CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF THERMODYNAMICS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prove that the volume of 1 mol of any gas at standard conditions, p = 14.

.7 psia, t = 60 F, is 379 cu. Ft. Find the volume of 1 mol air at a pressure of 14.1 psia and a temperature of 42 F. Find the gas constant and specific volume of methane, CH4 at standard conditions. Find the partial pressure of oxygen and nitrogen in atmospheric air, which contains by weight 23.1 per cent O2, 76.9 per cent N2. Find the gas constant of air with the data given in problem 4. Find the gas constant and specific heats cp and cv per pound at 100 F of a blast-furnace gas the volumetric analysis of which gave 3.0 per cent H2, 27.1 per cent CO, 0.72 per cent CH4, 0.38 per cent O2, 9.9 per cent CO2, and the balance N2. Find the gas constant and specific heats cp and cv per pound at 200 F of a natural gas which has the average composition, by volume, 84 per cent methane, 14 per cent ethane, and the balance nitrogen. Find the temperature and pressure at the end of a polytropic compression of 2 cu ft air under standard conditions compressed to one-fifth of its original volume. The value of the exponent n is 1.32. Find the work of compression and the heat rejected during the change of state given in problem 8. One pound of air at a pressure of 14.0 psia and a temperature of 115 F is compressed until its pressure is doubled. Determine the final temperatures and volumes for three processes: (a) adiabatic, (b) isothermal, and (c) isochoric. Fifty Btu of heat are added to a gas at a constant temperature of 600 F. How much of this heat is available with a refrigerator temperature of 68 F? Twenty Btu are added to 0.4 lb water, whose initial temperature was 70 F. How much of this heat is available if the refrigerator temperature is 55 F? A body H with a temperature of 1000 F, a mass of 5 lb, and a specific heat of 0.24 Btu/lb gives up heat to a cold body C having a temperature of 70 F, a mass of 4 lb, and a specific heat of 0.55. Determine Qa and Qu for each body and the net Qa and Qu for the isolated system containing bodies H and C if the refrigerator temperature is 52 F. 1.5 cu ft of air is compressed to 0.3 cu ft; the initial pressure of 14.20 psia rises to 115 psi; the compression follows a polytropic curve; find its exponent. Two pounds of air at 100 psia occupy 4 cu ft; the air is heated and expands at a constant pressure until its volume is increased 300 per cent; after that the air expands adiabatically to 50 psi, and finally its pressure is reduced isochorically to 15 psi. Determine the changes of available and unavailable energy and of the entropy between the starting and final conditions. Assume the refrigerator temperature to be 70 F, and use average specific heats for the temperature range involved. Using the graphic method, draw an expansion curve with n = 1.35 for V1 = 150 cu in., p1 = 100 psig and V2 = 600 cu in., check by computing pressure for an intermediate volume V = 400 cu in. With a radius of 5 in., draw an arc through points x1 = 1 in., y1 = 1 in., x2 = 4 in., and y2 = 3/8 in.; find by graphic method of tangents the curve of instantaneous n for this arc. END -

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