence o, military coercion in recruitment goes against t)e testimony ,ormer com,ort to (apanese government researc)es +)o compile/ t)e "??;<"??! government report an/ t)e testimony o, ,orce/ recruitment -y nearly ;## ,ormer com,ort +oment ,rom /i,,erent Asian countries an/ t)e Net)erlan/s o, t)e B## plus testimonies cite/ in 1 2i #ana2a's $oo2) Japan's Comfort 'omen=& Apr "%, ;## Newly (iscovere( (oc ments show Japan (irecte( "e, "lavery@ historian& Hiro,umi Hayas)i, a pro,essor o, )istory at 9anto Da1uin University ,oun/ items +)ile com-ing t)roug) t)e massive store)ouse o, /ocuments su-mitte/ /uring t)e "?B%<"?B: =8o1yo 8rials= o, +ar criminals& One /ocument, +ritten -y Dutc) prosecutors an/ /ate/ Marc) "!, "?B%, *uote/ a (apanese civilian employee o, t)e (apanese army +)o sai/ an o,,icer ma/e local +omen in occupie/ 6orneo stan/ na1e/ an/ slappe/ t)em in t)e ,ace& ='e (etaine( them n(er or(ers of the chief sec rity officer to fin( e,c ses to p t them into $rothels,= t)e (apanese employee +as *uote/ as saying, accor/ing to Hayas)i& Anot)er /ocument also inclu/es testimony -y a (apanese lieutenant, +)o sai/ t)e army ,orce/ +omen into sexual slavery on 7n/onesia2s Moa islan/& =7t says t)at it was in retaliation for local villagers who attac2e( the Japanese force,= )e sai/& =#he army 2ille( G: villagers an( p t 6 of their (a ghters into $rothels&= =one o, t)e % agree/ to t)e /eman/s t)at s)e +or1 at a -rot)el, +)ile $ ot)ers re,use/= -ut +ere ,orce/& Apr " , ;## Japanese /ca(emics claim proof Japan force( "e, "lavery& Hiro,umi Hayas)i, a pro,essor at 9anto<Da1uin University, presente/ several /ocuments o, t)e 8o1yo +ar crimes tri-unal as a//itional evi/ence to prove t)at t)e (apan military 1i/nappe/ +omen to serve as Sex Slaves& =3t is a great mystery why the Japanese government ignores these (oc ments,= Hayas)i sai/, pointing out t)at (apan )a/ signe/ peace treaties t)at en/e/ t)e +ar& 0os)ia1i 0os)imi, a )istory pro,essor at .)uo University, sai/ t)e (apanese +artime government an/ t)e military +ere responsi-le, (apan s)oul/ o,,er an apology clearer t)an t)e "??! statement& =3t's shoc2ing that there are no statements iss e( n(er a ca$inet (ecision or approval regar(ing the comfort women,= 0os)imi sai/& =8)ese are o,,icial /ocuments compile/ -y various nations, an/ t)e ver/ict also confirme( that women were coerce(& "ince Japan accepte( the #o2yo war crimes trial ver(ict in signing the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty) it cannot ignore the significance of these (oc ments,= sai/ Hiro,umi Hayas)i, a political science pro,essor at 9anto Da1uin University&

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Apr ;#, ;## Japan government sai( it accepte( "e, "lavery ver(ict in post!war trials& Apr ;#, ;## ;,!e( cation minister@ Japan's "e, "lavery allegation $ase( on fa$rication& Apr ;;, ;## #he 7 r(en of Japan& Apr ;%, ;## %&"& troops ignore( Japan's "e, "lavery) se( Japanese $rothels after war& 8)e ,irst CAA -rot)el, calle/ 9omac)ien < 8)e 6a-e Dar/en < eac) +oman service/ ,rom "$ to %# clients a /ay& American )istorian (o)n Do+er, in )is -oo1 =;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33= says t)e ,ee +as "$ yen or a-out a /ollar& US lea/ers)ip provi/e/ t)e (apanese government +it) penicillin ,or com,ort +omen servicing occupation troops, esta-lis)e/ prop)ylactic stations near t)e CAA -rot)els& A *ec& 6) 5AG4) memoran( m from <t& Col& H gh Mc*onal() a senior officer with the 0 $lic Health an( 'elfare *ivision of the occ pation's General Hea(I arters) shows %" occ pation forces were aware the Japanese comfort women were often coerce(& Apr ; , ;## Japanese " preme Co rt overt rne( a lan(mar2 r ling that ha( or(ere( a Japanese company to pay "laves of ''33& 7n ;##B, t)e Hiros)ima Hig) .ourt or/ere/ (apanese construction ,irm Nis)matsu .onstruction to pay a total o, ; &$ million yen 3N;!#,###4 to a $ .)inese in compensation ,or slavery in (apan& 8ens o, t)ousan/s o, .)inese an/ 9oreans +ere -roug)t to (apan -e,ore an/ /uring +ar as Slaves& Apr ; , ;## Japan " preme Co rt@ No war re(ress for "laves an( "e, "laves, Cig)ts voi/ -ut a-uses a/mitte/, =.)inese people )ave lost t)eir rig)ts to ju/icially claim +ar compensation ,rom (apan, (apanese people or its companies= un/er t)e "? ; (apan<.)ina (oint .ommuni*ue=& .)ina /eclare/ it =renounces its /eman/ ,or +ar reparations ,rom (apan&= 8)e /eclaration, )o+ever, /i/ not speci,ically re,er to in/ivi/ual rig)ts to claim& Ce,erring to anot)er plainti,,, :<year<ol/ Song (iyao, +)o -ecame -lin/ in an acci/ent +)ile -eing ,orce/ to +or1 un/er severe con/itions, Au sai/: =Ho+ can t)e top court )an/ /o+n suc) a ruling ,acing Mr& SongF=& Japan's " preme Co rt phel( a r ling (enying compensation to ? former "e, "laves& Apr ;:, ;## JapanMs " preme co rt (enies compensation to former "e, "laves an( "lave la$orers from China $ t ac2nowle(ge( that they ha( $een coerce( $y the Japanese military or in( stry, *uas)ing /o5ens o, similar cases t)at )ave -een +or1ing t)eir +ay t)roug) t)e lo+er courts in recent years -ecause o, a "? ; joint statement in +)ic) 6eijing renounce/ +ar reparations ,rom (apan& ChinaMs .oreign Ministry (eno nce( the r lings) (escri$ing them as Tillegal an( invali(S an( calling the co rtMs interpretation of the 5A8? statement as Tar$itraryS& M7 /i/nLt even get pai/,O sai/ S)ao 0ic)eng, :;, at a ne+s con,erence, M7 +as just ma/e to +or1& 8)e least 7 +ant is to get my +ages& 7 +ant justice&O Accor/ing to t)e court, (apanese sol/iers too1 54!year!ol( girl [ a virgin who ha( yet to have her first perio( [ was rape( repeate(ly for ? wee2s -y sol/iers, inclu/ing t)e comman/ing o,,icer, t)e court sai/& Her ,amily o-taine/ )er release, -ut sol/iers 2i(nappe( her again) confining her an( raping her repeate(ly, t)e court sai/& 8)e 59!year!ol( [ also a virgin who ha( yet to have her first perio( [ was 2i(nappe( an( rape( repeate(ly for G: (ays /escri-e/ -y t)e court&

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8os)ita1a Ono/era, t)e lea/ la+yer ,or t)e .)inese plainti,,s, sai/ t)at (espite the r lings against them) the " preme Co rt ha( now esta$lishe( the historical recor() incl (ing the militaryMs (irect coercion of women into "e, "lavery& Accor/ing to (apanese government /ata, a-out !:,?!$ .)inese men +ere "lave( in Japan in 594 sites for 94 companies) ?? of which are still in $ siness& O, t)e total, %,:!# men, or nearly 5E F (ie( in a little more than a year $eca se of $r tal wor2ing con(itions& Co ntless others (ie( after their capt re in China or ( ring their transit to Japan& Apr ;:, ;## 6: years later) pain still fresh for "e, "laves& S)e2s : years ol/, -ut ,or Aee 0oung<soo, li,e as s)e 1ne+ it en/e/ at age "$ +)en (apan ,orce/ )er to -e a Sex Slave ,or ! years& S)e once trie/ to escape an/ )i/ in a cave, -ut (apanese sol/iers ,oun/ )er, -eat )er an/ torture/ )er until s)e lost consciousness, s)e sai/& Apr ;:, ;## /$e apology over "e, "laves goes only so far& US congressional lea/ers )ave -een consi/ering a -ill H&R;"&5?5 urging t)e (apan to issue a ,ormal apology& 8)e -ill H&R;"&5?5 co<sponsore/ -y ?# ot)er mem-ers -ut oppose/ -y t)e 6us) a/ministration& A-e )as apologi5e/ ,or t)e +omen2s 2pain,ul situation2, )e )as stoppe/ s)ort o, ac1no+le/ging (apan2s role in 1i/napping t)e +omen an/ coercing t)em into military -rot)els& Some congressional representatives sai/ )is remar1s /i/ not go ,ar enoug)& 8)e /ispute overs)a/o+e/ A-e2s visit as protesters gat)ere/ outsi/e t)e W)ite House an/ a 9orean American organi5ation pu-lis)e/ an open letter in 8)e Ne+ 0or1 8imes critici5ing (apan2s re,usal to ,ormally an/ 2une*uivocally2 apologi5e& ='e wo l( li2e the Japanese government to offer the victims of se, slavery an official apology en(orse( $y the ca$inet an( passe( $y 0arliament& 'hy sho l( the presi(ent of the %&"& accept the prime ministerMs apology + He wasnMt a victim of "e, "lavery&= sai/ Mi1e Hon/a +)o is spear)ea/ing -ill H&R;"&5?5& May B, ;## 0rotests as Japan's 0M rges new constit tion& 8)ousan/s o, (apanese paci,ist activists rallie/ to protest against t)e conservative premier2s call ,or revising t)e a-solute paci,ism o, t)e post<+ar constitution& =We oppose a revision t)at ma1es t)e constitution +orseQ We are against policies t)at ma1e t)is country involve/ in US<le/ +arsQ= /emonstrators c)ante/ in a para/e t)roug) Din5a s)opping /istrict in 8o1yo& (apanese Parliament is set to pass legislation on rules ,or a national re,eren/um on re+riting t)e constitution < a move li1ely to anger Asian neig)-ours +)o su,,ere/ un/er (apan2s +artime aggression& 8)e c rrent constit tion $ars Japan from sing force as a way to settle international (isp tes) altho gh Japan s2irts the r le $y calling its military army ""elf! *efence .orces"&

Comparison ! Germany vs Japan

No other nation on the ;arth has loo2e( into the evils of war crimes an( wor2e( so har( to come to terms with them than Germany& Dermany2s +illingness to con,ront t)e past sets Dermany apart ,rom all ot)er countries& 7n t)e past % /eca/es, Dermany )as gone to great lengt)s to ma1e restitution& 7t )as pai/ -illions o, /ollars in compensation an/ trie/ t)ousan/s o, its citi5ens ,or t)e massacre& Dermany2s ac1no+le/gment o, its +ar crimes an/ its sensitivity to t)em )ave -een seemingly en/less& 7t +as Dermany2s long re)a-ilitation& No+ it is seen more as t)e re-irt) o, Dermany& ;"%

8)e s ccess of this (eca(es!long national process was clearly (emonstrate( ( ring the 'orl( C p -y t)e return o, nationalism t)at +as vie+e/ as joy,ul, play,ul, )ealt)y -ut not in any +ay t)reatening, not in any +ay re,lective o, /ar1er impulses& #o the rest of the worl() the comparison $etween Japan an( Germany is as clear as the ;mperor's new clothes& 6ac1 in Sept "???, t+o ,e/eral courts in Ne+ (ersey rule/ in ,avor o, a Derman company -arring claims o, a Slave la-orer& Nonet)eless, Dermany an/ its in/ustry recogni5e/ t)eir responsi-ility an/ continue/ to negotiate& 8)oug) t)e Na5i regime lost t)e +ar, Derman companies pro,ite/ ,rom Slave la-or& German in( strial wealth was 58 times larger /fter the war than in 5A9A -y using Slave la-orers accor/ing to economic )istorian Dietric) @ic))ol5& =We +ere treate/ +orse t)an Slaves, you try to 1eep Slaves alive& We +ere li1e san/paper: use/, t)ro+n a+ay an/ -urnt +it) t)e gar-age&= 7n August ;###, t)e .o n(ation "Remem$rance) Responsi$ility an( the . t re" was create( $y the German Government an( German companies in recognition o, Dermany2s moral responsi-ility to+ar/s t)ose su-jecte/ to Slave la-our /uring t)e WW77& 8)e 'oun/ation +as en/o+e/ +it) Slave 'un/s o, H4&55 7illion ; ros) provi(e( in eI al parts $y the German government an( a$o t 6)::: companies o, Derman 7n/ustry& Austria )as also a / strian Reconciliation . n( an( has pai( nearly H94: million to "!;,### slaves or t)eir ,amilies, enslave/ -y t)e Na5i +ar mac)ine in Austria& 7n late ;###, an am-itious Japanese *iet propose( a similar f n( to compensate "laves) closely patterne( on the German e,ample& %nfort nately) it went nowhere& =7 pay tri-ute to all t)ose +)o +ere su-jecte/ to slave an/ ,orce/ la-or un/er Derman rule, an/ in t)e name o, t)e German people $eg forgiveness,= sai/ (o)annes Cau, Derman presi/ent in ;###, ='e will not forget their s ffering&= 8o /ate, -ver 5&69 Million "lave victims have receive( compensation ,rom Dermany& 8)ere is also a 0olish!German Reconciliation . n( ,or Poles +)o +ere use/ as )uman guinea pigs in pseu/ome/ical experiments -y t)e Na5is& Germany has also pai( o t nearly 5&E 7illion mar2s on t)e -asis o, special -ilateral agreements conclu/e/ in "??" an/ "??! +it) Polan/, Cussian 'e/eration, U1raine an/ ;"

6elarus 3W)ite Cussia4 << even tho gh in 5A49 0olan( an( "oviet %nion each reno nce( any f rther reparations payments from Germany& @ven pro,esse/ Neutral Nations li1e S+e/en an/ S+it5erlan/ )ave )a/ t)e courage to ta1e a pain,ul loo1 -ac1 at t)eir WW77 recor/E 5&?4 7illion "wiss 7an2s "ettlement signe/ in "??? -y t)e S+iss -an1s& @ven -e,ore Dermany set up its Slave re/ress ,un/, Merce(es 7enz ha( vol ntarily researche( the company's wartime role an( compensate( force( wor2ers& =S)oul/ not (apanese companies also )ave t)e sel,<a+areness to at least properly researc) t)eir o+n )istories F= NH9 as1e/& =Can these Japanese corporations move into China an( (evelop their $ sinesses while leaving their past ne,amine( += Can Japan $e allowe( to (o any less + Davi/ Harris sai/ =#hose nations who hi(e $ehin( the legal technicality will ltimately fin( that the wall comes t m$ling (own=& 3n Germany) it is a crime to tter what is calle( "the / schwitz lie" ! (enial of the (eath camps& German lea(ers consistently apologize for their past aggression in the clearest possi$le terms& 'ormer Chancellor 'illy 7ran(t once even fell to his 2nees at t)e site o, t)e "?B! Warsa+ D)etto Uprising on Dec , "? # in Polan/ in tri-ute +it) t)e tmost sincerity to t)ose +)o )a/ /ie/ t)ere at t)e Na5i )an/s& Alt)oug) he spo2e N- wor(s) $ t 7ran(t's historic th n(ering silent apology was the most powerf l wor(s ever spo2en for the worl( peace an( reconciliation& .or that) Germans have won $ac2 the worl('s high respect& Willy 6ran/t2s ne+ Ostpoliti1, on /ealing +it) Dermany2s )istory in a serious +ay )a/ earne/ 6ran/t t)e 0eace No$el 0rice in "? "& "ym$olically) one in(ivi( al German 2nelt (own) h m$ly & "pirit ally) whole German nation stoo( p again) hono ra$ly& 3n a star2 contrast) sym$olically) one in(ivi( al Japanese stoo( there worshipping) st $$ornly & "pirit ally) whole Japanese nation 2nelt (own) shamef lly& W)en 6ran/t /escri-e/ t)e moment, =On t)e a-yss o, Derman )istory an/ carrying t)e -ur/en o, t)e millions +)o +ere mur/ere/, 3 (i( what people (o when wor(s fail them&= 7n ;###, t)e t)en Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er recalle/ 6ran/t2s )eroic act an/ sai/: ='e committe( crimes an( we confess to these crimes&= ;":

Dermany )as also ma/e generous acts o, atonement& .rom 5A45 to 5AAE) Germany has alrea(y pai( More than 5:? 7illion mar2s C%" H 65&E 7illionD) in fe(eral government reparation payments to 3srael an( #hir( Reich victims& 7n "?%!, presi/ent .)arles /e Daulle o, 'rance an/ c)ancellor 9onra/ A/enauer o, West Dermany signe/ a )istoric treaty +)ic) reconcile/ t)ese )istoric enemies& Wit)out t)is, it is /ou-t,ul +)et)er t)e ; ropean %nion C;%D coul/ )ave -een ac)ieve/& On (an& ;", "?? , a joint reconciliation treaty +as signe/ t)at Dermany apologi5e/ ,or Hitler2s invasion o, t)e ,ormer .5ec)oslova1ia, an/ .5ec) expresse/ regrets ,or t)e post+ar expulsion o, ;&$ millions o, Su/eten Dermans& Germany is still paying o t pension to some 5&?4 7illion mar2s C%" H 84 MillionD to 5:6)::: pensioners in 3srael) %&"&) Cana(a an( other co ntries& German has ma(e Jan ary ?8th a national Holoca st Remem$rance *ay for the victims of the Holoca st since "??%& 8)e /ate +as c)osen to mar1 (an& ; t), "?B$, t)e /ay Soviet sol/iers li-erate/ t)e Ausc)+it5 concentration camp& On May "#, ;##$ Dermany opens a new Holoca st memorial sout) o, t)e lan/mar1 6ran/en-urg Date in 6erlin, mar1ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, t)e en/ o, +ar& = #o(ay we open a memorial that recalls Nazi Germany's worst) most terri$le crime &&&&= sai/ parliamentary presi/ent Wol,gang 8)ierse& He a//e/ Germany now "faces p to its history=& 3n schools) Germany has hammere( st (ents with anti!Nazi e( cation an( the concept of Nivilco rage& 7n (apan, =8eac)ers are a,rai/ o, criticism ,rom t)e parents or a/ministration,= sai/ Mr& Haru1i Mura1ami, a (apanese +riter& He /escri-es )is o+n experience in )ig) sc)ool& Japanese history was a$r ptly c t off aro n( 5A?4, +)en class time +as up ,or t)e year& At +)ic) point t)e teac)er tol/ t)e class: =Please rea/ t)e remain/er on your o+n,= Mr& Mura1ami says t)at suc) )ig)<sc)ool experiences +ere common& German st (ents are also reI ire( to visit former concentration camps as part of their Holoca st st (ies& German e( cation reI ires an average of 6: ho rs of teaching the history of the Nazi era +it) t)e goal o, exposing t)e sins o, t)e past& (apanese text-oo1s )ave al+ays -een care,ully controlle/ an/ +)ite+as)e/ -y t)e (apanese government&

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Derman Dovernment )as -oug)t a ,ormer la-or camp near 6erlin to open a memorial to commemorate "lave la$orers in ;##%& German government has ma(e (isplaying the "wasti2a an( other Nazi sym$ols illegal in Germany& Now German politicians have calle( for Nazi sym$ols to $e $anne( thro gho t ; rope& Derman government passe/ a -ill to restrict rallies -y neo<Na5is an/ allo+ courts to impose sentences o, as muc) as 9 years in prison or a fine on anyone fo n( g ilty of approving) glorifying or > stifying the Nazi regime in pu-lic& Germany now wants Holoca st (enial to $e ;%!wi(e crime& Germany tries 'Holoca st (enier'& 7, ,oun/ guilty, Dermar Cu/ol, coul/ ,ace up to $ years in prison& 7n 'e- ;##$, 6ritis) revisionist )istorian Davi/ 7rving +as ,oun/ guilty o, /enying t)e Holocaust -y an Austrian court an/ sentence/ to ! years in prison& 7n Dermany, ,amily lin1s alone /o not /is*uali,y citi5ens ,rom pu-lic o,,ice& 6ut t)ey are expecte/ to show atonement or ma2e amen(s& -therwise) wo l( N-# $e a(mitte( to any German government office& Ho+ever, in (apan, /$e "hinzo) is now consi(ere( the front r nner to replace Koiz mi as 0M later t)is year& He is t)e son o, ,ormer ,oreign minister S)intaro A-e +)o +as implicate/ in t)e Cecruit insi/er tra/ing an/ -ig corruption scan/al in "?:#s& He is also t)e gran/son o, No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48) an( was also the fo n(ing father of the c rrent (ominate( <*0 0arty& (apanese current 'oreign Minister 8aro Aso, anot)er ,ront runner to replace 9oi5umi, )as a /irect lin1 to family's mining company se( tho san(s of Koreans an( 0o's as "laves& 8aro /so himself ran the firm from 5A89!8A) has never ac2nowle(ge( his family company's enslavement& 8)e ; can/i/ates "hinzo /$e an( #aro /so ref se to halt war "hrine visits& 8)ey gave t)eir reason in .e$ ?::6 in Ao+er House -u/get committee meeting t)at Japanese Class!/ 'ar Criminals are not criminals accor(ing to Japanese stan(ar(s& Germany also p(ates official list of Jews m r(ere( $y Nazis& 8)e B<volume -oo1, containing "$#,### names o, all 1no+n Derman (e+s 1ille/ in t)e Holocaust +it) ne+ in,ormation ,ollo+ing Derman reuni,ication in "??#& ='e have a moral ( ty to 2eep alive the memory of all the Jewish victims of the Nazi (ictatorship an( pass it to f t re generations,= sai/ 6ern/ Neumann, Derman state minister ,or t)e arts&

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Germany also agrees to open Nazi files which (escri$es how the Holoca st was carrie( o t ,or researc) purposes, not just ,or t)e victim2s ,amilies& German government has even offere( its formal apology for the colonial!era massacre of Herero tri$e in Nami-ia )appene/ 5:: years ago& /(olf Hitler was gasse( in ''3) therefore 2ept any notion of 'M* Chemical or 7iological weapons from $eginning in Germany& W)en Derman G" an/ G; roc1ets )it @nglan/, 6rits +orrie/ t)at t)ey mig)t contain WMD .)emical or 6iological agents& 8)ey never /i/& Oliver Caag is one o, many Germans (oing vol nteer wor2 in 3srael to atone for the (ee(s of their parents an( gran(parents& S)e is a Derman geriatric nurse +)ose gran/,at)er transporte/ /isa-le/ (e+s an/ ot)er Dermans to a gas c)am-er& =8)e more 7 learne/ a-out t)at perio/ in Derman )istory, t)e more 7 +ante/ to come )ere to s)o+ t)at t)ere are ot)er Dermans +)o are not li1e t)e Na5is,= %N General /ssem$ly hel( a special session mar2ing 6:th anniversary of li$eration of Holoca st Nazi (eath camps for .irst #ime& 9o,i Annan sai/, =7t is essential ,or all o, us to remem$er) reflect on) an( learn from what happene( 6: years ago&&&&&&=& =3 e,press my shame over those who were m r(ere(, an/ -e,ore t)ose o, you +)o )ave survive/ t)e )ell o, t)e concentration camps,= sai/ Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& 7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& Derman .)ancellor pai/ tri-ute at t)e entrance to Ausc)+it5an/ an/ promise/ t)at Germany will f lfill its "Moral -$ligation" to 2eep alive the memory of Nazi's crimes& Dermany le/ a commemoration o, %#t) anniversary o, t)e li-eration o, Na5is2 6uc)en+al/ Deat) .amp& ='e cannot change History) $ t this co ntry can learn a lot from the (eepest shame of o r History,= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er rge( the worl( never to forget the horrors perpetrate( $y the Nazis, =7 -o+ -e,ore you, t)e victims an/ t)eir ,amilies&= On Mar "%, ;##$ Derman 'oreign Minister gave a speec) ,or t)e =Remem$ering the 0ast) "haping the . t re= session an/ calls t)e (erusalem2s ne+ Holocaust memorial =/ place of ;;"

'*eep "hame' for every German) $eca se the name of my co ntry) Germany) is an( will forever $e insepara$ly lin2e( to the "hoah) the ltimate crime against H manity&= Spea1ing to a special joint sitting o, parliament mar1ing t)e %# anniversary o, t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, Mr 9W)ler sai/: =We )ave t)e Responsi$ility to 2eep alive the memories of all the s ffering &&&& 'e Germans loo2 $ac2 with horror an( shame &&&&& = 7n a speec) to 7srael2s Parliament in ;###, Dermany2s Presi/ent (o)annes Cau ma/e an emotional plea ,or ,orgiveness ,or t)e Holocaust& He -ecame t)e ,irst Derman lea/er to a//ress t)e 7sraeli parliament, ='ith the people of 3srael watching) 3 $ow in h mility $efore those m r(ere() $efore those who (on't have graves where 3 co l( as2 them for forgiveness,= sai/ Cau, = 3 am as2ing for forgiveness for what Germans have (one) for myself an( my generation) for the sa2e of o r chil(ren an( chil(ren's chil(ren&= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)rW/er implie/: Japan Can <earn .rom Germany saying post+ar 6erlin )a/ +on t)e respect o, its neig)-ors in )o+ it conten/e/ +it) its Na5i past& Ho+ever, atten/ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, @n/ o, War an/ in star1 contrast to an earnest apology -y Derman lea/er Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, at a press con,erence in Mosco+, Koiz mi sai( @ Japan has (one eno gh ""elf!;,amination=& 7n star1 contrast +it) very active Dermany2s Sc)roe/er participating in G<%# cele-rations in @urope, (apan2s 9oi5umi +as NO8 invite/ to participate in any o, its neig)-or2s Asian G<%# cele-rations in ;##$& 'hy Japanese wartime /pologies .ail ! / German 0erspective& German e,pert@ Japan nee(s to la nch self!critical (e$ate on History sai/ @-er)ar/ San/sc)nei/er, Director o, t)e Cesearc) 7nstitute o, t)e Derman .ouncil on 'oreign Celations& Me(ia 3ntim(ation in Japan ! / Close ;nco nter with Har( Japanese Nationalism & "ilence( Voices@ #he Japanese Me(ia) the Comfort 'omen #ri$ nal) an( the NHK /ffair& Japan fin(s itself staring at the 0ast as it loo2s into the . t re&

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W)ile (apanese 0us)u1an Museum cele-rates t)e (apanese suici/al ,ig)ting spirit, t)e Pots/am ex)i-it -lames t)e We)rmac)t, Dermany2s army ,or -ringing s)ame to t)e country& Dermany )as c)osen to examine t)eir )istory in microscopic /etails an/ a/mit Derman culpa-ility ,or t)e +ar& 6y contrast, (apan )as long censore( te,t$oo2s to conceal Japanese atrocities in .)ina an/ 9orea& Germany has s ccessf lly earne( $ac2 high respect of the worl(& Japan m st have the co rage to (o the same an( earn $ac2 the respect of the worl(& -f all the co ntries on ;arth) Japan is the -N<1 nation that se( /<< 9 'M* in ''33) i&e& the 'M* 7iological 'eapons) 'M* Chemical 'eapons) an( the a((ictive 'M* *r gs, not to mention Nanjing Massacre, Slave Aa-orers, Sex Slaves etc &&&&&&& utterly ignoring international la+ an/ Deneva Protocol& 7t +as a #otal 'ar ! 'ar 'itho t Mercy /gainst H manity&

(apanese invente/ Games of Rape an( Massacre ) t rne( M r(er into "port&

=#he manner in which these victims met their (eath was e,tremely cr el with atrocities of s ch great magnit (e an( (iversities) so ghastly that it ma(e Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$er an( the ? /tomic 7om$s appear very H mane&=

3n fact) mass m r(er was carrie( o t systematically $y the Japan long $efore the first Nazi's / schwitz Gas Cham$ers were even $ ilt&

7n Nanjing Massacre : =Not only (i( live $ rials) castration) the carving of organs an( the roasting of people $ecome ro tine) $ t more (ia$olical tort res were practice() s ch as hanging people $y their tong es on iron hoo2s or $ rying people to their waists an( watching them torn apart $y (ogs&= =/n estimate( ?:)::: ! E:)::: Chinese women were rape(& Many sol(iers went $eyon( rape to (isem$owel women) slice off their $reasts) nail them alive to walls& .athers were force( to rape their (a ghters) an( sons their mothers) as other family mem$ers watche(&=

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Using t)eir o+n ,un/s, Minoru Matsui an/ 9en2ic)i Oguri -egan ,ilming =Japanese *evils= in "???& Matsui travele/ aroun/ (apan, intervie+ing veterans& /ware that the film wo l( $e e,plosively controversial in Japan) he as2e( them to limit their recollections to acts in which they ha( personally participate(& Matsui rule/ out any use o, )earsay& Matsui speci,ically re*ueste/ t)ese (apanese sol/iers to only tal1 a-out t)eir personally involve/ ,acts, not anyt)ing anec/otal& Cre(i$ility was the most critical iss e& 7ntervie+ees o,ten ,elt )ig)ly emotional a-out t)e atrocities t)ey )a/ committe/, Matsui as1e/ t)em not to cry in ,ront o, t)e camera& He as1e/ t)em to )ol/ -ac1 on t)eir emotions an/ relate t)eir activities in a clear, accurate manner& 3n Japan) those who try to $ring s ch events to light are sometimes (ismisse( as insane or victims of Chinese $rainwashing& So Matsui +ante/ )is intervie+ees to appear as clear< )ea/e/ as possi-le& "hortly after their awar(!winning film's release in ?::5) ? of the 5G witnesses have (ie(& Mats i realize( that he has ma(e "Japanese *evils" > st in time& Director Minoru Matsui sai/ )is main reason for ma2ing the (oc mentary was to co nter Japan's ten(ency to "s garcoat" history& =8)e -iggest reason ,or ma1ing t)e ,ilm +as to preserve a recor/,= pro/ucer 9enic)i Oguri sai/& =A,ter ma1ing it, +e )el/ a previe+& "ome yo ng Japanese sai( they (i(n't even 2now Japan ha( fo ght a war with China=& 7n "ara>evo, Matsui intro/uce/ )is /ocumentary, =Here in "ara>evo, +)ere t)e scars o, +ar are still vivi/ in t)e city2s lan/scape an/ t)e )earts o, its citi5ens, 7 am ,ille/ +it) a range o, emotions /i,,icult to put into +or/s&= He sai/ )e )imsel, never ha( the co rage to as2 his father) a former sol(ier in China @ 'hat (i( yo (o in the 'ar) *a((y +& 'or almost ! )ours, t)e el/erly (apanese veterans list )orror a,ter )orror& 8)e "ara>evo tec)nician con,esse/ : =Compare( to this film) 'hat happene( in "ara>evo was li2e *isney animation&= 0os)io 8suc)iya explaine/ (apan2s policy o, ="trict *isposal") $etter 2nown as "%nprovo2e( Genoci(e= , t)e =#hree /ll 0olicy @ Kill /ll) 7 rn /ll) <oot /ll= , an/ t)e =Comp lsory "eiz re Campaign") $etter 2nown as "<a$orer H nting= to 1i/nap .)inese an/ exporte/ t)em to (apan as Slaves& 0os)io 8suc)iya explaine/ t)e "trict *isposal Cgen> sho$ nD, =0ou see, Strict Disposal meant =1ill= 7t +as a synonym ,or mur/er& Wit) no trial or anyt)ing, just 1ill any .)inese you +ant&= )e a//e/, ='e calle( 'em "Chin2s") yo 2now) (i(n't treat 'em li2e h mans& 'e

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(i(n't thin2 of "Chin2s" as h man) they were s $h man& 7, +e t)oug)t t)ey +ere )uman, +e coul/n2t )ave -een so cruel= 8aisu1e 'unyu sai/, =3 completely lost my h manity) 3 lost my h man conscience& 3 was > st li2e a fien(& #he more 3 2ille() the more 3 $egan to en>oy it&= 8aisu1e 'unyu a/mitte/ to setting ,ire to +)ole villages, an/ in one instances, $ rning (own a ho se with an incapacitate( mother who ha( > st given $irth& He hear( her "*eath "creams=& 0asuji 9ane1o /escri-e/ )o+ )e an/ )is comra/es surroun/e/ an/ wipe( o t an entire village) not $eca se it represente( a threat) $ t $eca se they wante( a thrill& 0os)io Su5u1i tol/ )o+, ,in/ing a mother with her new$orn $a$y) he $ rne( $oth alive in their h t an( listene( with satisfaction to the screams& Anot)er game +as to force ? villagers to have "e, an( > st as the man was a$o t to clima,) a sol(ier wo l( shoot him (ea(,= sai/ 8aisu1e 'unyu, =3n the military) the more crimes yo commit) the $etter yo r recor(&= =-nce yo 've 2ille( yo r ?n( or 9r() yo stop thin2ing a$o t it,= 0asuji 9ane1o, /escri-ing )o+ )e gre+ num- to slaug)ter a,ter -ayonet /rills using live .)inese prisoners& =3t was ltimately a$o t competition) so how many yo 2ille( $ecomes a stan(ar( of achievement&= =0ou stop t)in1ing a-out it& 7n my min/ 7 +as just 1illing .)in1s&&&&& #he more 3 2ille() the more 3 en>oye( it& 7n t)e +inter t)e sol/iers +oul/ start a roaring -on,ire, an/ +arm t)emselves at it -y $ringing a $a$y an( throwing it into the fire& 'e'( all stan( aro n( an( la gh&= Masayo @nomoto sai/, =8)ere +as a young +oman in t)e village, an/ 3 rape( her& /fter 3 (i( her) 3 2ille( her& 3t then occ rre( to me that we ha( no meat& /n( 3 co l( give the troops this meat& 3 c t her p) ta2ing the $est parts) an( fe( them to the men& 3t taste( $etter than por2&= Masayo @nomoto sai/, =We came across a village ,ull o, +omen& We strippe/ t)em an/ ma/e t)em lie /o+n along t)e si/e o, t)e roa/& /fter we rape( them we st ffe( petrol!soa2e( rags insi(e their vaginas an( $ rne( them& 3t was a message to the enemy) $ t it was also entertainment for s&= @very year on Aug& "$ at noon, (apan2s =Day o, Armistice=, 1no+n as t)e =Day o, Surren/er=, ;;$

(apanese government calls ,or a minute o, silence =in memory o, t)e more t)an ! million +)o peris)e/ in WW77&=, 6ut t)at ,igure is only (apanese -rutal invasion casualties& #he rest of /sia's 9: Millions victim's (eath are totally ignore( in historical amnesia& 8)e 9 million Japanese (ie( in the war) M-"# were Japanese inva(ing sol(iers& 7 t the 9: Millions victimize( /sians (ie() M-"# were > st civilians& #his star2 contrast clearly in(icates the vast magnit (e an( scope of the Japanese actrocio s Crimes committe( in /sia& .ompare/ +it) most "hinto s)rines, +)ic) +ere ,oun/e/ )un/re/s o, years ago, t)e (apanese 1as 2 ni "hrine +as a relatively recent a,,air& 7t +as -uilt -y t)e 7mperial Or/er o, t)e Meiji @mperor in ":%? ,or t)e sole purpose to glori,y (apan2s imperialism& During WW77, (apanese Militarists too1 over t)e s)rine& 0asu1uni is a military +ar memorial to glori,y its -rutal past, anyt)ing -ut a sym-ol o, peace& 7t groun/s in central 8o1yo inclu/e a museum /evote/ to glori,ying (apanese militarism as a no-le cause t)at trie/ to li-erate Asia&

3ronically) Japanese ;mperor Mei>i) whose name Mei>i C3 ChingD

originate( from "1i Jing "hrine from

" ) a Chinese Classic ) also too2 the name 1as 2 ni

a phrase in "Ch nIi N oshi Nh an " C"h n> "ashi(enD ) another Chinese Classic ) meaning "7ringing 0eace to a Nation&=

="hinto " itself is Chinese wor(s +)ic) means =t)e +ay o, t)e go/s= 3S)inSgo/sE 8o is 8aoSt)e +ay4&

Colonial 7r tal 3nvasionJ'ars Meiji Cestoration Sout)<West War War against .)ina < 5E8G War against .)ina < 5EAG 8ai+an Punitive @xpe/ition 3 8ai+an Mu/an 7nvasion 4 Sino<(apanese War 3(iaWu War4

;nshrine( , $" %,? " ","!# "!,%"? ",;$% ::,B;? B,:$# ":$ " ," %

War against .)ina < 5A:: 6oxer Ce-ellion War insi/e .)ina < 5A:G Cusso<(apanese War ;" Deman/s < 5A54 'irst Worl/ War War against .)ina < 5A?E War against .)ina < 5A95 (inan 7nci/ent 3 $! (inan Massacre 4 Manc)urian 7nci/ent 3 ?": 7nvasion 4

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War against .)ina < 5A98 War against .)ina < 5AG5 &

.)ina 7nci/ent 3 Marco Polo 6ri/ge 'ull 7nvasion 4 Dreat @ast Asian War 3 Asia 7nvasion WW77 4 #otal 'ar *ea( ;nshrine( @

"?",;$# ;,"!!,?"$ ;,B%%,$!;

Note@ /ppro,& 5 Million Japanese ''33 sol(iers were annihilate( in China O, t)e "" +ars liste/ a-ove, most o, t)e (apanese +ars +ere ,oug)t to inva/e an/ coloni5e .)ina& 8)e R ssian!Japanese 'ar was fo ght insi(e China in 5A:G to (etermine who ha( more "Rights" to colonize China, en/e/ +it) #reaty of 0ortsmo th& J st a few paces from where Japanese 0M Koiz mi (roppe( a coin an( praye() is the 1as 2 ni m se m& 8)e museum portrays Japan as $oth the martyr an( savior of /sia to (rive "the foreign $ar$arians") to li$erate an( protect /sia from R ssian 7olshevism an( ; ropean colonialism& 0earl Har$or was "force(" $y "a plot" $y 0resi(ent Roosevelt& Japanese!le( massacres) Korean comfort women) Chinese se, slaves) or tort re( 0o's are not mentione(& 8)e 0asu1uni Museum /isplay shows Japan as a victim of a conspiracy $y 'estern colonial powers an( Japan was force( into war in self!(efence to $ring peace to /sia& 7n a Museum ,ilm, Pearl Har-or is /escri-e/ as a =-attle ,or (apan2s survival,= +)ile one ex)i-it -lames t)e "?! Nanjing Massacre on t)e .)inese lea/ers +)o ,le/ t)e city +)ile or/ering t)eir men to ,ig)t to t)e /eat)& /fter the fall of Nan>ing to the Japanese) the m se m notes) "the Chinese citizens were once again a$le to live their lives in peace&= 8)e $#<minute ,ilm even I estions whether the Japanese invasion of /sia was ever a violation of international law& 8)e Museum also /isplays t)e ,irst engine t)at travelle/ t)e in,amous B"$ 1m Railway of *eath ! #hai!7 rma Railway +it)out mentioning t)e savage (eath of 56)::: 0o's an( 5::)::: /sian "laves, /escri-e/ -y .ameron 'or-es in )is -oo1 Hellfire as = $ ilt on the 7ones of the *ea(=, i&e& !## /eat) ,or eac) 1m& 8)e .$% steam locomotive engine o, t)e 8)ai<6urma Cail+ay o, Deat) +as calle/ -y ex<PoW @ric Aomax as a =Mon ment to the Japanese 7ar$arism=& WW77 is calle/ =t)e Dreater @ast Asian War=, invasion o, .)ina is /escri-e/ as =.)ina 7nci/ent=& 8)e Museum /isplays a reconstructe/ Nero fighter an( a Kaiten or Japanese single!man mini!s $Jh man torpe(o , an/ t)e "hort "wor( se( $y Gen& Korechi2a /nami who a(vocate( to contin e the 'ar even after the ? /tomic 7om$s&

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-n (isplay was a 2aiten h man torpe(o, t)e innocently name/ =c)erry -lossom -om-= < a one<trip ,lying roc1et pilote/ -y suici/e -om-ers& 8)ere is also a monument in t)e s)rine tri-ute/ to t)e )ate/ /rea/,ul Japanese Kempeitai , =3t is li2e seeing a memorial to the Gestapo in a German cathe(ral&= sai/ ex<PoW @ric Aomax& 8)e +e-site o, t)e 0asu1uni s)rine t)en /eclares: =#he #r th of mo(ern Japanese History is now restore(&O 'hat if a m se m in Germany feat ring a Nazi plane) a memorial to the $ravery of the Gestapo) a (isplay claiming the 0oles welcome( their inva(ers + Again %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#& -2inori Kaya) a Class!/ 'ar Criminal for life imprisonment) parole( in 5A44) an( $ecame J stice Minister& He +as instrumental in getting a -ill to t)e Diet t)at, i, passe/, +oul/ )ave turne/ 0asu1uni into a national s)rine& He 1ept t)e -ill alive t)roug) $ rejections until ,inally giving up in "? B& Accor/ing to t)e minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ /ocuments o, some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary in ;## , entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= , Japanese government initiate( an( rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to enshrine /<< Class!/) 7) C 'ar Cirminals&

7n "?$?, 1as 2 ni "hrine -egan to ens)rine .lass<6 an/ .lass<. +ar criminals& 3t ha( secretly enshrine( 5):6E war criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals in 5A8E& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state&

7n Seoul, 9im 0un<o1 sai/, =#he Japanese sol(iers enshrine( at 1as 2 ni "hrine are the very ones who Rape( o r gran(mothers&= More t)an :% P o, t)e ens)rine/ (apanese sol/iers +ere ,rom WW77& Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& We /i/n2t +ant to leave any trou-le -e)in/ &&&&&=,

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i&e& /<< Japanese ''33 sol(iers are criminals ) committe( Mass Rape crime at t)e least& Accor/ing to t)e pu-lis)e/ ,igures in Oct ;##", there were ?E)E69 #aiwanese an( ?5)5E5 Koreans enshrine( at 0asu1uni S)rine witho t their families' permission& Most o, t)em +ere ,orce/ into +ar service un/er (apan2s colonial rule& Since 'e- "? :, a group o, 8ai+anese resi/ents in (apan +)o )a/ learne/ a-out t)e list starte/ legal procee/ings to get t)e 8ai+anese remove/ ,rom 0asu1uni& 7n 'e- "? ?, a group o, in/igenous 8ai+anese -ereave/ relatives came to (apan an/, ,or t)e ,irst time, /eman/e/ t)at t)eir relatives -e remove/ ,rom ens)rinement& 8)e 8ai+an .)inese arrive/ in 8o1yo sai/ t)ey +ant t)eir relatives2 names remove/ ,rom memorial pla*ues t)ere -ecause it is "morally npar(ona$le that M r(erers an( Victims are honore( at the "/M; place&= 7n (une ;##", $$ mem-ers o, -ereave/ ,amilies ,rom S&9orea ,ile/ a suit at t)e 8o1yo District .ourt /eman/ing t)e removal ,rom ens)rinement o, t)eir relatives& 7n t)e past ! years, 8ai+an .)inese +ent to 8o1yo times to protest against 1as 2 ni "hrine , /eman/ing /e<ens)rinement o, t)eir ,amily mem-er o, t)e ,orci-ly conscripte/ +ar /ea/, insisting t)at ='e are not Japanese B 'e are the Victims of Japanese war crimes B=, -ut +it)out success in li-erating t)eir enslave/ ancestral souls& 8)e =Ret rn the "o ls of o r .ore$ears" protest (elegation )as come to the %&N& an/ -roug)t +it) t)em are ; ol/ -oo1s t)at recor/ t)e (apanese army employe/ t)e extreme -rutal =#hree /ll 0olicy @ 7 rn /ll) <oot /ll) Kill /ll= in "?"! an/ "?"B against t)e 8ai+an A-origines +)o +ere resisting t)e inva/ers& A (apanese military p)otograp)ic team ,ollo+e/ t)e ,ig)ting, compile/ its p)otograp)s into t)ese = 0ictorial /l$ ms of the 0 nitive ;,pe(ition= an/ su-mitte/ t)em to t)e (apanese War Ministry as evi/ence o, t)e army2s =great military ac)ievements=& 8)e ; al-ums no+ serve as un/enia-le proo, o, t)e (apanese army2s +ar crimes& During its invasion an/ $"<year occupation o, 8ai+an, Japan 2ille( more than 6::)::: #aiwan Chinese people, inclu/ing large num-ers o, A-origines& .or people in /sia) 1as 2 ni "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's $r tal militaristic past& 7t is a potent sym$ol of how the Japanese into,icate( $y fascism an( coerce( $y military r le) once collectively lost their reason an( were fe( fantastic myths) of racial s periority an( the ;mperor's (ivinity& 8)e $r tal military aggression in /sia was promote( an( > stifie( $y Japan as a sacre( mission of the glorifie( militarism) racial s periority) an( emperor worship& Dying ,or t)e @mperor +as t)e )ig)est virtue& 8)at +as +)y sol/iers -elieve/ t)at t)ey +oul/ meet a,ter /eat) at 1as 2 ni "hrine & 7t -ecame -ot) a state religion an/ a political i/eology, o, +)ic) 1as 2 ni "hrine is t)e prime sym-ol&

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#his is what ma2es the shrine s ch a (ist r$ing place& Not the Class!/ war criminals) or the Japanese Kempeitai mon ment) $ t this (estr ctive i(eology) which has s rvive( intact (espite war crime trials) (emocratic government) an( more than half a cent ry to analyze) (e$ate) an( reflect on the catastrophes of the past& (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi is eit)er ignorant or (ishonest when he claims that visiting the shrine is simply "a matter of the heart"& Wee1ly ne+s maga5ines an/ commentators on ca-le television current a,,airs tal1 s)o+s )ave recently ta1en to /escri-ing Mr Koiz mi's stance on 1as 2 ni as "Chil(ish"& Deneral MacArt)ur once /escri-e/ Japan as "/ Nation of 5?!year!ol(s" an/ Japanese "as a chil(li2e people who wo l( r n amo2 witho t imperial g i(ance"& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= +rote: =/ normal society) a society not ha nte( $y ghosts) cannot $e achieve( $y 'normalizing' history& More the other way aro n(&&&&& W)en society )as -ecome su,,iciently open an/ ,ree to loo1 -ac1, ,rom t)e point o, vie+ neit)er o, t)e victim nor o, t)e criminal, -ut o, t)e critic, only t)en +ill t)e g)osts -e lai/ to rest&= #o the Japanese) 5G years of in!h man $r tality was a Holy 'ar& 8)ey +ere ,ig)ting ,or t)e Do/<li1e @mperor& Accor/ing to =0asu1uni Dai)ya11a= 30asu1uni encyclope/ia4, a pamp)let pu-lis)e/ -y t)e S)rine, War .riminals are calle/ ="howa martyrs= Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo: 3f there was no ;mperor ) there wo l( $e no Japan &&&&&& DM : 6ut t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo : 3 2now nothing a$o t his roots ) $ t 3 was astonishe( that he sai( s ch a thing &&&&&& Japan re(iscovers its Korean past & & & & & #he ;mperor's new roots ! ;mperor (eclare( his own Korean ancestry& 7t is -ecause (apanese Nara city +as t)e capital o, (apan ,rom %B! an/ ?B A&D& +)ere (apan2s earliest @mperors +ere -urie/& 7n ,act, Concl sive evi(ences have shown that Japanese Nara 0refect re was act ally a Korean colony& 8)e +or/ =Nara= itsel, means =mot)erlan/= in 9orean& 8)e Meiji government also agree/ t)at 8ai5en 9uma5a+a ,rom Nara +as t)e legitimate )eir o, t)e sout)ern 0os)ino court& 7n ?::5, ;mperor /2ihito sai( he feels a close "2inship" with Korean an/ cite/ t)e ,act t)at t)e mother of ;mperor Kamm was also a Korean& He also appreciate/ Korean

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c lt re an( technology $ro ght to Japan& 3n fact) more acc rately, it sho l( $e "from China via Korea to Japan"& 7n 5AEG, ;mperor Hirohito ma(e similar statement that the 3mperial family ha( a "close 2inship" with Korea& 7n ,act, t)e ant)ropologists an/ arc)eologists have confirme( that the mo(ern Japanese came I ite late from the mainlan( /sia to Japan only aro n( G:: 7&C&) that is a very shallow root & *N/ research has confirme( Japanese are close genetic 2in to $oth Chinese an( Korean& =Arc)aeology )as ma/e a lot o, progress,= sai/ Hisao 6a-a, curator o, ant)ropology at t)e National Science Museum in 8o1yo, =-ut politics has ma(e it (iffic lt for the Japanese general p $lic to ta2e a critical loo2 at their own past&= 7ronically, Racial 0re> (ice an/ Japanese Militaristic 7rain!'ash of $elieving other /sian as " $!H man was so s ccessf l) Most Japanese simply forgot the fact that M-"# of their so pro (ly proclaime( "s perior" c lt re are really originate( from "inferior" China& 'riting (i(n't even appear in Japan ntil Chinese c lt re was importe( & @ven to/ay, t)e (apanese +riting still a/opts many .)inese c)aracters&

8)e Japanese "7anzai " or "Manzai" was also originate( from the Chinese "'ans i" for the Chinese ;mperor& 8)e Japanese ol( capital Nara was act ally mo(elle( after Chang'an) the Chinese capital of #ang China which was the largest city on ;arth at t)e time& Kyoto was the former 3mperial "Capital City" of Japan& 3t was also the first Japan's planne( capital& Kyoto city's layo t an( 2ey $ il(ings were also mo(elle( after Chinese capital Changan& Japan) it might $e sai() atten(e( the Chinese school of civilization in China& 6et+een %# an/ :!:, (apan sent "? missions to .)ina << on average, one every "; years& 9no+le/ge +as t)e principal goal& Mon1s stu/ie/ Ch'an 3 i&e& Nen 4 an/ ot)er sects o, 6u//)ism E o,,icials stu/ie/ government E sc)olars stu/ie/ literature E /octors stu/ie/ me/icine E artists stu/ie/ arts E an/ so on &&&&& e&g& (apanese 'riting , Me(icine , 0oetry , /rchitect re , <iterat re , Nen CCh'anD , "hinto , 0ainting , M sic , Gar(en , 7onsai Ctray plantingD , 32e$ana Cflower arrangingD , #ea , Calligraphy , *r m , Chopstic2s , -rigami Cpaper fol(ingD , New 1ear , Go Game C'ei KiD , Kimono , Karate , J >its , J (o , Ken(o &&&&&&& ;!"

8)e e,tremely frien(ly relationship $etween the ? co ntries was the most e,traor(inary one Cpro$a$ly N- parallel in worl( HistoryD of #eacher!to!0 pil&

(apanese sc)olars +)o )a/ stu/ie/ .)inese even create( a new name for their co ntry sing the Chinese phrase for "origin of the s n) s nrise" -ecause (apan is locate/ east o, .)ina& (apan also implemente/ its 1oro Clothing Co(e $y copying the China's official #ang (ress co(es) an( importe( Japanese Kimono from China's ' !%et area& 8)at is +)y even to/ay, many (apanese 9imono pro,essionals still call it Gof 2 +)ic) means =Clothes of ' = ,rom .)ina& 8)e Chinese #ra(itional Hanf /isappeare/ -ecause .)ing Dynasty -rutally pro)i-ite/ t)e Han .)inese ,rom +earing an/ ,orce/ t)em to )ave a Manc)urian pigtail t)roug) numerous massacres& Ho+ever, .)inese 8ra/itional Han,u a/vocates no+ promote t)em -y wearing it in the p $lic an/ in Chinese ceremonies , Chinese female a( lthoo( ceremony, easily mista1en to -e Japanese Kimono or t)e Korean Han$o2 -ecause -ot) o, t)em are -ase/ on Chinese Hanf & Some pictures o, t)e Hanf (esign&

@ven t)e name of Japanese ;mperor Mei>i ChingD " ) a Chinese Classic&

was originate( from "1i Jing C3

Having a name for the ;mperor's era is also a tra(ition following the Chinese ;mperor&

#he name of ;mperor Hirohito's reign ""howa

" is originate( from ""h Jing

" ) a Chinese Classic ) which means ";nlightene( 0eace=&

#he name of ;mperor /2ihito's reign "Heisei " an( ""h Jing ;verywhere=&

") is originate( from ""hi Ji

" ) $oth Chinese Classics ) which means "0eace

7ronically, the sole p rpose of the Chinese Classic ""hi Ji #r th of History as a mirror an( learn from it&

" was to preserve the

7n late "?t) century, in or/er to /istinguis) t)emsel, ,rom t)e ot)er minority et)nic groups, again following Chinese way sing an era name) the Japanese call themself the "1amato people " which means ) ironically ) "#he Great 0eacef l Race"& 8)e name comes ,rom 1amato 0erio(&

;!;

@mperor Meiji also too1 t)e name 1as 2 ni

"hrine from a phrase in "Ch nIi

N oshi Nh an " C"h n> "ashi(enD ) another Chinese Classic ) meaning "7ringing 0eace to a Nation&=

="hinto " itself is Chinese wor(s +)ic) means =t)e +ay o, t)e go/s= 3S)inSgo/sE 8o is 8aoSt)e +ay4& #he concl sion is that @ 7asically) the Japanese so pro (ly proclaime( s perior c lt re is really the Chinese c lt re with only minor mo(ifications& 7ronically, Japanese $elieve( that their own C lt ral #eacher ) the Chinese ) were s $!H man , an/ t)en /eci/e/ to = Repay Virt e with ;vil = t)roug) Wars& 1as 2 ni "hinto "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's fail re as a nation to collectively face its past war responsi$ilities& Strangely, t)ere are NO )uman remains at 0asu1uni S)rine& 7n "?$;, (apan passe/ a =Cesolution on t)e recovery an/ repatriation o, t)e remains o, +ar /ea/ in overseas territories=& Strangely, %# years a,ter, $# P o, (apanese /ea/ sol/iers, i&e& more than 5)56:)::: of them are still not repatriate(& @ven no+ some %##,### are retrieva-le& 7nsi/e t)e 7ia2 cave) in a small islan( of 3n(onesia) the s2 lls of Japanese sol(iers were set o t in a row) their teeth an( parts of thigh $ones line( p& @very visitor comes to t)e 6ia1 cave +oul/ really +on/er: 'hat (o the Japanese thin2 a$o t their relatives' $ones + 'hy Japan an( Japanese families (on't care an( completely (is!concern a$o t the $ones of their relatives + 'hat is this Japanese mentality + (apanese paci,ism is really originate/ more ,rom a ,eeling t)at (apanese su,,ere/ /uring t)e +ar rat)er t)an ,rom a recognition t)at (apan starte/ t)e "B years long -rutal WMD +ar an/ cause/ extreme /amage an/ pain to its Asian neig)-ors& 8)ere,ore, many (apanese /o not t)in1 t)ey nee/ to -e ,orgiven& Since t)e +ar, only (apanese Prime Minister, 0asu)iro Na1asone in "?:$ an/ Cyutaro Has)imoto in "??%, )ave ma/e t)e visit, only once& 8)e torrent o, protest +as enoug) to persua/e t)em not to ma1e anot)er& Ho+ever, (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi, /ra+ing s)arp criticism ,rom ot)er Asian countries, ma/e )is o,,icial tri-ute to t)e +ar 1as 2 ni "hrine t)e 6th time as PM, an/ )is ,irst on "$ Aug ;##%, t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as prime minister& Koiz mi's (angero s game& Un/er Article "" o, "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty, (apanese government +as to accept t)e ver/it o, t)e 8o1yo 8ri-unal& Japanese 0rime Minister to 1as 2 ni "hrine violates the 0eace #reaty& 8)is +as +)y PM Na1asone re,raine/ ,rom ,urt)er visits in t)e ,ollo+ing years& ;!!

Hirohito visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine E times as ;mperor) last pilgrimage was in 5A84& 7n "? : t)e s)rine2s )ea/ priest secretly ens)rine/ "B .lass<A War .riminals& =#hat's why 3 have since not visite( the shrine= accor/ing to t)e /iaries o, ,ormer palace Dran/ Ste+ar/ 8omo)i1o 8omita& Ho+ever, many t)in1 it +as an act o, =sel,<protection= -ecause Hiro)ito +as a,rai/ t)at t)eir ens)rinement +oul/ =reignite= /e-ate over )is )oly responsi-ility o, t)e +ar& 'hat is wrong a$o t Koiz mi's visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine to grieve for those who gave their lives for their co ntry in the past war + Here is an ;(itorial answer& 'irst in 'e-&, (apanese Osa1a District Co rt r le( that the Koiz mi's visit was ma(e N-# as a private citizen $ t in his official capacity& 8)en in Apr& ;##B, Japanese . 2 o2a *istrict Co rt r le( that Koiz mi's visit to 1as 2 ni "hrine has violate( Constit tion -ecause it violate/ t)e separation o, state an/ religion& Also in Sept !#, ;##$ -sa2a High Co rt r le( Koiz mi's shrine visits were a religio s activity an( %n!Constit tional& 8)e %n!Constit tional R ling stan(s since the Japanese government cannot appeal to the " preme Co rt& 7n ,act, t)e *uestion o, .onstitution +as settle( in 5AA5 when "en(ai High Co rt r le( that an official 1as 2 ni visit $y a 0M or the ;mperor was %n!Constit tional n(er /rticle ?: of the national charter& 9oi5umi /e,ie/ logic, insisting that neigh$oring co ntries wo l( not $e offen(e( $y his %n!Constit tional shrine visits& 8)e visits mar1e/ a ,urt)er step in t)e resurrection an/ legitimisation o, t)e sym-ols o, (apan2s Militarism& 3magine if German government p $licly (enie( Nazi's war crimes an( flatly ref se( to offer tr e apology an( compensation to the victims) then Chancellor of Germany went to a Nazi shrine an( pai( tri$ te to Hitler) an( Goe$$els) an( Gestapo) an( telling the worl( it's > st for peace) *o yo thin2 %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries will remain silent + 3magine if c rrent German government a(opt the Nazi's song an( "wasti2a as their

;!B

National anthem an( flag) an( then honor Hitler $y ma2ing his $irth(ay as a National Holi(ay) *o yo thin2 %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries will remain silent + Japan has (one e,actly that& 7n Aug "???, (apan2s parliament vote/ "%% to " enacte/ -itterly conteste/ legislation ens)rining as national sym-ols t)e notorious militaristic rising sun ,lag an/ t)e imperial )ymn 9imigayo as t)e national ant)em& 8)e militaristic sym-ols +ere con/emne/ -y )un/re/s protesters /emonstrate/ outsi/e t)e -uil/ing -ecause o, t)eir connection +it) (apan2s militarist an/ imperial past& Since "???, t)e playing o, t)e (apanese notorio s militaristic anthem Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD an( the flying of the notorio s militaristic Hinomar CRising " nD flag) have $een comp lsory at Japanese school ceremonies, -ut many teac)ers re,use to toe t)e line an/ ,ile/ a la+suit ta1ing t)e 8o1yo e/ucation -oar/ to court& 9a5u)isa Su5u1i, +)o teac)es civics at a )ig) sc)ool in 9anaga+a Pre,ecture, sai/: = 3t's as tho gh Germany $ro ght $ac2 the Nazi "wasti2a an( force( teachers to stan( for it& 7, teac)ers /on2t ,ig)t it, +)o +ill F =& Aast year ?G9 teachers were p nishe( for not hono ring the notorio s Militaristic flag an( 68 repriman(e( ,or not or/ering stu/ents to sing t)e notorious ant)em& 1o cannot force them to sing it in Japan) or to listen in <on(on& #eacher Kats hisa . >ita who rge( parents atten(ing a gra( ation ceremony to remain seate( /uring (apanese national ant)em +as ,ine/ N",:##& 8)oug) 'ujita +as ejecte/, a-out A: F of the st (ents remaine( seate( ( ring the song, sc)ool o,,icials sai/& 8o support t)e )un/re/s o, teac)ers an/ stu/ents +)o ref se to sing the c rrent Japanese notorio s militaristic national anthem at sc)ool, someone )as turne/ t)e notorious militaristic national anthem "Kimigayo" into ? ;nglish versions title( @ "Kiss Me" , an/ "Kiss Me Girl" , urge people to remem-er (apan2s +ar crimes inclu/ing Nan>ing Massacre an/ "e, "laves& 7t ta1es t)e sylla-les o, eac) +or/ o, t)e (apanese an/ turns t)em into p)onetically similar @nglis) +or/s to support t)e protest o, people +)o are ,orce/ to sing as =a small pillar of opposition in people's hearts=& 7n Sept ;##% Japanese (istrict co rt r le( that a #o2yo metropolitan government or(er compelling teachers to stan( p for Japan's notorio s national flag Hinomar CRising " nD an( sing the notorio s national anthem Kimigayo CHis Ma>esty's ReignD violate( the Constit tion& 7n an interesting coinci/ence, t)e Chinese National /nthem +as +ritten in "?!$ +it) lyrics -y t)e note/ poet 8ian Han an/ music -y t)e ,amous composer Nie @r& 8)e original name o, t)e song +as =Sons an/ Daug)ters in a 8ime o, Storm=, as a t)eme song ,or t)e ,ilm =Marc) ;!$

o, t)e Golunteers=& 8)e ,ilm tells t)e story o, t)ose +)o +ent to t)e ,ront to ,ig)t t)e (apanese inva/ers in nort)east .)ina in t)e "?!#s +)en t)e ,ate o, .)ina +as )anging in t)e -alance& #he song inspire( the whole China to (efeat the atrocio s Japanese inva(ers an( $ecame the provisional Chinese National /nthem in 5AGA) an( officially in 5AE?& 9imi1o Ne5u, a (apanese teac)er, )as -een punis)e/ -y ,re*uent trans,ers an/ salary cuts& S)e +as trans,erre/ B times in $ years, o,ten to sc)ools ; )ours ,rom )er )ome& Ne5u is no+ allo+e/ to teac) only +)en anot)er teac)er is present& O,,icials +arne/ t)at anot)er o,,ense coul/ lea/ to )er /ismissal a,ter !B years o, teac)ing& Neru, supporte/ -y paci,ist groups an/ 8eac)ers Union, )as ,oug)t -ac1 -y ,iling la+suits against t)e movesE s)e )as lost one, an/ at least B ot)er cases are pen/ing& =7 ,eel as i, ,ree/om to *uestion aut)ority is -eing *uas)e/ just as it +as /uring t)e +ar years,= s)e sai/ =6ut 3 will never stan( for that song) the same one that playe( when we were inva(ing /sia& Never&= Ho+ever, Japanese ;mperor opposes comp lsory flag) anthem in schools& 7n "? %, 8a1as)i Nagase organi5e/ t)e first re nions $etween e,!0o's an( Japanese sol(iers on the $ri(ge of G54 2m #hai!7 rma Railway of *eath& He +ants to re/eem -y 7 il(ing 7ri(ges -ver Hate& 6ut )e +as critici5e/ -y t)e (apanese press ,or )ol/ing t)e 8)ai national ,lag rat)er t)an t)e Japanese notorio s Rising " n flag& "*o they 2now how many people were sla ghtere( n(er that flag += )e as1s& 8)e re-el teac)ers say t)ey )ave no pro-lem +it) )onouring (apan, -ut rge( Japanese government to come p with a (ifferent flag an( anthem&

%&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#&

Minoru Morita, a 8o1yo<-ase/ political analyst sai/, =8)ese /ays +e very o,ten )ear more e,perts say p $licly that the %&"& wants s ch a(versary relationship $etween China an( Japan an( that's why they remain "3<;N#&= 'estern apathy to Japanese ''33 atrocities 7n ironically speec)less vivi/ contrast, Harry) son of 7ritain's 0rince Charles an( 9r( in line to the throne) (rew a storm of worl( wi(e protest $y wearing cost me with a Nazi ;!%

"wasti2a arm$an( to a $irth(ay party& Prince )as or/ere/ )is son to visit Ausc)+it5 concentration camp& Harry sai/ )e +as sorry, =7t +as a poor c)oice o, costume an/ 7 apologi5e=& Derman government )as ma/e /isplaying t)e S+asti1a an/ ot)er Na5i sym-ols illegal in Dermany& Germany wo l( have trie( 0rince Harry for Nazi pran2& No+, German politicians have calle( for Nazi sym$ols to $e $anne( thro gho t ; rope& A,ter t)e +ar, un/er t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity, U&S& grante/ immunity to t)e @mperor Hiro)ito& 6ut many insist )e +as intimately involve/ in t)e planning an/ s)oul/ -e ultimately responsi-le ,or t)e (apan2s in)uman -rutal past& 8)at +as +)y a,ter )is /eat) in "?:?, )is -irt)/ay +as only mar1e/ as an am-iguous )oli/ay calle/ =Dreenery Day=, an o-li*ue re,erence to )is passion ,or plants& 8)e -oo1 =Hirohito an( the Ma2ing of Mo(ern Japan= -y Her-ert P& 6ix, a )istorian +)o teac)es at Hitotsu-as)i University in 8o1yo, reveals information on the (egree to which the %&"& government systematically (eceive( the whole worl(& @vi/ences s)o+ t)at senior ai/es to Den& Douglas MacArt)ur an/ (apanese court o,,icials sc)eme/ to ,ix testimony at t)e 8o1yo War .rimes 8rials so as not to implicate Hiro)ito& %sing official recor(s that will $e (iffic lt for the ;mperor's apologists to ref te, 6ix s)o+s Hiro)ito as comman/er in c)ie, o, t)e 7mperial military, +as /eeply involve/ in t)e /ay to /ay management o, (apan2s military aggression an/ 1ne+ all t)e +ar crimes in .)ina, an/ involve/ /eeply in early strategic /ecisions as (apan2s army marc)e/ t)roug) .)ina, approve/ an alliance +it) Hitler an/ Mussolini, an/ t)e plan to attac1 0earl Har$or& #o reassess the ;mperor's new clothes) "#he Hirohito (iaries sho l( $e ma(e p $lic,= says (apanese Diet mem-er 8aro 9ono& ='hy) in this 6:th /nniversary of the ;n( of 'ar) (o we have to create a "howa *ay += Seiji Mataic)i, (apanese upper )ouse la+ma1er +)o oppose/ t)e -ill as1e/& Wartime @mporer Hirohito's /pr ?A $irth(ay) the am$ig o s "Greenery *ay" a national holi(ay will $e rename( as the ""howa *ay" that will e,plicitly glorify Japan's $r tal militaristic past&

3t is a speechless irony to the whole /sia @ the name of Hirohito's reign ""howa is originate( from ""h Jing 0eace"& " ) a Chinese Classic ) which means ";nlightene(

"

7n late "?t) century, in or/er to /istinguis) t)emsel, ,rom t)e ot)er minority et)nic groups, again following Chinese way sing an era name) the Japanese call themself the "1amato

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people " which means ) ironically ) "#he Great 0eacef l Race"& 8)e name comes ,rom 1amato 0erio(& Accor/ing to t)e pu-lis)e/ ,igures in Oct ;##", there were ?E)E69 #aiwanese an( ?5)5E5 Koreans enshrine( at 0asu1uni S)rine witho t their families' permission& Most o, t)em +ere ,orce/ into +ar service un/er (apan2s colonial rule& Since 'e- "? :, a group o, 8ai+anese resi/ents in (apan +)o )a/ learne/ a-out t)e list starte/ legal procee/ings to get t)e 8ai+anese remove/ ,rom 0asu1uni& 7n 'e- "? ?, a group o, in/igenous 8ai+anese -ereave/ relatives came to (apan an/, ,or t)e ,irst time, /eman/e/ t)at t)eir relatives -e remove/ ,rom ens)rinement& 8)e 8ai+an .)inese arrive/ in 8o1yo sai/ t)ey +ant t)eir relatives2 names remove/ ,rom memorial pla*ues t)ere -ecause it is "morally npar(ona$le that M r(erers an( Victims are honore( at the "/M; place&= 7n (une ;##", $$ mem-ers o, -ereave/ ,amilies ,rom S&9orea ,ile/ a suit at t)e 8o1yo District .ourt /eman/ing t)e removal ,rom ens)rinement o, t)eir relatives& 7n t)e past ! years, 8ai+an .)inese +ent to 8o1yo times to protest against 1as 2 ni "hrine , /eman/ing /e<ens)rinement o, t)eir ,amily mem-er o, t)e ,orci-ly conscripte/ +ar /ea/, insisting t)at ='e are not Japanese B 'e are the Victims of Japanese war crimes B=, -ut +it)out success in li-erating t)eir enslave/ ancestral souls& 8)e =Ret rn the "o ls of o r .ore$ears" protest (elegation )as come to the %&N& an/ -roug)t +it) t)em are ; ol/ -oo1s t)at recor/ t)e (apanese army employe/ t)e extreme -rutal =#hree /ll 0olicy @ 7 rn /ll) <oot /ll) Kill /ll= in "?"! an/ "?"B against t)e 8ai+an A-origines +)o +ere resisting t)e inva/ers& A (apanese military p)otograp)ic team ,ollo+e/ t)e ,ig)ting, compile/ its p)otograp)s into t)ese = 0ictorial /l$ ms of the 0 nitive ;,pe(ition= an/ su-mitte/ t)em to t)e (apanese War Ministry as evi/ence o, t)e army2s =great military ac)ievements=& 8)e ; al-ums no+ serve as un/enia-le proo, o, t)e (apanese army2s +ar crimes& During its invasion an/ $"<year occupation o, 8ai+an, Japan 2ille( more than 6::)::: #aiwan Chinese people, inclu/ing large num-ers o, A-origines&

(apan is responsi-le ,or t)e /eat) o, 9: Millions in Asia, inclu/ing Americans& Japanese government th m$s its nose at the s rvivors $y (enying its legal an( moral responsi$ilities an( then honors the perpetrators i&e& 5):6E 'ar Criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals secretly enshrine( in the 1as 2 ni "hrine in 5A8E& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state& Accor/ing to t)e minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ /ocuments o, some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary in ;## , entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= , Japanese government initiate( an( rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to enshrine /<< Class!/) 7) C 'ar Cirminals& ;!:

7nsi/e t)e S)rine, a monument +as also -uilt to pay tri-ute to t)e )ate/ /rea/,ul Japanese Kempeitai , =3t is li2e seeing a Memorial to the Gestapo in a German cathe(ral&= sai/ ex< PoW @ric Aomax& 8suneo Watana-e is (apan2s most po+er,ul me/ia -aron c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un, +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance& He eI ates Class!/ 'ar Criminal #o>o to Hitler& 8suneo Watana-e, (apanese Me/ia tycoon also calls for clearer war apology $y Japanese premiers, =3t wo l( $e $est for 0arliament to set p a stan(ing committee on war responsi$ility an( e,press its position=& Since t)e +ar, only (apanese Prime Minister, 0asu)iro Na1asone in "?:$ an/ Cyutaro Has)imoto in "??%, )ave ma/e t)e visit, only once& 8)e torrent o, protest +as enoug) to persua/e t)em not to ma1e anot)er -ecause the visit violates article 55 of the "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty that Japanese government was to accept the ver(it of the #o2yo #ri$ nal& Ho+ever, (apanese PM 9oi5umi, /ra+ing s)arp criticism ,rom ot)er Asian countries, ma/e )is o,,icial tri-ute to t)e +ar 1as 2 ni "hrine t)e 6th time as PM, an/ )is ,irst on "$ Aug ;##%, t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as prime minister& Koiz mi's (angero s game&

/gain) %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#&

Minoru Morita, a 8o1yo<-ase/ political analyst sai/, =8)ese /ays +e very o,ten )ear more e,perts say p $licly that the %&"& wants s ch a(versary relationship $etween China an( Japan an( that's why they remain "3<;N#&= 'estern apathy to Japanese ''33 atrocities *o $le "tan(ar( &&& ;vil Cover! p &&& ;vil Conspiracy &&& or && /,is of ;vil &&& + 7ronically, (apanese War .rimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& Cemorseless (apan, assiste/ -y U&S&, )as committe/ t)e =?n( Rape of Nan>ing !! Rape of History= , )as committe/ t)e =?n( Nan>ing Massacre !! Massacre the Massacre= , )as committe/ t)e =?n( /sian Holoca st !! Holoca st the Holoca st=&

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Germany Japan\ "& "incere so l searching ;& Confession of war crimes !& -fficial tr e apology B& Compensate victims $& Compensate "lave <a$orers %& Compensate "e, "laves & :& Compensate 'M* 7iological victims Compensate 'M* Chemical victims 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es N>A N>A N>A 0es 0es N>A N>A N>A N>A N>A N>A N>A 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es 0es No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No 1;" 1;" 1;" 1;" ;B#

?& 3(entify 'ar criminals "#& 0 nish 'ar criminals ""& 0 nish 'M* 7iological criminals ";& 0 nish 'M* Chemical criminals "!& 0 nish 'M* *r g criminals "B& 0 nish "#hree /ll" criminals "$& 0 nish ""trict *isposal" criminals "%& 0 nish "Comp lsory "eiz re" criminals

" & 0 nish "e, "lavery criminal ":& 0 nish "lavery criminals "?& -pen war time recor(s ;#& 3ncl (e history in school te,t$oo2 ;"& 3ncl (e history in m se m ;;& #ri$ te to victims ;!& 7 il( Memorial for victims ;B& "et Remem$rance (ay for victims ;$& Con(emn war crimes ;%& " ppress Militarism ; & Ret rn loote( 'ealth ;:& Ret rn loote( C lt ral /ssets ;?& Cover! p war crimes !#& 0 rporte( as victims instea( of aggressors

!"& 'orship war Criminals !;& /(opt Militarism sym$ol as National /nthem) .lag an(

Holi(ay Z No : None, little, un<o,,icial, or in<su,,icient *o $le "tan(ar( &&& ;vil Cover! p &&& ;vil Conspiracy &&& or && /,is of ;vil &&& + 7ronically, (apanese War .rimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er sai/, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& 7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& Derman .)ancellor pai/ tri-ute at t)e entrance to Ausc)+it5an/ an/ promise/ t)at Germany will f lfill its "Moral -$ligation" to 2eep alive the memory of Nazi's crimes& Dermany le/ a commemoration o, %#t) anniversary o, t)e li-eration o, Na5is2 6uc)en+al/ Deat) .amp& ='e cannot change History) $ t this co ntry can learn a lot from the (eepest shame of o r History,= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er rge( the worl( never to forget the horrors perpetrate( $y the Nazis, =7 -o+ -e,ore you, t)e victims an/ t)eir ,amilies&= On Mar "%, ;##$ Derman 'oreign Minister gave a speec) ,or t)e =Remem$ering the 0ast) "haping the . t re= session an/ calls t)e (erusalem2s ne+ Holocaust memorial =/ place of '*eep "hame' for every German) $eca se the name of my co ntry) Germany) is an( will forever $e insepara$ly lin2e( to the "hoah) the ltimate crime against H manity&= Spea1ing to a special joint sitting o, parliament mar1ing t)e %# anniversary o, t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, Mr 9W)ler sai/: =We )ave t)e Responsi$ility to 2eep alive the memories of all the s ffering &&&& 'e Germans loo2 $ac2 with horror an( shame &&&&& = 7n a speec) to 7srael2s Parliament in ;###, Dermany2s Presi/ent (o)annes Cau ma/e an emotional plea ,or ,orgiveness ,or t)e Holocaust& He -ecame t)e ,irst Derman lea/er to a//ress t)e 7sraeli parliament, ='ith the people of 3srael watching) 3 $ow in h mility $efore those m r(ere() $efore those who (on't have graves where 3 co l( as2 them for forgiveness,= sai/ Cau, = 3 am ;B"

as2ing for forgiveness for what Germans have (one) for myself an( my generation) for the sa2e of o r chil(ren an( chil(ren's chil(ren&= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)rW/er implie/: Japan Can <earn .rom Germany saying post+ar 6erlin )a/ +on t)e respect o, its neig)-ors in )o+ it conten/e/ +it) its Na5i past& Ho+ever, atten/ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, @n/ o, War an/ in star1 contrast to an earnest apology -y Derman lea/er Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, at a press con,erence in Mosco+, Koiz mi sai( @ Japan has (one eno gh ""elf!;,amination=& 7n star1 contrast +it) very active Dermany2s Sc)roe/er participating in G<%# cele-rations in @urope, (apan2s 9oi5umi +as NO8 invite/ to participate in any o, its neig)-or2s Asian G<%# cele-rations in ;##$& 'hy Japanese wartime /pologies .ail ! / German 0erspective& German e,pert@ Japan nee(s to la nch self!critical (e$ate on History sai/ @-er)ar/ San/sc)nei/er, Director o, t)e Cesearc) 7nstitute o, t)e Derman .ouncil on 'oreign Celations& Me(ia 3ntim(ation in Japan ! / Close ;nco nter with Har( Japanese Nationalism & "ilence( Voices@ #he Japanese Me(ia) the Comfort 'omen #ri$ nal) an( the NHK /ffair& Japan fin(s itself staring at the 0ast as it loo2s into the . t re& Cemorseless (apan )as virtually pai/ not)ing ,or its )orri,ic +ar crimes an/ continues to maintain an innocence t)at contrasts vivi/ly +it) Dermany2s pro,oun/ sel,<examination& 'or %# years, t)e (apanese )ave /ance/ an/ /o/ge/ aroun/ t)e e/ges o, t)eir War .rimes an/ Atrocities& =8eac)ers are a,rai/ o, criticism ,rom t)e parents or a/ministration,= sai/ Mr& Haru1i Mura1ami, a (apanese +riter& He /escri-es )is o+n experience in )ig) sc)ool& Japanese history was a$r ptly c t off aro n( 5A?4, +)en class time +as up ,or t)e year& At +)ic) point t)e teac)er tol/ t)e class: =Please rea/ t)e remain/er on your o+n,= Mr& Mura1ami says t)at suc) )ig)<sc)ool experiences +ere common& 7ronically, (apanese War .rimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"&

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against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& 6ac1e/ an/ Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity, (apan is no+ see1ing its ultimate seal o, legitimacy ,or its current resurgence o, Militarism : a permanent seat on t)e U&N& Security .ouncil& 'umi1o Na1amura, a ?"<year<ol/ ,ormer pu-lic sc)ool teac)er, can2t s)a1e t)e pro,oun/ remorse s)e ,eels& Ms& Na1amura use/ to ex)ort )er stu/ents to ,ig)t ,or t)e @mperor& S)e is /eeply as)ame/ o, )er involvement in t)e +ar& = 3 will carry this sin as long as 3 live,= s)e says& As (apan expan/s its military roles a-roa/, )er voice )as gro+n lou/er& No+ t)at some (apanese lea/ers +ant to turn t)e =Sel,<De,ense 'orces= into 'ull<'le/ge/ Military, A5!years! ol( woman has $ecome more vocal than ever& "3 see certain parallels $etween present sit ations in Japan an( in the pre!war perio(,= s)e +arns& Noria1i 9amiya, a )ig) sc)ool social stu/ies teac)er in Nagoya& Cat)er t)an )i/ing )is ,amily )istory, 9amiya tal1e/ a-out it in )is classroom an/ aroun/ (apan& At ,irst )e re,erre/ to )is ,at)er o-li*uely, as an =ac*uaintance&= 6ut in "??$, a young Diet mem-er /eclare/ t)at )er generation -ore no responsi-ility ,or +artime atrocities, an/ )e sees +orrying signs o, a revival o, t)e same 1in/ o, nationalistic t)in1ing& So )e -egan spea1ing openly& = Japan has emphasize( the part of Japanese as victims) s ch as in Hiroshima& 7 t it hasn't to che( the shamef l parts&= sai/ 9amiya& 8)e Asia Peace Alliance o, (apan in (apan +)ic) )as support ,rom %B organi5ations +arne/ t)at nationalism is on t)e rise an/ more s)oul/ -e /one to prevent t)e younger generation ,rom t)in1ing t)at (apanese militarism is t)e +ay to go& =@veryt)ing 7 )ear t)ese /ays ma1es me really upset,= sai/ Sunao 8su-oi, no+ :# +as a university stu/ent +)en t)e -om- explo/e/ over Hiros)ima, =3 get a strong feeling that Japan is leaning to the right) that we're going (own a roa( that we've $een (own $efore,= His ,ace still visi-ly scarre/ ,rom t)e atomic -urns an/ is +orrie/ (apan may again -e )ea/e/ /o+n t)e pat) o, militarism& 9in)i/e Mus)a1oji, Pro,essor o, Osa1a University o, @conomics an/ Aa+, sai/: =No+ +e2re part o, t)e +est an/ militarizing in s pport of the /merican government& 0eople thin2 it's right) #hat's what's really the pro$lem 3'm concerne( a$o t&= 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/

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o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years $r tal ''33& Japan with a history of aggression) crimes against H manity) with N- signs of remorse) (oes N-# (eserve to $e a permanent mem$er on the %N "ec rity Co ncil&

.orgiveness) /pology) Compensation

#he /sian (ream of an %nion similar to the ; ropean %nion C;%D co l( only $e achieve( thro gh the only path availa$le) i&e& tr ly sincere apology) compensation) an( forgiveness& -nly then) all /sian co l( tr ly live peacef lly an( harmonio sly together in their /sian %nion& German lea(ers consistently apologize for their past aggression in the clearest possi$le terms& 'ormer German Chancellor 'illy 7ran(t once even fell to his 2nees at t)e site o, t)e "?B! Warsa+ D)etto Uprising on Dec , "? # in Polan/ in tri-ute +it) t)e tmost sincerity to t)ose +)o )a/ /ie/ t)ere at t)e Na5i )an/s& Alt)oug) he spo2e N- wor(s) $ t 7ran(t's historic th n(ering silent apology was the most powerf l wor(s ever spo2en for the worl( peace an( reconciliation& .or that) Germans have won $ac2 the worl('s high respect& ;BB

Willy 6ran/t2s ne+ Ostpoliti1, on /ealing +it) Dermany2s )istory in a serious +ay )a/ earne/ 6ran/t t)e 0eace No$el 0rice in "? "& "ym$olically) one in(ivi( al German 2nelt (own) h m$ly & "pirit ally) whole German nation stoo( p again) hono ra$ly& 3n a star2 contrast) sym$olically) one in(ivi( al Japanese stoo( there worshipping) st $$ornly & "pirit ally) whole Japanese nation 2nelt (own) shamef lly& W)en 6ran/t /escri-e/ t)e moment, =On t)e a-yss o, Derman )istory an/ carrying t)e -ur/en o, t)e millions +)o +ere mur/ere/, 3 (i( what people (o when wor(s fail them&= 7n ;###, t)e t)en Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er recalle/ 6ran/t2s )eroic act an/ sai/: ='e committe( crimes an( we confess to these crimes&= Per)aps -ecause a .)inese saying, = Repay ;vil with Virt e =, many .)inese say < = 'e can .orgive) $ t never .orget =& Ho+ever, t)e (apanese +ar crimes t)at +e 1no+ o, coul/ only -e t)e tip o, an ice-erg& 8)at is exactly +)y Arc)-is)op Desmon/ M& 8utu, "?:B No-el Peace Pri5e Aaureate, )as s)arply pointe/ out, ='e can only forgive what we 2now=& He )a/ also provi/e/ ,ore+or/ in t)e -oo1 #he Rape of Nan2ing@ /n %n(enia$le History in 0hotographs& Hajime 8a1ano, @/itor in c)ie,, 7nsi/er, commente/ on t)e = No 'ar Resol tion= an/ +rote a-out encountering a .)inese ,armer near S)ang)ai& 8)e ,armer tol/ )im, =8)e (apanese sol/iers )a/ come to my village, an/ c t off one of my arms& #hen they rape( an( 2ille( my wife an( my (a ghter right $efore my eyes& 7 t 3 (o N-# hate Japanese people) $eca se they are also the victim of Japanese 3mperialism) an( we shall wor2 han( in han( to create a war!free worl(&= 8)e @/itor in c)ie,, Hajime 8a1ano continue/: 3 wo l( N-# (are face to the same farmer) rea( o t that (espica$le No 'ar Resol tion of the *iet) an( say to him) "#his is how we have come to feel after 4: years&= 9aoru O1ano, (apanese Pro,essor o, politics at Meiji University sai/, =(apan, +)ic) ma/e use o, t)is important resolution ,or political means, )as -een ma/e a laug)ing stoc1 o, t)e +orl/&= 8o inva/e an/ coloni5e .)ina, (apan )a/ move/ approx& ; Millions o, (apanese to .)ina in Manc)uria& A,ter /e,eating t)e (apanese army in Manc)uria, Soviet Army committe/ -rutalities to+ar/s (apanese civilian& At Degenmiao in Manc)uria, over one t)ousan/ (apanese civilian +ere slaug)tere/, 1no+n as t)e Gegenmiao 3nci(ent& @very year, (apanese =Association o, 6ereave/ 'amilies ,rom t)e 8)ree S)ips 7nci/ent= as1s (apanese government to /eman/ an apology ,rom Cussia ,or t)e 1illing o, ", #: retreating ;B$

(apanese civilian on t)e Ogasa+ara<Maru, t)e 8aito<Maru an/ t)e Dai<Ni S)in1o Maru ,ollo+ing (apanLs surren/er& Ho+ever, Japanese (eman( of R ssia's apology is ine,trica$ly lin2e( to JapanMs own e,treme atrocio s Crimes& 7t is estimate/ t)at as many as ;#,### (apanese civilians +ere le,t -e)in/ in .)ina& /ltho gh the Chinese s ffere( many e,treme $r talities committe( $y the Japanese) after the 'ar) many Chinese families still a(opte( the a$an(one( Japanese orphan chil(ren& 7n nort)east .)ina an/ eastern 7nner Mongolia t)ousan/s o, ot)er 2in(!hearte( Chinese women li2e <i "h ,ian ha( a(opte( these a$an(one( Japanese orphans& A-out 6)9:: a$an(one( Japanese in China) incl (ing ?)4:: n(er the age of 5?) ret rne( to Japan since 5A8? accor(ing to the Japanese Health Ministry& Most +ere raise/ -y .)inese +)o 1in/ly a/opte/ t)em& Accor/ing to researc) carrie/ out -y Pro,essor Ju Iiao,an o, Nort)east Normal University, Chinese families a(opte( at least 4):::!8)::: Japanese orphans& 8)ese (apanese orp)ans starte/ suing t)e (apanese government& 7n ;##%, (apanese 9o-e District .ourt rule/ t)at t)ese Japanese a$an(one( ''ar -rphan' sho l( $e pai( compensation& Ho+ever, in ;## , #o2yo *istrict Co rt re>ects Japanese ''ar -rphan' s it& =7 il(ing a resting place in northern China for Chinese foster parents) many of them very poor) is the least we can (o in ret rn for ta2ing care of tho san(s of Japanese chil(ren,= explains 7samu @n/o, no+ %$, +)o )as -uilt a cemetery ,or t)e .)inese ,oster parents +)o too1 care o, t)ese a-an/one/ (apanese c)il/ren in .)ina& @n/o, +)o +as only % +)en )e +as orp)ane/ an/ le,t -e)in/ in .)ina, says he will never forget the 2in(ness of his Chinese foster mother who loo2e( after him an( sent him to school (espite the fact that he was the chil( of the enemy ! Japan& =3 ha( mi,e( feelings at first& 'hat (eci(e( me was 2nowing that P G ilan wo l( (ie if 3 (i(n't a(opt her) so 3 overcame my hatre( of the Japanese an( raise( her as my own&= No+ :", Ai S)uxian lives alone& Her a/opte/ (apanese /aug)ter Iu Duilan )as settle/ in (apan an/ visits )er occasionally& =#here is a lesson to $e learnt from my Chinese parents witho t whose care 3 wo l( not $e alive now& #hese ol( people can teach Japan the val e of repentance) the most important step to transcen(ing enmity,= says @n/o& 0eace activists have $eg n a campaign to t rn the cemetery into a sym$ol of Japan! China frien(ship as +ell as compel t)e (apanese government to accept its +ar )istory an/ apologise to victims in Asia&

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7n Singapore, t)en a 6ritis) colony +)ere (apanese troops 1ille/ as many as "##,### et)nic .)inese Singaporan, ;liza$eth Choy) now A4) praise( as a war heroine in "ingaporean school $oo2s) sai( she's forgiven the Japanese Kempeitai secret police who tormente( her for nearly ?:: (ays& "3 have no ill feelings towar( the Japanese)" Choy sai(& "'hat 3 (etest is not the Japanese) $ t 'ar itself&= 7n a ceremony commemorating t)e %#t) G<( Day, mem-ers ,rom ;; countries unveile/ a Peace Monument, a +all %# metres long an/ %# steps )ig) in 6eijing2s .)aoyang Par1, ,un/e/ ,rom private /onations +orl/+i/e& A1ie 9ato, a (apanese represente/ t)e (apanese veterans to sign t)e 6eijing Peace Declaration in t)e ceremony& Her h s$an( was capt re( $y Chinese forces in 5AG: an( later >oine( an anti!war alliance organize( $y Japanese) fighting on the Chinese si(e in 5AG4 an( even helping the 0eople's <i$eration /rmy in li$erating the Northeast& =0eace an( > stice are what we fo ght for,= s)e sai/& =8)e +ar cause/ catastrop)e to -ot) t)e .)inese an/ (apanese peoples& 8)e value o, peace is immeasura-le&= 'ormer US PoW slave la-or Dr& Aester 8enney, aut)or o, "My Hitch in Hell@ #he 7ataan *eath March" sai/ t)e ,ollo+ing: =&&&&&& 7y my forgiving 3 am now free& No longer am 3 a 0risoner of 'ar& 8)ose men +)o -eat an/ torture/ me are no longer alive in my min/& 8)ose a+,ul memories ,rom years past lay /ormant, al+ays t)ere, -ut no longer consuming ot)er t)oug)ts t)at +oul/ ma1e my li,e +)ole once again&= =3 have learne( to forgive) $ t 3 will never forget) an( thro gh forgiveness 3 have fo n( free(om& 7y my forgiving those who have wronge( me) 3 have recovere( my (ignity) my honor an( my self!esteem& 7y forgiving 3 have fo n( inner peace &&&&&&&&=& A,ter t)e ,ilm screening o, a+ar/<+inning /ocumentary Japanese *evils, an emotional .)inese +oman au/ience rose to spea1 o, )o+ )er gran/mot)er )a/ seen )er -rot)er sta--e/ to /eat) -y (apanese sol/iers on t)e eve o, )is +e//ing& Her gran/mot)er )a/ raise/ )er to )ate all (apanese& S)e spo1e o, the heavy $ r(en this hatre( ha( $ecome after she $egan to meet some frien(ly Japanese& 6rea1ing /o+n several times, s)e spo1e o, )o+ s)e wishe( her gran(mother ha( $een a$le to see Japanese *evils) as it finally allowe( her to see Japanese as h man $eings li2e herself& NH9Ls "??! /ocumentary =#he 0hantom .oreign Ministry Report@ #he Recor( of Chinese .orce( <a$or=, toget)er +it) its "??B -oo1, expose/ t)e (apanese government2s post+ar campaign to eva/e accounta-ility ,or .)inese Slave -y suppressing evi/ence an/ /eceiving t)e Diet& 8)e /ocumentary +on an Asia<+i/e -roa/casting a+ar/ an/ is regularly s)o+n in courtrooms o, Slave la+suits&

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8)e /ocumentary ,eature/ a ,ormer (apanese sol/ier a/mitte/ on camera to a-/ucting .)inese, -ayonet practice on live .)inese an/ tossing o, )ar/core .)inese Slaves, un-lin/,ol/e/, into a -last ,urnace at a Jing/ao steel mill& =3 $ecame a (evil then& #he regret will never leave my heart)" the man tol( NHK& ";ven now when 3 see a white! haire( man on the street) 3 won(er) "*i( that g y also $ecome a (evil ( ring the war + "& /z ma "hiro) a former Japanese sol(ier who was the first to p $licly a(mit an( apologize for Nan>ing crimes& He personally went to Nan>ing 8 times to apologize& He tirelessly re-ut (apanese /eniers -y pu-lis)ing )is o+n +ar /irary =My Nan2ing 0latoon= an/ gave numerous pu-lic speec)es& He /onate/ )is +ar /irary to t)e Nanjing Memorial Hall& He -ecame an important +itness in t)e (apanese court la+ suits ,or t)e .)inese victims& He su,,ere/ )arassment, t)reats an/ +as sue/ ,or li-el -y (apanese rig)t<+ings +)o /enounce/ )im as a traitor& Many calle/ A5uma S)iro as t)e =Conscience of Japan=& 8)roug) )is sincerity, not only )e )a/ earne/ t)e ,orgiveness ,rom t)e .)inese victims, )e +as also highly respecte( $y the Nan>ing Chinese who ha( even cele$rate( his EEth $irth(ay when he was in Nan>ing 5AAA& Mr& O)sa+a 0u)1ic)i +as a ,ormal (apanese sol/ier& S)ortly -e,ore )e passe/ a+ay, )e gave )is son a piece o, paper an/ ,inally reveale/ )is /ar1est secret at t)e en/ o, )is li,e& On t)e paper, it rea/s : =7 )ave serve/ in t)e ,ormer military ,or t+elve years an/ eig)t mont)s& Among t)ose years, 7 serve/ tens years as a lo+er ran1 .)ina<-ase/ army o,,icer 3ex<MP +arrant o,,icer4 in t)e military police in 8ianjin, 6eijing, S)anxi Province, Aing,en, Aianc)eng, Ol/ Manc)uria, an/ Donglin, etc& 7 participate/ in t)e +ar o, aggression& 3 am very sorry for what 3 have (one to the Chinese people& 3 want to apologize over an( over&= He as1e/ )is son to )ave the a$ove wor(s engrave( on his tom$stone& His son is no+ an active volunteer ,or t)e victims < see My .ather's /pology -y 9ura)as)i Aya1o& 6ut, anot)er ,ormer (apanese sol/ier re,use/ to repentent an/ +as )aunte/ every single nig)t in )is /eat) -e/ -y +)at )e /i/& 7n )is o+n son2s +or/s: =my ,at)er ran +il/, 1illing, -urning, looting in Hang5)ou, Iu5)ou, Wu)an, .)ong*ing along t)e river o, .)ang (iang& He -ecame a )omici/al maniac , a looter< 1iller, an/ a arsonist&&&&&= =+)en t)e evening an/ nig)t came, )e starte/ to )o+l, cry an/ s)out lou/ly, [ +aaa), +aaa), +aaa), \ ma1ing every-o/y aroun/ sleepless&&&&&& Momentarily )e stoppe/ )o+ling, -ut )is )an/s +ere s)a1ing as i, )e +ere ,rig)tene/ o, somet)ing terri-le&&&&& His scream an( cry

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reso n(e( in every corner of the sic2 war( ( ring the night& No close( (oor co l( stop the noise from coming in &&&&&&&= =7 tol/ my sister t)at 3 wo l( not atten( the f neral of my father overwhelme( $y my anger over the father's (enial& Ho+ever, t)ere is one consolation to me , t)at is, )e never ma/e /iscriminative remar1s a-out .)inese people& 8ime an/ time again since my c)il/)oo/, )e tol/ me t)at .)inese +ere all -roa/<min/e/ an/ 1in/)earte/ people&&&&&&= =7 once )ear/ )im murmuring to )imsel,, =t)at +ar, +)at an a-sur/ t)ingQ &&&&&&= 8)ese are t)e only +or/s close to repentance&&&&&&&= =His )o+ling an/ s)outing continue/ over a mont)& 7t must )ave -een t)e cry o, ,ear ,rom .)inese victims )e mur/ere/ /uring t)e +ar&&&&&&&= 'or /etails, see My .ather an( #he 'ar -y S)oji Mita& =7 am no+ :# years ol/,= says Masao S)i1a/a, ='or t)e rest o, my /ays, 7 +ill tal1 a-out t)e +ar o, invasion &&&&& 3 m st fin( a way to tell f t re generations that we m st never commit s ch transgressions again& #hat is the very least 3 can (o to atone for my sins=& 8atsutaro Hon/a gave )is ,inal ",";$t) +ar experience lecture one /ay -e,ore )is ?; -irt)/ay& =War -rings not)ing -ut separation an/ /eat)&= Hon/a tol/ )is au/iance t)at )o+ )e t)rust a -ayonet into a .)inese& =3 can't forget his eyes an( his ashen e,pression& He stare( straight at me& / sin is a sin) even in 'ar& 3 remain $itterly sorry an( ashame(=& 8a1as)i Nagase +as a military interpreter ,or t)e /rea/e/ Japanese Kempeitai in t)e prison camp o, t)e B"$ 1m 8)ai<6urma Cail+ay ma/e ,amous in t)e movie =6ri/ge on t)e Civer 9+ai=& W)en t)e +ar en/e/, )e spent +ee1s locating "!,### a-an/one/ -o/ies along t)e Cail+ay ,or t)e Allie/ War Draves .ommission& =8)e +or1 o, searc)ing ,or -o/ies c)ange/ my +)ole li,e,= 8a1as)i Nagase -egan to +rite an/ lecture in (apan a-out t)e )orrors )e )a/ seen an/ )ars)ly critici5es (apanese military an/ t)e @mperor, =#he ;mperor sho l( apologize for what was (one in his name&= Nagase +ants to re/eem -y 7 il(ing 7ri(ges -ver Hate& He use/ )is o+n money to -uil/ memorials across 8)ailan/, inclu/ing a 6u//)ist peace temple near t)e -ri/ge, an/ to ,un/ e/ucation programs in t)e area& He has ret rne( to #hailan( 5?4 times to "calm his so l"& At : , Nagase 1no+s )is time is s)ort an/ /esperately +ants t)e rail+ay /eclare/ a U&N& Worl/ Heritage Site -e,ore )e /ies& =#he shame $elongs to the whole Japanese race=, )e says& 7n "? %, )e organi5e/ t)e ,irst reunions -et+een ex<PoWs an/ (apanese sol/iers on t)e -ri/ge +)ic) +as overseen -y 8)ai riot police =just in case=& e,!0o' ;ric <oma, went to #hailan( en(e( p comforting a sha2ing) crying Nagase who simply 2ept saying@ "3 am so sorry) so very) very sorry"& Nagase +as critici5e/ -y t)e (apanese press ,or )ol/ing t)e 8)ai national ,lag rat)er t)an t)e

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Japanese notorio s Rising " n flag& "*o they 2now how many people were sla ghtere( n(er that flag += )e as1s& @very year, 7+ata Cyu5o, a (apanese mon1 #, ma1es an apology trip to .)ina& 9nelt an/ praye/ at t)e Memorial& = /s long as 3 live 3 will ma2e an apology to China every year,= sai/ Cyu5o& He )ope/ )is act +oul/ raise a+areness among young people in (apan o, t)e atrocities& =Most o, t)e people aroun/ me, even my ,amily mem-ers, strongly oppose my act& 7 even receive/ p)one calls t)reatening to 1ill me i, 7 insiste/ in carrying out my /ee/,= Cyu5o sai/& He chante( script res an( performe( rit als at the notorio s Japanese germ warfare site an( memorial& )e )a/ also ma/e $ trips to S&9orea an/ praye/ ,or t)e victims t)ere& During t)e War, 7nose 9en5o +)o ,orci-ly 1i/nappe/ an/ /eporte/ .)inese Slaves to (apan, +rote a -oo1 =Mo ntain "tream of *eep Regret=& 7nose later )elpe/ ,orm t)e 8oc)igi c)apter o, t)e (apan<.)ina 'rien/s)ip Association, a group t)at )as -een promoting .)inese Slaves reparations ,or )al, a century& 7n "? !, a =.)inese Martyre/ Heroes Memorial= +as erecte/ at As)io& Aocal (apanese resi/ents use/ "#? stones ,orme/ t)e -ase o, t)e memorial +it) a name list o, t)e "#? /ea/ .)inese Slave remains& =My atonement a,ter t)e +ar is not over yet,= 7nose 9en5o says +it) a paine/ expression& =7 must continue atoning& "#? people /ie/ at As)io& 7, t)ere are still people living in .)ina +)o )ave not ,orgotten t)eir resentment, 3 tr ly want to meet them an( apologize& #his memorial alone (oes not settle the past&= 0os)io S)ino5u1a, a ,ormer mem-er o, Unit !", no+ :!, )as /evote/ )imsel, to ma1ing amen/s& 7n "?? )e testi,ie/ on -e)al, o, t)e ":# .)inese 6iological victims suing (apan ,or compensation& )o+ever, #he co rt (enie( them apology an( compensation& 8)e co rt again (enie( them compensation an( apology in ?::4& 7n "??:, )e trie/ to spea2 at peace conferences in %&"& an( Cana(a) $ t immigration t rne( him away as a war criminal& 6ut S)ino5u1a argue/ t)at t)ose li1e )imsel, who want to tell the tr th a$o t war crimes sho l( not $e on the watch list& =3t too2 me a long time to get $eyon( the e,c se that 3 was > st following or(ers,= )e sai/& =7 +as /oing +)at 7 +as tol/& An/ 7 mig)t very +ell )ave -een 1ille/ )a/ 7 /iso-eye/& 6ut +)at +e /i/ +as so terri-le t)at 7 s)oul/ )ave re,use/, even i, t)at meant my o+n /eat)& 6ut 7 /i/n2t /o t)at& An/ 7 +ill never -e ,orgiven&= 8)oug) )e o,ten +ante/ to tell )is story, =No one +ante/ to )ear +)at 7 +as saying,= )e sai/& =#he Japanese prefer to thin2 of themselves as victims in the war& @ven t)e peace movement people tol/ me t)at tal1ing a-out (apan2s role as an aggressor +asn2t constructive& 6ut 7 coul/n2t let t)is piece o, )istory remain in t)e /ar1&= @very May, a couple /o5en o, S)ino5u1a2s comra/es join )im at t)e temple in 0o1aic)i-a, a village a-out "## 1ilometers east o, 8o1yo& Near t)e S)ino5u1a ,amily plot, they have $ ilt a simple stone mon ment for their Chinese victims& "'e e,press o r $ottomless gratit (e to the Chinese people) an( o r (eepest apologies&" the mon ment says& ;$#

=Sol/iers impale/ -a-ies on -ayonets an/ tosse/ t)em still alive into pots o, -oiling +ater,= Nagatomi Ha1u/o sai/ with (eepest remorse& He is now an ac p nct rist in Japan an( has $ ilt a shrine of remorse in his waiting room an( patients can watch vi(eo tapes of his trial in Nan2ing an( a f ll confession of his crimes& =8)ey gang<rape/ +omen ,rom t)e ages o, "; to :# an/ t)en 1ille/ t)em +)en t)ey coul/ no longer satis,y sexual re*uirements& 7 -e)ea/e/ people, starve/ t)em to /eat), -urne/ t)em, an/ -urie/ t)em alive, over t+o )un/re/ in all& 7t is terri-le t)at 7 coul/ turn into an animal an/ /o t)ese t)ings& 8)ere are really no +or/s to explain +)at 7 +as /oing& 3 was tr ly a (evil&= 7c)iro 9oyama, no+ :B ,ormer (apanese sol/ier an/ later a PoW, sai/ )is strong anti<+ar sentiments an/ sense o, mission gre+ out o, )is prison re,lections& He +as sentence/ to /eat) -y a .)inese tri-unal, -ut release/ in an act o, clemency a,ter "" years in prison& =We )a/ -eaten t)e .)inese an/ execute/ people, -ut t)ey /i/n2t -eat us& 7 o,ten sat +on/ering +)y t)at +as&= #he answer) Koyama sai() lay in c lt re an( e( cation) with the Japanese $eing ta ght they were a race apart& " 'e tho ght the Chinese an( people of "o theast /sia were inferior to s& 'e 2new they were h man) $ t they were a lower class& We +ere taug)t ,rom a young age to a/ore t)e @mperor, an/ t)at i, +e /ie/ in -attle our souls +oul/ go to 0asu1uni (inja& We just /i/n2t t)in1 anyt)ing o, 1illing, o, massacres or atrocities& 7t all seeme/ normal&= 0asuo 8ogas)i +as ? +)en )e an/ )is neig)-ors c)eere/ +)en t)e -one<t)in Hanao2a Chinese "lave escapees were recapt re(& W)en )e -ecame an a/ult, )e +as over+)elme/ +it) regret as )e learne/ +)at t)ose .)inese en/ure/& ='e tho ght the Chinese weren't even h man, an/ +e +ere )appy +)en t)ey +ere caug)t& No+, 7 ,eel not)ing -ut remorse&= sai/ 8ogas)i, %?, a retire/ teac)er& He an/ ot)ers )ave )ave -uilt monuments& 8)e to+n )ol/s an annual remem-rance ,or t)e victims& ='e have to ma2e an apology from the heart&= 8ogas)i sai/& = 'e were ta ght that we were a s perior race since we live( only for the sa2e of a h man go( !! o r emperor& 7 t the Chinese were not& So +e )el/ not)ing -ut contempt ,or t)em&= S)iro A5uma is t)e ,irst (apanese sol/ier to pu-licly a/mit an/ apologi5e ,or +)at )e /i/& He tol/ )is story -y pu-lis)ing )is /iaries =My Nan2ing 0latoon= an/ +as sue/ ,or li-el& 6ut A5uma vo+s to 1eep ,ig)ting in courts ,or t)e rig)t to spea1 trut), =3 am E6 year ol( now) $ t 3 will fight to (eath li2e a yo ng man) $ t this time is not for the ;mperor $ t for the J stice an( the History&= /z ma compare( the Nan>ing Massacre to the Holoca st& = #hese two were the most inh man trage(ies ( ring the "econ( 'orl( 'ar,= sai/ A5uma& =We use/ -ar-e/ +ire to -in/ t)e capture/ .)inese into -un/les o, ten an/ tie/ t)em onto rac1s& #hen we po re( gasoline on them an( $ rne( them alive& 3 felt li2e 2illing pigs&= sai/ 9o5o 8a/o1oro, ,ormer (apanese sol/ier&

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7n t)e (an& "?B; issue o, 7 ngei "h n> , one o, (apan2s most popular mont)ly maga5ine, article =;sta$lishing a Japanese Racial 'orl(view" e,plaine( the Japanese concept of "0roper 0lace" an( state( that the Japanese is "the most s perior race in the worl(=& #o the Japanese) 5G years of in!h man $r tality was a Holy 'ar& 8)ey +ere ,ig)ting ,or t)e Do/<li1e @mperor& Accor/ing to =0asu1uni Dai)ya11a= 30asu1uni encyclope/ia4, a pamp)let pu-lis)e/ -y t)e S)rine, War .riminals are calle/ ="howa martyrs= Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo: 3f there was no ;mperor ) there wo l( $e no Japan &&&&&& DM : 6ut t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo : 3 2now nothing a$o t his roots ) $ t 3 was astonishe( that he sai( s ch a thing &&&&&& Japan re(iscovers its Korean past & & & & & #he ;mperor's new roots ! ;mperor (eclare( his own Korean ancestry& 7t is -ecause (apanese Nara city +as t)e capital o, (apan ,rom %B! an/ ?B A&D& +)ere (apan2s earliest @mperors +ere -urie/& 7n ,act, Concl sive evi(ences have shown that Japanese Nara 0refect re was act ally a Korean colony& 8)e +or/ =Nara= itsel, means =mot)erlan/= in 9orean& 8)e Meiji government also agree/ t)at 8ai5en 9uma5a+a ,rom Nara +as t)e legitimate )eir o, t)e sout)ern 0os)ino court& 7n ?::5, ;mperor /2ihito sai( he feels a close "2inship" with Korean an/ cite/ t)e ,act t)at t)e mother of ;mperor Kamm was also a Korean& He also appreciate/ Korean c lt re an( technology $ro ght to Japan& 3n fact) more acc rately, it sho l( $e "from China via Korea to Japan"& 7n 5AEG, ;mperor Hirohito ma(e similar statement that the 3mperial family ha( a "close 2inship" with Korea& 7n ,act, t)e ant)ropologists an/ arc)eologists )ave confirme( that the mo(ern Japanese came I ite late from the mainlan( /sia to Japan only aro n( G:: 7&C&) that is a very shallow root & *N/ research has confirme( Japanese are close genetic 2in to $oth Chinese an( Korean& =Arc)aeology )as ma/e a lot o, progress,= sai/ Hisao 6a-a, curator o, ant)ropology at t)e National Science Museum in 8o1yo, =-ut politics has ma(e it (iffic lt for the Japanese general p $lic to ta2e a critical loo2 at their own past&= 7ronically, Racial 0re> (ice an/ Japanese Militaristic 7rain!'ash of $elieving other /sian as " $!H man was so s ccessf l) Most Japanese simply forgot the fact that ;$;

M-"# of their so pro (ly proclaime( "s perior" c lt re are really originate( from "inferior" China& 'riting (i(n't even appear in Japan ntil Chinese c lt re was importe( & @ven to/ay, t)e (apanese +riting still a/opts many .)inese c)aracters&

8)e Japanese "7anzai " or "Manzai" was also originate( from the Chinese "'ans i" for the Chinese ;mperor& 8)e Japanese ol( capital Nara was act ally mo(elle( after Chang'an) the Chinese capital of #ang China which was the largest city on ;arth at t)e time& Kyoto was the former 3mperial "Capital City" of Japan& 3t was also the first Japan's planne( capital& Kyoto city's layo t an( 2ey $ il(ings were also mo(elle( after Chinese capital Changan& Japan) it might $e sai() atten(e( the Chinese school of civilization in China& 6et+een %# an/ :!:, (apan sent "? missions to .)ina << on average, one every "; years& 9no+le/ge +as t)e principal goal& Mon1s stu/ie/ Ch'an 3 i&e& Nen 4 an/ ot)er sects o, 6u//)ism E o,,icials stu/ie/ government E sc)olars stu/ie/ literature E /octors stu/ie/ me/icine E artists stu/ie/ arts E an/ so on &&&&& e&g& (apanese 'riting , Me(icine , 0oetry , /rchitect re , <iterat re , Nen CCh'anD , "hinto , 0ainting , M sic , Gar(en , 7onsai Ctray plantingD , 32e$ana Cflower arrangingD , #ea , Calligraphy , *r m , Chopstic2s , -rigami Cpaper fol(ingD , New 1ear , Go Game C'ei KiD , Kimono , Karate , J >its , J (o , Ken(o &&&&&&& 8)e e,tremely frien(ly relationship $etween the ? co ntries was the most e,traor(inary one Cpro$a$ly N- parallel in worl( HistoryD of #eacher!to!0 pil&

(apanese sc)olars +)o )a/ stu/ie/ .)inese even create( a new name for their co ntry sing the Chinese phrase for "origin of the s n) s nrise" -ecause (apan is locate/ east o, .)ina& (apan also implemente/ its 1oro Clothing Co(e $y copying the China's official #ang (ress co(es) an( importe( Japanese Kimono from China's ' !%et area& 8)at is +)y even to/ay, many (apanese 9imono pro,essionals still call it Gof 2 +)ic) means =Clothes of ' = ,rom .)ina& 8)e Chinese #ra(itional Hanf /isappeare/ -ecause .)ing Dynasty -rutally pro)i-ite/ t)e Han .)inese ,rom +earing an/ ,orce/ t)em to )ave a Manc)urian pigtail t)roug) numerous massacres& Ho+ever, .)inese 8ra/itional Han,u a/vocates no+ promote t)em -y wearing it in the p $lic an/ in Chinese ceremonies , Chinese female a( lthoo( ceremony, easily mista1en to -e Japanese Kimono or t)e Korean Han$o2 -ecause -ot) o, t)em are -ase/ on Chinese Hanf & Some pictures o, t)e Hanf (esign& ;$!

@ven t)e name of Japanese ;mperor Mei>i ChingD " ) a Chinese Classic&

was originate( from "1i Jing C3

Having a name for the ;mperor's era is also a tra(ition following the Chinese ;mperor&

#he name of ;mperor Hirohito's reign ""howa

" is originate( from ""h Jing

" ) a Chinese Classic ) which means ";nlightene( 0eace=&

#he name of ;mperor /2ihito's reign "Heisei " an( ""h Jing ;verywhere=&

") is originate( from ""hi Ji

") $oth Chinese Classics ) which means "0eace

7ronically, the sole p rpose of the Chinese Classic ""hi Ji #r th of History as a mirror an( learn from it&

" was to preserve the

7n late "?t) century, in or/er to /istinguis) t)emsel, ,rom t)e ot)er minority et)nic groups, again following Chinese way sing an era name) the Japanese call themself the "1amato people " which means ) ironically ) "#he Great 0eacef l Race"& 8)e name comes ,rom 1amato 0erio(&

@mperor Meiji also too1 t)e name 1as 2 ni

"hrine from a phrase in "Ch nIi

N oshi Nh an " C"h n> "ashi(enD ) another Chinese Classic ) meaning "7ringing 0eace to a Nation&=

="hinto " itself is Chinese wor(s +)ic) means =t)e +ay o, t)e go/s= 3S)inSgo/sE 8o is 8aoSt)e +ay4& #he concl sion is that @ 7asically) the Japanese so pro (ly proclaime( s perior c lt re is really the Chinese c lt re with only minor mo(ifications& 7ronically, Japanese $elieve( that their own C lt ral #eacher ) the Chinese ) were s $!H man , an/ t)en /eci/e/ to = Repay Virt e with ;vil = t)roug) Wars& Noria1i 9amiya, a )ig) sc)ool social stu/ies teac)er in Nagoya& He +asn2t sure +)at )is o+n ,at)er, Minoru 9amiya, )a/ /one as a sol/ier& He suspecte/ t)ere mig)t -e somet)ing /ar1, somet)ing unmentiona-le in )is ,amily2s past& 6ut ,inally, +)en )is ,at)er +as seriously ill in "??B, )is ,at)er con,esse/ all )is unit !" guilt to )is son& ;$B

Cat)er t)an )i/ing )is ,amily )istory, 9amiya tal1e/ a-out it in )is classroom an/ aroun/ (apan& At ,irst )e re,erre/ to )is ,at)er o-li*uely, as an =ac*uaintance&= 6ut in "??$, a young Diet mem-er /eclare/ t)at )er generation -ore no responsi-ility ,or +artime atrocities, an/ )e sees +orrying signs o, a revival o, t)e same 1in/ o, nationalistic t)in1ing& So )e -egan spea1ing openly& =#he ghosts of %nit 895 are still alive)" sai( Kamiya) "Japan has emphasize( the part of Japanese as victims) s ch as in Hiroshima& 7 t it hasn't to che( the shamef l parts& We s)oul/ teac) c)il/ren )istory as it )appene/ an/ leave t)em to ju/ge&= Hon/a 8atsutaro, no+ ?" year ol/, +ent to .)ina in )is : /ays long apology ,or 1illing .)inese PoWs& He 2nelt (own on the Marco 0olo 7ri(ge in sout)+est 6eijing, site o, )ostilities t)at le/ to (apan ,ull scale +ar invasion in (uly , "?! an/ sai/, =3 committe( crimes against the Chinese& .or the past 6: years 3 have $een s ffering from a strong neasiness ca se( $y a sense of g ilt& Kneeling (own) in that sense) is the $est way to e,press my feeling&=

.or most Japanese) the co rageo s I estion is still ha nting @ 'hat (i( yo (o in the 'ar) *a((y +& 9osu1e 8a1a)as)i, ,ormer sta,, +riter at t)e Asa)i S)im-un an/ is currently a ,reelance correspon/ent, +rote an appeal letter "#o His Ma>esty) the ;mperor /2ihito of Japan @ =3 $eseech yo to a(mit yo r father's war responsi$ility) at least his moral responsi$ility) an( to finish off any iss es relate( to past wrongs, +)ic) )ave -een overs)a/o+ing (apan ,or /eca/es& 7 am !% an/ /o not +ant to leave any 1in/ o, )istorical issues regar/ing (apan2s past +rongs to t)e next generation& 3 (o not want to pass any 2in( of historical iss es to yo r gran((a ghter 0rincess /i2o's generation&= =7 sometimes +on/er +)y my generation still )as to ,ace up so many times to t)e nation2s past +rongs& 7 t)in1 t)is is $eca se my gran(parents' an( parents' generations have faile( to overcome the wrongs -y not grappling +it) t)e nation2s past& An/ it2s *uite unnatural an/ sa( to see that we Japanese still (o N-# have any revere( national flag an( anthem, /espite t)e "??: /esignation o, Hinomaru an/ 9imigayo as national em-lems& Still, t)ey are not em-lems o, enlig)tenment&&&&&&&= 7n "? %, 8a1as)i Nagase organi5e/ t)e first re nions $etween e,!0o's an( Japanese sol(iers on the $ri(ge of G54 2m #hai!7 rma Railway of *eath& He +ants to re/eem -y 7 il(ing 7ri(ges -ver Hate& 6ut )e +as critici5e/ -y t)e (apanese press ,or )ol/ing t)e 8)ai national ,lag rat)er t)an t)e Japanese notorio s Rising " n flag& "*o they 2now how many people were sla ghtere( n(er that flag += )e as1s& ;$$

7n "??$, on t)e $#t) anniversary o, U&N& an/ en/ o, t)e +ar, (apan consi/ere/ an/ propose/ a =No 'ar Resol tion= in an e,,ort to re,lect its past )istory& Ho+ever, it +as re>ecte( $y Japanese *iet mainly $eca se it containe( a formal official apology ,or its +artime atrocities& 8)e revise/ version )a/ t)e official apology (elete(& #hat was e,actly why on / g 54) 5AA4 Japanese 0rime Minister #omiichi M rayama co l( only offer a personal apology to mar2 the 4:th anniversary en( of ''33& 3t was a personal apology N-# passe( $y the Japanese parliament& 7n Sept "?? (apanese Prime Minister Cyutaro Has)imoto also reiterate/ t)e apology& Again, )is apology +as NO8 approve/ -y t)e parliament& 7n Oct& : ;##" (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi, issue/ an apoplgy a,ter visiting t)e Augou*iao 3 Marco 0olo 6ri/ge4, site o, )ostilities t)at le/ to a f ll scale war invasion in J ly 8, "?! & 8)e apology +as simply -ase/ on an/ /i/ not go -eyon/ t)e +or/ing use/ in a "??$ statement -y Murayama& 7t +as )is personal apology an/ NO8 passe/ -y (apanese Diet& 8)is +as exactly +)y in Nov& "??:, Japanese newspaper "an2ei "him$ n ran a very naive hea(line@ "'e are fe( p of saying sorry"& 7n "??:, Japan (isappointe( China ( ring the 5AAE s mmit $y ref sing to se the wor( "apology" in a >oint (eclaration, alt)oug) t)en prime minister 9ei5o O-uc)i apologi5e/ ver-ally& 6ut t)e -rot)er o, +artime emperor Hiro)ito, Prince Mi1asa +)o )a/ ,irst<)an/ experiences o, t)e +ar as )e +as statione/ as an army o,,icer in t)e eastern .)inese city o, Nanjing ,rom "?B! to early "?BB, apologi5e/ to .)ina over +ar at an imperial palace -an*uet in 8o1yo: = 3'm still profo n(ly ashame( of the violence committe( $y the 3mperial Japanese /rmy& 3 want to apologize to the Chinese people,= sai/ t)e (apanese Prince Mi1asa& 7n ,act, Japan has N;V;R offere( any government official apology that is formally an( officially approve( $y Japanese 0arliament as a "#r e <egal National /pology" using t)e more sincere (apanese +or/ = shazai =, NO8 t)e muc) less sincere (apanese +or/ =owa$i= ,or its unspea1a-le )orri,ic War .rimes, an/ ta1es ,ull legal an/ moral responsi-ilities& 8suneo Watana-e, (apanese Me/ia tycoon, c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance, no+ calls for clearer war apology $y Japanese premiers, =3t wo l( $e $est for 0arliament to set p a stan(ing committee on war responsi$ility an( e,press its position=& Japanese former 0M M rayama ha( trie( very har( for the official apology) $ t faile( misera$ly to ac)ieve it in t)e = No 'ar Resol tion= ,or t)e $#t) anniversary o, U&N& an/ ;$%

@n/ t)e War in "??$& #hat was e,actly why M rayama co l( only offer his 0ersonal /pology in 5AA4 an( repeate(ly se( the wor(s "3") "me") an( "my"& 'urt)ermore, M rayama only se( the m ch less sincere Japanese wor( "-wa$i", NO8 =shazai = in )is personal apology& 0rofessor 1oshimi 1oshia2i of Mo(ern Japanese History at Ch o %niversity in #o2yo) e,plaine( that "-wa$i" is only "slightly more weighty than an Ue,c se meM offere( when one $ mps sho l(ers with someone on the s $way&= 7ritish veterans acc se( M rayama "f (ging the iss e $y ma2ing the apology a 0ersonal one" & / stralia's reponse@ "comprehensive" $ t "more 0ersonal = not representative"& Many of to(ay's contemporary Japanese lea(ers) in $ig $ siness) the $ rea cracy) an( the <*0 are the *3R;C# inheritors of power from Japanese Militarists& #o a(mit an( confess the Japanese 'ar Crimes wo l( $e to a(mit to the "Moral 7an2r ptcy" of the 0re!'ar) 'ar!time an( 0ost!'ar Japanese Government& No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48) an( was also the fo n(ing father of the c rrent (ominate( <*0 0arty& His gran/son, /$e "hinzo) is now consi(ere( the front r nner to replace Koiz mi as 0M later t)is year& A-e is t)e son o, ,ormer ,oreign minister S)intaro A-e +)o +as implicate/ in t)e Cecruit insi/er tra/ing an/ -ig corruption scan/al in "?:#s& (apanese current 'oreign Minister 8aro Aso, anot)er ,ront runner to replace 9oi5umi, )as a /irect lin1 to family's mining company se( tho san(s of Koreans an( 0o's as "laves& 8aro /so himself ran the firm from 5A89!8A) has never ac2nowle(ge( his family company's enslavement& 7n Dermany, ,amily lin1s alone /o not /is*uali,y citi5ens ,rom pu-lic o,,ice& 6ut t)ey are expecte/ to s)o+ atonement or ma1e amen/s& 7eca se of Japanese c rrent foreign minister's (eclare( views) /so wo l( not $e a(mitte( to any government in Germany, a Derman em-assy o,,icial in 8o1yo says& #his is the e,act reason why the Japanese government has faile( so far to pass an *iet resol tion to offer an official apology& Apology is a sign o, maturity& "ho l( we apologise for the $ehavio r of previo s generations + Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er sai/, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility" ;$

7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& 'itho t an act of the Japanese 0arliament) N- apology is lawf l representative of the Japanese Government) or the 0eople of Japan& 8)at is exactly +)y Japan has $een offering 0ersonal /pology for several (eca(es) a$o t G: times -ut NO one -elieves t)at (apan is sincere -ecause o, its contrary actions an/ statements& Koiz mi has reiterate( his personal "(eep remorse" over its colonial aggression in /sia at t)e Asia<A,rica summit in Apr& ;##$& 6ut )is personal apology +as NO8 en/orse/ -y (apanese Parliament, only -ase/ on speec) ma/e -y ,ormer PM 8omiic)i Murayama in "??$& 7t +as (is!cre(ite( imme(iately $y E: Japanese mem$ers of 0arliament visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine most o, t)em ,rom 9oi5umi2s o+n ADP party& M0s n(ermine Japanese apology& 8o t)e a,,licte/ countries, 9oi5umi2s latest apology is t)e "/M; as all previo s apologies !! "0 rely 0ersonal"& 3t is inten(e( to mollify or worse ) .--< the /sian p $lic) 'estern me(ia an( 'estern politicians& S)inic)i Arai, pro,essor emeritus at Suruga/ai University, sai/: =Mr& 9oi5umi is -ringing out /n -<* /pology that has $een repeate( many times over the past 5: years &&&&& #he pro$lem is that only the wor(s were repeate() $ t Japan has never (one anything to prove it really regrette( its past&= Japan's n mero s wea2 personal apologies appear so appalling in comparison +it) t)e German's historic th n(ering silent apology which was the most powerf l wor(s ever spo2en for the worl( peace an( reconciliation& Willy 6ran/t2s ne+ Ostpoliti1, on /ealing +it) Dermany2s )istory in a serious +ay )a/ earne/ 6ran/t t)e 0eace No$el 0rice in "? "& "ym$olically) one in(ivi( al German 2nelt (own) h m$ly & "pirit ally) whole German nation stoo( p again) hono ra$ly& 3n a star2 contrast) sym$olically) one in(ivi( al Japanese stoo( there worshipping) st $$ornly & "pirit ally) whole Japanese nation 2nelt (own) shamef lly& Hitos)i Motos)ima, a li-eral /emocratic Mayor o, Nagasa1i ,or "$ years, once suggeste/ t)at (apan2s emperor Hiro)ito +as partially responsi-le ,or t)e +ar an/ its atrocities& 'or ; years, Motos)ima +as )arasse/ -y t)e rig)t +ing extremists an/ ostraci5e/ -y )is li-eral /emocratic ;$:

co)orts& On (an& ": "??#, a rig)t +ing ,anatic s)ot Motos)ima in t)e -ac1& 8)e -ullets pierce/ )is lungs an/ miraculously t)e mayor survive/& 0et Motos)ima remains stea/,ast in )is vie+s& .ompare/ +it) most "hinto s)rines, +)ic) +ere ,oun/e/ )un/re/s o, years ago, t)e (apanese 1as 2 ni "hrine +as a relatively recent a,,air& 7t +as -uilt -y t)e 7mperial Or/er o, t)e Meiji @mperor in ":%? ,or t)e sole purpose to glori,y (apan2s imperialism& During WW77, (apanese Militarists too1 over t)e s)rine& 0asu1uni is a military +ar memorial to glori,y its -rutal past, anyt)ing -ut a sym-ol o, peace& 7t groun/s in central 8o1yo inclu/e a museum /evote/ to glori,ying (apanese militarism as a no-le cause t)at trie/ to li-erate Asia&

3ronically) Japanese ;mperor Mei>i) whose name Mei>i C3 ChingD

originate( from "1i Jing "hrine from

" ) a Chinese Classic ) also too2 the name 1as 2 ni

a phrase in "Ch nIi N oshi Nh an " C"h n> "ashi(enD ) another Chinese Classic ) meaning "7ringing 0eace to a Nation&=

="hinto " itself is Chinese wor(s +)ic) means =t)e +ay o, t)e go/s= 3S)inSgo/sE 8o is 8aoSt)e +ay4&

Colonial 7r tal 3nvasionJ'ars Meiji Cestoration Sout)<West War War against .)ina < 5E8G War against .)ina < 5EAG 8ai+an Punitive @xpe/ition 3 8ai+an Mu/an 7nvasion 4 Sino<(apanese War 3(iaWu War4

;nshrine( , $" %,? " ","!# "!,%"? ",;$% ::,B;? B,:$# ":$ " ," % "?",;$# ;,"!!,?"$ ;,B%%,$!; ;$?

War against .)ina < 5A:: 6oxer Ce-ellion War insi/e .)ina < 5A:G Cusso<(apanese War ;" Deman/s < 5A54 'irst Worl/ War War against .)ina < 5A?E War against .)ina < 5A95 War against .)ina < 5A98 War against .)ina < 5AG5 & (inan 7nci/ent 3 $! (inan Massacre 4 Manc)urian 7nci/ent 3 ?": 7nvasion 4 .)ina 7nci/ent 3 Marco Polo 6ri/ge 'ull 7nvasion 4 Dreat @ast Asian War 3 Asia 7nvasion WW77 4 #otal 'ar *ea( ;nshrine( @

Note@ /ppro,& 5 Million Japanese ''33 sol(iers were annihilate( in China O, t)e "" +ars liste/ a-ove, most o, t)e (apanese +ars +ere ,oug)t to inva/e an/ coloni5e .)ina& 8)e R ssian!Japanese 'ar was fo ght insi(e China in 5A:G to (etermine who ha( more "Rights" to colonize China, en/e/ +it) #reaty of 0ortsmo th& J st a few paces from where Japanese 0M Koiz mi (roppe( a coin an( praye() is the 1as 2 ni m se m& 8)e museum portrays Japan as $oth the martyr an( savior of /sia to (rive "the foreign $ar$arians") to li$erate an( protect /sia from R ssian 7olshevism an( ; ropean colonialism& 0earl Har$or was "force(" $y "a plot" $y 0resi(ent Roosevelt& Japanese!le( massacres) Korean comfort women) Chinese se, slaves) or tort re( 0o's are not mentione(& 8)e 0asu1uni Museum /isplay shows Japan as a victim of a conspiracy $y 'estern colonial powers an( Japan was force( into war in self!(efence to $ring peace to /sia& 7n a Museum ,ilm, Pearl Har-or is /escri-e/ as a =-attle ,or (apan2s survival,= +)ile one ex)i-it -lames t)e "?! Nanjing Massacre on t)e .)inese lea/ers +)o ,le/ t)e city +)ile or/ering t)eir men to ,ig)t to t)e /eat)& /fter the fall of Nan>ing to the Japanese) the m se m notes) "the Chinese citizens were once again a$le to live their lives in peace&= 8)e $#<minute ,ilm even I estions whether the Japanese invasion of /sia was ever a violation of international law& 8)e Museum also /isplays t)e ,irst engine t)at travelle/ t)e in,amous B"$ 1m Railway of *eath ! #hai!7 rma Railway +it)out mentioning t)e savage (eath of 56)::: 0o's an( 5::)::: /sian "laves, /escri-e/ -y .ameron 'or-es in )is -oo1 Hellfire as = $ ilt on the 7ones of the *ea(=, i&e& !## /eat) ,or eac) 1m& 8)e .$% steam locomotive engine o, t)e 8)ai<6urma Cail+ay o, Deat) +as calle/ -y ex<PoW @ric Aomax as a =Mon ment to the Japanese 7ar$arism=& WW77 is calle/ =t)e Dreater @ast Asian War=, invasion o, .)ina is /escri-e/ as =.)ina 7nci/ent=& 8)e Museum /isplays a reconstructe/ Nero fighter an( a Kaiten or Japanese single!man mini!s $Jh man torpe(o , an/ t)e "hort "wor( se( $y Gen& Korechi2a /nami who a(vocate( to contin e the 'ar even after the ? /tomic 7om$s& -n (isplay was a 2aiten h man torpe(o, t)e innocently name/ =c)erry -lossom -om-= < a one<trip ,lying roc1et pilote/ -y suici/e -om-ers& 8)ere is also a monument in t)e s)rine tri-ute/ to t)e )ate/ /rea/,ul Japanese Kempeitai ,

;%#

=3t is li2e seeing a memorial to the Gestapo in a German cathe(ral&= sai/ ex<PoW @ric Aomax& 8)e +e-site o, t)e 0asu1uni s)rine t)en /eclares: =#he #r th of mo(ern Japanese History is now restore(&O 'hat if a m se m in Germany feat ring a Nazi plane) a memorial to the $ravery of the Gestapo) a (isplay claiming the 0oles welcome( their inva(ers + Again %&"&) 7ritain an( other co ntries remain th n(ering "3<;N#& -2inori Kaya) a Class!/ 'ar Criminal for life imprisonment) parole( in 5A44) an( $ecame J stice Minister& He +as instrumental in getting a -ill to t)e Diet t)at, i, passe/, +oul/ )ave turne/ 0asu1uni into a national s)rine& He 1ept t)e -ill alive t)roug) $ rejections until ,inally giving up in "? B& Minutes ,rom a "?%? meeting an/ some :#: government an/ s)rine /ocuments, release/ in ;## -y t)e National Diet Ai-rary, entitle/ =/ New Compilation of Materials on the 1as 2 ni "hrine= s)o+ t)e Japanese Government was involve( in (isc ssions with 1as 2 ni "hrine officials aro n( 5A4E) reache( an agreement that 5? Class!/ 'ar Criminals sho l( $e ma(e eligi$le for enshrinement) "while avoi(ing any anno ncement=& Anot)er /ocument /ate/ April "?$:, Japanese Health an( 'elfare Ministry rge( the 1as 2 ni "hrine to list the names of h n(re(s of lower!ran2ing Class!7 an( Class!C 'ar Criminals& =How a$o t enshrining them in a way that wo l( $e har( to (iscover += a /ocument *uote/ an unname/ o,,icial as saying, accor/ing to t)e 0omiuri S)im-un& =J (ging from the (oc ments) it was the Health Ministry that ma(e the first move,= sai/ .)i,uyu Hiyama, an o,,icial at t)e National Diet 3parliament4 Ai-rary t)at pu-lis)e/ t)e ",;##<page -oo1& #he Health Ministry) provi(e( a list containing the names of e,ec te( Class!/ criminals) incl (ing wartime lea(er Hi(e2i #o>o, accor/ing to a (anuary !", "?%?, 0asu1uni /ocument& Class!/ criminals "can $e honore(" $ t the process m st $e carrie( o t secretly, t)e s)rine /ocument sai/ citing an agreement +it) t)e ministry& =Announcement s)oul/ -e avoi/e/,= it a//e/& 8)e -oo1 =confirme( the government's initiative to enshrine war criminals thro gh active interaction with the shrine=, sai/ 9oic)i Na1ano, an associate pro,essor o, political science at 8o1yo2s prestigious Sop)ia University&

in "?$?, 1as 2 ni "hrine -egan to ens)rine .lass<6 an/ .lass<. +ar criminals& 3t ha( secretly enshrine( 5):6E war criminals incl (ing 5G Class!/ 'ar Criminals in 5A8E& Ne+s o, t)e secret enshrinement ca se( an proar when it lea2e( o t 6 months later& 3t was a serio s violation of Japanese Constit tion) the separation of religion an( state&

;%"

7n Seoul, 9im 0un<o1 sai/, =#he Japanese sol(iers enshrine( at 1as 2 ni "hrine are the very ones who Rape( o r gran(mothers&= More t)an :% P o, t)e ens)rine/ (apanese sol/iers +ere ,rom WW77& Private 8a/o1oro 9o5o o, t)e ""Bt) /ivision sai/ in "? " intervie+, = #here wasn't & /N1 & sol(ier who (i(n't Rape& /fter things were (one) s ally we 2ille( them &&&&& We /i/n2t +ant to leave any trou-le -e)in/ &&&&&=, i&e& /<< Japanese ''33 sol(iers are criminals ) committe( Mass Rape crime at t)e least& Accor/ing to t)e pu-lis)e/ ,igures in Oct ;##", there were ?E)E69 #aiwanese an( ?5)5E5 Koreans enshrine( at 0asu1uni S)rine witho t their families' permission& Most o, t)em +ere ,orce/ into +ar service un/er (apan2s colonial rule& Since 'e- "? :, a group o, 8ai+anese resi/ents in (apan +)o )a/ learne/ a-out t)e list starte/ legal procee/ings to get t)e 8ai+anese remove/ ,rom 0asu1uni& 7n 'e- "? ?, a group o, in/igenous 8ai+anese -ereave/ relatives came to (apan an/, ,or t)e ,irst time, /eman/e/ t)at t)eir relatives -e remove/ ,rom ens)rinement& 8)e 8ai+an .)inese arrive/ in 8o1yo sai/ t)ey +ant t)eir relatives2 names remove/ ,rom memorial pla*ues t)ere -ecause it is "morally npar(ona$le that M r(erers an( Victims are honore( at the "/M; place&= 7n (une ;##", $$ mem-ers o, -ereave/ ,amilies ,rom S&9orea ,ile/ a suit at t)e 8o1yo District .ourt /eman/ing t)e removal ,rom ens)rinement o, t)eir relatives& 7n t)e past ! years, 8ai+an .)inese +ent to 8o1yo times to protest against 1as 2 ni "hrine , /eman/ing /e<ens)rinement o, t)eir ,amily mem-er o, t)e ,orci-ly conscripte/ +ar /ea/, insisting t)at ='e are not Japanese B 'e are the Victims of Japanese war crimes B=, -ut +it)out success in li-erating t)eir enslave/ ancestral souls& 8)e =Ret rn the "o ls of o r .ore$ears" protest (elegation )as come to the %&N& an/ -roug)t +it) t)em are ; ol/ -oo1s t)at recor/ t)e (apanese army employe/ t)e extreme -rutal =#hree /ll 0olicy @ 7 rn /ll) <oot /ll) Kill /ll= in "?"! an/ "?"B against t)e 8ai+an A-origines +)o +ere resisting t)e inva/ers& A (apanese military p)otograp)ic team ,ollo+e/ t)e ,ig)ting, compile/ its p)otograp)s into t)ese = 0ictorial /l$ ms of the 0 nitive ;,pe(ition= an/ su-mitte/ t)em to t)e (apanese War Ministry as evi/ence o, t)e army2s =great military ac)ievements=& 8)e ; al-ums no+ serve as un/enia-le proo, o, t)e (apanese army2s +ar crimes& During its invasion an/ $"<year occupation o, 8ai+an, Japan 2ille( more than 6::)::: #aiwan Chinese people, inclu/ing large num-ers o, A-origines& .or people in /sia) 1as 2 ni "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's $r tal militaristic past& 7t is a potent sym$ol of how the Japanese into,icate( $y fascism an( coerce( $y military r le) ;%;

once collectively lost their reason an( were fe( fantastic myths) of racial s periority an( the ;mperor's (ivinity& 8)e $r tal military aggression in /sia was promote( an( > stifie( $y Japan as a sacre( mission of the glorifie( militarism) racial s periority) an( emperor worship& Dying ,or t)e @mperor +as t)e )ig)est virtue& 8)at +as +)y sol/iers -elieve/ t)at t)ey +oul/ meet a,ter /eat) at 1as 2 ni "hrine & 7t -ecame -ot) a state religion an/ a political i/eology, o, +)ic) 1as 2 ni "hrine is t)e prime sym-ol& #his is what ma2es the shrine s ch a (ist r$ing place& Not the Class!/ war criminals) or the Japanese Kempeitai mon ment) $ t this (estr ctive i(eology) which has s rvive( intact (espite war crime trials) (emocratic government) an( more than half a cent ry to analyze) (e$ate) an( reflect on the catastrophes of the past& (apanese prime minister 9oi5umi is eit)er ignorant or (ishonest when he claims that visiting the shrine is simply "a matter of the heart"& Wee1ly ne+s maga5ines an/ commentators on ca-le television current a,,airs tal1 s)o+s )ave recently ta1en to /escri-ing Mr Koiz mi's stance on 1as 2 ni as "Chil(ish"& Deneral MacArt)ur once /escri-e/ Japan as "/ Nation of 5?!year!ol(s" an/ Japanese "as a chil(li2e people who wo l( r n amo2 witho t imperial g i(ance"& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= +rote: =/ normal society) a society not ha nte( $y ghosts) cannot $e achieve( $y 'normalizing' history& More the other way aro n(&&&&& W)en society )as -ecome su,,iciently open an/ ,ree to loo1 -ac1, ,rom t)e point o, vie+ neit)er o, t)e victim nor o, t)e criminal, -ut o, t)e critic, only t)en +ill t)e g)osts -e lai/ to rest&= #o the Japanese) 5G years of in!h man $r tality was a Holy 'ar& 8)ey +ere ,ig)ting ,or t)e Do/<li1e @mperor& Accor/ing to =0asu1uni Dai)ya11a= 30asu1uni encyclope/ia4, a pamp)let pu-lis)e/ -y t)e S)rine, War .riminals are calle/ ="howa martyrs= Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo: 3f there was no ;mperor ) there wo l( $e no Japan &&&&&& DM : 6ut t)e ;mperor himself a(mits he is Korean& Dran/</aug)ter o, 8ojo : 3 2now nothing a$o t his roots ) $ t 3 was astonishe( that he sai( s ch a thing &&&&&& Japan re(iscovers its Korean past & & & & & #he ;mperor's new roots ! ;mperor (eclare( his own Korean ancestry&

;%!

7t is -ecause (apanese Nara city +as t)e capital o, (apan ,rom %B! an/ ?B A&D& +)ere (apan2s earliest @mperors +ere -urie/& 7n ,act, Concl sive evi(ences have shown that Japanese Nara 0refect re was act ally a Korean colony& 8)e +or/ =Nara= itsel, means =mot)erlan/= in 9orean& 8)e Meiji government also agree/ t)at 8ai5en 9uma5a+a ,rom Nara +as t)e legitimate )eir o, t)e sout)ern 0os)ino court& 7n ?::5, ;mperor /2ihito sai( he feels a close "2inship" with Korean an/ cite/ t)e ,act t)at t)e mother of ;mperor Kamm was also a Korean& He also appreciate/ Korean c lt re an( technology $ro ght to Japan& 3n fact) more acc rately, it sho l( $e "from China via Korea to Japan"& 7n 5AEG, ;mperor Hirohito ma(e similar statement that the 3mperial family ha( a "close 2inship" with Korea& 7n ,act, t)e ant)ropologists an/ arc)eologists )ave confirme( that the mo(ern Japanese came I ite late from the mainlan( /sia to Japan only aro n( G:: 7&C&) that is a very shallow root & *N/ research has confirme( that Japanese are close genetic 2in to $oth Chinese an( Korean& =Arc)aeology )as ma/e a lot o, progress,= sai/ Hisao 6a-a, curator o, ant)ropology at t)e National Science Museum in 8o1yo, =-ut politics has ma(e it (iffic lt for the Japanese general p $lic to ta2e a critical loo2 at their own past&= 1as 2 ni "hinto "hrine is a sym$ol of Japan's fail re as a nation to collectively face its past war responsi$ilities& Strangely, t)ere are NO )uman remains at 0asu1uni S)rine& 7n "?$;, (apan passe/ a =Cesolution on t)e recovery an/ repatriation o, t)e remains o, +ar /ea/ in overseas territories=& Strangely, %# years a,ter, $# P o, (apanese /ea/ sol/iers, i&e& more than 5)56:)::: of them are still not repatriate(& @ven no+ some %##,### are retrieva-le& 7nsi/e t)e 7ia2 cave) in a small islan( of 3n(onesia) the s2 lls of Japanese sol(iers were set o t in a row) their teeth an( parts of thigh $ones line( p& @very visitor comes to t)e 6ia1 cave +oul/ really +on/er: 'hat (o the Japanese thin2 a$o t their relatives' $ones + 'hy Japan an( Japanese families (on't care an( completely (is!concern a$o t the $ones of their relatives + 'hat is this Japanese mentality + (apanese paci,ism is really originate/ more ,rom a ,eeling t)at (apanese su,,ere/ /uring t)e +ar rat)er t)an ,rom a recognition t)at (apan starte/ t)e "B years long -rutal WMD +ar an/ cause/ extreme /amage an/ pain to its Asian neig)-ors& 8)ere,ore, many (apanese /o not t)in1 t)ey nee/ to -e ,orgiven& Since t)e +ar, only Prime Minister, 0asu)iro Na1asone in "?:$ an/ Cyutaro Has)imoto in ;%B

"??%, )ave ma/e t)e visit, only once& 8)e torrent o, protest +as enoug) to persua/e t)em not to ma1e anot)er& Ho+ever, (apanese Prime Minister 9oi5umi, /ra+ing s)arp criticism ,rom ot)er Asian countries, ma/e )is o,,icial tri-ute to t)e +ar 1as 2 ni "hrine t)e 6th time as PM, an/ )is ,irst on "$ Aug ;##%, t)e anniversary o, (apan2s surren/er, t)e most controversial /ate possi-le, signing t)e guest -oo1 as prime minister& Koiz mi's (angero s game& Un/er Article "" o, "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty, (apanese government +as to accept t)e ver/it o, t)e 8o1yo 8ri-unal& Japanese 0rime Minister to 1as 2 ni "hrine violates the 0eace #reaty& 8)is +as +)y PM Na1asone re,raine/ ,rom ,urt)er visits in t)e ,ollo+ing years& Hirohito visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine E times as ;mperor) last pilgrimage was in 5A84& 7n "? : t)e s)rine2s )ea/ priest secretly ens)rine/ "B .lass<A War .riminals& =#hat's why 3 have since not visite( the shrine= accor/ing to t)e /iaries o, ,ormer palace Dran/ Ste+ar/ 8omo)i1o 8omita& Ho+ever, many t)in1 it +as an act o, =sel,<protection= -ecause Hiro)ito +as a,rai/ t)at t)eir ens)rinement +oul/ =reignite= /e-ate over )is )oly responsi-ility o, t)e +ar& 'hat is wrong a$o t Koiz mi's visits to 1as 2 ni "hrine to grieve for those who gave their lives for their co ntry in the past war + Here is an ;(itorial answer& 'irst in 'e-&, (apanese Osa1a District Co rt r le( that the Koiz mi's visit was ma(e N-# as a private citizen $ t in his official capacity& 8)en in Apr& ;##B, Japanese . 2 o2a *istrict Co rt r le( that Koiz mi's visit to 1as 2 ni "hrine has violate( Constit tion -ecause it violate/ t)e separation o, state an/ religion& Also in Sept !#, ;##$ -sa2a High Co rt r le( Koiz mi's shrine visits were a religio s activity an( %n!Constit tional& 8)e %n!Constit tional R ling stan(s since the Japanese government cannot appeal to the " preme Co rt& 7n ,act, t)e *uestion o, .onstitution +as settle( in 5AA5 when "en(ai High Co rt r le( that an official 1as 2 ni visit $y a 0M or the ;mperor was %n!Constit tional n(er /rticle ?: of the national charter& 9oi5umi /e,ie/ logic, insisting that neigh$oring co ntries wo l( not $e offen(e( $y his %n!Constit tional shrine visits& 8)e visits mar1e/ a ,urt)er step in t)e resurrection an/ legitimisation o, t)e sym-ols o, (apan2s Militarism&

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=7t is sometimes sai/, =7nstea/ o, clinging ,orever to t)e past, +e s)oul/ procee/ +it) an eye to t)e ,uture&= 7, +e simply -rus) asi/e t)e +ar crimes o, t)e past +it)out clearly esta-lis)ing responsi-ility, +e +ill -e una-le to )ol/ aggressors accounta-le ,or similar crimes s)oul/ t)ey -e repeate/&= 7n August ;###, t)e .o n(ation "Remem$rance) Responsi$ility an( the . t re" was create( $y the German Government an( German companies in recognition o, Dermany2s moral responsi-ility to+ar/s t)ose su-jecte/ to slave la-our /uring t)e WW77& 8)e 'oun/ation +as en/o+e/ +it) Slave 'un/s o, H4&55 7illion ; ros) provi(e( in eI al parts $y the German government an( a$o t 6)::: companies o, Derman 7n/ustry& =7 pay tri-ute to all t)ose +)o +ere su-jecte/ to slave an/ ,orce/ la-or un/er Derman rule, an/ in t)e name o, t)e German people $eg forgiveness,= sai/ (o)annes Cau, Derman presi/ent in ;###, ='e will not forget their s ffering&= 8o /ate, -ver 5&69 Million "lave victims have receive( compensation ,rom Dermany& 7n a//ition to paying compensation, t)e 'oun/ation also supports )un/re/s o, e/ucational projects to /ocument an/ ensure t)e slavery )istory o, Na5i +ill not -e ,orgotten, e&g& project =;nco nters with former force( la$orers an( other victims of National "ocialism= )as invite/ some ;,### ,ormer Slaves to Dermany as a gesture o, reconciliation& Anot)er project calle/ =*oc mentation of the life stories of former force( an( slave la$orers= to /ocument stories o, t)e ,ormer Slaves in ;: countries +it) $$# intervie+s& 7n contrast, (apan neit)er compensate/ in/ivi/ual victims nor ac1no+le/ge/ t)e )istorical ,act o, Slave an/ PoW la-orers& Nor /i/ t)e (apanese government initiate any e/ucational projects to preserve an/ /ocument t)e (apanese crimes against t)e Slaves an/ PoWs& 8)ere is also a 0olish!German Reconciliation . n( ,or Poles +)o +ere use/ as )uman guinea pigs in pseu/ome/ical experiments -y t)e Na5is& Germany has also pai( o t nearly 5&E $illion mar2s on t)e -asis o, special -ilateral agreements conclu/e/ in "??" an/ "??! +it) Polan/, Cussian 'e/eration, U1raine an/ 6elarus 3W)ite Cussia4 << even tho gh in 5A49 0olan( an( "oviet %nion each reno nce( any f rther reparations payments from Germany& .rom 5A45 to 5AAE) Germany has alrea(y pai( More than 5:? 7illion mar2s C%" H 65&E 7illionD) in fe(eral government reparation payments to 3srael an( #hir( Reich victims& Germany is still paying o t pension to some 5&?4 7illion mar2s C%" H 84 MillionD to 5:6)::: pensioners in 3srael) %&"&) Cana(a an( other co ntries& ;%%

@ven pro,esse/ Neutral Nations li1e S+e/en an/ S+it5erlan/ )ave )a/ t)e courage to ta1e a pain,ul loo1 -ac1 at t)eir WW77 recor/E 5&?4 7illion "wiss 7an2s "ettlement signe/ in "??? -y t)e S+iss -an1s&

@xactly li1e /<< t)e Western colonial countries , Japan also $ecame a rich co ntry mainly thro gh vario s $r tal colonial Crimes& 'or /etails, re,er to Criminal ;nrichment against H manity ! ;,tortion = <ooting of /sia& Can Japan $e allowe( to (o any less + (apan also criminally enric)e/ -y t)e %&"& Cover! p of "tate!#errorism +it)out ta1ing any legal an/ moral responsi-ilities an/ pay compensation to t)e victims, instea/ increase/ its +ealt) extensively ,rom t)e .ol/ War -et+een U&S& an/ Soviet, .)ina& #he total past 'ar 3n(emnity that China pai( to Japan alone was a staggering capital ?64 million pl s interest 9?5 million taels of silver Ci&e& #otal 4E6 Million taels of silver in 5EA4) a$o t 8 times China's ann al reven eD& China co l( not pay the cr shing staggering 'ar 3n(emnity an( ha( to $orrow money from several 'estern co ntries an( pai( heavy interest& 7n ,act, China contin e( to pay Japan the 'ar 3n(emnity p to ''33& 7n an extremely vivi/ contrast, t)e "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty reveals t)at t)e reparations matter +as postpone/ until (apan )as t)e ,inancial means to pay& #o cover! p) %&"& insiste( that Japan was $a(ly (amage( an( $an2r pt when the war en(e(& 3n fact) few factories an( mansions were (estroye( or even serio sly (amage() an( there was little (amage to the infrastr ct re& (apanese in/ustries +ere /isperse/ +i/ely an/ largely conceale/ ,rom air attac1& Accor/ing to )istorian (o)n W& Do+er, aut)or o, ;m$racing *efeat@ Japan in the 'a2e of ''33, t)e financial centers) transportation infrastr ct re) an( p $lic tilities in Japan remaine( largely intact& Accor/ing to Segraves, far from $eing $an2r pte( $y the 'ar) Japan ha( $een greatly an( criminally enriche( $y the 0l n(er of /sia after the 'ar&

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Ma1oto 8ana-e, a Social Democrat in t)e (apanese Parliament, commente/ on t)e re/ress : =/ compensation witho t apology is n!ethical& /n apology witho t compensation is mere hypocrisy&= (apan )as -een maintaining t)at no single yen s)oul/ -e compensate/ to any .)inese victim a,ter its o+n /e,eat& Accor/ing to t)e recor/, a-out ;&! million (apanese sol/iers +ere 1ille/ in WW77, o, +)ic) /$o t 5 million Japanese sol(iers) i&e& appro,& 4: F of Japanese sol(iers (ie( in ''33) were annihilate( in China& 8)ose -attles in .)ina +ere no less, in ,act, +ere more ,ierce an/ -rutal t)an t)e 7attle of "aipan , 7attle of 3wo Jima , or 7attle of -2inawa in t)e "B years WW77 +it) unspea1a-le atrocious (apan& During t)e +ar, (apanese ,orces +ere -ogge/ /o+n /eep in .)ina an/ +ere una-le ,or =Nort)+ar/ A/vance= to attac1 Soviet Union& So (apan turne/ aroun/ ,or =Sout)+ar/ A/vance= instea/& Ho+ever, t)e .)inese resistance also ma/e (apan una-le to concentrate )uge groun/ ,orces ,or =Sout)+ar/ A/vance= an/ e,,ectively occupy t)e regions& .)inese army pinne/ /o+n (apanese in .)ina, an/ save/ valua-le time ,or allie/ ,orces in @urope t)at )elpe/ prevent a Japanese attac2 on the "oviet %nion an( the possi$le convergence of the two strongest fascist co ntries in t)e Mi//le @ast& =#hat is the main reason why Japan (i( N-# respon( the (eman(s of Germany to attac2 the "oviet %nion or inva(e 7ritish troops in "o theast /sia,= 'itho t Chinese resistance) it wo l( have $een almost impossi$le to implement the '; rope .irst' strategy&= %" 0resi(ent Roosevelt sai(@ 3f there were no China) or if China were (efeate(, t)e (apanese army coul/ )ave occupie/ Australia an/ a/vance/ to+ar/ 7n/ia an/ c)arge/ all t)e +ay to t)e Mi//le @ast an/ t)en joine/ ,orces +it) Hitler to isolate Soviet Union, the conseI ence wo l( $e nimagina$le& 7t is estimate/ t)at China's loss ( e to Japan's 5G years of atrocio s (estr ction comes to many H n(re(s of 7illions %" H& #he total loss co l( $e #rillion %" H i, t)e interest, /irect an/ in/irect monetary an/ properties, environmental an/ ecosystem /amages, loote/ +ealt), cultural assets, natural resources, an/ ot)er tangi-le or intangi-le losses +ere

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inclu/e/, an/ t)e 94 Million Chinese cas alties -y (apanese in/iscriminate 1illing, starvation an/ various /iseases& Not to mention many More Millions of Korean) 3n(onesian) Vietnamese) .ilippino) Malaysia) 7 rma) #hailan() "ingapore &&&&&&&&&& W@' ,oun/er an/ executive c)airman 9laus Sc)+a- +arne/ Asia o, t)e Ris2 of %n! *igeste( History, = Coming from ; rope where a reconciliation process has ta2en place) we have to(ay a clear "; ropean 3(entity=, parallel to our National 7/entity& 8)is )as not )appene/ )ere in t)is region& We spea1 a lot a-out Asia, -ut where is the "/sian 3(entity" + 8)e =Asian 7/entity= coul/ only -e ac)ieve/ t)roug) t)e only pat) availa-le, i&e& t)roug) truly sincere apology, compensation, an/ ,orgiveness& Only t)en, t)e people o, Asia can truly live peace,ully an/ )armoniously toget)er, an/ only t)en t)eir Asian /ream o, an Union similar to t)e ; ropean %nion C;%D coul/ -e reali5e/ in t)e ,uture&

Hiroshima @ Necessity or #rage(y +

'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago& 8)e annual commemoration o, t)e victims o, Hiros)ima provi/es a strong -asis ,or t)e resistance to t)e /angers o, nuclear +ars& 7n t)e Unite/ Nations, t)ere is a statue o, .at)olic Saint Agnes +it) a -ro1en rig)t lim-, scars over )er -o/y an/ /eep scratc)es on t)e -ac1& 8)e /isplay intro/uction -oar/ explains : 8)e -ro1en statue o, Saint Agnes +as ,oun/ in t)e .at)olic ruins in Nagasa1i, (apan& 8)e Atomic 6om- explo/e/ a-out $## meters a+ay ,rom t)e .at)olic .)urc)& 8)e scars on t)e statue +ere cause/ -y t)e extremely strong t)ermal ra/iation o, t)e atomic -om-& 6ut, +e must never ,orget t)at t)e /ropping o, t)e atomic $om$s on Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i 3com-ine/ /eat) ;##,### compare/ to Nan>ing Massacre 9::):::4 +as a *3R;C# conseI ence of Japan's 5G years ''33 $r tal invasion of /sia& 7n (uly "?B$, (apan ,latly rejecte/ t)e Pots/am Declaration an/ re,use/ to surren/er& A,ter +aiting ,or "" /ays +it) no response ,rom (apan, Hiros)ima Atomic 6om-s explo/e/& #herefore) Japanese /!$om$ victims were) in fact) *3R;C# victims of the Japanese Militarism& ;%?

Only until % /ays a,ter t)e ;n/ Atomic 6om- in Nagasa1i explo/e/, t)en (apanese @mperor ,inally announce/ t)e @n/ o, War to )is people -ut witho t even mentioning -N; wor( a$o t the (efeat an( ncon(itional s rren(er) no apology) instea() still trie( har( to J%"#3.1 Japanese 5G years $r tal ''33 in /sia as t)e (apanese +ay to -ring peace to Asia : =&&&&&to ens re Japan's self!preservation an( the sta$ilization of ;ast /sia) it $eing far from o r tho ght either to infringe pon the sovereignty of other nations or to em$ar2 pon territorial aggran(izement &&&&& towar( the emancipation of ;ast /sia &&&&&= @mperor ma/e )is ,ormal surren/er on Sept& ;, a-oar/ t)e U&S&S& Missouri in 8o1yo 6ay& 8)e Japanese armies in China s rren(ere( to the Chinese government on "ept A) in Chinese capital Nan>ing ) th s en(e( the most (evastating in!h man 5G years of $r tal ''33 in H man History& (apan2s o+n e,,orts to -uil/ an Atomic 6om- /uring t)e WW77 are extremely /i,,icult ,or many to accept -ecause o, t)e Atomic 6om-s /roppe/ on Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i& 8)e Atomic 6om-s +ere complaine/ -y t)e @mperor as t)e =Most Cr el 7om$= in )is surren/er speec)& 7 t very few Japanese) incl (ing Japansese /tomic victims) have even hear( of their own government's /tomic " per 7om$ program& 'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago& Paul 8i--ets +)o ,le+ t)e ;nola Gay $om$er an/ /roppe/ t)e atomic -om-, recalle/ a meeting +it) (apanese pilot Mitsuo 'uc)i/a +)o transmitte/ t)e ra/io signal =#oraB #oraB #oraB= in/icating t)at a success,ul 0earl Har$or attac1 +as un/er+ay& Ho+ever, it +as a strategic fail re for Japan& 'uc)i/a tol/ )im, = 1o (i( the right thing& 1o 2now the Japanese attit (e at that time) how fanatic they were) they'( (ie for the ;mperor& Can yo imagine what a sla ghter it wo l( $e to inva(e Japan += 'uc)i/a continue/& =7t +oul/ )ave -een terri-le& 0ou /i/ t)e rig)t t)ing& 8)e (apanese people 1no+ more a-out t)at t)an t)e American pu-lic +ill ever 1no+&= 0a l #i$$ets has $een cre(ite( -y t)ousan/s o, ,ormer PoWs, sol/iers an/ civilians in all Asian countries ,or saving t)eir lives& 8)e /tomic 7om$s also prevente/ t)e utter /estruction o, t)e (apanese mainlan/, an/ t)e /eat)s o, millions o, (apanese civilians +)o +oul/ )ave ,oug)t to t)eir /eat)s& M/s2 me to (o it again n(er the same circ mstances) 3 wo l(n't hesitate,O )e sai/ /uring a -rie, meeting +it) reporters& M7 t)in1 7 /i/ t)e rig)t t)ing&O ; #

War in @urope ,inally en/e/ at May :, ;##$ +)en Dermany surren/ere/ uncon/itionally& U&S& /eman/e/ t)e same ,ull uncon/itional surren/er ,rom (apan& 9no+ing (apan /esperately +ante/ to 1eep its @mperor system, U&S& slig)tly c)ange/ t)e /eman/ o, t)e ='ull Uncon/itional Surren/er= to =uncon/itional surren/er o, all t)e (apanese arme/ ,orces= an/ t)e (apanese +oul/ -e allo+e/ to esta-lis) t)eir o+n government, in t)e Pots/am Declaration& Ot)er+ise, (apan +as +arne/ -y 8ruman, t)at it +oul/ ,ace =prompt an/ utter /estruction= -ecause 8ruman )a/ just -een in,orme/ t)at U&S& )a/ just success,ully teste/ its ,irst Atomic -om-& Ho+ever, (apanese government gam-le/ to gain more -y =Killing it with "ilence= +it)out 1no+ing its atomic conse*uence& On (uly ;% 8ruman issue/ t)e or/er to /rop t)e Atomic 6om-s& During t)e +ar, U&S& )a/ -uilt only ! Atomic 6om-s& 8)e ,irst atom -om- +as use/ to success,ully teste/ on "% (uly "?B$ in Alamogor/o, Ne+ Mexico& 6y t)at time, t)e Dermany )a/ alrea/y accepte/ t)e uncon/itional surren/er on May :t) in @urope& 8)e ; Atomic 6om-s +ere no+ le,t to -e use/ to en/ t)e War in Asia& #he ? $om$s were too scarce to $e se( for a (emonstration, 8ruman ignore/ t)e plea -y t)e scientists ,rom Man)attan project to /emonstrate t)e +eapon2s terri-le ,erocity to give (apan a c)ance to surren/er& 'urt)ermore, /ropping t)e 6om- on a non<populate/ area as a /emonstration coul/ -e easily (ismisse( an( (ownplaye() even ignore( $y those who (i( not witness it first han(& Wit)out any real +ay o, s)o+ing t)e /estructive ,orce, it +oul/ not )ave t)e /esire/ psyc)ological impact to -rea1 (apanese suci/al resistance an/ +oul/ unli1ely -e ta1en seriously -y (apan& 8)ere,ore, 8ruman or/ere/ t)e ; 6om-s /roppe/ on t)e /ensely populate/ central /istricts o, Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i& 8)e U&S& +ante/ to ma1e a tremen/ous psyc)ological impact to (apan -y 1illing a great many people, an/ also to impress an/ /eter Cussia at t)e same time -e,ore t)e Soviet Union coul/ join an invasion o, (apan& 7t also serve/ as a rare opportunity ,or acI isition of scientific 2nowle(ge sing a n clear (evice in warfare& 'or /ata accessment, t)e cities +ere c)osen ,or t)eir military signi,icance an/ previously untouc)e/ -y mass aerial -om-ing an/ o, appropriate si5e an/ topograp)y to ensure t)e utmost e,,ectiveness& Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i met all t)e con/itions& 8+o cities situate/ in a -asin an/ surroun/e/ -y mountains ensure/ t)e -lasts +oul/ -e at t)eir most /evastating& Many historians view that the (ecision to se the atom $om$ on Japan was also motivate( $y the /mericans' (esire to (ominate the worl( an( to give a strong signal to

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the "oviet %nion o, +)o +as in c)arge, an/ to gain an e/ge in t)e post<+ar control o, @ast Asia an/ (apan& 8ruman, +rote in )is /iary (uly "?B$, =Anxious as +e +ere to )ave Cussia in t)e +ar against (apan, t)e experience at Pots/am no+ ma/e me /etermine/ t)at 7 +oul/ not allo+ t)e Cussians any part in t)e control o, (apan&&& ,orce is t)e only t)ing t)at t)e Cussians un/erstan/&= ='hen yo have to (eal with a $east) yo have to treat him as a $east= 8ruman +rote in August "?B$ in a -lunt letter to Samuel .alvert, a .)ristian religious lea/er +)o )a/ complaine/ a-out t)e )uman toll o, t)e Atom 6om-& Ho+ever, many -elieve/ t)at not even t)e Atomic 6om-s coul/ convince (apan to surren/er& 3t was the a((e( weight of "oviet's (ecision to (eclare war on Japan that ha( finally convince( Japan to s rren(er& On (une :, "?B$ t)e (apanese Army success,ully pus)e/ t)e government into approving =#he . n(amental 0olicy #o 7e .ollowe( Henceforth in the Con( ct of the 'ar"& #his ma(e it Japan's official policy to "prosec te the war to the $itter en(&= A relentless =Die ,or t)e @mperor= propagan/a campaign +as +age/ to motivate (apanese civilians to ,ig)t to a suici/al /eat) ,or t)eir Do/<li1e @mperor& (apanese government )a/ prepare/ a 'ar 0olicy calle( "Kets go" which was a refinement of the "hosango victory plan for the (efence of the home islan(s to the last man& 8)ese plans +oul/ prepare t)e (apanese people to /ie in /e,ence o, t)eir )omelan/& @ven c)il/ren, inclu/ing girls, +oul/ -e traine/ to use ma1es)i,t let)al +eapons, an/ ex)orte/ to sacri,ice t)emselves -y 1illing an American inva/er& 8o implement t)is = Kets go 0olicy= o, training c)il/ren to 1ill, sol/iers atten/e/ (apanese sc)ools an/ traine/ even small c)il/ren in t)e use o, +eapons suc) as -am-oo spears& Several t)ousan/ aircra,t +oul/ -e a/apte/ ,or suici/e attac1s& Ot)er met)o/s o, suici/e attac1 -eing /evelope/ inclu/e/ /ynamite<,ille/ =cras) -oats=, gui/e/ )uman torpe/oes, gui/e/ )uman roc1et -om-s 3similar to t)e =6a1a= roc1et plane use/ against American s)ips at O1ina+a4, an/ specially traine/ groun/ suici/e units carrying explosives& 7t +as t)e +artime Prime Minister 8ojo Hi/e1i personally issue/ t)e a/monition in t)e Senjin1un 37mperial (apanese Army 'iel/ Service .o/e4 to =live witho t the h miliation of $eing ta2en prisoner an( (ie witho t leaving a $lemish on yo r name=& 3ronically) Hirohito an( #o>o themself (i( not committe( s ici(e after the en( of the 'ar& 8ojo only trie/ an unsuccess,ul suci/e +)en t)e +ar arrest +arrants +as issue/& ; ;

A,ter Hiros)ima, t)e (apanese military claime/ t)at t)eir army an/ navy coul/ still ,ig)t, an/ +oul/ in,lict serious losses on t)e enemy& 8)e military police crac1e/ /o+n on anti<+ar movements& .ensors)ip +as rampant& All ne+spapers toe/ t)e o,,icial line an/ serve/ up propagan/a& A,ter Hiros)ima, leaflets were (istri$ te( to ma>or Japanese cities warning of f t re atomic attac2s an/ +arnings to (apan +ere also /istri-ute/ -y Ca/io Saipan& 6ut Nagasa1i /i/ not receive t)e leaflets until Aug "#& 8)e .at Man +as originally sc)e/ule/ to -e /roppe/ $ /ays later& 6ut it +as move/ up to Aug "#, t)en to Aug ?, to avoi/ a projecte/ $ /ays o, -a/ +eat)er& (apan )a/ signe/ a neutrality pact +it) Soviet an/ as1e/ Soviet to me/iate a peace, not an uncon/itional surren/er, at t)e @mperor2s re*uest& 6ut Stalin )a/ alrea/y promise/ Allies to /eclare +ar against (apan ! mont)s a,ter Dermany2s surren/er in return ,or territory as part o, a /eal, an/ )a/ a-solutely no interest to )elp or convey (apan2s concerns& (apan 1ne+ t)e Stalin2s promise at t)e 0alta con,erence, an/ also receive/ regularly intelligence a-out t)e re/eployment o, Soviet troops to t)e 'ar @ast& ; /ays a,ter t)e 0alta con,erence, t)e in,luential (apanese politician Prince 'umimaro 9onoye, ! times (apanese Premier, rus)e/ a classi,ie/ report to @mperor +)ic) rge( Hirohito to ";n( the war as soon as possi$le" $efore ""oviet intervention=& On (une %, (apanese Supreme War .ouncil )ear/ an analysis o, t)e situation: =8)e Soviet Union is ta1ing measures to prepare t)e /iplomatic groun/ ,or possi-le military intervention against t)e @mpire& At t)e same time, it is stepping up its +ar preparations in t)e 'ar @ast& 7t is very li1ely t)at t)e Soviet Union +ill go to +ar against (apan&&& 8)e "oviet %nion co l( enter the war against Japan in s mmer or in the fall&= 6ut (apan still re,use/ to surren/er& A,ter Hiros)ima, Cussia announce/ on Aug& : t)at it +as a-an/oning its neutrality policy +it) (apan an/ entering t)e +ar& On Aug& ?, "&$ million Soviet troops launc)e/ co/ename/ / g st "torm against (apanese in Manc)uria .)ina an/ nort)ern 9orea& 8suyos)i Hasega+a, pro,essor o, )istory at t)e University o, .ali,ornia Santa 6ar-ara, an/ aut)or o, t)e -oo1 Racing the ;nemy, sai/, =8ruman an/ Stalin +ere racing t)e enemy (apan, -ut at t)e same time t)ey +ere also racing eac) ot)er& #r man was trying to terminate the war $efore the "oviets co l( ta2e parts of /sia) an( "talin was trying to >oin the war against Japan $efore the /mericans manage( to terminate it&= 'e+ )ours later, anot)er Atomic 6om- explo/e/ over Nagasa1i instea/ o, t)e original target ; !

city 9o1ura -ecause o, t)e -a/ +eat)er& 'e+ /ays later, (apanese million<man army )a/ collapse/& 8)e Soviet army loote/ an/ /ismantle/ most o, t)e in/ustrial mac)inery in Manc)uria, .)ina& 8)e valua-le in/ustrial e*uipments an/ mac)ines -a/ly nee/e/ to re-uil/ poveris) .)ina +ere loote/ -y t)e Cussians an/ s)ippe/ -ac1 to Soviet Union& =#he impact of the $low in Manch ria pers a(e( Japan's civilian an( political lea(ership more than the atomic stri2es to recognize they stoo( no chance at all of hol(ing o t even in the home islan(s,= sai/ )istorian Nigel Steel& Su-se*uent events s)o+e/ t)at Prime Minister 9antaro Su5u1i o, (apan a//resse/ an emergency session o, t)e Supreme .ouncil ,or t)e .on/uction o, War on August ?, saying t)at =the "oviet (ecision to (eclare war on Japan that morning ha( place( the co ntry in a completely hopeless sit ation) an( that it was no longer possi$le to contin e the war &&&&&&= 0et many (apanese generals inclu/ing Den& 9orec)i1a Anami still -itterly oppose/ t)e surren/er, even a,ter t)e Hiros)ima, Nagasa1i, an/ Soviet invasion& 8)ey a/vocate/ ,iercely to continue t)e War rat)er t)an surren/er& (apan2s Prime Minister Su5u1i sai/ pu-licly on (une ?, "?B$, = "ho l( the ;mperor system $e a$olishe() they Vthe Japanese peopleW wo l( lose all reason for e,istence& '%ncon(itional s rren(er') therefore) means (eath to the h n(re( million@ it leaves s no choice $ t to go on fighting to the last man&= Having $ro2en the co(e JN!?4 Japan se( ,or transmitting messages, US 1ne+ (apan +as +illing to surren/er, -ut )a/ repeate/ rejection o, =uncon/itional surren/er= insisting on @mperor2s retention& Aug "", "?B$ Allie/ respon/e/ to (apanese government to clari,y @mperor2s role: = the a thority of the ;mperor an( the Japanese Government to r le the state shall $e s $>ect to the " preme Comman(er of the /llie( powers&= 8ruman also or/ere/ to )alt t)e area ,ire -om-ing& Aug ";, No response ,rom (apan& Aug "!, 8ruman or/ere/ to resume t)e area ,ire -om-ing& Aug "B, 8)e @mperor tol/ (apan2s ca-inet, = 3 have st (ie( the /llie( reply an( concl (e( that it virt ally ac2nowle(ges the position of o r note VreI esting the ;mperor's ; B

retentionW sent a few (ays ago& 3 fin( it I ite accepta$le&= (apanese ne+s agency announce/ surren/er an/ Hiro)ito later )a/ )is surren/er speec) recor/e/ ,or next /ay -roa/casting& Aug "$, 7n t)e early morning ":## am, in t)eir last attempt to reverse the s rren(er an( contin e the 'ar) as m ch as 9: F of the high officer militarists stage( a military co p& 6y %:## am, t)ey narro+ly ,aile/& Many committe/ suici/e& 8)ey pre,erre/ /eat) rat)er t)an t)e )umiliating surren/er& At noon time, (apanese people )ear/ a pre<recor/e/ voice never )ear/ -e,ore -y t)e most (apanese, t)e voice o, a 1amisama, a go/, t)e @mperor )imsel, announcing t)e @n/ o, War only to complain the /tomic 7om$s witho t mentioning -N; wor( a$o t the (efeat an( ncon(itional s rren(er) no apology) instea() still trie( har( to J%"#3.1 Japanese 5G years $r tal ''33 in /sia as t)e (apanese +ay to -ring peace to Asia : =&&&&& 7n/ee/, +e /eclare/ +ar on America an/ 6ritain out o, our sincere /esire to ens re Japan's self!preservation an( the sta$ilization of ;ast /sia) it $eing far from o r tho ght either to infringe pon the sovereignty of other nations or to em$ar2 pon territorial aggran(izement& &&&&& t)e +ar situation )as /evelope/ not necessarily to (apan2s a/vantage +)ile t)e general tren/s o, t)e +orl/ )ave all turne/ against )er interest& Moreover, t)e enemy )as -egun to employ a ne+ an/ most cr el $om$, t)e po+er o, +)ic) to /o /amage is, in/ee/, incalcula-le, ta1ing t)e toll o, many innocent lives& S)oul/ +e continue to ,ig)t, it +oul/ not only result in an ultimate collapse an/ o-literation o, t)e (apanese nation, -ut also it +oul/ lea/ to t)e total extinction o, )uman civili5ation& &&&&& 8)is is t)e reason +)y +e )ave or/ere/ t)e acceptance o, t)e provisions o, t)e joint /eclaration o, t)e po+ers& We cannot -ut express t)e /eepest sense o, regret to our allie/ nations o, @ast Asia, +)o )ave consistently cooperate/ +it) t)e @mpire to+ar/ t)e emancipation of ;ast /sia &&&&&&=

3n the en( ) neither the ? /tomic 7om$s @ Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i ) N-R the "oviet %nion >oining the war ha( really playe( a (ecisive role & 3t was the Go(!li2e ;mperor Hirohito whose "*ivine *ecision" to save himself ha( finally en(e( the war & /fter all ) it was a 5G long years of $r tal in!h man Holy 'ar that was personally approve( an( $lesse( $y ;mperor himself&

7n all conceiva-le military terms, t)e +ar2s outcome +as clearly /etermine/ at muc) earlier time& 'hy (i( Japan or the ;mporer allow the senseless 2illing go on for so long +

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7n 'e-& "?B$, ,ormer (apanese Prime Minister 'umimaro 9onoe propose/ to t)e @mperor t)at t)e +ar -e en/e/, stating t)at, =*efeat) while (eplora$le) is inevita$le&= 8)is early a/vice ,aile/ to move t)e (apanese lea/ers)ip to surren/er an/ save numerous lives&

S)o+a sc)olar supreme Her-ert P&6ix, aut)or o, = Hirohito an( the Ma2ing of Mo(ern Japan= commente/, =Hiro)ito +as 7mperial (apan2s )ere/itary )ea/ o, state&&&supreme comman/er o, )is ,orces&&&a religious lea/er&&&nation2s c)ie, pe/agogue& He live/ in a +orl/ o, )ig) politics& So, naturally, )e engage/ in politics&&& 0et, t)is man never assume/ responsi-ility ,or +)at )appene/ to t)e (apanese an/ Asian peoples +)ose lives +ere /estroye/ or )arme/ -y )is rule&&&&& He was more concerne( a$o t preserving an empowere( monarchy !! with himself on the throne&&&&& He never too2 responsi$ility for the war that was carrie( o t in his name&&&&& Morally) 3 tho ght he was a very wea2 person& He lac2e( $ac2$one) an( 3 thin2 his reign was a trage(y for the Japanese people&&&&& Den& MacArt)ur an/ t)e 8ruman a/ministration s)iel/e/ t)e @mperor an/ /ocuments +ere place/ o,, limits &&&&&=

8)e Atomic 6om-s not only +ere t)e ,inal act o, t)e secon/ +orl/ +ar -ut also -ecame t)e ,irst act o, t)e .ol/ War& 7n vie+ o, t)e +eapon2s terri-le ,erocity, t)e +orl/ +as 1ic1 starte/ into a ma/ nuclear arms race& 'ormer U&S& Presi/ent (immy .arter in )is article =/ *angero s N clear *eal 'ith 3n(ia=, *uote/ to/ay +e )ave almost !#,### nuclear +eapons +orl/+i/e, o, +)ic) t)e %&"& a$o t 5?):::) R ssia 56):::) China G::) .rance 94:) 3srael ?::) 7ritain 5E4) 3n(ia an( 0a2istan G: each& 7n Dec ;##%, 7srael PM @)u/ Olmert implie/ t)at 7srael )as nuclear +eapons /uring an intervie+ +it) Derman television, =.an you say t)at t)is is t)e same level, +)en t)ey are aspiring to )ave nuclear +eapons, as 'rance, America, Cussia an/ 7srael F= )e sai/& Aracountries are no+ calling ,or %N action over 3sraeli N clear /rms& 7t +as -ecause t)e ? /tomic 7om$s ha( serve( m lti!facete( p rposes& 8)ere,ore, Hiros)ima )a/ -ecome one o, t)e most morally contentious events o, t)e ;#t) century& Hiroshima @ 'as 3t Necessary + 7loo( on - r Han(s + (apanese )istorian Sa/ao Asa/a o, Dos)is)a University in 9yoto, notes t)at t)e (apanese military +as stea/,astly re,using to give up, an/ +as /etermine/ to 1eep going even i, t)at meant, as a navy o,,icial urge/ at one meeting, =sacri,icing ;# million (apanese lives&= 8)e (apanese +artime lea/ers +)o ,avore/ surren/er sa+ t)e /tomic 7om$ as a ne+ argument to accept surren/er& 7n t)e 7attle of "aipan, a-out B!,### (apanese sol/iers an/ ";,### (apanese civilians /ie/ on ; %

Saipan along +it) some $,### Americans an/ ?## local people /ie/ on Saipan an/ t)e near-y islan/ o, 8inian /uring a !<+ee1 -attle ,rom (une to (uly "?BB& 7t provi/e/ t)e ,irst 6<;? -ase in t)e Paci,ic& 8)e 6<;? -om-er t)at /roppe/ t)e atomic -om- on Hiros)ima too1 o,, ,rom 8inian& 7n t)e 7attle of 3wo Jima 3=Sul,ur 7slan/=, ## miles sout) o, 8o1yo4, t)e (apanese sol/iers +ere comman/e/ to /ie in /e,ense to exact suc) a price on allie/ ,orces as to /iscourage invasion o, t)eir mainlan/& US +ante/ it as a -ase ,or ,ig)ters escorting 6<;? -om-ers an/ as an emergency lan/ing strip& 9uri-ayas)i is sai/ to )ave or/ere/ eac) sol/ier to 1ill "# Americans -e,ore /ying& O, over ;",### (apanese, only ",#:! +ere ta1en prisoner alive& 8)e allie/ ,orces su,,ere/ ;$,### casualties, +it) nearly ,### /ea/& (apanese lea/ers )ope/ to 1ill enoug) Americans to convince U&S& t)at t)e invasion o, (apan +oul/ -e too costly so t)at t)e uncon/itional surren/er coul/ -e avoi/e/& 7attle of -2inawa )a/ 1ille/ approx& "##,### (apanese sol/iers 3inclu/ing local O1ina+a conscripts4, ";,### US sol/iers, an/ "##,### < "$#,### O1ina+ans civilians& A-out ">! o, t)e population o, islan/ +ere 1ille/& 8otal /eat) in t)e 7attle of -2inawa is more t)an t)e /tomic 7om$s of Nagasa2i an( Hiroshima com-ine/& Out o, /esperation, (apan esta-lis)e/ a 9ami1a5e special attac1 ,orce, using suici/e pilots to cras) -om-<la/en planes into Allie/ s)ip& During t)e -attle, (apanese army mounte/ a mass s ici(al one!way Kami2aze's Nero plane attac2& 7n total, US lost !% s)ips& !%: s)ips +ere /amage/& %! aircra,t +ere /estroye/& O, t)e total, t)e Kami2azes sun1 ;" +ars)ips an/ /amage/ %%& 8suneo Watana-e is (apan2s most po+er,ul me/ia -aron c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un, +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance& He eI ates Class!/ 'ar Criminal #o>o to Hitler& As to t)e 1ami1a5e pilots glori,ie/ as +illing martyrs ,or t)e emperor, )e sai/, angrily, =3t's all a lie that they left fille( with $raveness an/ joy, crying, 2Aong live t)e emperorQ2 & #hey were sheep at a sla ghterho se& ;very$o(y was loo2ing (own an( tottering& "ome were na$le to stan( p an( were carrie( an( p she( into the plane $y maintenance sol(iers=& A -attle o, (apanese main islan/s +oul/ )ave /e,initely cost muc) more& Moreover, t)e (apanese War Ministry )a/ or/ere/ all Allie/ PoWs to -e execute/ i, an assault on mainlan/ (apan +as stage/& @very single li,e, regar/less color an/ race, is precious an/ sacre/& Un,ortunately, in certain circumstances, t)e only +ay to save sacre/ lives an/ stop massive on<going senseless 1illing is to 1ill t)e 1illers an/ /estroy t)eir +ar capacity ASAP& 'aiting for the Japan to s rren(er was N-# a cost!free option < as a result o, t)e (apanese invasion, )un/re/s i, not t)ousan/s +ere /ying t)roug)out Asia every /ay&

8)at +as exactly +)y t)e /tomic 7om$s +ere /escri-e/ -y A/miral Mitsumasa 0onai, +)o )a/ -een Premier in "?B# an/ t)e (apanese Navy Minister at t)e time, as a = Gift from Heaven=& = 'e of the peace party were assiste( $y the /tomic 7om$ in o r en(eavor to en( the 'ar= sai/ Mar*uis 9oic)i 9i/o, t)e @mperor2s Privy Seal an/, in a sense, )is spo1esman an/ closest ai/es& =#he /tomic 7om$ was a gol(en opport nity given $y Heaven for Japan to en( the 'ar= sai/ Hisatsune Sa1omi5u, t)e (apanese .)ie, .a-inet Secretary in "?B$& W)ile many people aroun/ t)e +orl/ +ere )orri,ie/ -y t)e -om-ings, many +ere overjoye/& 8)e /tomic 7om$s might not $e the only factor that finally convince( Japan to s rren(er& 7 t it (efinitely was one of the ma>or an( (etermine( factors to shorten the most in!h man war in o r ?:th cent ry) th s save h n(re(s of tho san(s of lives incl (ing Japanese& 8)e tremen/ous psyc)ological impact )a/ cause/ many people to ignore t)e ,act t)at more people /ie/ in t)e conventional +ar t)an t)e Atomic 6om-s& 7n ,act, t)e total (eath in the 7attle of -2inawa is more than the /tomic 7om$s of Nagasa2i an( Hiroshima com$ine(& A man ,rom West Australia +rote in t)e guest -oo1 at t)e science museum at t)e <os /lamos National <a$oratory : =My mot)er, sister an/ 7 +ere in a PoW camp in (ava 3Dja1arta4 +)en t)e ,irst -om- +ent o,,& /s a reprisal) the Japanese were going to place all the camp resi(ents in $arges an( sin2 them in the Java "ea& #he ?n( $om$ save( o r lives !! an( all those innocent women an( chil(ren hel( in 0o' camps all over (ava an/ Sumatra an/ no /ou-t else+)ere& 3 am gratef l&= (apan2s o+n e,,orts to -uil/ an Atomic 6om- /uring t)e WW77 are extremely /i,,icult ,or many to accept -ecause o, t)e Atomic 6om-s /roppe/ on Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i& 8)e Atomic 6om-s +ere complaine/ -y t)e @mperor as t)e =Most Cr el 7om$= in )is surren/er speec)& 7 t very few Japanese) incl (ing Japanese /tomic victims) have even hear( of their own government's /tomic " per 7om$ program& 'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago&

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(apanese people2s cry ,or "No More Hiroshima" is act ally a slap in their own government's face $eca se Japanese /!$om$ victims were all *3R;C# victims of Japanese Militarism& 3n fact) Japan (roppe( ? m ch more *ea(ly 7om$s than the ? /tomic 7om$s onto China) i&e& Japanese!ma(e "Massacre 7om$" an( "Rape 7om$" e,plo(e( 5A98 in Nan>ing) the Chinese capital& 8)e Chinese 2ille( @ 9::)::: compare/ to ;##,### in Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i com-ine/, an/ 5::)::: girls an( women Rape(& 8)ere,ore, it s)oul/ -e "No More Nan>ing") "No More *enial") "No More Cover! p" instea/& Not to mention t)e Worst 6om-s ever /roppe/ -y (apan all over .)ina, i&e& WMD 6iological 6om-s, WMD .)emical 6om-s& 8)ese /ea/ly Japanese 'M* 7om$s are still 2illing an( in> ring Chinese, inclu/ing Chil(ren & to this (ay& 7ronically, a,ter Hiros)ima, Japan lo(ge( a protest with the 3nternational Re( Cross) insisting that the (ea(ly /!7om$ was a serio s violation of international law& 7ronically again, (apanese WMD unit !", "## routinely per,orme/ )uman guinea pig -iological experiments an/ some .)inese marutas +ere put into )ot +ater an/ gra/ually increase t)e temperature to stu/y /egree o, -urns an/ t)e relations)ip -et+een temperature an/ survival& #his in!h man s2in $ rn treatment 2nowle(ge might have save( many Japanese /tomic victims $y the Chinese lives& %nfort nately) for most Japanese) the (efining moments in ''33 were not their 5G years $r tal invasion of its neigh$oring co ntries) $ t the (evastation of Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i& #his n clear!victim attit (e has rile( all its tr ly victimize( neigh$ors& 8)is attitu/e is /eeply re,lecte/ in t)at, Japan has N;V;R offere( any government official apology that is formally an( officially approve( $y Japanese 0arliament as a "#r e <egal National /pology" using t)e more sincere (apanese +or/ = shazai =, NO8 t)e muc) less sincere (apanese +or/ =owa$i= ,or its unspea1a-le )orri,ic War .rimes, an/ ta1es ,ull legal an/ moral responsi-ilities& 8suneo Watana-e, (apanese Me/ia tycoon, c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance, no+ calls for clearer war apology $y Japanese premiers, =3t wo l( $e $est for 0arliament to set p a stan(ing committee on war responsi$ility an( e,press its position=& Japanese former 0M M rayama ha( trie( very har( for the official apology) $ t faile( ; ?

misera$ly to ac)ieve it in t)e = No 'ar Resol tion= ,or t)e $#t) anniversary o, U&N& an/ @n/ t)e War in "??$& #hat was e,actly why M rayama co l( only offer his 0ersonal /pology in 5AA4 an( repeate(ly se( the wor(s "3") "me") an( "my"& 'urt)ermore, M rayama only se( the m ch less sincere Japanese wor( "-wa$i", NO8 =shazai = in )is personal apology& 0rofessor 1oshimi 1oshia2i of Mo(ern Japanese History at Ch o %niversity in #o2yo) e,plaine( that "-wa$i" is only "slightly more weighty than an Ue,c se meM offere( when one $ mps sho l(ers with someone on the s $way&= 7ritish veterans acc se( M rayama "f (ging the iss e $y ma2ing the apology a 0ersonal one" & / stralia's reponse@ "comprehensive" $ t "more 0ersonal = not representative"& Many of to(ay's contemporary Japanese lea(ers) in $ig $ siness) the $ rea cracy) an( the <*0 are the *3R;C# inheritors of power from Japanese Militarists& #o a(mit an( confess the Japanese 'ar Crimes wo l( $e to a(mit to the "Moral 7an2r ptcy" of the 0re!'ar) 'ar!time an( 0ost!'ar Japanese Government& No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48) an( was also the fo n(ing father of the c rrent (ominate( <*0 0arty& His gran/son, /$e "hinzo) is now consi(ere( the front r nner to replace Koiz mi as 0M later t)is year& A-e is t)e son o, ,ormer ,oreign minister S)intaro A-e +)o +as implicate/ in t)e Cecruit insi/er tra/ing an/ -ig corruption scan/al in "?:#s& (apanese current 'oreign Minister 8aro Aso, anot)er ,ront runner to replace 9oi5umi, )as a /irect lin1 to family's mining company se( tho san(s of Koreans an( 0o's as "laves& 8aro /so himself ran the firm from 5A89!8A) has never ac2nowle(ge( his family company's enslavement& 7n Dermany, ,amily lin1s alone /o not /is*uali,y citi5ens ,rom pu-lic o,,ice& 6ut t)ey are expecte/ to s)o+ atonement or ma1e amen/s& 7eca se of Japanese c rrent foreign minister's (eclare( views) /so wo l( not $e a(mitte( to any government in Germany, a Derman em-assy o,,icial in 8o1yo says& #his is the e,act reason why the Japanese government has faile( so far to pass an *iet resol tion to offer an official apology& Apology is a sign o, maturity& "ho l( we apologise for the $ehavio r of previo s generations + Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er sai/, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& ;:#

7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& 'itho t an act of the Japanese 0arliament) N- apology is lawf l representative of the Japanese Government) or the 0eople of Japan& 8)at is exactly +)y Japan has $een offering 0ersonal /pology for several (eca(es) a$o t G: times -ut NO one -elieves t)at (apan is sincere -ecause o, its contrary actions an/ statements& S)inic)i Arai, pro,essor emeritus at Suruga/ai University, sai/: =Mr& 9oi5umi is -ringing out /n -<* /pology that has $een repeate( many times over the past 5: years &&&&& #he pro$lem is that only the wor(s were repeate() $ t Japan has never (one anything to prove it really regrette( its past&= Koiz mi has reiterate( his personal "(eep remorse" over its colonial aggression in /sia at t)e Asia<A,rica summit in Apr& ;##$& 6ut )is personal apology +as NO8 en/orse/ -y (apanese Parliament, only -ase/ on speec) ma/e -y ,ormer PM 8omiic)i Murayama in "??$& 7t +as (is!cre(ite( imme(iately $y E: Japanese mem$ers of 0arliament visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine most o, t)em ,rom 9oi5umi2s o+n ADP party& M0s n(ermine Japanese apology& 8o t)e a,,licte/ countries, 9oi5umi2s latest apology is t)e "/M; as all previo s apologies !! "0 rely 0ersonal"& 3t is inten(e( to mollify or worse ) .--< the /sian p $lic) 'estern me(ia an( 'estern politicians&

Japan's n mero s wea2 personal apologies appear so appalling in comparison +it) t)e German's historic th n(ering silent apology which was the most powerf l wor(s ever spo2en for the worl( peace an( reconciliation& Willy 6ran/t2s ne+ Ostpoliti1, on /ealing +it) Dermany2s )istory in a serious +ay )a/ earne/ 6ran/t t)e 0eace No$el 0rice in "? "& "ym$olically) one in(ivi( al German 2nelt (own) h m$ly & "pirit ally) whole German nation stoo( p again) hono ra$ly& 3n a star2 contrast) sym$olically) one in(ivi( al Japanese stoo( there worshipping) st $$ornly & "pirit ally) whole Japanese nation 2nelt (own) shamef lly& @very year on Aug& "$ at noon, (apan2s =Day o, Armistice=, 1no+n as t)e =Day o, Surren/er=, ;:"

(apanese government calls ,or a minute o, silence =in memory o, t)e more t)an ! million +)o peris)e/ in WW77&=, 6ut t)at ,igure is only (apanese -rutal invasion casualties& #he rest of /sia's 9: Millions victim's (eath are totally ignore( in historical amnesia& 8)e 9 million Japanese (ie( in the war) M-"# were Japanese inva(ing sol(iers& 7 t the 9: Millions victimize( /sians (ie() M-"# were > st civilians& #his star2 contrast clearly in(icates the vast magnit (e an( scope of the Japanese actrocio s Crimes committe( in /sia& Mr& (intaro 7s)i/a, ?, )a/ serve/ in t)e (apanese navy /uring t)e +ar, A,ter )e retire/ as a school teacher in "?::, )e /eci/e/ to travel t)roug) Asia sprea/ing t)e +or/ a-out t)e )orrors o, t)e ; atomic -om-s& 7nstea/ o, sympat)y, )e sai/, )e sometimes ,oun/ )ostility& = 3 was shoc2e( to (iscover that the $om$s were (roppe( to stop Japan&= )e sai/& So )e -egan rea/ing +artime accounts, searc)ing t)roug) t)e recor/s o, +ar crimes trials an/ systematically visiting t)e sites o, massacres& "'herever 3 went)" he sai() "the s rvivors ha( only one I estion @ How co l( the Japanese have $een so cr el ++ " =8)ese stories +ere -eyon/ anyt)ing 7 )a/ expecte/,= )e sai/& =Ho+ coul/ t)ey )ave /one t)is F *i( they have no conscience + = His /eca/e long searc) )as resulte/ in an extraor/inary -oo1 =#he Remains of 'ar@ /pology an( .orgiveness= pu-lis)e/ ;##", +it) (apanese title =#he Killers an( the Kille(=& 'umi1o Na1amura, a ?"<year<ol/ ,ormer pu-lic sc)ool teac)er, can2t s)a1e t)e pro,oun/ remorse s)e ,eels& Ms& Na1amura use/ to ex)ort )er stu/ents to ,ig)t ,or t)e @mperor& S)e is /eeply as)ame/ o, )er involvement in t)e +ar& = 3 will carry this sin as long as 3 live,= s)e says& As (apan expan/s its military roles a-roa/, )er voice )as gro+n lou/er& No+ t)at some (apanese lea/ers +ant to turn t)e =Sel,<De,ense 'orces= into 'ull<'le/ge/ Military, A5!years! ol( woman has $ecome more vocal than ever& "3 see certain parallels $etween present sit ations in Japan an( in the pre!war perio(,= s)e +arns& Noria1i 9amiya, a )ig) sc)ool social stu/ies teac)er in Nagoya& Cat)er t)an )i/ing )is ,amily )istory, 9amiya tal1e/ a-out it in )is classroom an/ aroun/ (apan& At ,irst )e re,erre/ to )is ,at)er o-li*uely, as an =ac*uaintance&= 6ut in "??$, a young Diet mem-er /eclare/ t)at )er generation -ore no responsi-ility ,or +artime atrocities, an/ )e sees +orrying signs o, a revival o, t)e same 1in/ o, nationalistic t)in1ing& So )e -egan spea1ing openly& = Japan has emphasize( the part of Japanese as victims) s ch as in Hiroshima& 7 t it hasn't to che( the shamef l parts&= sai/ 9amiya& 8)e Asia Peace Alliance o, (apan in (apan +)ic) )as support ,rom %B organi5ations +arne/

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t)at nationalism is on t)e rise an/ more s)oul/ -e /one to prevent t)e younger generation ,rom t)in1ing t)at (apanese militarism is t)e +ay to go& =@veryt)ing 7 )ear t)ese /ays ma1es me really upset,= sai/ Sunao 8su-oi, no+ :# +as a university stu/ent +)en t)e -om- explo/e/ over Hiros)ima& =3 get a strong feeling that Japan is leaning to the right) that we're going (own a roa( that we've $een (own $efore,= His ,ace still visi-ly scarre/ ,rom t)e atomic -urns an/ is +orrie/ (apan may again -e )ea/e/ /o+n t)e pat) o, militarism& 9in)i/e Mus)a1oji, Pro,essor o, Osa1a University o, @conomics an/ Aa+, sai/: =No+ +e2re part o, t)e +est an/ militarizing in s pport of the /merican government& 0eople thin2 it's right) #hat's what's really the pro$lem 3'm concerne( a$o t&= 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years $r tal ''33&

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8)e constant remin/ers o, t)e atrocities o, Dermany2s Na5i regime is no+ recogni5e/ as a major preventive measure against t)e revival o, Na5ism in Dermany& #o $ring attention to the M-"# 3n!h man 'ar Crimes against H manity in ?:th cent ry committe( $y Japan can also prevent the c rrent res rgence of Militarism in Japan& 8)e concern /oes not come ,rom resentment or )atre/ or revenge or reprisal& 7t comes ,rom t)e )ope an/ love o, peace ,or our ,uture generations all over t)e +orl/&

Japan's 'M* /tomic 7om$ 0ro>ect #he n!#hin2a$le

'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years atrocio s ''33& ;:B

7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& (apan once again capa-le o, an a+esome military -uil/up, -ut this time incl (es N clear Capa$ilities& On " (une "? B, (apanese Prime Minister 8sutomu Hata tol/ reporters t)at =it2s certainly t)e case t)at (apan )as t)e capa-ility to possess nuclear +eapons -ut )as not ma/e t)em&= 7n Nov ;##%, =Japan is capa$le of pro( cing n clear weapons,= 'oreign Minister 8aro Aso tol/ a parliamentary committee on security issues& =6ut +e are not saying +e )ave plans to possess nuclear +eapons&= Aso, +)o )as calle/ ,or /iscussion o, (apan2s non<nuclear policy, also asserte/ t)at t)e paci,ist constitution /oes not ,or-i/ possession o, nuclear -om-& Accor/ing to a researc) report, Japan secretly st (ie( the possi$ility of Japan going n clear& 8)e report, /ate/ (uly !#, "?:", is title/ =-n n clear eI ipment= an/ +as part o, a researc) project on =8)e ,uture o, (apan2s /e,ense policy&= 7t is alrea/y 1no+n t)at (apan on several occasions con/ucte/ researc) on t)e possi-ility o, /eveloping a nuclear arsenal, t)is report ,ocuse/ on t)e tec)nical possi-ilities& 6ut concl (e( the i(ea wasn't feasi$le in light of the nation's in( strial an( technological infrastr ct re at that time& 7n May ;##;, Prime Minister Koiz mi's top ai(e) Chief Ca$inet "ecretary 1as o . 2 (a) appeare( to signal a shift away from the anti!n clear (octrine $y saying Japan was not legally prohi$ite( from having atomic arms& 7n (une ;##B, some Japan's politicians have $eg n to voice $rea2ing with policy of non! n clear pacifism rati,ie/ in a parliamentary vote in "? ", i&e& t)e #hree Non!N clear 0rinciples < Never to o+n, pro/uce or allo+ nuclear +eapons on (apanese territory& Some o, (apan2s 45 n clear reactors are operate/ -eyon/ commercial terms& (apanese government /eclare/ in t)e early "??#s t)at it +oul/ not )ol/ more plutonium t)an +as necessary ,or commercial use& 7n "??", it )a/ ?,### 1ilograms o, plutonium& 6ut t)e current stoc1pile )as alrea/y increase/ ,ive,ol/ to nearly B$,### 1ilograms& Japan now has one of the largest stoc2s of 'eapons! sa$le 0l toni m in the worl( CG4)::: 2ilograms an( growingD& (apan )as also access to t)e most a/vance/ missile tec)nology, an/ +it) plans to start up t)e USN;" 6illion Co11as)o<mura plant to re<process t)e plutonium&

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#his is N-# $y acci(ent) $ t (esign& *eli$erate policy esta$lishe( in the late 5A6:s $y Japanese politicians was aime( at acI iring the n clear material reI ire( for /tomic 7om$s) an( the means to (eliver them& Wit)out )aving to cross t)e /i,,icult t)res)ol/ o, actual +eapons /evelopment, (apan )as alrea/y -ecome a /e ,acto nuclear +eapons state& H ge 'eapons! sa$le rani m an( pl toni m stoc2piles) eno gh for h n(re(s of n clear $om$s) com$ine( with roc2ets that co l( $e converte( into missile la nchers ena$le remorseless Japan to (eliver 'M* N clear 7om$s in only months& Japan's n clear power program $ase( on reprocesse( pl toni m has aro se( wi(esprea( s spicion that Japan is secretly planning to (evelop n clear weapons& (apan2s nuclear tec)nology an/ am-iguous nuclear inclinations )ave provi/e/ a consi/era-le nuclear potential, -ecoming a =para<nuclear state=& 8)oug) (apan claims to support t)e Nuclear Non<proli,eration 8reaty, -ut Japan has not ratifie( the Comprehensive N clear #est 7an #reaty& 7t +as t)e ; Atomic 6om-s, =<ittle 7oy= an/ =.at Man=, )a/ ,inally stoppe/ (apan2s in< )uman War .rimes& 'hat if Japan ha( s ccee(e( in $ il(ing its own /!7om$ first in the ''33 + No$o(y wo l( ever (o $t that the Japanese wo l( have certainly se( it 6: years ago& (apan2s o+n e,,orts to -uil/ an Atomic 6om- /uring t)e WW77 are extremely /i,,icult ,or many to accept -ecause o, t)e Atomic 6om-s /roppe/ on Hiros)ima an/ Nagasa1i& 8)e Atomic 6om-s +ere complaine/ -y t)e @mperor as t)e =Most Cr el 7om$= in )is surren/er speec)& 6ut very ,e+ (apanese, inclu/ing (apansese Atomic victims, )ave even )ear/ o, t)eir o+n government2s Atomic " per 7om$ program& 'or nearly % /eca/es, )istorians )ave -een una-le to solve one o, t)e mysteries : Japanese /tomic 0rogram ! How close were Japanese scientists to $ il(ing the /tomic 7om$ + 7n "?!%, (apan2s lea/ing nuclear p)ysicist, Dr& 0os)io Nis)ina +)o )a/ previously +or1e/ +it) atomic pioneer an/ No-el laureate Niels 6o)r in .open)agen, -uilt a ;%<inc) cyclotron& Dr& Nis)i/a 1ne+ t)e military potential o, nuclear +eapons, an/ +as +orrie/ t)at t)e U&S&

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+ere alrea/y at +or1 on suc) a nuclear -om-& 7n "?! , Nis)ina -uilt anot)er -igger ;;#<ton %#<inc) cyclotron an/ promote/ t)e /evelopment o, a nuclear +eapon& 7n Octo-er "?B#, At& Deneral 8a1eo 0asu/a o, t)e (apanese Army +as convince/ t)at atomic -om- +as practical an/ -y (uly o, "?B" t)e program +as ,un/e/ an/ )ea/e/ -y Dr& 0os)io Nis)ina in )is researc) institute, t)e Ci1en 3t)e 7nstitute ,or P)ysical an/ .)emical Cesearc)4& 7n a separate atomic program, t)e (apanese Naval 8ec)nological Cesearc) 7nstitute )a/ also loo1e/ into t)e ,easi-ility o, a (apanese atomic -om-& 8)e project +as calle/ .!Go or No& . 3' ,or 'ission4 in "?B;& 7t +as )ea/e/ -y Pro,& 6unsa1u Ara1atsu at t)e 9yoto University, +)o stu/ie/ un/er Al-ert @instein& 8)e Navy conclu/e/ t)e atomic -om- +as ,easi-le, -ut lac1 o, resources an/ also coul/ not -e -uilt in time -e,ore t)e +ar2s li1ely en/& 8)e (apanese Navy t)ere,ore /roppe/ t)e project on Marc) "?B!& Ho+ever, t)e (apanese Army project un/er Dr& Nis)ina continue/& 7t +as later supplemente/ -y t)e 7mperial Navy2s ;n/ Nuclear program +)ic) +as ,inance/ -y t)e 'leet A/ministration .enter& 8)e Navy contract +as a+ar/e/ to t)e University o, 9yoto +)ere a secon/ cyclotron +as -uilt an/ operate/ -y Dr& Ara1atsu& A,ter U&S& 6<;? -om-ing rai/s /estroye/ t)e Ci1en researc) ,acilities in early "?B$, Navy program still trie/ to /evelop an atomic -om- to use in suici/e planes an/ su-marines against a pro-a-le invasion o, (apan main islan/& #o avoi( f rther $om$ing) the (evelopment was relocate( to Konan Cnow calle( H ngnam) in North KoreaD early in "?B$& (apan later /isclose/ its nuclear program to its ally Dermany, an/ re*ueste/ assistance& On May "?, "?B$, %" capt re( a Nazi %!$oat arrive( at 0ortsmo th) N&H& #he German s $marine was carrying 46: 2ilograms of rani m o,i(e in 5: cases (estine( for the Japanese army, escorte/ -y ; (apanese o,,icers& 8o avoi/ capture, t)e ; (apanese o,,icials, Aieutenant .omman/er Hi/eo 8omonaga an/ Aieutenant .omman/er Den5o S)oji, committe/ suici/e& 7n "?B%, a journalist name/ Davi/ Snell, +rote a sensational story +)ic) claime/ t)at (apan )a/ in ,act success,ully /evelope/ an/ teste/ a nuclear +eapon in 9onan& Snell )a/ serve/ in t)e military /uring t)e +ar an/ +as assigne/ to t)e ;Bt) .riminal 7nvestigation Detac)ment in 9orea& He intervie+e/ =a (apanese o,,icer, +)o sai/ )e +as in c)arge o, counter intelligence at t)e 9onan project -e,ore t)e ,all o, (apan=, 1no+n un/er t)e pseu/onym .apt& 8setusuo Wa1a-ayas)i& Accor/ing to Snell, t)e program +as a-le to assem-le a complete nuclear +eapon in a cave in 9onan an/ /etonate it on August ";, "?B$ on an unmanne/ s)ip near-y& 8)e o,,icer sai/ -e,ore t)e Soviets arrive/, t)e (apanese /estroye/ t)e plant, inclu/ing ;:

incomplete -om-s& =We lost ! mont)s in t)e trans,er,= Snell *uote/ )im as saying& =We +oul/ )ave )a/ Tt)e -om-U ! mont)s earlier i, it )a/ not -een ,or t)e 6<;?&= Co-ert Wilcox, aut)or o, = Japan's "ecret 'ar ! Japan's race against time to $ il( its own /tomic 7om$= an/ Was)ington, D&.&, researc)er .)arles W& Stone )ave /ocuments suggesting (apan mig)t )ave move/ its nuclear operations to 9orea a,ter U&S& 6<;? rai/s /roppe/ conventional -om-s on (apan& +)ic) +as capture/ -y Soviet troops at +ar2s en/& 7t says t)e mysterious output o, t)e Hungnam plant +as collecte/ every ot)er mont) -y Soviet su-marines& 7n April ;##;, a long<lost +artime ;! pages /ocument o, 7mperial army papers ,inally o,,er some insig)t into Japan's 'M* /tomic 7om$ 0ro>ect < An Unreali5e/ Nuclear Armage//on in .)ina& 8)e /ocument +as snea1e/ out o, (apan just a,ter t)e +ar -y ,ormer University o, 8o1yo pro,essor 9a5uo 9uro/a, +)o le,t ,or t)e U&S& A,ter )is /eat) in Aas Gegas in ;##", 9uro/a2s +i/o+ sent t)e /ocument -ac1 to Ci1en 7nstitute& 8)e +artime rationing, limite/ resources an/ material, ine,,icient met)o/ to ma1e U<;!$ an/ lac1 o, ,un/ing ma/e (apan2s Atomic 6om- project progresse/ very slo+ly& 6ut at t)e root o, (apan2s atomic ,ailure +as Nis)ina2s ,la+e/ t)eory a-out an atomic -last& =#he (oc ments are one of a 2in(& 'e can finally prove that even if Japan ha( $ ilt a $om$) it wo l( not have $een powerf l at all&= sai/ Masa1atsu 0ama5a1i, a pro,essor o, science )istory at t)e 8o1yo 7nstitute o, 8ec)nology +)o analy5e/ t)e /ocument& On April ";, "?B$, t)e nig)t t)e U&S& 6<;? +arplanes came, Cyo)ei Na1ane )a/ -een enric)ing uranium ,or Japan's " per 7om$& 6y t)e next morning, all t)e samples, la-oratory an/ t)e (apan2s /ream o, Atomic Super 6om-, at Ci1en 7nstitute, +ere /estroye/ -y t)e 6<;?& 'ormer Derman Presi/ent Cic)ar/ von Wei5asec1er in a speec) t)at mar1e/ B#t) aniversity o, WW77, state/ clearly : = 'hoever ref ses to remem$er the in!h manity is prone to new ris2s of infection& = 6ut this time) the new ris2s of infection co l( $e N clear& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( ;::

most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years atrocio s ''33& 8)e /ispatc) o, Sel,<De,ense +ars)ips an/ troops is a small -ut signi,icant step in (apan2s e,,orts to mo/i,y its "0eace Constit tion /rticle A" an/ rene+ its Militarism& 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression&

9? 1ears History #e,t$oo2 <egal 7attle

8)e /e-ate )as -een smol/ering in (apan ,or t)e past %# years a,ter t)e +ar& (apanese )istory 0rofessor "a$ ro 3enaga, +)o )a/ -ecome ,or many t)e living conscience of Japan, )a/ launc)e/ ! )ig)ly pu-lici5e/ la+suits against t)e Department o, @/ucation& 7t +as a crusa/e motivate/ -y )is nee/ to erase a sense of wartime g ilt at in(octrinating st (ents to fight for a go(!emperor) $ t also to e,pose an( n(erstan( wartime atrocities& 6ase/ on )is o+n researc), )e +rote a )ig) sc)ool text-oo1 +)ic) inclu/e/ (apan2s terri-le War crimes : Nanjing Massacre an/ in,amous Unit !"& 8ime a,ter time again, )is manuscripts +ere sent -ac1 ,rom t)e @/ucation Department& He +as as1e/ to /elete a re,erence to t)e (apanese =aggression= in .)ina an/ tol/ to use t)e +or/s =military a/vance= instea/& Cegar/ing t)e Nanjing massacre, )e )a/ to )aggle +it) e/ucation o,,icials over t)e num-er o, .)inese civilians 1ille/& As ,or t)e in,amous Unit !", it +as ma/e clear t)at any mention o, its existence +oul/ *uite simply -ar t)e -oo1 ,rom pu-lication&

;:?

7n "?%$, Mr& 7enaga sue/ t)e @/ucation Department, arguing t)at text-oo1 screening violates ,ree/om o, expression an/ e/ucation guarantee/ -y t)e (apanese .onstitution& 7n "?% , )e ,ile/ a ;n/ suit see1ing t)e reversal o, a "?%% rejection o, an application ,or approval o, t)e text-oo1& 7enaga lost -ot) suits& 7n "? #, +)en t)e 8o1yo District .ourt rule/ on t)e ;n/ case, it sai/ t)e revie+ system +as illegal an/ a ,orm o, censors)ip +)en i/eological an/ p)ilosop)ical consi/erations arose /uring t)e approval process& 7n "? $, t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt /ismisse/ an appeal -y t)e @/ucation Ministry against t)e ruling on t)e ;n/ case& 6ut t)e Supreme .ourt later overturne/ t)e ju/gment an/ or/ere/ a retrial, lea/ing t)e )ig) court to rule against 7enaga in "?:?& 7n "?:B, 7enaga ,ile/ a !r/ suit over a /escription in )is )istory text-oo1 a-out t)e (apanese 7mperial Army2s notorious 6iological War,are Unit !"& 7n May "?? , a joint committee +it) representatives o, t)e Association ,or Aearning H Preserving t)e History o, WW77 in Asia 3AAPHA4 an/ t)e National Association o, (apanese .ana/ians2 3NA(.4 Human Cig)ts .ommittee, )as -egun a campaign in s pport of the 3enaga te,t$oo2 screening s it in Japan& August ;?, "?? (apanese Supreme .ourt ,inally r le( that it was illegal for the te,t$oo2 screeners to rge 3enaga to (elete the (escription a$o t %nit 895 an( or(ere( the government to pay G::)::: yen in (amages to :!<year<ol/ )istorian Sa-uro 7enaga, alt)oug) it rule/ t)at t)e system o, screening sc)ool text-oo1s is constitutional& Alt)oug) t)e Japanese government has now a(mitte( to the e,istence of %nit 895) $ t officials have repeate(ly state( that no (oc ments e,ist that verify the nit's activities& Nori1o Omori, a la+yer +)o )as -een involve/ in t)e la+suits ,or nearly !# years, sai/ s)e +ill continue ,ig)ting against t)e screening system outsi/e t)e courtroom in or/er ,or (apanese c)il/ren to -e a-le to nurture t)eir o+n t)in1ing&= 6ecause o, )is ol/ age an/ poor )ealt), 7enaga /eci/e/ not to ,ile anot)er la+suit& =3 $elieve 3 have helpe( open a hole to let in the fresh air&= sai/ 7enaga& 8)e partial victory en/e/ )is 9? years legal $attle starte/ in "?%$& A,ter t)e la+suits, in conclusion, (apanese History Pro,essor Sa-uro 7enaga +rote in Nan2ing Massacre an( the "chool #e,t$oo2 "creening <aws it : =Durng Worl/ War 77 t)e Nan1ing Massacre +as a secret strictly )i//en ,rom (apanese people& -nly after the 'ar (i( we come to 2now a$o t what happene( thro gh news reports on the 3nternational Military #ri$ nal in #o2yo& 7 t)oug)t t)at +e (apanese s)oul/ ,eel as)ame/ -ecause as perpetrators +e /i/n2t 1no+ anyt)ing a-out t)is major event +)ic) +as very +ell<1no+n among t)e victims an/ t)eir compatriots& 7 t)ere,ore consi/ere/ it as -eing necessary to mention it in t)e sc)ool )istory text-oo1& Ho+ever, 7 /eci/e/ not to /o so as it +as o-vious /uring perio/ o, t)e "? #2s t)at my entire text-oo1 /ra,t +oul/ )ave -een rejecte/ -y t)e screening o,,icials i, 7 )a/ touc)e/ on t)e su-ject&= ;?#

=Aater on at t)e -eginning o, t)e "?:#2s 7 /eci/e/ t)at t)e Nan1ing Massacre s)oul/ -e mentione/ an/ 7 actually +rote a-out it& As expecte/, 7 +as re*ueste/ to revise t)e /escription o, t)e su-ject& 8)is in/ee/ -ecame one o, t)e major issues o, t)e sc)ool text-oo1 screening la+suit& 7n "??! t)e 8o1yo Hig) .ourt rule/ t)at t)e government 3Ministry o, @/ucation4 )a/ acte/ illegally +)en screening t)e /escription o, =Nan1ing Massacre= in my /ra,t text-oo1& 8)e government /i/ not appeal t)is Hig) .ourt ruling to t)e Supreme 3)ig)est4 .ourt& /s a res lt) the High Co rt r ling on the illegal screening regar(ing the Nan2ing Massacre was finalize(& We are no+ a-le to openly +rite a-out it in t)e text-oo1s&= =3n / g st 5AA8 the " preme Co rt iss e( the > (gement that mar2e( the concl sion of the school te,t$oo2 laws it& 8)roug) t)e long process o, t)e la+suit, the final res lt is that no$o(y co l( now serio sly arg e that the Nan2ing Massacre was nothing $ t a fa$rication&= 7n "?: , A5uma S)iro -ecomes t)e ,irst ,ormer (apanese sol/ier to pu-licly a/mit an/ apologi5e ,or )is Nanjing crimes& He pu-lis)e/ )is /iary =My Nan2ing 0latoon= to s)o+ )is remorse an/ re-ut (apanese /ou-ts a-out Nanjing Massacre& He su,,ere/ )arassment an/ t)reats ,rom (apanese rig)t<+ings /enounce/ )im as a traitor& 3enaga was nominate( for the No$el 0eace 0rize& He passe/ a+ay in peace on Dec& ;, ;##; at age :?& =(apan is a very strange country, trut) cannot prevail,= Nagase 8a1as)i anot)er ,ormer imperial sol/er, says in a moc1 incre/ulous voice& ="o 3 am a citizen of the worl( an( N-# a Japanese=& Mr& Nagase is also a /evote/ crusa/er ,or a just cause& He /ares to /o t)e unt)in1a-le in (apan& He calls t)e Japanese Royal .amily the 'ar Criminal .amily, saying t)e @mperor s)oul/ eit)er commit )ari1iri or -ecome a "hinto priest& Hiro)ito coul/ )ave stoppe/ t)e +ar at any time& An/ )e never too1 any responsi-ility& Japan has s ccessf lly $rainwashe( its own people $y glorifying Convicte( Class / war Criminals as national heroes an( p $licly (enie( the atrocities ! Nan>ing Massacre) %nit 895) %nit 5::) %nit 456& Wit) censore( te,t$oo2s to conceal atrocities, E: F of the Japanese now (o not 2now that Japan ha( ever inva(e( another co ntry) he says& "#hey only 2now the atomic $om$ e,plo(e( over Hiroshima an( we lost the war&" Mr& Nagase $elieves Japan (eserve( the atomic $om$s (roppe( on Hiroshima an( Nagasa2i -ecause t)e atomic -om-s imme/iately stoppe/ t)e +ar, saving numerous lives o, (apanese, PoWs, an/ civilians in Asian countries&

.alsification of History #e,t$oo2

8)e Asia2s strong reactions in ;##$, i&e& large scale o, protests against (apan an/ millions signe/ t)e online petition to U&N&, ,rom t)e people o, Asia, especially ,rom .)ina an/ S&9orea, )ave s)o+n t)at even t)oug) t)e +ar en/e/ in Asia %# years ago, t)e -itter issue o, (apanese War .rimes committe/ -e,ore an/ /uring t)at +ar )as clearly not -een resolve/& ;?"

6ut, van/alism is never an appropriate +ay to express one2s anger& 8)e violence against (apanese people an/ property is a-solutely +rong -ecause t)e (apanese Dovernment /oes NO8 e*ual to t)e (apanese People& 7n ,act, in t)e past years, it is t)e conscientious an/ courageous (apanese in/ivi/uals, )istorians, la+yers, )uman rig)ts activists, paci,ists, teac)ers, /octors an/ ,ormer (apanese sol/iers +)o -roug)t ,or+ar/ many o, t)e War .rime .ases against t)eir o+n government& Some are even ris1ing t)eir o+n lives& 8)ey )ave contri-ute/ t)e most an/ /onate/ muc) time an/ money to )elp t)e .)inese an/ 9orean victims& =Japanese people an( the Japanese Me(ia tal2 only a$o t the reaction of the Koreans an( Chinese,= sai/ 8a1esato Watana-e, pro,essor o, me/ia et)ics at Dos)is)a University in 9yoto an/ visiting sc)olar at Harvar/ University, aut)or o, -oo1 title/ =/ 0 $lic 7etraye(= to expose +)at )e calle/ t)e =Japanese Me(ia /trocities= o, /eceptions, lies, an/ a-uses o, m/eia po+er in (apan& ='e nee( the historical facts a$o t how these iss es are $orn in the first place if we are ever going to settle anything peacef lly in /sia=, sai/ pro,essor 8a1esato Watana-e& 8)e 8ext-oo1 +as ,irst approve/ -y (apanese Dovernment screening panel G years ago an( ha( alrea(y ca se( e,tensive o tcry in ?::5 ,rom neig)-ouring WW77 vicitimi5e/ countries& China con(emne( Japan 'a$s r(' rewrite of ''33 in ?::5& (apanese e/ucation ministry sai/ "! c)anges )a/ -een ma/e a,ter wi(esprea( protests from Korea an( China in ?::5& *ec& ?::: /ppeal $y Japanese Historians an( History ;( cators ! 'e cannot entr st History ;( cation to a #e,t$oo2 that (istorts History& History #e,t$oo2s@ for whom an( for what p rpose + 8)oug) given a+ay ,or ,ree, t)e Dovernment approve/ nationalist Ne+ History 8ext-oo1 is use/ only -y ": junior )ig) sc)ools& 6ut it )as cause/ outrages an/ -een /enounce/ -y many (apanese conscientious e/ucators an/ li-erals in (apan& 7t also un/erscores a /istur-ing -roa/er tren/ in recent years& Japan's largest national newspaper 1omi ri "him$ n has calle( on its rea(ers to cele$rate the new #e,t$oo2s o, cutting out all mentions a-out t)e Sex Slaves& = /ll history te,t$oo2s are shifting their foc s away from Japan's wartime atrocities,= sai/ Mi1io Someya, spo1esman ,or (apan 8eac)ers2 Association, t)e lea/ing teac)ers2 union in (apan& =8)ey are approve( $eca se their contents reflect the views of the government an( conservative r ling party mem$ers&= sai/ 0os)i,umi 8a+ara, +)o )ea/s Chil(ren an( #e,t$oo2s Japan Networ2 ?5& ;?;

8)e ?::4 revise( e(ition of Japanese History te,t$oo2 (istorts even more t)an t)e ?::5 ;(ition: excises all mention o, Sex Slaves, portraying (apan as more victim t)an aggressorE claims (apan )a/ =no c)oice= -ut to occupy t)e 9oreaE #he new te,t$oo2 I estions Nan>ing Massacre an( says China provo2e( war : /o+nplaying =?5 H miliating *eman(s=& Alt)oug) still su,,ering as a Western colonial victim, ( ring '&'&3) China sent A6)::: la$orers to help allies an( wor2e( in the trenches& ?)::: ha( (ie( there& At en/ o, W&W&7 at t)e peace con,erence in Paris, .)ina re*ueste/: /o a+ay +it) t)e privileges o, imperialist ,oreign countries in .)ina, cancel t)e (apanese =?5 H miliating *eman(s=, ta1e -ac1 t)e privileges in S)an/ong t)at (apan )a/ ta1en ,rom Dermany& Ho+ever, not +illing to give up t)eir ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina, t)e U&S&, 6ritain an/ 'rance rejecte/ .)ina2s /eman/s& 7nstea/, /rticle 546 of #reaty of Versailles transferre( German concessions in "han(ong) China to Japan rather than ret rning sovereign a thority to China& .)ina re,use/ to sign t)e #reaty of Versailles, compoun/e/ +it) t)e (apanese ?5 H miliating *eman(s le/ /irectly to t)e ,irst mass movement in mo/ern .)inese )istory, i&e& t)e ,amous .irst Chinese niversity st (ent movement @ May Gth Movement in 6eijing in "?"? an/ triggere/ a nation+i/e 7oycott of Japanese Goo(s& 8)e movement also ignite/ a +ave o, searc)ing e,,orts -y t)e intellectuals ,or a solution to save .)ina ,rom ,oreign colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& Some a/vocate/ gra/ual cultural re,orm, +)ile ot)ers intro/uce/ Marxism an/ le/ to t)e -irt) o, t)e Chinese Comm nist 0arty& "$ (apanese civic groups issue/ a statement, = #he '(angero s' contents filling the #e,t$oo2 as a whole have not change( in any essential way& #here are even parts that have $een revise( for the worse&=, /o+n playing Nanjing Massacre, ignoring Sex Slaves, /epicting (apan as aime/ at li-erating ot)er Asian countries& 8)e 8ext-oo1 )as -een a -ig pro-lem in (apan since en/ o, +ar, 9? 1ears History #e,t$oo2 <egal 7attle ,or /etails& Cecently, Japanese civic gro ps ran an a(vertisement in the 1omi ri "him$ n calling on people to re>ect the new te,t$oo2s 8)e Coot cause o, t)e -itterness is NO8 t)e History 8ext-oo1 or t)e -i//ing o, U&N& Security .ouncil +)ic) are only t)e triggering ,actors& 8)e Real Root Ca se is t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& again H manity& 7t is also t)e Real "ol tion ,or t)e people in Asia -ecause 'itho t the Cover! p) Japan will have to Nat rally an( 'illingly follow the great e,ample set $y the co rageo s Germany& W@' ,oun/er an/ executive c)airman 9laus Sc)+a- +arne/ Asia o, t)e Ris2 of %n! *igeste( History, = Coming from ; rope where a reconciliation process has ta2en place) we have to(ay a clear "; ropean 3(entity=, parallel to our National 7/entity& 8)is )as not )appene/ )ere in t)is region& We spea1 a lot a-out Asia, -ut where is the "/sian 3(entity" +

;?!

8)e =Asian 7/entity= coul/ only -e ac)ieve/ t)roug) t)e only pat) availa-le, i&e& t)roug) truly sincere apology, compensation, an/ ,orgiveness& Only t)en, t)e people o, Asia can truly live peace,ully an/ )armoniously toget)er, an/ only t)en t)eir Asian /ream o, an Union similar to t)e ; ropean %nion C;%D coul/ -e reali5e/ in t)e ,uture& Here are some speci,ic examples in t)e (apanese New J nior High "chool History #e,t$oo2s of ?::?& an/ #ort o s tangles over Japanese te,t$oo2s 'or /etails, re,er to Chil(ren an( #e,t$oo2s Japan Networ2 ?5 "& Ce,erences to =Comfort 'omen= )ave /isappeare/ ,rom B out o, companies2 pro/uct 3i, +e inclu/e 8)e Society2s text-oo1s, it +oul/ -ring it to $ out o, : companies4& 'urt)ermore, even in t)ose companies +)o )ave retaine/ re,erences to =.om,ort Women=, only ; o, t)em place t)ose re,erences in t)e ="$ 0ear (apan<.)ina War, Asia<Paci,ic War= sectionE t)e remaining company only re,ers to =.om,ort Women= in t)e =Post+ar .ompensation= section& 7n a//ition, only " company actually uses t)e term =.om,ort Women= 3ian,u4, +)ile t)e ot)er ; re,er to =com,ort stations= 3ian s)isetsu4& 7nci/entally, the G companies that remove( "Comfort 'omen" references c rrently (ominate E:F of the mar2et& ;& Ce,erences to t)e Nan>ing Massacre 3Nanjing 7nci/ent4 )ave also -een consi/era-ly rolle/ -ac1& 'irstly, out o, B companies t)at use/ t)e term =Nanjing Massacre=, ; )ave s+itc)e/ to t)e term =Nanjing 7nci/ent=, 8)ree o, t)ose companies formerly se( the term "massacre" in the te,t) $ t all of them now refer to "m r(er" Csats gaiD or "2illing" C2oroshitaD& 'urt)ermore, +)ile at present % companies re,er to t)e num-ers 1ille/, only ; +ill continue to /o so, +)ile t)e ot)ers +ill replace num-ers +it) p)rases suc) as =large num-ers 3+ere 1ille/=4, =many 3+ere 1ille/=4, =a lot 3+ere 1ille/=4 3one even o-ligingly provi/es a *uali,ying ,ootnote explaining t)at t)ere is no agreement on t)e num-er o, casualties4& !& On t)e #hree!/ll 0olicy CKill /ll) <oot /ll) 7 rn /llD, alt)oug) $ companies use/ to re,er to it, only " +ill continue to /o so in ,uture, moreover t)e one company that referre( to "%nit 895" will no longer (o so& B& Ce,erences to t)e 7attle of -2inawa )ave also regresse/& 'rom t+o pages to one, ,rom ten lines to t+o an/ a )al, +it)out its o+n su-<)ea/ing, ,rom seven lines to ,ive, ,rom seven lines to ,our etc, +it) altoget)er B companies re/ucing t)e space allocate/ to t)is topic& 7n a//ition, ; companies )ave omitte( references to the n m$er of civilians 2ille( $y the Japanese army an( to "Gro p " ici(es"& -2inawa 7attle )a/ 1ille/ approx& "##,### (apanese sol/iers 3inclu/ing local O1ina+a conscripts4, ";,### US sol/iers, an/ "##,### < "$#,### O1ina+ans civilians& A-out ">! o, t)e population o, islan/ +ere 1ille/& 8otal /eat) in t)e 7attle of -2inawa is more t)an t)e /tomic 7om$s of Nagasa2i an( Hiroshima com-ine/& An military or/er +as also issue/ -y t)e (apanese comman/er o, t)e !;n/ Army Hea/*uarters: =Only stan/ar/ (apanese is to -e spo1en& /nyone spea2ing the ;?B

-2inawan (ialect is to $e e,ec te( as a spy&= 8)e O1ina+an culture +ere oppresse/ an/ people +ere ,orce/ into t)e +ar -y (apan& (apanese )istorian 7s)i)ara Masaie )as pointe/ out t)e ,ollo+ing ,actors contri-uting to t)e n s al high -2inawa civilian (eaths $y Japanese /rmy @
o o

O1ina+a civilians +ere torture/ an/ 2ille( as spies $y Japanese& O1ina+a civilians +ere ,orce/ or -rain<+as)e/ into "Gro p " ici(es" 3s)]/an ji1etsu4& (apanese -rain<+as)e/ O1ina+ans into -eliving t)at t)ey +oul/ -e torture/, rape/ an/ 1ille/ i, ,all into t)e )an/s o, enemy, ironically , witho t telling that Japanese themselves act ally were the ones who ha( committe( n mero s atrocio s Massacres) $r tal Mass Rapes in .)ina an/ Asia& ='or a long time, t)e (apanese 7mperial Army announce/ t)at, on ot)er islan/s, t)e +omen )a/ -een rape/ an/ 1ille/, an/ t)e men +ere tie/ at t)e +rists an/ tan1s +ere /riven over t)em,= sai/ 8a1ejiro Na1amura, recalling )o+ )is ;#< year<ol/ sister panic1e/ at t)e approac) o, American sol/iers, =3 hear( my sister calling o t) 'Kill me now) h rry B',= Mr& Na1amura sai/, His mother too2 a rope an( strangle( her& 8)ey eit)er too1 t)eir o+n lives /irectly +it) t)e /istri-ute/ )an/ grena/es, cyani/e, jumpe/ o,, t)e " ici(e Cliff, or +ere 1ille/ -y ,amily mem-er, close relative or ,rien/ as part o, "Gro p " ici(es"& 7t +as ,or t)is reason (apanese )istorian 7enaga Sa-uro argue/ t)at the large n m$er of "Gro p " ici(es" sho l( also $e incl (e( in the n m$er of -2inawa civilians 2ille( $y the Japanese /rmy& 9injo S)igea1i, an O1ina+a -oy +)o )a/ just turne/ "% at +ar time, /escri-es a typical scene in t)e -oo1 "Japan at 'ar@ /n -ral History"& He /escri-e/ a man =)a/ t)at stic1 in )is )an/s, )e turne/ into a ma/man& Stri1ing )is +i,e an/ c)il/ren over an/ over again, -lu/geoning t)em to /eat)& 8)at +as t)e -eginning o, t)e trage/y 7 sa+& As i, -y a c)ain reaction, it sprea/ ,rom one ,amily to t)e next& We all must /ie t)at +ay& @veryone seeme/ to t)in1 so& People -egan to raise t)eir )an/s against t)eir love/ ones&&&&&&&= =My memory tells me t)e ,irst one +e lai/ )an/s on +as Mot)er& 8)ose +)o )a/ -la/es, or scyt)es, cut t)eir +rists or severe/ arteries in t)eir nec1s& 6e +e /i/n2t /o it t)at +ay& We mig)t )ave use/ a string& W)en +e raise/ our )an/s against t)e mot)er +)o -ore us, +e +aile/ in our grie,& 7 remem-er t)at& 7n t)e en/ +e must )ave use/ stones& 8o t)e )ea/& We too1 care o, mot)er t)at +ay& 8)en my -rot)er an/ 7 turne/ on our younger sister& Hell engul,e/ us t)ere&&&&&&&&= W)en t)e 7attle of -2inawa +as en/ing, no +on/er t)e surren/er o, large num-ers o, (apanese sol/iers +as so s)oc1ing to t)e O1ina+a civilians in /is-elie,&

o o

O1ina+a civilians +ere /riven out o, t)eir s)elters -y (apanese army& O1ina+a civilians +ere ro--e/ o, t)eir ,oo/ -y (apanese army& ;?$

o o

(apanese sol/iers poisone/, sta--e/, or strangle/ many small O1ina+a c)il/ren to /eat) to prevent t)eir noise o, alerting US ,orces to t)eir locations& Japanese sol(ier often pointe( rifle at -2inawan mother an( or(ere( her to 2ill her $a$y& O1ina+a civilians +ere ,orce/ evacuations to malaria<in,este/ areas -y (apanese& (apanese move/ t)eir military comman/ posts to areas occupie/ -y t)e O1ina+a civilian evacuees& =/t the han(s of Japanese sol(iers) civilians were massacre() force( to 2ill themselves an( each other,= rea/s t)e caption in t)e -2inawa 0refect ral 0eace Memorial M se m& A spotlig)t )ig)lig)ts a glinting -ayonet )el/ -y a ,ierce loo1ing (apanese sol/ier +)o stan/s over an O1ina+an ,amily )u//le/ in a cave, t)e mot)er trying to smot)er )er -a-y2s cries& (apanese sol/iers see1ing re,uge ,rom t)e naval s)elling ,orce/ civilians out o, limestone caves an/, /uring t)e ,ig)ting, out o, t)e islan/2s turtle<-ac1 s)ape/ tom-s, accor/ing to t)e museum captions&

$& 8)ere are /eli-erate revisions o, terminology, suc) as "a(vance" Cshinshits D instea( of "invasion"& %& 8)e reality o, colonial /omination is treate/ in vague terms, an/ re,erences to aggression in Asia are greatly re/uce/& A,ter +atc)ing an une/ite/ ,ootage o, t)e 7attle of -2inawa ,rom t)e National Arc)ives in Was)ington in Ha+aii, one el/erly +oman tol/ 'umi1o Na1amura, a ?"<year<ol/ ,ormer pu-lic sc)ool teac)er t)at s)e )a/ -een reluctant to see a =(ap movie= a-out t)e +ar& 6ut a,ter Seeing t)e su,,ering o, O1ina+ans, )o+ever, s)e )a/ c)ange/ )er min/& = 1o sho l( show this all over the worl(,= s)e sai/&

*oes Japan *eserve 0ermanent Mem$ership on %&N& "ec rity Co ncil +

8)e Asia2s strong reactions, i&e& large scale o, protests against (apan an/ millions signe/ t)e online petition to U&N&, ,rom t)e people o, Asia, especially ,rom .)ina an/ S&9orea, )ave s)o+n t)at even t)oug) t)e +ar en/e/ in Asia %# years ago, t)e -itter issue o, (apanese War .rimes committe/ -e,ore an/ /uring t)at +ar )as clearly not -een resolve/& =Japanese people an( the Japanese Me(ia tal2 only a$o t the reaction of the Koreans an( Chinese,= sai/ 8a1esato Watana-e, pro,essor o, me/ia et)ics at Dos)is)a University in 9yoto an/ visiting sc)olar at Harvar/ University, aut)or o, -oo1 title/ =/ 0 $lic 7etraye(= to expose +)at )e calle/ t)e =Japanese Me(ia /trocities= o, /eceptions, lies, an/ a-uses o, m/eia po+er in (apan& ='e nee( the historical facts a$o t how these iss es are $orn in the first place if we are ever going to settle anything peacef lly in /sia=, sai/ pro,essor 8a1esato Watana-e& ;?%

8)e 8ext-oo1 +as ,irst approve/ -y (apanese Dovernment screening panel G years ago an( ha( alrea(y ca se( e,tensive o tcry in ?::5 ,rom neig)-ouring WW77 vicitimi5e/ countries& China con(emne( Japan 'a$s r(' rewrite of ''33 in ?::5& (apanese e/ucation ministry sai/ "! c)anges )a/ -een ma/e a,ter wi(esprea( protests from Korea an( China in ?::5& *ec& ?::: /ppeal $y Japanese Historians an( History ;( cators ! 'e cannot entr st History ;( cation to a #e,t$oo2 that (istorts History& History #e,t$oo2s@ for whom an( for what p rpose + 8)oug) given a+ay ,or ,ree, t)e Dovernment approve/ nationalist Ne+ History 8ext-oo1 is use/ only -y ": junior )ig) sc)ools& 6ut it )as cause/ outrages an/ -een /enounce/ -y many (apanese conscientious e/ucators an/ li-erals in (apan& 7t also un/erscores a /istur-ing -roa/er tren/ in recent years& Japan's largest national newspaper 1omi ri "him$ n has calle( on its rea(ers to cele$rate the new #e,t$oo2s o, cutting out all mentions a-out t)e Sex Slaves& = /ll history te,t$oo2s are shifting their foc s away from Japan's wartime atrocities,= sai/ Mi1io Someya, spo1esman ,or (apan 8eac)ers2 Association, t)e lea/ing teac)ers2 union in (apan& =8)ey are approve( $eca se their contents reflect the views of the government an( conservative r ling party mem$ers&= sai/ 0os)i,umi 8a+ara, +)o )ea/s Chil(ren an( #e,t$oo2s Japan Networ2 ?5& 8)e ?::4 revise( e(ition of Japanese History te,t$oo2 (istorts even more t)an t)e ?::5 ;(ition: excises all mention o, Sex Slaves, portraying (apan as more victim t)an aggressorE claims (apan )a/ =no c)oice= -ut to occupy t)e 9oreaE #he new te,t$oo2 I estions Nan>ing Massacre an( says China provo2e( war : /o+nplaying =?5 H miliating *eman(s=& Alt)oug) still su,,ering as a Western colonial victim, ( ring '&'&3) China sent A6)::: la$orers to help allies an( wor2e( in the trenches& ?)::: ha( (ie( there& At en/ o, W&W&7 at t)e peace con,erence in Paris, .)ina re*ueste/: /o a+ay +it) t)e privileges o, imperialist ,oreign countries in .)ina, cancel t)e (apanese =?5 H miliating *eman(s=, ta1e -ac1 t)e privileges in S)an/ong t)at (apan )a/ ta1en ,rom Dermany& Ho+ever, not +illing to give up t)eir ,orce/ colonial privileges in .)ina, t)e U&S&, 6ritain an/ 'rance rejecte/ .)ina2s /eman/s& 7nstea/, /rticle 546 of #reaty of Versailles transferre( German concessions in "han(ong) China to Japan rather than ret rning sovereign a thority to China& .)ina re,use/ to sign t)e #reaty of Versailles, compoun/e/ +it) t)e (apanese ?5 H miliating *eman(s le/ /irectly to t)e ,irst mass movement in mo/ern .)inese )istory, ;?

i&e& t)e ,amous .irst Chinese niversity st (ent movement @ May Gth Movement in 6eijing in "?"? an/ triggere/ a nation+i/e 7oycott of Japanese Goo(s& 8)e movement also ignite/ a +ave o, searc)ing e,,orts -y t)e intellectuals ,or a solution to save .)ina ,rom ,oreign colonial po+ers, i&e& GE ! Cana(a Q / stria& Some a/vocate/ gra/ual cultural re,orm, +)ile ot)ers intro/uce/ Marxism an/ le/ to t)e -irt) o, t)e Chinese Comm nist 0arty& "$ (apanese civic groups issue/ a statement, = #he '(angero s' contents filling the #e,t$oo2 as a whole have not change( in any essential way& #here are even parts that have $een revise( for the worse&=, /o+n playing Nanjing Massacre, ignoring Sex Slaves, /epicting (apan as aime/ at li-erating ot)er Asian countries& 8)e 8ext-oo1 )as -een a -ig pro-lem in (apan since en/ o, +ar, 9? 1ears History #e,t$oo2 <egal 7attle ,or /etails& Cecently, Japanese civic gro ps ran an a(vertisement in the 1omi ri "him$ n calling on people to re>ect the new te,t$oo2s 8)e Coot cause o, t)e -itterness is NO8 t)e History 8ext-oo1 or t)e -i//ing o, U&N& Security .ouncil +)ic) are only t)e triggering ,actors& 8)e Real Root Ca se is t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity& 7t is also t)e Real "ol tion ,or t)e people in Asia -ecause 'itho t the Cover! p) Japan will have to Nat rally an( 'illingly follow the great e,ample set $y the co rageo s Germany& W@' ,oun/er an/ executive c)airman 9laus Sc)+a- +arne/ Asia o, t)e Ris2 of %n! *igeste( History, = Coming from ; rope where a reconciliation process has ta2en place) we have to(ay a clear "; ropean 3(entity=, parallel to our National 7/entity& 8)is )as not )appene/ )ere in t)is region& We spea1 a lot a-out Asia, -ut where is the "/sian 3(entity" + 8)e =Asian 7/entity= coul/ only -e ac)ieve/ t)roug) t)e only pat) availa-le, i&e& t)roug) truly sincere apology, compensation, an/ ,orgiveness& Only t)en, t)e people o, Asia can truly live peace,ully an/ )armoniously toget)er, an/ only t)en t)eir Asian /ream o, an Union similar to t)e ; ropean %nion C;%D coul/ -e reali5e/ in t)e ,uture& 'rom )istory, +e 1no+ t)at Militarism is e,treme "tate!#errorism& 7ronically, (apanese War .rimes cover<up is, in ,act, a Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"& against H manity !! an %&"& "'ith!%s or /gainst!%s" moc2ery to its own war against #errorism& 'umi1o Na1amura, a ?"<year<ol/ ,ormer pu-lic sc)ool teac)er, can2t s)a1e t)e pro,oun/ remorse s)e ,eels& Ms& Na1amura use/ to ex)ort )er stu/ents to ,ig)t ,or t)e @mperor& S)e is ;?:

/eeply as)ame/ o, )er involvement in t)e +ar& = 3 will carry this sin as long as 3 live,= s)e says& As (apan expan/s its military roles a-roa/, )er voice )as gro+n lou/er& No+ t)at some (apanese lea/ers +ant to turn t)e =Sel,<De,ense 'orces= into 'ull<'le/ge/ Military, A5!years! ol( woman has $ecome more vocal than ever& "3 see certain parallels $etween present sit ations in Japan an( in the pre!war perio(,= s)e +arns& Noria1i 9amiya, a )ig) sc)ool social stu/ies teac)er in Nagoya& Cat)er t)an )i/ing )is ,amily )istory, 9amiya tal1e/ a-out it in )is classroom an/ aroun/ (apan& At ,irst )e re,erre/ to )is ,at)er o-li*uely, as an =ac*uaintance&= 6ut in "??$, a young Diet mem-er /eclare/ t)at )er generation -ore no responsi-ility ,or +artime atrocities, an/ )e sees +orrying signs o, a revival o, t)e same 1in/ o, nationalistic t)in1ing& So )e -egan spea1ing openly& = Japan has emphasize( the part of Japanese as victims) s ch as in Hiroshima& 7 t it hasn't to che( the shamef l parts&= sai/ 9amiya& 8)e Asia Peace Alliance o, (apan in (apan +)ic) )as support ,rom %B organi5ations +arne/ t)at nationalism is on t)e rise an/ more s)oul/ -e /one to prevent t)e younger generation ,rom t)in1ing t)at (apanese militarism is t)e +ay to go& =@veryt)ing 7 )ear t)ese /ays ma1es me really upset,= sai/ Sunao 8su-oi, no+ :# +as a university stu/ent +)en t)e -om- explo/e/ over Hiros)ima& =3 get a strong feeling that Japan is leaning to the right) that we're going (own a roa( that we've $een (own $efore,= His ,ace still visi-ly scarre/ ,rom t)e atomic -urns an/ is +orrie/ (apan may again -e )ea/e/ /o+n t)e pat) o, militarism& 9in)i/e Mus)a1oji, Pro,essor o, Osa1a University o, @conomics an/ Aa+, sai/: =No+ +e2re part o, t)e +est an/ militarizing in s pport of the /merican government& 0eople thin2 it's right) #hat's what's really the pro$lem 3'm concerne( a$o t&= 7n (un ;##%, even the Japanese ;mperor /2ihito also gave warning against a c rrent Japan's ret rn to the right!wing violence an( militarist oppression& Japan's "0eace Constit tion /rticle A"prohi$its Japan from having an army& So, instea/ o, an army, (apan calls it "elf!*efense .orce C"*.D& /s clearly in(icate( $y its name) Japan is for$i((en $y the constit tion to resort to military action nless attac2e(& Ho+ever, enco rage( $y %") Japanese "elf!*efense .orce is now the $est eI ippe( an( most mo(ern army in /sia& Accor/ing to "toc2holm 3nternational 0eace Research 3nstit te 3S7PC74, Japan military spen(ing in ?::9 was %"H G6&A $illion) the ?n( largest

;??

in the worl(, even outstrips 6ritain2s in total spen/ing an/ manpo+er& 7ts navy is pro-a-ly t)e ;n/ largest in t)e Paci,ic& Japan now inches towar( a f ll!fle(ge( military& A -ill to revise t)e De,ense Agency @sta-lis)ment Aa+ +ill -e enacte/ soon& 8)e agency +ill o,,icially -ecome t)e De,ense Ministry in (anuary, t)e ,irst time t)e name o, t)e agency )as -een c)ange/ in its $!<year )istory& Japan has a$o t ?G:)::: "*. troops an( one of the worl('s $iggest (efense e,pen(it res& Japanese governments have e,plaine( away the contra(iction $y claiming that "*. is not a military $ t a 2in( of police force& Anot)er -ill aime/ at instilling patriotism among stu/ents at sc)ool, is also expecte/ to -e enacte/ soon& 7t +ill -e t)e ,irst revision o, t)e -asic e/ucation la+ since it too1 e,,ect in "?B & 8a1ing a/vantage o, US +ar against 8errorism, ironically) instea( of self!(efense) Japan (ispatche( its "elf!*efence warships for the .3R"# #3M; in the postwar perio( to /fghanistanL an( then sent its "elf!*efence troops to com$at zone for the .3R"# #3M; to 3raI) to )elp ,ig)ting 8errorism& 3t is a speechless moc2ery to its own Cover! p of e,treme "tate!#errorism committe( ( ring 5G years atrocio s ''33& 6ac1e/ an/ Covere(!%p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"&, (apan is no+ see2ing its ltimate seal of legitimacy for its c rrent res rgence of Militarism @ a permanent seat on the %&N& "ec rity Co ncil& 7n Aug ;##B %&"& "ecretary of "tate Colin 0owell an( his (ep ty Richar( /rmitage) have $oth reiterate( %&"& s pport for Japan's eager I est for permanent %N "ec rity Co ncil mem$ership an( rge( Japan to revise war reno ncing /rticle A of its Constit tion i, it +ants to -ecome a permanent U&N& Security .ouncil mem-er& (apan sai/ it )as -een t)e secon/ largest contri-utor to t)e UN an/ is involve/ in peace1eeping operations& Ho+ever, %&N& mem$ers' contri$ tions are in line with assessments $ase( on their relative "Capacity #o 0ay" +it) a ceiling set at ;;P < t)e rate at +)ic) t)e US is assesse/& Next come Japan C5A&G8D) Germany CE&66D) 7ritain C6&5?D) .rance C6&:9D) China C?&:49D an( R ssia C5&5DP& 8)e %&N& is N-# a $oar( of (irectors an/ cannot /eci/e its Security .ouncil permanent mem-ers)ip accor/ing to t)e mem-er2s ,inancial contri-ution& 8)e %&N& Charter has a special stip lation a$o t the ''33 /,is enemies o, t)e Allie/ nations an/ Japan has N;V;R offere( any government official apology that is formally an( officially approve( $y Japanese 0arliament as a "#r e <egal National /pology" using t)e more sincere (apanese +or/ = shazai =, NO8 t)e muc) less sincere (apanese !##

+or/ =owa$i= ,or its unspea1a-le )orri,ic War .rimes, an/ ta1es ,ull legal an/ moral responsi-ilities& 8suneo Watana-e, (apanese Me/ia tycoon, c)ie, e/itor o, (apan2s largest /aily ne+spaper 0omiuri S)im-un +ell 1no+n ,or its conservative stance, no+ calls for clearer war apology $y Japanese premiers, =3t wo l( $e $est for 0arliament to set p a stan(ing committee on war responsi$ility an( e,press its position=& Japanese former 0M M rayama ha( trie( very har( for the official apology) $ t faile( misera$ly to ac)ieve it in t)e = No 'ar Resol tion= ,or t)e $#t) anniversary o, U&N& an/ @n/ t)e War in "??$& #hat was e,actly why M rayama co l( only offer his 0ersonal /pology in 5AA4 an( repeate(ly se( the wor(s "3") "me") an( "my"& 'urt)ermore, M rayama only se( the m ch less sincere Japanese wor( "-wa$i", NO8 =shazai = in )is personal apology& 0rofessor 1oshimi 1oshia2i of Mo(ern Japanese History at Ch o %niversity in #o2yo) e,plaine( that "-wa$i" is only "slightly more weighty than an Ue,c se meM offere( when one $ mps sho l(ers with someone on the s $way&= 7ritish veterans acc se( M rayama "f (ging the iss e $y ma2ing the apology a 0ersonal one" & / stralia's reponse@ "comprehensive" $ t "more 0ersonal = not representative"& Many of to(ay's contemporary Japanese lea(ers) in $ig $ siness) the $ rea cracy) an( the <*0 are the *3R;C# inheritors of power from Japanese Militarists& #o a(mit an( confess the Japanese 'ar Crimes wo l( $e to a(mit to the "Moral 7an2r ptcy" of the 0re!'ar) 'ar!time an( 0ost!'ar Japanese Government& No$ s 2e Kishi +)o oversaw the "lave la$or program as minister of commerce an( in( stry ( ring the war) was imprisone( as a Class!/ 'ar Criminal s spect an( later $ecame Japanese prime minister in 5A48) an( was also the fo n(ing father of the c rrent (ominate( <*0 0arty& His gran/son, /$e "hinzo) is now consi(ere( the front r nner to replace Koiz mi as 0M later t)is year& A-e is t)e son o, ,ormer ,oreign minister S)intaro A-e +)o +as implicate/ in t)e Cecruit insi/er tra/ing an/ -ig corruption scan/al in "?:#s& (apanese current 'oreign Minister 8aro Aso, anot)er ,ront runner to replace 9oi5umi, )as a /irect lin1 to family's mining company se( tho san(s of Koreans an( 0o's as "laves& 8aro /so himself ran the firm from 5A89!8A) has never ac2nowle(ge( his family company's enslavement& 7n Dermany, ,amily lin1s alone /o not /is*uali,y citi5ens ,rom pu-lic o,,ice& 6ut t)ey are expecte/ to s)o+ atonement or ma1e amen/s& 7eca se of Japanese c rrent foreign minister's (eclare( views) /so wo l( not $e a(mitte( to any government in Germany, a Derman em-assy o,,icial in 8o1yo says& !#"

#his is the e,act reason why the Japanese government has faile( so far to pass an *iet resol tion to offer an official apology& Apology is a sign o, maturity& "ho l( we apologise for the $ehavio r of previo s generations + Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er sai/, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& 7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& 'itho t an act of the Japanese 0arliament) N- apology is lawf l representative of the Japanese Government) or the 0eople of Japan& 8)at is exactly +)y Japan has $een offering 0ersonal /pology for several (eca(es) a$o t G: times -ut NO one -elieves t)at (apan is sincere -ecause o, its contrary actions an/ statements& S)inic)i Arai, pro,essor emeritus at Suruga/ai University, sai/: =Mr& 9oi5umi is -ringing out /n -<* /pology that has $een repeate( many times over the past 5: years &&&&& #he pro$lem is that only the wor(s were repeate() $ t Japan has never (one anything to prove it really regrette( its past&= Koiz mi has reiterate( his personal "(eep remorse" over its colonial aggression in /sia at t)e Asia<A,rica summit in Apr& ;##$& 6ut )is personal apology +as NO8 en/orse/ -y (apanese Parliament, only -ase/ on speec) ma/e -y ,ormer PM 8omiic)i Murayama in "??$& 7t +as (is!cre(ite( imme(iately $y E: Japanese mem$ers of 0arliament visite( 1as 2 ni "hrine most o, t)em ,rom 9oi5umi2s o+n ADP party& M0s n(ermine Japanese apology& 8o t)e a,,licte/ countries, 9oi5umi2s latest apology is t)e "/M; as all previo s apologies !! "0 rely 0ersonal"& 3t is inten(e( to mollify or worse ) .--< the /sian p $lic) 'estern me(ia an( 'estern politicians& Japan's n mero s wea2 personal apologies appear so appalling in comparison +it) t)e German's historic th n(ering silent apology which was the most powerf l wor(s ever spo2en for the worl( peace an( reconciliation& !#;

Willy 6ran/t2s ne+ Ostpoliti1, on /ealing +it) Dermany2s )istory in a serious +ay )a/ earne/ 6ran/t t)e 0eace No$el 0rice in "? "& "ym$olically) one in(ivi( al German 2nelt (own) h m$ly & "pirit ally) whole German nation stoo( p again) hono ra$ly& 3n a star2 contrast) sym$olically) one in(ivi( al Japanese stoo( there worshipping) st $$ornly & "pirit ally) whole Japanese nation 2nelt (own) shamef lly& 7, (apan +ants to play a larger political role in t)e +orl/, (apan must settle its past& Japan now faces a star2 choice @ Accepting legal an/ moral responsi-ilities ,or its crimes inclu/ing a legal o-ligation to i/enti,y an/ prosecute surviving criminals or continuing to avoi/ t)e legal an/ moral responsi-ilities, +)ic) violate international la+ as +ell as (apan2s international treaty o-ligations& .or %") China is the only co ntry that has high potential to threaten %" glo$al (ominance in t)e ;"st century& .or Japan) China n(ermines #o2yo as the lea(ing power in the region& 8o cope +it) t)is =China #hreat=, 8o1yo is a/opting a more muscular military posture, one t)at causes alarm to its WW77 victimi5e/ neig)-ors& Since t)e en/ o, t)e .ol/ War in "??", U&S& )as repeate/ly pressure/ (apan to revise Article ? o, its constitution& 7n ,act, %&"& has $een (oing everything in its power to enco rage an( even accelerate Japanese rearmament& Un/er t)e Cover! p of "tate!#errorism $y %" against H manity, (apanese government +it) its economic po+er, is a-le to +age a sop)isticate/ propagan/a a,ter t)e WW77 : Japan portraye( itself as an /tomic Victim rather than a colonial /trocio s 'ar Criminal& 7an 6uruma, aut)or o, =#he 'ages of G ilt= resents t)e Japan's transformation of Hiroshima into a mecca of "Japanese Victim!hoo("& Many o, (apanese attitu/es to+ar/s t)e atomic -om- on Hiros)ima are so extreme as to -e lu/icrous& He /ismisses t)em an/ +rote: = /gain) s ch opinions are e,treme& 7 t) > (ging from what appears in Japanese perio(icals an( on $est!seller lists) not that far from the mainstream=& 8)ere are more t)an A:: ltra nationalist gro ps in Japan& #hey are well organise( an( well connecte( with ties to the r ling <*0& Unli1e in Derman +)ere t)e ultra nationalists -asically are out o, t)e mainstream political /e-ate& 3n Japan) they are part of the mainstream&

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Rightist threats raise fears in Japan& =Speec) an/ journalism in t)is country are ,acing an extremely /i,,icult situation,= Masato 9itamura, c)airman o, t)e (apan Ne+spaper Pu-lis)ers H @/itors Association, tol/ t)e group2s annual meeting recently& Japan's estimate( 5:)::: ltra!rightists) have $ecome increasingly violent in recent years, t)e National Police Agency sai/ in its annual report last year& W)en ruling party la+ma1er 9oic)i 9ato critici5e/ a prime minister2s trip to 0asu1uni S)rine, retri-ution ,rom (apan2s rig)t<+ing +as s+i,t: An extremist set )is )ouse on ,ire& =Many people are no+ 1eeping t)eir mont)s s)ut& Parliament is not an exception&= sai/ 9ato& A,ter t)e +ar an/ Covere(!%p of "tate!#errorism $y %&"&, U&S& grante/ immunity to t)e @mperor Hiro)ito& 6ut many insist )e +as intimately involve/ in t)e planning an/ s)oul/ -e ultimately responsi-le ,or (apan2s in)uman -rutal past& 8)at +as +)y a,ter )is /eat) in "?:?, )is -irt)/ay +as only mar1e/ as an am-iguous )oli/ay calle/ =Dreenery Day=, an o-li*ue re,erence to )is passion ,or plants& 8)e -oo1 =Hirohito an( the Ma2ing of Mo(ern Japan= -y Her-ert P& 6ix, a )istorian +)o teac)es at Hitotsu-as)i University in 8o1yo, reveals information on the (egree to which the %&"& government systematically (eceive( the whole worl(& @vi/ences s)o+ t)at senior ai/es to Den& Douglas MacArt)ur an/ (apanese court o,,icials sc)eme/ to ,ix testimony at t)e 8o1yo War .rimes 8rials so as not to implicate Hiro)ito& %sing official recor(s that will $e (iffic lt for the ;mperor's apologists to ref te, 6ix s)o+s Hiro)ito as comman/er in c)ie, o, t)e 7mperial military, +as /eeply involve/ in t)e /ay to /ay management o, (apan2s military aggression an/ 1ne+ all t)e +ar crimes in .)ina, an/ involve/ /eeply in early strategic /ecisions as (apan2s army marc)e/ t)roug) .)ina, approve/ an alliance +it) Hitler an/ Mussolini, an/ t)e plan to attac1 0earl Har$or& #o reassess the ;mperor's new clothes) "#he Hirohito (iaries sho l( $e ma(e p $lic,= says Diet mem-er 8aro 9ono& ='hy) in this) the 6:th /nniversary of the ;n( of 'ar) (o we have to create a "howa *ay += Seiji Mataic)i, (apanese upper )ouse la+ma1er +)o oppose/ t)e -ill as1e/& Wartime @mporer Hirohito's /pr ?A $irth(ay) the am$ig o s "Greenery *ay" a national holi(ay will $e rename( as the ""howa *ay" that will e,plicitly glorify Japan's $r tal militaristic past&

3t is a speechless irony to the whole /sia @ the name of Hirohito's reign ""howa is originate( from ""h Jing 0eace"& " ) a Chinese Classic ) which means ";nlightene(

"

!#B

7n late "?t) century, in or/er to /istinguis) t)emsel, ,rom t)e ot)er minority et)nic groups, again following Chinese way sing an era name) the Japanese call themself the "1amato people " which means ) ironically ) "#he Great 0eacef l Race"& 8)e name comes ,rom 1amato 0erio(&

Remorseless Japan) assiste( $y %&"&) has committe( the "?n( Rape of Nan>ing !! Rape of History" ) has committe( the "?n( Nan>ing Massacre !! Massacre the Massacre" ) has committe( the "?n( /sian Holoca st !! Holoca st the Holoca st=& Denial an/ .over<up +ill not ma1e t)e past go a+ay& Only -y ,acing t)e 8rut) o, History +it) courage as Dermany, can (apan -ring t)e +oun/s o, +ar to a ,inal closure& Ma1oto 8ana-e, a Social Democrat in t)e (apanese Parliament, commente/ on t)e re/ress : =/ compensation witho t apology is n!ethical& /n apology witho t compensation is mere hypocrisy&= 6ut so ,ar, Japan has ref se( to (o either to restore its o+n /ignity an/ )onor& Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er sai/, =#he vast ma>ority of Germans alive to(ay are N-# to $lame for the Holoca st) $ t they *- $ear a ""pecial Responsi$ility"& 7eca se to(ay's prosperity of /<< 'estern colonial rich co ntries incl (ing Japan) is really $ ilt pon the Criminal ;nrichment fo n(ation of their long $r tal colonial crimes& Derman .)ancellor pai/ tri-ute at t)e entrance to Ausc)+it5an/ an/ promise/ t)at Germany will f lfill its "Moral -$ligation" to 2eep alive the memory of Nazi's crimes& Dermany le/ a commemoration o, %#t) anniversary o, t)e li-eration o, Na5is2 6uc)en+al/ Deat) .amp& ='e cannot change History) $ t this co ntry can learn a lot from the (eepest shame of o r History,= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er rge( the worl( never to forget the horrors perpetrate( $y the Nazis, =7 -o+ -e,ore you, t)e victims an/ t)eir ,amilies&= On Mar "%, ;##$ Derman 'oreign Minister gave a speec) ,or t)e =Remem$ering the 0ast) "haping the . t re= session an/ calls t)e (erusalem2s ne+ Holocaust memorial =/ place of '*eep "hame' for every German) $eca se the name of my co ntry) Germany) is an( will forever $e insepara$ly lin2e( to the "hoah) the ltimate crime against H manity&= !#$

Spea1ing to a special joint sitting o, parliament mar1ing t)e %# anniversary o, t)e en/ o, t)e +ar, Mr 9W)ler sai/: =We )ave t)e Responsi$ility to 2eep alive the memories of all the s ffering &&&& 'e Germans loo2 $ac2 with horror an( shame &&&&& = 7n a speec) to 7srael2s Parliament in ;###, Dermany2s Presi/ent (o)annes Cau ma/e an emotional plea ,or ,orgiveness ,or t)e Holocaust& He -ecame t)e ,irst Derman lea/er to a//ress t)e 7sraeli parliament, ='ith the people of 3srael watching) 3 $ow in h mility $efore those m r(ere() $efore those who (on't have graves where 3 co l( as2 them for forgiveness,= sai/ Cau, = 3 am as2ing for forgiveness for what Germans have (one) for myself an( my generation) for the sa2e of o r chil(ren an( chil(ren's chil(ren&= Derman .)ancellor Der)ar/ Sc)rW/er implie/: Japan Can <earn .rom Germany saying post+ar 6erlin )a/ +on t)e respect o, its neig)-ors in )o+ it conten/e/ +it) its Na5i past& Ho+ever, atten/ing t)e %#t) anniversary o, @n/ o, War an/ in star1 contrast to an earnest apology -y Derman lea/er Der)ar/ Sc)roe/er, at a press con,erence in Mosco+, Koiz mi sai( @ Japan has (one eno gh ""elf!;,amination=& 7n star1 contrast +it) very active Dermany2s Sc)roe/er participating in G<%# cele-rations in @urope, (apan2s 9oi5umi +as NO8 invite/ to participate in any o, its neig)-or2s Asian G<%# cele-rations in ;##$& 'hy Japanese wartime /pologies .ail ! / German 0erspective& German e,pert@ Japan nee(s to la nch self!critical (e$ate on History sai/ @-er)ar/ San/sc)nei/er, Director o, t)e Cesearc) 7nstitute o, t)e Derman .ouncil on 'oreign Celations& Me(ia 3ntim(ation in Japan ! / Close ;nco nter with Har( Japanese Nationalism & "ilence( Voices@ #he Japanese Me(ia) the Comfort 'omen #ri$ nal) an( the NHK /ffair& Japan fin(s itself staring at the 0ast as it loo2s into the . t re& Germany has s ccessf lly earne( $ac2 high respect of the worl(& Japan m st have the co rage to (o the same an( earn $ac2 the respect of the worl(& !#%

.or most Japanese) the co rageo s I estion is still ha nting @ 'hat (i( yo (o in the 'ar) *a((y +& 8o ,orget t)e past is to -e -lin/ to t)e present& As Deorge Santayana sai/, =8)ose +)o ,orget t)eir )istory are /estine/ to re<live it&= (apanese veterans, +ar +i/o+s, ,amilies o, t)ose 1ille/ in action, civilians employe/ -y t)e military, an/ citi5ens mo-ili5e/ ,or t)e +ar, all receive generous -ene,its ,rom (apanese government un/er t)e entitlement program& 7n "?$B, (apanese government even revise/ t)e Pensions Aa+ to assist War .riminals ,or t)eir pensions an/ compensation& Japanese 'ar Criminals receive( f ll military pensions an( $enefits from Japanese government) 7 t millions of their victims an( families s ffere() an( contin e to s ffer in poverty) shame) chronic physical an( mental pain) 'M* *eath #oll an( 'M* 3n> ries incl (ing Chil(ren contin e to rise ( e to Japanese a$an(on(e( 'M* weapons to this (ay &&&&&&&&& Japan is now see2ing its ltimate seal of legitimacy for its c rrent res rgence of Militarism @ a permanent seat on the %&N& "ec rity Co ncil& Japan with a history of aggression) crimes against H manity) with N- signs of remorse) is ntr stworthy to $e a permanent mem$er on the %N "ec rity Co ncil& 7t is sai/ t)at +)o )as t)e courage to remem-er t)e past, s)all ,in/ an )onora-le ,uture& Until a,ter a truly sincere Soul<searc)ing, Japan remains as the most (is!honora$le nation on ;arth !! carrying a "$ r(en of the "o l on f t re generations of o r nation) possi$ly for the ne,t h n(re(s of years&" .or (etails) refer to following sites @

Resol tion 5?5 "e, "lavery ! "tatement of Michael Hon(a Resol tion 84A calls on Japan to accept responsi$ility for "e, "lavery Resol tion 9E? con(emning Japan for its atrocities in ''33 Resol tion "&5A:? ! *isclos re act of Japanese war crime (oc ments ;n(orsement <etter for "&5A:? !#

/ssem$ly Joint Resol tion ?8 ! Has > stice $een serve( + "enate Resol tion 58G Resol tion No& 8 Resol tion HCR 5?6 con(emning Japan for its atrocities in ''33 Resol tion H&R& 55AE ! #he > stice for %" 0o's act of ?::5 "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty ! / J st 0eace + in Historical 0erspective "an .rancisco 0eace #reaty ! Has J stice 7een "erve( an( 0eace "ec re( + Recovering Japan's 'ar #ime 0ast O /n( - rs 0reventing Crimes /gainst H manity@ <essons from the /sia 0acific 'ar C5A95!5AG4D March ?5!??) ?::9 %niv& of 7ritish Col m$ia) Vanco ver 4: 1ears of *enial@ Japan an( 3ts 'artime Responsi$ilities /n 3nternational Conference "an .rancisco) California "ept& 6!A) ?::5 3nternational Conference on Japanese Crimes /gainst H manity "e, al "lavery an( .orce( <a$or <os /ngels) Nov& ?A!9:) ?::5 'omen's 3nternational 'ar Crimes #ri$ nal Japan's Military "e, al "lavery #o2yo *ec& E ! 5?th ?::: 3nternational Citizens' .or m 'ar Crimes an( Re(ress "ee2ing Reconciliation = 0eace for the ?5st Cent ry #o2yo) *ec&5:th ! 5?th 5AAA 3nternational <aw "ymposi m Japan an( ''33@ #he "earch for J stice 5? to G@::0M) Nov& ?5) 5AAA 0rinceton Conference Nov& 5A ! Nov& ?5) 5AA8 3nternational Conference on Japanese Responsi$ility of ''33 /trocities *ec& 6 ! *ec& E) 5AA6 "tatement on the "Comfort 'omen" <etter to 0rime Minister of Japan #he 9? years "chool History #e,t$oo2 <aws it C.C3R <etter to 0resi(ent Clinton .lorin Japanese /merican Citizens <eag e CJ/C<D Resol tion Japanese /merican Citizens <eag e NC'N0* CNorthern California!'est Neva(a!0acific *istrictD Resol tion Japan's 7iological 'eapons@ 5A9:!5AG4 / Hi((en Chapter in History / 0reliminary Review of "t (ies of Japanese 7iological 'arfare %nit 895 Japanese 7iome(ical ;,perimentation ( ring ''33 CR" Report for Congress) 3ss e of Compensation $y Japan Japanese 0rime Minister M rayama's 0ersonal /pology in 5AA4 /lliance for 0reserving the #r th of "ino!Japanese 'ar #he Center for 3nternee Rights Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nan>ing Massacre #he Nan2ing /trocities #he Rape of Nan2ing@ /n %n(enia$le History in 0hotographs Cana(a /ssociation for <earning = 0reserving the History of ''33 in /sia CCana(a /<0H/D !#:

#he "ociety to " pport the *eman(s of Chinese 'ar Victims C" opeiD Rethin2ing Japan's 0ostwar Compensation@ Voices of Victims Japan 3mperialism an( the Massacre in Nan>ing J'RC ! Japan's 'ar Responsi$ility Center Japan's 'ar Responsi$ility Vi2ing 0hoeni, 'e$page ! Japan's 'ar Crimes Japanese 'ar Crimes Vi2ing 0hoeni, 'e$page ! #he Comfort 'omen #he Comfort 'omen 0ro>ect Japanese 'ar Crimes 7iological 'eapons an( 'arfare / s" rvivalist ! 'M* Reso rces ;,hi$ition of the %nit 895 of Japanese Military %nit 895 ! / Half Cent ry of *enial Nan>ing Massacre Recor( #he ?n( "ino!Japanese 'ar) the 0acific 'ar 3ris Chang Memorial ;ssay Contest ! ?::6 Japanese Militarism = *iaoy tai C"en2a2 D 3slan( !! / Japanese Historian's View Clash -ver the *iaoy J"en2a2 3slan(s Japan hopes to grow coral aro n( (isp te( 0acific o tcrop *isp te@ Roc2 or 3slan( + #his article is a com$ine( contri$ tions from n mero s internet rea(ers li2e yo who want to preserve the #r th of History Copyrights N-# reserve( Comments) " ggestions or 3nformation) #han2s

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