Remote Sensing Laboratory

Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science

University of Trento
Via Sommarive, 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
Remote Sensing Laboratory
Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science
University of Trento
Via Sommarive, 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
Begm Demir
Digital Signal Processing
Lecture 2
Digital Signal Processing
Lecture 2
E-mail: demir@disi.unitn.it
Web page: http://rslab.disi.unitn.it
University of Trento, Italy
Discrete Time Signals
2 B. Demir 2
A discrete time signal is a sequence of numbers
The length N of the signal is the total number of samples in the sequence.
University of Trento, Italy
Operations on Sequences
3 B. Demir
Addition/Subtraction
x
3
[n]=x
1
[n]+x
2
[n] x
4
[n]=x
1
[n]-x
2
[n]
University of Trento, Italy
Operations on Sequences
4 B. Demir
Multiplication
How will you apply multiplication if the sizes are not the same?
x
5
[n]=x
1
[n]x
2
[n]
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Operations on Sequences
5 B. Demir
Multiplication & Addition with constants
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Operations on Sequences
6 B. Demir
Shifting y[n]=x[n-n
0
] If n
0
>0 time delay If n
0
<0 time advance
delay
advance
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Operations on Sequences
7 B. Demir
Time Reverse: y[n]= x[-n]
University of Trento, Italy 8 B. Demir
[ ] is given below. Estimate [2 ] and [ / 2] x n x n x n
Signal compression
Signal stretching
Operations on Sequences
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
y n x n
n
y n x

=
(
=
(

University of Trento, Italy 9 B. Demir
Linear Interpolation
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Elementary Digital Signals
10 B. Demir
Unit Impulse (Digital Impulse, Discrete Time Impulse):
1 0
[ ]
0 0
n
n
n

1
[ ]
0
n m
n m
n m

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Exercises
11 B. Demir
Write the signals given below in terms of
if [ ] ( ) ( 1) ( 2) 4 ( 3) 5 ( 4)
[ 2] ?
x n n n n n n
x n
= + + + +
+ =
[ ] n
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Elementary Digital Signals
12 B. Demir
Unit Step Sequence:
Unit Impulse and Unit Step Sequences are related as follows:
1 0
[ ]
0 0
n
u n
n

=

<

1 0
[ ]
0 0
n
u n
n

=

<

[ ] [ ] [ 1] n u n u n = [ ] [ ] [ 1] n u n u n =
0
[ ] ( )
k
u n n k

=
=

0
[ ] ( )
k
u n n k

=
=

University of Trento, Italy 13 B. Demir

Exercises
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Elementary Digital Signals
14 B. Demir
Real exponential sequence:
[ ]
n
x n a = [ ]
n
x n a =
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Elementary Digital Signals
15 B. Demir
Real exponential sequence:
( )
n
x n a = ( )
n
x n a =
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Elementary Digital Signals
16 B. Demir
Sinusoidal sequence:
[ ] cos( ) x n A n = + [ ] cos( ) x n A n = +
cos( )
2
sin( )
2
j n j n
j n j n
e e
n
e e
n
j


+
=

=
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Elementary Digital Signals
17 B. Demir
Complex exponential sequence:
[ ]
j n
x n e

= [ ]
j n
x n e

=
( )
1,
j
z re r n

= = =
( )
1,
j
z re r n

= = =
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Elementary Digital Signals
18 B. Demir
Complex exponential sequence:
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Properties of Sinusoidal/Complex Signals
19 B. Demir
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Properties of Sinusoidal Signals
20 B. Demir
[ ] ) cos( ) 2 ( cos n n r = +
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Periodicity of Discrete Time Signals
21 B. Demir
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Examples
22 B. Demir
[ ]
[ ]
4 / 7
Is cos periodic?
11
Is 5 periodic?
j n
x n n
x n e

| |
=
|
\
=
University of Trento, Italy
Examples
23 B. Demir
Let us assume that we have 3 sinusoidal signals x
1
[n], x
2
[n] and x
3
[n] that
are periodic with N
1
, N
2
and N
3
, respectively. The signal x
4
[n] given below
is periodic?
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ]
4 1 2 3
4
;
is periodic?
x n ax n bx n cx n
x n
= + +
4 1 2 3
( , , ) N LCM N N N =