Indo-European Lexicon: Pokorny Master PIE Etyma

Indo-European Lexicon: Pokorny Master PIE Etyma
https://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ielex/PokornyMaster...
Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566 LRC Links: Home | About | Books Online | EIEOL | IE Doc. Center | IE Lexicon | IE Maps | IE Texts | Pub. Indices | SiteMap IE Lexicon Home Language Index Semantic Index J.R.R. Tolkien
Unicode 3 Pokorny
Unicode 2 Pokorny
ISO-8859-1 Pokorny
Indo-European Lexicon
Pokorny Master PIE Etyma
The table below lists Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etyma adapted from Julius Pokorny's book, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wrterbuch (Bern: Francke, 1959, 1989). Entry head-words are listed, with their page numbers and cross-references to other entries (following Pokorny) plus our own English glosses; for more information, the reader is referred to the book. Some misprints in Pokorny have been corrected, including repairs to diacritics and missing, incorrect, or extraneous homograph numbers. Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin. In our table, cross-references under "See also" may include IE links to our own lists of more modern Indo-European reexes -- words derived from the ancient Proto-Indo-European etyma. IE reex lists are under active construction (see our IE Lexicon home page): they are subject to change at any time, and might possibly exhibit errors not yet corrected. See our Language Index page for links from reexes (listed by IE language) to their PIE etyma. Page(s) 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 3 3 3 4 4-6 6-7 ! ab"bel-, ! "b# " l-, ab l! e abhabhroab#(n) 1. ad2. adades-, adosad(u)-, ad-ro$ag "g $! Pokorny entry IE "pIE 2. ! IE IE abhroIE abhIE IE 2. adIE 1. adIE $ ro-s IE ag $aig See also (an exclamation) water, river apple swift, quick, abrupt strong, mighty ape, monkey at, by, to to x, put in order spelt (type of grain) current, water course to lead, drive, agitate goat English gloss
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7 7 7-8 8 8 8 8-9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10-11 11 11 11 11-12 12 13 13 13 13-14 14 14-15 15 15 15-16 16 16 16 16-17 17 17-18 18 18-22 23 23 23 23 24-26 26-27 27-28 28 28-29 29 29 29 30-31 31-32 32 32 32-33
$ hag "g "g "g "g $ her-, ! $ hen-, ! $ hes-, or # $ her etc. ! aghagh-(lo-) aghl(u)agosagro-, egro-? $ ro-s ag ag (e)s%, aks% agu!h-no-s 1. ai 2. ai3. aiai-ti-, ai-to-, oi-to"i4. ! 5. ai- : oiaidai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh"ier-, ! "ien! $aig 1. aig-, nasalized ing2. aig3. aigaig h$ h- : %g $ h!(i)g $- : % $"ik "k ! aikai!osai-r! 1. ais2. aisaiskai-troaiu!-, ai!u$ -, ak $ #1. ak $ -, ok $2. ak akk! $ ru ak ak aku!!-, more accurately &ku!!, 'ku!1. al-, ol2. al"l3. ! 4. al5. al6. al-, al#u- : al&ual! albhialbhoaldhaleqalghalg hu! u! u! u!
animal that may bear young IE IE agh-(lo-) aghIE $IE ag IE IE aikIE IE IE ai-dhIE oid"ierIE ! IE ai!os"g $IE ! IE IE IE IE IE IE 1. ai IE aiskIE IE IE ai-tro"i4. ! IE $ t#(u) IE ok $ rudak day, dawn to ail, fear, be depressed disgusting, unpleasant dark cloud; rainy weather sin, guilt; fault, blemish rst, highest; apex, beginning eld, acre axe lamb (an exclamation) to drive, close in; harm, overwhelm to give part, portion to burn, shine oath, signicant speech to swell; strong to burn, shine day(light), morning goat ill, sick; depressed, dispirited oak to swing, vibrate, move violently to be ashamed to need, desire pike, spear, spit to call to ore, metal (copper, bronze, iron) (type of grass) to wish, desire, ask/search for to respect, worship, be in awe clear, bright, shining sharp, bitter vitality, life force to eat sharp, acute, angular; stone mama (nursery word) tear(drop) to hurt, damage IE IE ario-? IE IE IE IE albhoIE 1. elIE aregIE IE aqua, water, river beyond; other, alien to grow, nourish, enhance to roam, wander; be crazy/confused to burn to mill, grind white, gleaming hello! (greeting) barley white, albino trough to protect, ward off cold, frost, algidity to gain, earn; price, value
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33 33 33-34 34-35 35 35 35 35-36 36 36 36-37 37-38 38-39 39-40 40-41 41 41 41-42 42 42-43 43 43-45 45 45-47 47 47 48 48 48-50 50 50-51 51-52 52 52 52 53 53-55 55 55-61 61 61 62 62 62-63 63 63 64 64-65 65-66 66-67 67 67-68 68
alp!lu-, !loalu-, alu-d-, alu-tambhi, m ( bhi 1. am-, m'2. am-, m'!mer-, !m#r, !mr ( ames-, or omesam&" am(m)a, am% 1. an2. an3. an(&)4. an-, anu, an#, n# andh-, anedhandher-, )dherandhoan&tan&t!, en&t! $ hang $ henang angu!(h)i1. ank2. ank-, ang!noansans!, ansiansu-, )suant-s antro-m 1. ap-, more accurately &p- : 'p"p2. ! 3. ap-, !pappa apelo!pero" , ap-u, pu apo-, p# aps! pap(p)a IE IE IE pos IE IE IE 't%IE IE augh$ hiIE eg $IE nek IE IE IE IE IE antro-m IE IE 3. an(&)IE IE 1. *u!epIE IE ebhi? IE 1. m'IE 2. m'IE IE om&IE IE IE IE ansuIE IE
small, weak a bitter plant? bitter; ale, beer around, at both sides to grab, seize to mow day blackbird: merl, ousel to proceed energetically; rm up; suffer mama, amah (nursery word) relative, ancestor there, other side to breathe, respire, animate on, along, over there to sprout, bloom, blossom; herb, anther stem, spike blind, dark, somber duck, solan anta, doorpost tight, narrow, anguished; to constrict scent, smell, odor; person eel, worm, snake, serpent force; need, necessity to ex, bend, angle ring, annulus favorable, well inclined noose, snare; ansa, handle ghost, spirit, demon brow, front, anterior cave, hollow to take, reach, grasp water, river old, fragile; harm, damage papa (nursery word) strength shore, bank (of river) off, out of, away from aspen (tree) to t, suit to share, distribute nut now, therefore; (interrogative particle) to deny, refuse, renounce to ear, plow pole, stake 5. erareqIE erk IE aleqIE ar(&)IE 1. alIE
u!
1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base ar&-, r'-, and i-base IE "-, r'i(a)r% 2. ar-, or er3. ar4. ar, er, or?, r ( 5. arar(&)ardhardi-, r (diareg$ -, arg $ -?, r $ iar(e)-g (g areqarenkoario-? arquar#d-, ar&dIE 1. r'2. r'iIE #rIE arenko-
tip, point, edge to lock, shut away white, argent, glittering to lock, guard, protect (type of grain?) host, lord, master arc, arch, something bent (type of waterbird)
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68 68 68-69 69 69 69 70 70-71 71 71 72 72-73 73-75 75-76 76-77 77-78 78 78-81 81-84 84 84-85 86 86-87 87 87 88 88 88-89 89 90 91 91-92 92 92-93 93 93 93 93-94 94-95 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 96-97 97-98 98-102 102
aro-m aru!! "s-, based on it azd-, azg(h)! ast(h)at!t(e)r*ati-, ateliati, ato"tos, atta ! 1. au2. au-, au!-es-, au-s"3. au-, au!e, u!' "-, u!o4. au-, u- : u!' 5. au!-, au!'6. au!-, au!ed7. au!-, au!'-, au!'i8. au!-, au!'i9. au!(e)-, au!ed-, au!er10. au!(e)-, au!'(i)-, u!'11. au!'-, (u!e-d(h)-?) au!eg-, u!#g-, aug-, ugau!ei-, &u!ei-? au!esaugaugh-, ugh$au!ig auq (h)- : uq (h)-, probably also u!eq (h)au-lo-s : 'u-lau!o-s ausba"b-, bha"bh-, pa"pbababadi!os bait!, or pait!? bakbal-, balbalbal-balba"mbba"mb-, bha"mbh-, pa"mp-, pha"mphbandbar-barbatabau bdelb', b! bed1. bel2. belbend-, b)d-no1. b(e)u-, bh(e)u"2. b(e)u-, bh(e)* bis-(t)liIE IE IE IE p!usonIE IE pankIE blatbar-baru! u! u!
reed? intestines? IE ost(h)IE IE 'troIE 2. toIE IE 1. u!esIE 4. u!eIE 2. uIE 2. u!eIE IE IE IE 10. u!erIE 3. u!'IE $IE u!eg IE #(u!)i!-om IE eusIE $u!ing IE IE IE IE IE ba"mbIE bal-balIE IE IE to burn, glow; ash bone to go; year, annum re (type of sh) over, beyond daddy, mommy (nursery word) ow! (exclamation of pain) to sleep, stay overnight down, away from other; that (one) to plait, weave to speak to like, help to perceive, understand, be aware of to wet, ow, sprinkle; water, river, etc. to vent, blow to strain, take pains to augment, increase, magnify bird, avifauna to shine to shine, gleam, glitter nape of the neck oats; type of grass cooking pot tube, pipe, aulos maternal grandfather to draw (water); scoop, ladle to swell babble, babbling, unclear speech bay, brown; gold, yellow goatskin; cloak, mantle stick, staff; to hit, peg to dance, shake, whirl babbling, unclear speech (type of noise) to swell drop (of liquid)? babbling, unclear speech babble, murmur, meaningless stuttering bow-wow (onomatopoeic: dog barking) to suck baa (onomatopoeic: sheep bleating) to swell to cut off, cut out strong spike, needle, tip jutting out (onomatopoeic: dull noise) to boil, swell, puff up gall
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102 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 104-5 105-6 106 106 107 107 107-8 108 108 108-9 109 109-10 110 110-11 111 111 111 111-12 112 112 112-13 113 113 113 113-14 114 114-15 115 116 116 116-17 117 117 117-18 118 118-20 120 120-22 122 122-23 123-24 124 124 124-25
blatbl'blou-, bhlou-?, ploubolbrangh-, brongh-? breuqbronkbu1. bh!-, bh#-, bh&2. bh!bhabh! "dbh! 1. bhag2. bhagbh!g-s "ghbh! $ h-s bh!g bhar- : bhor- : bhr (bharubhares-, bhoresbhardh! bharek -, or bherek bharesbhaskobh!so-, or bh'sobh!t- : bh&t"u- : bh* "1. bh! 2. bh!u$h 1. b(h)e, and b(h)eg ", bh# " 2. bh' bh'-, bh#bhebhru-, bhebhro1. bhedh2. bhedhbheg-, bhengbh'gh- : bh#ghbheg bheibheid1. bheidh2. bheidhbhei(&)-, bh%bheig 1. bhel-, Balto-Slavic also bhel&2. bhel3. bhel-, bhl'4. bhel-, and bhl'-, bhl#-, bhl&$ -, bh l&-n-g $ -, 5. bhel-, chiey with sufxes: bhel&g e $ $ bheleg-, bhl (k6. bhelbh(e)l!gbheldbhelegu! u! u! u!
bl'6. bhelIE IE
to chat, prattle to bleat ea bulb, tuber hoarse? to jump
IE IE IE 2. bh!uIE IE IE IE bhorg o-s IE " ghbh# IE IE bharesIE IE bhardh! IE bharesIE IE bharIE "uIE 1. bh! IE bh!t1. bh!IE IE IE 5. bherIE IE IE bhogIE IE IE bhei(&)IE bhidhIE bheidIE IE 2. bhelbhelegIE 2. bhleiIE IE IE bhl'IE IE bhlendhu!
to lock, shut in lip; kiss, buss to shine, glisten to speak bean good, better to divide, apportion sharp beech (tree) bog, swamp, lowland elbow, forearm burr, stubble; something jutting out (r) tree, forest point, bristle, stubble (with formants) beard to farce, stuff full barley heap, bundle, fascicle (large bird of prey) to bat, hit to hit, beat to shine, glisten beside, outside, without (emphatic particle) to warm, bake, roast, fry glittering; bright brown to dig, stab, pierce, embed to ex, bend, crook to bang, break, smash to resist, dispute to ee, run away bee (insect) to bite, prick, pierce, split to force; advise, conde, encourage to bind, plait to hit to shine, glitter? glittering white henbane to grow, spread, swell, inate leaf, foil, blade; bloom balk, beam, rafter to speak, bell, bellow, resound weak, silly, ridiculous to hit, poke to shine, glisten
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125 125-26 126 126-27 127 127-28 128-32 132-33 133-35 135-36 136-37 137 137-38 138 138-39 139-40 140-41 141-42 142 142-43 143 143-45 145 145 145-46 146 146-50 150-52 152 152 152-53 153 153 153-54 154 154 154-55 155 155 155-56 156 156-57 157 157-58 158 158-59 159 159 159-60 160 160 160 160-61 161
bheleu$ hbhelg bhenbhendbhendh$ h-, bhn $ h-, adj. bhn $ h-s bheng (g (g 1. bher2. bher3. bher4. bher5. bher6. bher7. bherbheredh-, bh+dhobhereg$ -, bhr'g $bher&g $ h-, bherg $ hosbhereg $ -, bhr'k $bher&k 1. bherem2. bherembheres"bh(e)reu- : bh(e)r* $ hbherg bherug-, bhrug-, bhorg1. bhes2. bhes" u- : bh*bheu-, bheu!&-, bhu!!-, bhu!'- : bh# bheudh-, nasalized bhu-n-dh1. bheug2. bheug-, bheugh3. bheug-, bheugh4. bheugbhidhbhili-, bhilo$bhlag bhlagh-menbhl'"d-, bhl bhl' (dbhleg "i- : bhl&i- : bhl%1. bhl' 2. bhlei"ig $ -, bhl%g $bhl' bhleiqbhlendhbhlesbhleu1. bhl'u- : bhl&u- : bhl*2. bhl'u- : bhl&u- : bhl*bhleu-(k-) bhl'-u!o-s bhleusbhl&ido-s $ - : *bhl'igbhl%g " bhl#ku!
IE 2. bhl'uIE IE IE IE IE bhrenIE bh(e)reuIE bhr'iIE bhereg$IE bher&g IE IE IE 2. bherem$IE bher&k $ hIE bherg IE bhebhruIE IE bhlos-qIE IE bhrag$ hIE bhereg IE bhoso-s IE perdIE IE IE IE IE 2. bheidhIE IE IE "dIE bhl' IE babaIE "ig $IE bhl' IE bhleuIE bhleiqbhl&ido-s IE bhlesIE 1. bhl'uIE 3. bhelIE bhleu-(k-) IE bhleusIE bhl'-u!o-s IE 1. bhelbheleu"i1. bhl' IE IE
to hit, weaken; ill, weak to swell, bulge, billow to hit, wound to sing, rejoice to tie, bind fat, thick, dense to bear, bring, carry to boil, swell, well up to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool to hum, buzz shining; bright brown to cook, bake, fry, roast to plait, weave to cut; board (onomatopoeic: to bark, cry, roar, etc.) to shine; bright, white high, noble; barrow, mountain to shine, glitter to stand out; brim, edge, hem to hum, buzz, drone quick, festinate to brew, boil, surge, be wild to keep, hide, bury throat to spread, smear, rub on to blow, breathe to be, exist; grow, prosper to awaken, be aware to ee, escape, seek refuge to free, put away to bow, ex, bend, crook to enjoy pot, vat, cauldron good, friendly, harmonious to hit, og, ail priest, amen, wizard to bleat, weep, howl to boil, bubble up; boast, chatter to swell, become bloated to shine, glitter to swell, burst, blow up to shine, glitter to shine, glitter dim, pale, blond, reddish to shine, glitter to bloat, swell, blow up; ow to shine, glitter bad, weak, miserable to burn a light color (blue, yellow) mild, weak pale, light to hit, strike, inict ock, tow, wool; cloth?
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161 161 161 161-62 162 162 163 163 163 163 163 163-64 164 165 166 166-67 167 167-68 168 168 168-69 169 169 169 170 170 170-71 171 171-72 172 172-73 173 173 174 174 174 175 175-79 179 179 179-81 181 181-83 183 183 183-87 187 187-88 188-89 189-91 191 191-92 193 193-94
bhlos-qbhog"gh" gh-, or bh! bh# bh#i- : bh&i- : bh%-, bhii!&bhokbholobhorg o-s bhoso-s bhoudhibhouk os bhrag-, better bhr&-g, terbhr! bhred(h?)$1. bhreg $2. bhreg bhr'i-, bhr" %bhrenbhrendhbhrenk-, bhronk$bhre(n)k bhren-to-s bhresbhreu-, bhreu-d"u-, bhr* "1. bhr' 2. bhr'u-, bhr*$bhreu-k 1. bhreu-s2. bhreu-s" s3. bhreus-, bhr* bhroisqo-, bhrisqo1. bhr*2. bhr*-, bhr'ubhr*gbhrugh-nobhudh-m(e)n "g $ o-s, familiar form bhukko-s bh* d!d! : d&-, and d!i- : d&i-, d" %d!iu!'r, genitive daiu!rs $ rudak "d!u-, d&u-, d* $ h-m*d&g de-, dod'- : d&-, and d'i-, d%d'g1. dei-, dei!&-, d%-, di!!2. dei!&-, di!!-, di!&-, d%$ hdeig $deik $1. dek $ - : dok $ -, d'k $2. dek $m $m $ udek ( , dek ( -t, dek 1. del2. delu! u!
4. bherIE bheg"ghIE bh! IE IE 2. bhagIE 1. bhes-
(onomatopoeic: to bark, cry, roar, etc.) beck, owing water bog, swamp, lowland to fear, be afraid to burn? mist, smoke, steam? gruff, unfriendly bare, naked victory a buzzing insect
IE 2. bherIE $IE bhre(n)k IE "uIE 1. bhr' IE bhrendhIE bhrenkIE 2. bhr'ubhres$IE 1. bhreg IE 1. bhreu-s$IE bhreu-k 1. bherIE 2. bhreu-sIE bhrugh-noIE bhroisqoIE 3. bherIE IE IE bhreuIE IE IE IE 3. delIE $ ru IE ak IE $ h-m-s d&g IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE des$IE denk $m IE u!%-k ( t-% IE
to scent, smell brother, family member to wade, wander to break to stick up to fray, pierce, cut with sharp tool to bulge, stick out; edge, brink to sprout, swell up to bring to err, be ensnared deer, horned animal to burst, break to swell, sprout to break, cut, pierce edge to strike, throw to swell, sprout to bruise, break to pieces to boil, sound, etc. bitter brow, eyebrow beam, bridge fruit; to brook, enjoy twig base, ground, bottom, fundament buck, goat uid; river; to ow to share, divide brother-in-law tear (from the eye) to burn, injure, torment slanting I-deictic; here to tie, bind to take, grab, pack? to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity to move, spin, swing to itch, prick; tick to teach, show to take to tear, rip to pieces ten, decade to tell, count, calculate to shake, totter
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194-96 196 196-97 198-99 199-200 201 201 201-2 202-3 203 203 203-4 204-6 206-11 211-12 212 212 212-13 213 214-17 217 217-18 218-19 219-20 220-21 221-22 222 222 222 222 223 223-26 226 226 226-27 227 227 227-28 228-32 233 233-34 234 234 235 235 235-39 239 239 240 240-41 241-42
3. del-, dol-, del&4. del5. deldem-, dem&dem&-, dom&-, dom&demel$denk 1. dens2. densdeph1. der- : d#r-, der-, or d#r- : d&r2. der-, reduplicated der-der-, dr (dor-, broken reduplication dor-d-, dr (-d3. der-, dr!-, dreb-, drem-, dreu4. der-, heavy-base der&-, dr'derbhder(ep)der&-, dr!dergh$derk " ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu!&- : dr*deru-, d# des-, d's1. deu2. deu-, or dou- : du3. deu-, deu!&-, du!!-, d*deukdeup- : kteup-? $ h-m-s d&g digh"p-ro-, d% "p- r! d% e dl (k$ h*, dn $ hu!! dn (g (g d#- : d&-, also d#-u- : d&u- : dudous"mdr'- : dr&-, extended dr-' $ hdreg dumb-, dumbh-? dusdu!eidu!#(u) "bh-, nasalized dhamb(h)1. dh! 2. dhabh"ldh! dhanu-, or dhonudhau1. dh'-, reduplicated dh'-dh(')2. dh'3. dh'-, dh&dhebdhebh-, dhebh-eudheg hdh'(i)-, also dh-ei-?
u!
"bhIE 1. dh! IE IE IE IE $IE 2. dek IE 2. densIE 1. densIE IE 4. derIE 3. dherIE IE 1. derIE $IE derk IE IE IE der(ep)IE $1. dek IE IE IE IE geiIE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE gu!is-ti-s IE d! IE IE 2. dhelIE IE IE dh'(i)IE u!eidhIE IE IE dhembhIE IE 1. dh'-
to split, divide to rain, dribble long to build, timber; house, domicile to tame worm? to bite to learn; mental power dense to push, stamp, thrust hand span (onomatopoeic: to mutter, grumble) to run, trip, tread, tramp to cut, skin, split, tear to wind, put together to see? to work to grasp to look rm, solid; tree, wood to nd to sink in, plunge into to worship, venerate; mighty to pass, move forward to tug, pull, drag, tow (onomotopoeic: dull thud) slanting goat sacricial animal sweet, dulcet tongue to give, donate arm to sleep vexed, displeased, unwilling tail, penis bad, foul, evil to fear two, duo to be speechless, astonished; to dab, be touched, affected to x, suit; proper to bloom, be green (type of tree) to press, strangle older family member (nursery word) to do, put, place, set to disappear, pass away fat, thick, heavy to harm, injure to burn to suck, suckle
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243 243-44 244-45 245-46 246 246 246 247 247 247-48 248-49 249 249 249-50 250 250 251-52 252-55 255-56 256 256 257 257 257-58 258 258 259 259 259-60 260-61 261 261-67 267-68 268 268-71 271 271 271-72 272 272 272-73 273 273 273-74 274 274-75 275 276 276 276-77 277 277 277
dhei!&- : dhi!!- : dh%dh'igu!- : dh#igu!- : dh%gu!$ hdheig 1. dhel-, dholo2. dhel3. dheldhelbhdhelgdhelgh-, dhelgdhem-, dhem&dhembh-, dhm ( bh1. dhen2. dhen3. dhen1. dhengh2. dhengh1. dher-, dher&2. dher-, dher&"n3. dher-, dhereu-, dhr' 4. dher- : dhor- : dher5. dher-, dhrei-ddher!ghdherbh-, dher&bh-? dherebhdheregh$ h-, dhr $ h-n!dhereg (g dhersdh's-, dh&s1. dheu2. dheu-, dhu!-'i3. dheu-
IE IE IE IE "lIE dh! IE IE IE IE IE IE dheu-bIE IE IE IE IE IE 4. dherIE IE 2. derIE 5. dherIE 1. dher$IE dhreg IE IE IE IE IE IE IE
to look, see, show to dig, plant, stab, stick to build, knead clay curve; dell, hollow to light; shining to tremble to dig, delve, bury to stab, stick; needle to hit to blow, y about like dust to dig to ow, run at of hand, surface of land, etc. to hit, ding, push, thrust to press, cover to get, grip, reach dirt, dreg, some type of deposit to hold, support (onomatopoeic: to drone, growl, purr, etc.) to jump (at) to defecate; dirt to drag, pull to work to harden; coagulated bushy plants to turn, wind to dare, be bold (used in religious terms) to ow, run to die, faint, vanish to shine brightly to blow, dissipate, y about like dust, etc. deep, hollow peg, wedge to blow, dissipate, y about like dust, etc. to milk, press, touch to press, squeeze; squash? debt, guilt, duty to sharpen rope?
4. dheu-, dheu!&-, presumably dhu!'-, compare sufxes IE dheu!es"-sdhu!'-k-, dhu!' dheu-b-, dheu-pdheubh-, dhubh"s-, dheus-, dh* " sdheu!es-, dhu!' dheughdhlas-, or dhels- : dhl (sdhl (ghdh#dh#[u]- : dh*dhrebh$dhreg 1. dhregh2. dhreghdhreibhdhreu1. dhreugh2. dhreughdhrigh-, or dhreikhdhronodhug(h)&terdhu!en-, dhundhu!er-, dhu!er&IE IE IE IE IE terkIE IE IE IE IE IE dhebhIE IE 4. dheuIE
to drub, crush, grind to pieces to pull to run to hurt, torment to drive, push, thrust to grind, crumble to shake, tremble to harm, deceive hair, bristle multicolored? daughter to hum, drone to harm by trickery/deception
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278-79 279 280-81 281 281-86 287 287-89 289-90 290 290 290-91 291 291-92 292 292-93 293 293 293-97 297 297-98 298 298 298 298-99 299-301 301 301-2 302-4 304-5 305 306 306 306-7 307 307-9 309-10 310 310 310 310 310-11 311 311-14 314 314 314-15 315-16 316-18 318 318-19 319 319-21 321
"r-, dhu!# " r-, dhur-, dhu!r dhu!' (dhu!ergh- : drugh", # " 1. ' 2. ', # 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. %ebhi? : obhi : bhi ed1. edh2. edheg$ -, #g $ -, &g $'g $ -, eg $ (h)om, eg $# eg $ heroeg $ hieg $ hs, eg $ hz eg egnis : ognis ehem, eheu, eho 1. ei"i 2. ' 3. ei4. ei- : oieibh- : oibh-, i!ebheig-, oig'ik1. eis2. ei-s-, ei-n$ u!o-s ek 1. el-, ol-, el2. el3. el- : ol4. el-, ol5. el-, ol6. el-, el&- : l!-, el-eu-(dh-) 7. el-, el&-, with k-sufx elk-, el&k"i-, l' "i-, ol" 8. el-, el' %n! 'l'l! elgelk-, el&kelkosemembhi-, empi1. en 2. en'n " bh-, n'bh-?, m 1. enebh-, embh-, ombh-, n# ( bh2. enebh- : nebh-, embh-, m ( bh$ $ $ $ enek-, nek-, enk-, n ( k"neu, ' "nu ' e-neu!en, neu!n ( , enu!n (
u! engu!-, n ( g -n
IE IE IE 1. o IE 2. # IE i!!i epi IE IE IE IE IE 1. meIE ang (h)iIE IE IE IE i!!oiu!! IE IE IE i!ebhIE IE IE IE IE IE 4. el2. leiIE ulIE IE 2. leu-dhIE elk"iIE 1. l' IE IE 7. elIE IE IE 3. neiIE IE IE 2. nebhIE IE IE neu!os IE IE 2. ne IE n#mn (
u!
door crippled, dwarf-like, low in stature (particle: he, this, etc.) oh (vocative interjection) (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.) from, around, (up) to, etc. to eat tip, point fence of stakes lack (of something) to say, speak ego, I (pronoun) (inland) lake hedgehog from, out of, exre aha! oho! (exclamation) to go, exit O (vocative particle) bright; reddish pole, stake to copulate to lament, complain to own, possess, be capable to move rapidly/violently ice, frost horse red, brown to lie, recline to rot, be moldy (a noise) to destroy to go, move, drive hungry; bad? to bend; elbow line, strip awl, bodkin poor, needy hungry; bad? boil, abscess to take bee, gnat, mosquito in year behold! look here! navel wet, damp; cloud, nimbus; water to reach, obtain without nine bump, swelling that name
eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -neen(o)mn ( -, (o)nomn ( , n#mn (
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321-22 322 322 323 323-25 325 325 325 325-26 326 326-32 332 332-33 333 334 334 335 335 335 335 336-37 337 338 338 338-39 339 339 340 340 340-42 342 342-43 343 343 343 344 344 345 345 345 345-46 346 346 347 347 347 347-48 348 349 349 349-50 350-51
enos-, or onosenq-, onqent-, better ant-? eperoepi, opi, pi 'piepop, opop eph1. er-, or2. er-, eri3. er- : or- : r4. er-, er-t-, er-u!5. er-, er&-, thematic (e)r-.ereb-, orob-, r#b"reb(h)-, # " rob(h)' eredereg (h)o-, erog (h)o1. erek-, er[e]gh2. er(e)k-, rek-, rok1. eres"s-, r# " s2. ere-s-, ers-, r (s-, eres-, and r' 1. ereu2. ereu1. er&-, r'-, er(e)2. er&-, r'er(&)d-, (er(&)d-), er(&)dhergherk ers- : orsos esesu-s : su"s' es-en-, os-en"s-r ' ((g ), genitive es-n-s et(e)n'tereti 't%'t-mn'tro1. eu-, eu&- : u!!-, u!&2. eu3. eu4. eu'udh-, #udh-, *dheukeuseu!egu!h"b$! g gag-, g#g1. gal2. galu! u! u! u!
IE
onus, burden to sigh, groan to weave wild boar
IE obhi-
at, near, epicomrade, companion (onomatopoeic: call of hoopoe bird) to cook
IE IE 2. ereuIE "IE 2. r' IE regu!osredIE
erne, eagle goat, sheep to move, set in motion earth loose, crumbly to drill, make holes, hollow out (dark color, reddish brown) to ow away; dampness pea, legume tick, mite, louse to tear, cut, split to stab, pierce
IE r'sIE 4. reuersIE 3. r'IE 4. r'IE IE $ar(e)-g IE 1. rebhIE IE IE niz-doIE IE IE IE IE an&tIE IE !t(e)rIE u!!sto-s IE
to ow to ask, seek to tear, rip up to row; oar to rest, be still high; to grow to shake, tremble to beam, shine; to praise tail; arse, rump, backside is, to be good, able to sit summer, harvest time blood seed, grain intestines out, beyond, etc. eider (duck) breath quick, swift, hurried to lack, want; empty, vacant to dress, put on to feel (exclamation of joy)
IE IE IE 9. u!esIE IE IE IE ghel-
udder to accustom oneself, be used to to burn to praise, worship, avow, speak formally to show, watch out for something round/lumpy bald, callow, naked to call, cry
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351 351 352 352 353 353 353 354 354-55 355 355-56 356 356 356 356 357-64 365 365-66 366-67 367 367 367-68 368-69 369 369-70 370-73 373-75 376-78 378-79 379-80 380 380-81 381-82 382 382-83 383-85 385-90 390 390-91 392 392-93 393-98 399 399 399-400 400 400-1 401 401 401-2 402 402 403
3. gal-, or ghalgan(dh)gang"r$! g $gar&g g!u$ ebhg $ egh-, g $ oghg geig'(i)- : g#(i)- : g%$'i-, g $%g geid$ eidg $geig $ eisg 1. gel2. gel-, and g el3. gel(&)$ el-, g $ el&-, g $ l'-, also *gel'i- : g $ (e)l&ig gelebhgeli-, gl%$ ( )l#u!g e gem$ embh-, g $m $ ombhos g ( bh-, g $ em(e)g gen$ en-, g $ en&-, g $ n'-, g $ n#1. g $ en-, g $ en&-, g $ n'-, g $ n#2. g genebh-, genobhgeng-, gonggengh$ enu-, g $ neu1. g $ enu-, fem., g $ en&dh- : g $ on&dh2. g $ ep(h)-, g $ ebhg 1. ger-, gere2. ger3. ger4. ger-, gr'i$ er-, g $ er&-, g $ r'g gerebh$ ersg g'u-, g&u-, g*$ eu-, g $ eu!&-, also geu!&g g(e)u-lo$ eusg $ (i!)eug(i!)eu-, g glag-, or glak$gleg $ leig gleubhgl#gh- : gl&gh1. gol-, lengthened grade g#l-, reduced grade gol2. golu!
IE IE IE 2. gerIE $ eghg $ ebhg $ h-mIE *d&g IE IE
to be able vessel to mock, scorn to call, cry grim, grievous, dreadful to rejoice, be glad bough, branch, stick branch, bush; picket to bend, turn to cry, sing to sprout to stab; kittle, tickle to suck to bite, prick, stab gravel
IE IE IE IE IE gleubh-
to curl, form into ball; round to glut, devour, envelop cool, cold; to keel, freeze bright; to shine, be joyful to ay, scrape mouse
IE IE $ ep(h)IE g IE IE 1. kenIE IE IE
sister-in-law to grasp, grip; be full to bite; tooth to marry to pinch, press together, etc. to bear, produce, generate to ken, know, recognize pin, wooden plug lump to turn, weave
IE IE $ embhIE g IE IE 4. g er(&)IE IE IE gr'b(h)o-s IE IE gou!&IE IE IE IE IE

u!
knee, joint chin, jaw(bone) jaw, jowl, mouth; to eat to cram, collect, put together (onomatopoeic: to crow, shriek, etc.) to turn, wind, curl to grow, awaken to rub; rotten; to age, ripen; grain to carve, scratch; write to bend, turn to bend, curl; cup, vessel to hurry, promote glowing coal to taste, degust, enjoy to chew milk soft, tender to attack, run at
IE gelebhIE
to cut, cleave, pare, slice barb, spike to camp, lie down; den (of animals) bough, branch, twig
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403 403-4 404 404 405 405 405-6 406 406 406 406 407 407-9 409 409 409-10 410 410 410 411 411 411 412 412-13 413 413-14 414 414-16 416 416-17 417-18 418-19 419-22 423 423 423-24 424 424 424-25 425-26 426-27 427 427 428 429-34 434 434 434 435 435 435 435
" u-, gou!&-, g*g# gou!&-, or gau!&-? : g*" sgras- : gr# gr'b(h)o-s : gr#b(h)o-s gred- : grodgrem1. greus2. greusgreutgr#d-, gr&dgrugha gha, ghe ghe, ghi ghi ghabhghabh(o)lo-, masc., ghabh(o)l! fem. $ h!g hg $ haidoghaido-, or g ghais$ haiso-, or g $ h&iso- : g $ h'isog ghait-! $ hal-, g $ hal-arg $ halg(h)g $ hang $ han-sg $ hasto-, g $ hazdho1. g $ hasto2. g $ hau-, g $ hau!&g ghau!o$ h/em-, g $ h/om-, genitive-ablative g $ h(/)m-s g $ h/i!s, zero-grade g $ h/is, simplied to g $ h/s, g $ hi!s, g $ hs g $ h/*-, or g $ hi!*-? g ghe-, gho$ h'-, g $ h'i1. g $ h'- : gh&-, and g $ h'i- : g $ h%2. g ghebh-el-, ghebh-el-, ghebh-eloghedghedh-, ghodhghegh$ (h)eg $ hg $ hei-, g $ h'i1. g $ hei- : g $ hi2. g gheidh$ hgheig $ heiz-dgheis-, and g ghel$ hel-, and ghel-?, also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g $ hel&-, 1. g $ hl'-, g $ hl#-, g $ hl&g $ hel2. g $ h'l! g gheldh")g $ hghel(' ghel&d$ hghelg ghel-ond-, ghol-n ( dIE IE $ h'uIE g IE $ hIE gheig IE gheidhIE IE 6. kelIE ghl!dhIE IE IE IE IE $ h# IE g $ h'IE 2. g IE gha gha IE IE IE IE $ han-sg $ h'IE 1. g IE IE IE IE
u!
to call, cry IE g'uIE gredIE gerebhIE hand; to grab to gnaw, eat, devour beech or hornbeam (tree) to grate, scratch to be damp; to sink to crush, crumble, crackle to burn, smolder IE 2. gherIE $ hanIE g IE IE to crush, press; curd hail? to grunt (of pigs) to cackle, gaggle (of geese) to take, grab, seize branch, fork young bird/animal goat, kid to stick, be xed to dart; staff, stick curly/wavy hair aw, defect; harm exible twig to yawn goose pole, rod, gad; twig arm, hand to call false earth, ground, soil, humus yesterday sh, ichthyoid (enclitic (emphatic?) particle) to lack, be empty; leave, go out to gape, yawn gable, head to defecate; hole, opening to join, unite, gather, make a bond to bend, curve ferret (or similar carnivorous mammal) to goad, drive; to throw, wound snow; winter to desire, yearn for to desire, yearn for shocked, aghast, confused to yell, call, cry to shine, glare, glow; gold, yellow, bright color to cut? wine? to desire, wish for (type of metal) hail, ice gland stomach, intestines
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435 436 436 436-37 437-38 438 438-39 439 439-40 440 440-41 441 441-42 442-43 443 443 443 444 445 445 445-46 446 446 446 447 447 447-48 448 449 450 450 451 451 451 451 451-52 452 452 452 453 453 453-54 454 454 455 455-56 456-57 457 457-58 458 458-59 459 459-60 460
ghel-#u-, ghel*ghel-t#, Germanic and ghel-dh# Slavic ghelun! ghenghend-, and ghedghendh-, ghondh$ henghg 1. gher2. gher3. gher-, ghr'- : ghr#- : ghr&$ her1. g $ her2. g $ her-, and g $ her&-, g $ hr'3. g $ her4. g $ her-, g $ hor-n! 5. g $ her-, g $ her&- : g $ hr'-? 6. g $ 7. gher$ herdh-, and gherdhg 1. ghers-, ghres2. ghers$ hersg gherto$ herzd(h), genitive g $ hr $ herzd! g (zd(h)-es, g $ hslog $ hesor-, g $ hesrg $ hestog $ heu1. g $ heu-, g $ heu-d2. g $ h'u- : g $ h#(u)- : g $ h&ug gheub(h)"g $ h-, gh* $ hgheug $ heu!ei!! gheu!ei!!, g ghl!dh$ hl!dg ghleu$ h# g ghoilo-s ghom" sgh# ghosti-s ghou!(')ghou-ro-s ghousghr'- : ghr#- : ghr&1. ghrebh-, gherbh-, root extension ghrebh!2. ghrebhghredhghr'i- : ghr&i- : ghr%-, and lit. ghreighreib1. ghrem2. ghremghrenghrendh1. ghr'u- : ghr&u- : ghr*-
IE IE IE IE IE IE IE $ hl!dIE g ghr'i$ herIE 7. g IE $ herzd(h) IE g IE $ herdhIE g IE IE $ hersg $ hestoIE g
turtle, tortoise to cost, pay, be worth jaw, gill to grind, crack open, gnaw to pieces to get, grasp, seize boil, abscess to step, stride, march (onomatopoeic: to snarl, rattle, etc.) to rub, stroke hard to come out, jut out to desire, yearn for to gash, slit, scrape, scratch to beam, shine, shimmer to grab, grip, seize bowels short, small to stiffen, stand out to gird, enclose, encompass horror, disgust, revulsion (type of weed, e.g. goat's foot)
IE ghr'$ herIE 2. g IE IE $ herIE 4. g IE IE $ heiIE 1. g
to stiffen, bristle, stand out milk, butter barley, prickly grain thousand, chiliad hand arm, hand to gush, pour, found to die, disappear, get away to gape, yawn to bend, move to conceal, do secretly pit, hollow
$ hel1. g 1. gherIE " dIE * IE
bright, brilliant to call, sound to be happy, joyful, gleeful behind; towards foaming, turbulent, frothing up stall to eat
IE IE IE IE 3. gherIE 2. ghrebhIE ghreibIE IE 1. ghremIE 1. ghrebhIE ghrenIE IE 2. ghr'uIE
guest, stranger to gawk, be aware of, pay attention to frightened, frightening to sound, hear to grow, become green to grab, grasp to dig, grub, grave, scratch to stride, march to smear over to grip, grab to rub, scratch to grumble; resound, thunder to grind, rub, stroke hard beam to collapse, fall down
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460-62 462 463-65 465 465-66 466 466-67 467 467 467-69 469 469 469-70 470-71 471-72 472-73 473 473 473-74 474-76 476-77 477-78 478 479 479 479-80 480 480 480-81 481 481 481 482 482 482 482-83 483-85 485 485 485 485 485 485-86
2. ghr'u- : ghr&u- : ghr*ghroudgu!!-, gu!em"dhgu!! 1. gu!'bh-, or gu!!bh-?, gu!&bh2. gu!'b(h)g edh1. g ei2. gu!ei3. gu!ei!-, and gu!ei!&gu!'i-, or gu!ei!&- : gu!%gu!eid(h)g ei!&1. g el2. gu!el-, gu!el&-, gu!l'3. gu!el-, gu!el-, gu!l!gu!elbhgu!em"n! gu!' 1. g er-, g er&2. g er-, g er&-, g er&u-, g er%3. gu!er-, gu!or4. gu!er(&)$ u!er-, g $ u!er&g g erugu!es-, zgu!esgu!es-, g0os-, gus-, extended gu!oz-do1. g et2. gu!etgu!etg ii!!, g ii!s g is-ti-s gu!%u!! gu( ltur(os) u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u!
IE gr#dIE gu!emIE IE IE IE IE
to crush, rub sharply (round body part, e.g. cheek, bosom) to come, go to dive, sink, submerge to plunge, dive in slimy; frog to hit, push; harm, injure to cry, weep, complain to enclose, push together
IE
to live, survive hide, skin
IE IE IE IE IE IE gu!!IE IE IE IE gu!retso"r$! IE g IE
mud to prevail, overpower, be mighty to stab; pain, death, quell to ow, drip down; throw acorn, valonia; oak? womb, uterus; young animal to go, come wife, queen, woman to swallow; craw, gorge, throat grave, heavy mountain to praise, congratulate, raise one's voice to burn, be hot pole, spit
IE
to quench, extinguish leaves, branches
IE IE IE
resin to speak, talk swelling sinew
du!#(u)
nger resin vulture dirt, dung
gu!or-gu!(or)ogu!oug #u-, g *gu!ozd(h)o-, gu!ozd(h)ig rebh$gu!reig g rendhg retso"g $ h-, gu!r* $ hgu!r'ug
u! u! u! u! u!
IE IE
cow, ox, gaur dirt, dung nail, penis
IE
young, embryo to sleep, dream
IE IE 3. g eru!
to swell; breast big, thick, gross to bite, grind one's teeth
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487 487-88 488 488-89 489 489 489-90 490 490 490-91 491 491-93 493 493-95 495 495 495 496 497 497 499 499 501 501 501-2 502 502 502 502 502 503 503 503 503-4 504 504 504-5 505 505-6 506 506 506-7 507 508-10 510-11 511 511-12
gu!h/ei(&)g h/ergu!hedh*gu!h'i- : gu!h&i-, gu!h&i-d- : gu!h%dgu!hei&- : gu!h%gu!hel$ hu!elg $ hu!elgg g hemb$ hu!eng 1. g hen2. gu!hen(-&)"r$ hu!' g g her$ hu!oigu!g $ hu!#k -, g $ hu!&k g g hr'gu!hren" h! ha ha! %l-, %lu%lii!!- : i!#i!!i!agi!aghi!!i "m-, or i!em- : i! m- : i!#mi!! e i!!m i!'- : i!&i!ebhi!egi!'gu!! i!eki!'k- : i!&k"k -r i!' ((t-), genitive i!ek -n-s i'lo- : i!&loi!em2 tri!n&ter-, weak case i!en&tr-, i!n ( i!'-roi!esi!et1. i!eu2. i!eu-, i!eu!&-, i!eu-g3. i!eu4. i!eui!eu-dhu! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u!
IE ku!1eiIE IE IE IE IE IE
to destroy, perish to ow, run to ask, beg, wish for bright, shining vein, sinew, tendon to want, wish to bend, swerve to glance, look at to hop, spring (happily) to sound
IE IE IE IE IE
to swell, abound to hit, strike, fend wild animal warm, hot to shine; star to shine, shimmer
IE IE IE IE IE IE i!'-roIE i!!m i!oIE eibhIE IE IE i!'kIE i!ekIE IE
to scent, smell diaphragm; mind, soul (surprise: ha! oh!) (laughter) dirt, mud; black groin, intestines to punish, be angry, excited to go to worship, venerate to hunt, wish for (demonstrative stem: one, this, etc.) to dig (demonstrative stem: one, this, etc.) to do, throw, project to copulate ice, icicle force, strength to speak to heal liver raw, unripe to hold, match, defeat, geminate; twin sister-in-law
1. eiIE IE IE 4. i!euIE IE i!eu!osIE
year, summer to boil, foam up to set out, strive for to mix, mingle (of meal preparation) to yoke, join, tie together young to separate, hold apart to ght, move swiftly
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512 512 512 512 513 513 513 513 513 513-14 514 515 515-16 516 516 516 516-17 517 517-18 518 518 519 519 519 519 519-20 520 520 520 521 521 521 521 521 521-22 522 522-23 523 523-24 524 524 524 524-25 525 525 525 525-26 526 526 526-27 527-28 529 529
$i!eug i!eu-ni-, or i!ou-nii!eu!oi!eu!osi!oi!oi-nii!orki!ou, i!u i!#[u]s- : i!*s1. i!u" 2. i!* k!", ke, kom k! "dk! kadh$ ad1. k $ ad2. k $ $ &des- : k $ &d-sk!d- : k $ o-, masc., kag $!- fem. kag kagh- : koghkaghlo1. kai-, kai-u!o-, kai-u!elo2. kai "i-, k% "3. k! 4. k!i-d-, k!i-tkai-ko$ -, or koik $kaik kai-lo-, kai-lukaisk!i-tkaitokaiu!r (-t, kaiu!n ( -t kakkak!k$ ak1. k $ ak-, k $ ek-? 2. k $ !k- : k $ &k-, probably k $ ![i]k- : k $ %k1. k $! "k2. k 1. kal2. kal-, kali-, kalu"l-, k# " l-? 3. k! kalnikam-er"mk! kambkam-pkankand-, skand-, and Indo-Iranian (s)kend$ ankk kan-thokapk!p-, k&p"pok! IE $ ankIE k IE kegIE 2. kelIE IE IE IE kam-pk!(s)kambIE kam-erIE IE (s)kand$ !k1. k IE IE oiIE "sIE 6. u!' IE "mIE k! IE $ !dk IE IE "dIE k! IE IE IE IE kai-koIE IE k!i-tIE kai-lokaisIE 1. kai$kaik (s)k!iIE IE $ ek IE k
u!
to excite, arouse; unsteady the right place/way IE IE 2. i!eui!ou grain, esp. barley rule, right, justice, statute (relative stem: one, this, etc.) reed (bulrush) (type of deer) (demonstrative stem: one, this, etc.) belt; to gird you (plural) yowl (exclamation of joy/wonder) to like, wish, desire well! (particle) to rob, harm, damage; chase to guard, cover, protect to fall to shine, sparkle hate, displeasure, uneasiness goat to sew, plait, etc. chalk, pebble alone and heat bright, shining one-eyed, cyclopean to itch, scratch bright; hale, whole, healthy hair bright, shining chet, woods, forest cleft, hollow, ravine to cack, defecate (nursery word) to croak; cracking sound to become thin to help, enable to jump, spring out branch hard, callous; blister handsome, beautiful; healthy to be captured; prison narrow path/passage to bend, curve to like, wish, desire to bend, curve to bend to sing, chant, sound to glow, shine; bright, candent to jump, spring out curve, angle, corner to cop, grab, grasp; have? piece of land thing in the water
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529 529-30 530 530 530-31 531-32 532 532-33 533 533 534 534 534 535 535 535-36 536-37 537 537 537 537 537-38 538-39 539-40 540-41 541-42 542 542 542-43 543 543 543 543 543 544 544 544 545 545-47 547-48 548 548-50 550-51 551 551 551 551 551 551-52 552 552-53 553-54 554 554
kaprokap-ut $# "pho-, or k " phok! 1. kar2. kar-, kar&3. kar-, reduplicated karkark!rkars$ as-, k $ as-nok $ !s-, k $ &sk 1. kat2. kat$ atk kauk!u-, k&u"u-, k' "u-, k*k! "u(&)l! : k*l! k! kau-l-, ku-lkaus$ ek kedkeg-, keng-, and kek-, kenkk'i$ ei1. k $ ei2. k $ $ #(i)- : k $ &(i)k'(i)- : k $ 'i-bhk keid$ 'i-ghk $ eipk $ eipo-, k $ oipok keis$kek keku$ 'kok $ eku!k 1. kel-, kel&2. kel3. kel-, kel&-, kl!-, extended kl!d4. kel-, and k!l5. kel2-? 6. kel-, k(e)l'-, k(e)l!-, or kl ( 7. kel-, kol-, kol8. kel9. kel10. kel11. kelk'l-, k#l-, k&l$ el1. k $ el2. k $ el3. k $ el4. k $ elb-, k $ elpk keleu-
IE IE IE koro-s IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE 2. keu$ ok IE IE kengIE IE $ '-roIE k IE $ 'i-ghIE k IE $ 'i-bhIE k IE
he-goat head hoof to scold, punish, revile to glorify, praise aloud hard wax to rub, scratch gray to teach, show the way to link, plait, weave; chain, net to bear young; young animal to ght, struggle; battle to humble, discourage to hew, cut, hit to howl boil, abscess, swelling hole, hollow; bone to draw lots this to smoke peg, handle, (grappling) hook to move, set in motion to lie, recline; camp, home (dark color: brown, gray) to hone, whet, sharpen fast, hasty, violent to fall fast, hasty, violent to slant, slope; to wag, wave peg, stake, sharp wood/stone chip/piece arm; thigh, shin weasel cudgel, hammer-shaped stick green grass/fodder
kakkaIE IE 3. kelIE 8. kel3. ker(&)IE keleuIE koliIE "k2. s' 2. (s)kel3. (s)kelkol&IE IE $ leiIE k $ ol&mo-s IE k $ lepIE k IE IE 5. kel-
to defecate; dung, excrement to project, tower up; hill to stab, stick, sting to hit, hew, cut down light and dark spots to drive, compel, accelerate, move quickly to call, cry calix, chalice, goblet, beaker to cut to owe, be guilty to dry out to bend; crooked to deceive, dumbfound, enthrall cold; warm, caloric to bow, lean, incline thin shaft, stalk to hide, conceal to help to wander; way, path
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554 554 555 555 556 556 556 556-57 557 557-58 558 558 558-59 559-63 563-64 564 564 564-65 565 565 565 566 566 566 567 567 567-71 571 571-72 572-73 573 573-74 574 574-77 577 577-78 578 578 579 579 579 579-80 580-81 581 581 582 582 582 582 583 583 583-84
kel&u!o-, keleu!okelgkelp-, kl (p1. kem2. kem$ em-, or k $ am1. k $ em2. k $ em3. k $ em(&)4. k kem&-, kom&-, km!kemero-, komero-, kemerokemer1. ken2. ken-, ken&-, keni-, kenu3. ken4. ken$ enk ken&kkeng-, kenk1. kenk2. kenk3. kenk$ enk-, k $ onkk $ ensk kenth(o)$ entk 1. ker-, kor-, kr2. ker3. ker(&)4. ker" r5. ker-?, k# $ er6. ker-, and k 7. ker$ er-, k $ er&- : k $ r!-, k $ erei-, k $ ereu1. k $ er-, k $ er&-, k $ r'2. k $ 3. ker$ er-, and k $ er&- : k $ r'4. k $ erbero-, and kerberok 1. kerd2. kerd$ erdho-, k $ erdh! k $ ered- : k $ erd-, k $ 'rd-, k $r $ redk (d-, k kerem-, krem- : krom-, and kermker&p-, kr'p$ - : kork $ - : kr $kerk (k $ er&-, k $ r!k kermkerno$ '-rok kers$ er(s)1. k $ ers2. k
IE
bald, bare to wind around; windings, intrigue jug, pot, cauldron
IE IE $ emIE (s)k IE IE IE
to squeeze, hem in, press together to hum, buzz, croon horn, pole, stick hornless (normally horned) animal to wrap, cover, conceal to be/make tired bite, piece (plant name)
IE IE genIE IE IE IE $ enkk IE IE IE $! "kIE 2. k IE seng hIE $ reIE k ker&pIE kersIE $ erberok 2. (s)kerIE IE $ r'IE k $ ormenk IE IE $ redIE k IE krem2. kr'p$ r!IE k
u!
armored animal (crab, turtle, etc.) to pinch, press, etc. to rub, scrape, scratch off; ashes to begin, be born, come forth anew; young, recent to strain, strive eagerly void, empty golden, honey-colored peg, handle, (grappling) hook to bind, gird to burn, hurt; dry feeling: thirst, hunger heel, hock, back of knee to hang, sway, dangle to announce, proclaim, speak formally rag, cloth to stab, stick (onomatopoeic: hoarse sound) to cut to burn cherry to hang dirty, dark-colored, etc. to jump, turn horn, head, upper part of body to grow, increase rope, string; to plait, weave to harm, injure; ruined, spoiled checkered, variegated to gird craft, talent; skilled line, row, herd heart onion or garlic; ash (tree) cloth, leather rag; shoe to wrinkle, shrivel up to cook to rest, tire jaw, chin(bone)
$ ei2. k $ er(s)IE 1. k IE 4. kelIE
colorful (or a color term) black, dirty; dark color bristle, stiff hair to run, course
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584-85 585-86 586 586-87 587-88 588-92 592-94 594-95 595 595 595 595-96 596-97 597 597 597 598 598 598 598 598 598 599 599 599 599 599-600 600-2 602 602-3 603 603 603 604 604 604-5 605-7 607 607-8 608 608 608 609-10 610 610 610 610 611 611 611 611-12 612
kert-, ker&t-, kr!tkes$ esk "t-, kotk' 1. keu-, skeu-, lengthened grade k'u2. keu-, keu!&$ eu-, k $ eu!&- : k $ *-, k $ u!!1. k $ eu2. k $ 'u- : k $ *1. k $ 'u- : k $ &u-, k $ *2. k $ eubk " dkeu&d-, k* " p-, and occasionally keu!&p- : ku!'p-, ku!&p-, k* keu!(e)p-, k(e)u!ep$ 'u!ero-, k $ #u!ero-, also sk $ *ro-? k $ eukk $ euk $ -, k $ uk $k kik$ ik1. k $% "k2. k $ $ kiker$ %# $ %s# " n-, k " n-? k $ kiphkist! kl!kl!dhr! klau-
IE kr!tIE ks-enIE IE IE 4. (s)keuIE kau-lIE IE IE 1. skeudIE IE IE
to roll, turn, wind to comb, itch, scratch to cut room, dwelling place to see, hear, observe, hearken, attend to to bend to swell to shine, be bright to sway, totter to burn, light (a re) thorn to cry, shout to boil, cook, smoke north (wind) to glow, shine, be bright white to whirl, mix together jay (bird)
IE
belt, strap, thong to rain, drizzle pea pillar thin exible twig/root basket, plaited container
IE
to lade, place, heap up, lay down alder (tree) to weep to cry, shout, scream to lean, incline, tip (over) to press/squeeze (painfully) weak, slack, feeble, ailing to bend, wind maple (tree) wet, damp to steal, cover, secrete to hold in arms and/or lap hook, crook to hear, listen to clean, rinse, swill hip, buttock to bow, kneel (onomatopoeic: to growl, whimper) nit, louse
kl'g-, kl#g-, kl&g-, klang-, kleg-, kl#g-, kleig-, kleik- IE $ lei$ elk IE 2. k $ kleikklem-, kl'm-, klemkleng-, and klenkklenoklep$ lep-, sk $ lep-? k kl'pkl'u-, also kl.u-?, and kl!u$ leu-, k $ leu!&- : k $ l*1. k $ leu- : *k $ l#[u]- : k $ l*2. k $ klou-niknei-g h-, knei-bkneug$ nid-, sknidknid-, k $ o-, k $ e-, with the particle k $ e, k $ (e)i-, k $ (i)i!ok kobkoi-, ku!%koi-lo$ oi-nok koisko ko, kak(k)-, ku(r)kur$ s! kok kol&- : kl#$ ol&mo-s, k $ ol&m! k IE IE IE 4. (s)kel$ elIE 3. k $ eIE k IE
u!
IE $ leu2. k $ elIE 4. k IE IE $ l'kIE sk IE
this; here to t, fare well, be happy/successful (creaking noise) naked; miserable grass to cure, worry, care for (onomatopoeic: sound of cock/hen) body part: foot, coxa, etc. to spin reed, stalk, stem, culm
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612 612 612-13 613-14 614 614 614 614-15 615 615 615 615 615-16 616 616 616 616 616 616-17 617 617 617 617 617-18 618 618 618 618 618 618 618-19 619 619 619 619 620 620 620 620 620 621 621-22 622 622-23 623 623 623 623-24 624 624 624 624 625 625
")i!kol(' kolikom kon&mo-, kn!mo-, or ken&mo$ onkk $ onkhok $ op(h)elo-s, or k $ ap(h)elo-s k kopso$ ork! k $ ormenk $ ormno-, k $r k (mno$ ormok koro-s, kori!o-s kos(e)lokost$ r! $ r# "po-, k " po-? k $ r!k kr!t"kr![u]- : kr&u- : kr* $ $ $ 2kre-, krei-, kr ( $ r'k kreb$ rebh-, k $ r# $ rembh" bh-, k k kred$ redk 1. kreg-, and kerg-? 2. kreg1. krei2. krei-, kreig-, kreik$ reik 1. krek2. krek-, kr (k3. krek"k- : krok4. kr' krem1. krep-, kr (p2. krep1. kr'p2. kr'p1. kret2. kret1. kreu-, kreu&- : kr*-, kreus-, krus2. kreu3. kreu-, krou-s4. kreukreupkreu-t-, kreu-dh-? kromkr(o)k-sko$ r*sk " tkr* $ ks!kseip-, kseibks-en-, ks-es-, ks-eu-
IE 5. (s)ku!elIE IE IE IE
glue young dog/animal at, by, cum, with, alongside shinbone to doubt, vacillate conch, clam(shell), mussel (type of carp) blackbird grit, gravel
6. kerIE IE 1. karIE IE IE $ er&k kertIE kreb$ er4. k 2. kregIE $ eredk 2. kreiIE 3. krekIE IE IE 2. krepkeremIE 4. kreu4. (s)kerIE IE IE IE 5. (s)kerIE
weasel corrosive liquid: lye, wine, urine, etc. harm, pain, torment, suffering war, army, warrior hazel (tree) leg, bone, costa roof to cook, mix to roll, turn, wind to heap up, pile together; heap; roof (hoarse sound) to harm, injure; ruined, spoiled (hoarse sound) to entrust beams heart to torment (hoarse sound) to brush, stroke, touch (hoarse sound) to appear, show forth to hit roe, sh/frog spawn (hoarse sound) to tower, jut out; beams onion or garlic; ash (tree) form; corpse, body (hoarse sound) rm, strong cloth, leather; shoe to shake to hit raw esh, thick/clotting blood; ice, crust to crash, collapse, fall down to push, hit, break (hoarse sound) scab to shake, move visibly lattice, framework, wooden fence, etc. arm leg, shank, thigh
IE $ s' "-rok kes-
breast, belly; vault, protuberance to burn to toss, throw to comb, itch, scratch
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625 625 625 626 626 626 626-27 627 627 627 627 627-28 628 628 628-29 629 629 630 630 630 630 631 631 631-32 632 632 632-33 633 634 635 635 635-36 636 636 636-37 637-38 638 638-39 639-40 640 640 640-41 641 641 641-42 642 642
$ s' "-rok kseubhkseud$ 1eik k1'(i)-, k1&(i)ku-, kus$ *k $* " dhk kuku $ upk ku!akku!at(h)$ u!ei-, k $ u!ei-no1. k $ u!ei2. k $ uei-, extended kuei-d-, kuei-s-, kuei-t3. k $ u!ek-, nasalized k $ u!enk- : k $ ukk $ ku!elku!el&k-, or kel&k-, kol&k1. ku!elp-, ku!elb- : ku( !lp/b- : klup/b2. ku!elp$ u!enk $ u!endh-ro-, -nok ku!erp-, also ku!erb$ u!es-, k $ usk " tku!'t-, ku!&t- : k* ku!oi-, ku!%$ u!on-, k $ unk ku!res-, ku!ers-, ku!r (skha kha k alo-s k as-i!o-, -lo1. k e 2. ku!e"d-, ku!# " dku!' 1. ku!ei(-t)2. ku!eik ei!&-, k ii!'$ -, k #k $ -, k ek $ -sk ek 1. ku!el-, ku!el&2. ku!el3. ku!elku!emk ene k enth1. ku!er2. ku!erku!eruu! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u! u!
$ s!IE k
dry, xeric, bright (of weather) to sway, swing, totter to grind, stamp to little pieces
IE IE IE
to settle to gain, acquire, possess to kiss sharp, pointed; pike, stake dirt, dung
IE IE IE IE IE
(onomatopoeic: to coo, cuckoo) shoulder (onomatopoeic: to quack, croak) to ferment, become sour dirt, mud; to dele to hiss, twitter, whistle, etc. to shine; white to gape muddy
2. ku!elpIE IE ku!el&kIE IE IE " tIE (s)k* IE
bale, bundle to stumble, buckle at the knees; to trot to curve, vault to celebrate; saint (type of plant) to turn, wind to pant, puff, sigh, wheeze to shake, winnow to want, wish for hound, dog small wood, trees (laughter)
(s)k alo-s
u!
u!
(big sh) basket, plaited work
IE k ene ku!oIE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE
(enclitic) and (indenite/interrogative pronoun) to bore, drill, prick, stab to observe with respect, pay attention to to stow, gather, pile up to rest comfortably; quiet, peaceful, tranquil to see, show, appear to turn; wheel; neck? far away crowd, herd, swarm to gulp, sip, swallow
1. k e IE IE (s)ku!erIE
u!
(particle: uncertainty, generalization) to suffer, endure to do, make, form dish, pot to chew, grind
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642-44 644-48 648 649 649 649 649 650-51 651 651 652 652 652 652 652 652 652-53 653 653 653 653-54 654 654 654-55 655 655 655 655-57 657 658 658 658-59 660 660 660-61 661 661-62 662-64 664-65 665 665 666 666 666 667 667 667-68 668 668 669 669
" r-, ku! tur- (masc.), ku!etes(o)r- (fem.) IE ku!etu!er-, ku!etu!# e ku!o-, ku!e-, fem. ku!!, ku!eik reik r (miku!sepku!1eiku!!s- : ku!&s1. l!-, and l'2. l!lab-, and labh-, lap(h)labh"ghl! l!g hlailaidh-, lidhlaiu!ol![i]p-, l&ip-, l&plak$lak lakul!m! l!plaslatl!ulauk(o)-, l&ukl'"b-, l# " b-, l!b-, l bl' e 1. leg2. leg$leg legh$ (h)- : l&g $ (h)1. l'g $ h- : l&g $ h2. l'g leg h"i-, lek1. l' 2. lei3. lei"i4. l' 1. l'[i]- : l&i2. l'(i)3. l'(i)leibhleid1. leig-, and leik-, better oleig-, oleik"ig-, l%g2. l' 3. leig-, loig$4. leig-, leig $ h-, sleig $ hleig 1. leik2. leiku! u! u! u!
four, fourth (indenite/interrogative pronoun) to buy grub, worm, maggot dark
IE 2. ku!eIE
gu!h/ei(&)IE IE l'IE IE lakIE rabhl!g h"g (s)l! IE IE IE labIE IE

u! u!
to destroy, perish to cough (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.) to be hidden, covered, latent to lap, lick, smack (the lips), etc. to grab, hold, seize to cut; cutting tool to grab, seize fat, lard to cut, hurt, injure (on the) left to burn, shine to lap, lick to spot, sprinkle (water in) lake, pond, ditch, etc. swamp, puddle cow
IE IE IE (s)leug3. l'uIE (s)lebIE IE $ hIE 2. l'g IE leghIE 2. leikIE 1. leig"iIE 4. l' IE 1. lendhIE IE 3. l'(i)IE l's 1. leipIE IE 1. leikIE IE IE IE 2. leit(h)IE 8. el-
greedy, covetous wet, damp; swamp to acquire (as booty), enjoy something jaw; throat (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.) lip; to slump, hang down slackly to leak, drip, dribble, ooze out to worry to gather, collect to lie, recline, set down branch, twig to crawl; low to move easily to ex, bend to dissipate, disappear; thin, weak slimy; to slip, glide to pour to want, wish to grant/acquire possession to weaken, leave behind; feeble to smear, stick to play, joke needy, miserable form, appearance; like, similar to hop, jump, tremble to tie, bind, ligate to lick to offer for sale to bend
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669-70 670-71 671 671 672 672 672-73 673 673 673-74 674 674 675 675 675 675 676 676 676-77 677 677-78 678 678 679 679 679 680 680 680 680 681 681 681-82 682-83 683 683 683-84 684 684-85 685 685-86 686 686 686-87 687 687-90 690-91 691 691 691 691-92 692 692 693
leiku!1. leip2. leipleis1. leit2. leit(h)leizd-, loizd1. lek-? : lok2. lek- : lek-, and l'k- : l&k1. l'k- : l&k2. l'k- : l&k1. lem2. lem1. lendh2. lendh3. lendhlenglenghlenklento1. lep2. lep3. lepl'p-, l#p-, l&plerdlerglesl's : l&sleto-, l'ti-, l'to-, l#tol'to-, l&toletro"1. leu-, *leu!&- : l* 2. leu1. l'u2. l'u- : l&u3. l'u-, or l!uleubhleud1. leudh2. leu-dh1. leug2. leu-g- : lu-g- : l*-g$leug 1. leugh2. leugh-, lughleukleup-, and leub-, leubhl'ut- : l*tl" %-no$log lorg!-, lorgilou-, lou!&" s, genitive luu!-s l* 1. m!-
IE IE leibhIE IE IE 2. elIE IE r (ks! IE IE IE (s)leidhIE IE lenkIE lengIE IE IE lorg!IE 2. l'(i)IE IE 3b. pelIE 2. leu-gIE leupIE IE 1. l!IE IE IE 6. elIE 1. leuIE IE IE IE 2. leuIE lergIE IE
to leave, relinquish to smear (with fat), stick to desire, request, wish for to furrow; learn to loathe, detest, abhor; violate to die, go away edge, fringe, hem to blame, scold, reprove joint, leg, body member; to bend, wind tendril; trap to lacerate, tear to pieces to break, crush to pieces; lame, fragile astonishment (with the notion of wide open jaws) spring (of water), wetness hip, loins; kidney heath, steppe, open land to sway, bend oneself to scold, scorn to bend lithe, exible, pliable (onomatopoeic root) to ay, peel, skin rock, stone at to twist, shrivel up even, smooth, slippery to lease, collect, pick up weak, slack, feeble heat, burning, anger daytime; summer, warm season leather dirt to free, cut off, separate to leave behind stone (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.) to love, like, care for to lout, bend over, duck down; bent, little, etc. to grow up; free; people to go, move, drive to bend blackish; swamp to break to lie, belie, prevaricate oath to light, shine; see to lift, peel, cut/break off, etc. angry, raging, wrathful ax, linen rod, twig stick, club to lave, wash louse to beckon, wave (hand); deceive
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693 694 694-95 695 696 696-97 697 697 697 698 698 698 698 699 699 699 699 699-700 700 700 700 700 700-1 701 701-2 702 702-3 703 703 703-4 704 704-5 705-6 706 706-7 707 707 708-9 709 710 710 710 711 711 711-12 712-13 713 713 714 714 714 715 715 715-16
2. m!3. m! madmagh- : m!ghmaghos $mag $ hmag 1. mai2. mai-, moi-? mak"k1. m! 2. m!k"k(en)m! $ o-, or mok $ -omak $ - : m&k $m!k makh-o-s mandm!-no-, m!-nimanu-s, or monu-s marko1. math-, or moth2. matm!trmau-romazdo-s 1. me2. me1. m'2. m'-, m-e-t3. m'-, m-e-t4. m'-, m#5. m'-, m#-, m&1. med2. medmedhi-, medhi!omdhu "ghm' $ (h)- : m g $ (h)meg e 1. mei2. mei3. mei4. mei5. mei-, mi-neu6. mei-, mei!u-, min(u)-, mim(ei)7. m'i- : m#i- : m%meigh-, also meik$ hmeig mei-g $ -, and mei-g $ -? mei-k mei-nomeis1. meit(h)2. mei-t(h)meku!
IE IE m!trIE IE IE IE 2. m!kIE IE IE IE IE IE men(&)k-
timely, opportune ma, mama (nursery words) to drip; wet; fat, glossy, well-fed to help, be able; might, power maiden, young person to knead, press, stroke to ght, struggle to maim, hew, cut with sharp instrument to smudge, stain skin, leather bag wet, damp; to soak to knead, press poppy y, gnat
IE mendIE IE IE IE IE IE 3. m! IE $IE eg IE medhiIE 1. amIE metIE 1. medIE IE IE m'n#t IE IE 2. meIE IE IE IE 4. meiIE mei-g IE IE 1. meiIE mekIE meisIE $IE mei-k IE 2. mei-t(h)IE meighIE 2. mei"1. m*
u!
long and slender bold, wild, frisky, unbridled pen/hurdle of plaited rods/twigs wet, damp man, human being mare, horse moth, harmful insect club, hoe, mattock mother tired, weak; dark mast, pole me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem) by, with, amidst, around (prohibitive particle: lest, that not) to mow, reap to measure big, important to be intent; of strong will to mete, allot; medicate, give advice to swell middle mead, honey friendly, well-disposed big, much, great, major, megato mure, repair, strengthen; pole to change, mutate, exchange to go, wander to tie, bind to lessen, diminish; small, minor (onomatopoeic: high thin sound) mild, soft to icker, twinkle; mist to micturate, urinate to (ex)change to mix, mash, stir view, opinion, intention to icker, twinkle; mist place to stay to commute, (ex)change (onomatopoeic: to bleat)
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716-19 719-20 720 720 720 720-21 721 721-22 722 722 722-23 723 723-24 724 724 724 725 725 725 725 726 726 726-28 728-29 729 729 729-30 730 730 730-31 731 731 731-32 732 732-33 733 733-34 734 735 735-37 737-38 738 738 738 738 738 738-39 739 739-40 740 740-41 741
1. mel-, also smel-, mel&- : ml'-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, " - IE mel-dh-, ml-'i- : ml" %-, mel&-k- : ml!-k-, ml'u- : ml* 2. mel3. mel4. mel5. mel6. mel-, mel&7. mel8. mel-, mel&- : ml#1. meldh2. meldh"lg $ -, or mel&g $ -? m' $ hmelg meli-t, genitive mel-ns 1. melk2. melk-, melgm'lo-, sm'lomel#dh-, mol&dh-, mol&dhmelsmembhm'mso-, m'(m)s-ro1. men2. men3. men4. men5. menmend-, mond-, mn ( d-? mend! mendhmen(e)gh-, mon(e)gh-, mn ( ghmen(&)kmengmeniIE 4. menm'n#t, genitive m'neses, from which m'nes-, m'ns-, IE 3. m'm's-, m'n1. menth-, meth2. menth1. mer2. mer3. mer-, mor-(u-) 4. mer-, mer&5. mer-, mer&6. mer-, mer-smer&dh-, mr!dh$mereg meregh$1. merg $2. merg meri!o$merk $ -, mer&k-, mer&g $1. merk-, merg 2. merk-, morkm&-r, genitive m&-n-s, mn ( ts metIE 5. mer$IE 1. merg IE IE IE 1. merk$merk IE $IE 2. merg 2. merksmerdIE 2. amIE IE IE monoIE 5. menIE meniIE 3. menmandIE IE IE $IE mag IE IE 2. menthIE IE IE 1. melk4. melIE "lg $m' IE IE IE IE $ hIE melg IE IE 2. smel-
to mill, grind; ne, ground to deceive to hesitate big, strong limb; to join dark color (black, dirty, etc.) wool, woolen garment to appear, come forth to utter ritual words (to deity) lightning to milk, pluck, wipe off to swell honey to rub, stroke wet small animal head; elevation to taste to reproach meat, esh to rise, mount, tower to press, step on, tread down to think; mind, spiritual activity to diminish; small to stay, remain, stand still to feed, suck(le); breast aw, defect, mistake to direct attention to; vivacious many, copious, abundant, excessive to knead to make pretty, beautiful minnow (or other type of sh) month; moon to stir, swirl, mix up to chew, eat to plait, weave; rope to icker, shimmer to blacken; dark color, dirt spot to die to rub, wipe; pack, rob to anger, bother, disturb, etc. to boil, bubble up march, edge, border, frontier to soak, moisten, drizzle to wipe off to grab, seize young man/woman to grab, seize to rot vexed, sullen hand to reap, measure
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741-43 743 743 743-44 744-45 745 745 745-46 746 746 746 746-47 747 747 747 747 747-48 748 748-49 749 749 749 750 750 750 750 750 750 750-51 751-52 752 752 752-53 753 754 754 754 754 754 755 755 755-56 756 756-58 758 758 758 758 758-59 759 759 760 760 760
"1. meu-, meu!&- : m* 2. meu!-, meu!&m'udh-, m&udh-, m*dh1. meug2. meug-, meuk$meuk meu-s1. mezg2. mezgmizdhm#-, mo-lom#d- : m&d-, or m!d- : m&dmodhro-, or madhromoiso-s, or maiso-s $ s, Indo-Iranian *mok $ s* " mok molkomonomori, m#ri mormor-, murmurmormo(ro)moromoru" !%mo[u]-lo- : m*-lom#[u]-ro- : m*-romoz-g-o-, moz-g-en-, mos-k-o$ ho-s mozg mrkmregh-m(n)o$ hu-, mr $ humreg (g " 1. m*2. m*-, mus" km* m*s mut-o-s 1. n!2. n!n!g hnaknana, nena nantnas1. n!us2. n!u- : n&u- : n*1. n., n', nei 2. ne, n' "s-, n# " s3. ne-, n#-, plural n' 1. nebh2. nebh1. ned- : ned2. nednedo$ hneg 1. nei-, nei&- : n%2. nei-, nei&-, n%u!
IE IE meu-sIE IE m*s IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE 1. menIE IE IE IE
wet, damp; to wash; dirt, mud, mire to move, push away to complain, care about, be intent to lie in wait, take by surprise; wily to slip, slide; meek to tear, slit, scratch to steal to dive, plunge, immerse to bind, knit, knot, attach fee, pay, meed, reward to strain, trouble oneself to meet, approach blue; madder sheep; hide, pelt, leatherwork soon pouch, leather bag neck; mane mere, sea to murmur (dully) fear, dread, horror murrey, mulberry, blackberry maur, mire, ant root, plant crazy, stupid
IE IE IE IE IE 6. meiIE IE 2. meu!IE IE
brain young cattle more, carrot, edible root brain, skull brief, short (onomatopoeic: to moo, hum, etc.) y, gnat, midge, muscid, mosquito heap, etc. mouse; muscle trimmed, stunted, circumcised, mutilated to help, be useful to be afraid, ashamed sober? fur, pelt
IE IE IE IE IE IE no"IE 1. u!' IE sn!IE 2. ner-
(nursery word: mother, nana, etc.) to dare, risk nose boat, ship death; corpse (negative particle: no, etc.) that (enclitic particle) we to burst wet, damp; clouds; water to net, bind, connect, roll up, twist together to roar, sound, bellow reed to bore, pierce, stab, stick to lead
IE
to be moved, excited; to shine
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760 760 761 761 761 761 762 762-63 763-64 764 764 765 765-66 766 766-67 767 767 767 767 768 768 768 768-69 769 769 769 769 770 770 770 770 770 771 771 771 772 772 772 772 772-73 773 773 773 773 774 774 774 774 775 775 775-77 777
3. nei-, ni1. neid2. neid- : nidneig neikn'ik- : n%k- : nik$nek neku!-(t-), noku!-t-s 1. nem2. nemnep#t1. ner(-t)-, aner-, &ner-? 2. ner3. nernesni-, nein'-tr-, n&-tr1. neu2. neuneu-dneu-dhneukneu-ks-, neu-sneu!os, neu!i!os niz-dononog -, nog od(h)o-, nog -nonog o-, or nag onoku!-(t-) n#mn ( n#t-, n&t"n* n ( dhos, n ( dheri n ( sin ( si-s 1. o 2. # obhelobhi1. od2. od" d(e)go-, or # " d(e)gu!o# #g-, &goioidoi-no-, oi-u!ooiu!! ok$ t#(u) ok $ -s #k ok ol-(e-)
u! u! u! u! u! u! u!
IE ni-
in to scold, shame, abuse to ow; stream
IE IE IE 1. ankIE noku!-(t-) IE IE IE IE IE 3. nern'-trIE 1. en IE (s)n'IE IE IE
to wash to winnow (grain) to rail, ght, assault death, dying, necrosis; corpse night to nim, take, give, count, apportion to bend nephew; grandchild vital force; man below, under to penetrate; hiding place, hollow to unite; be concealed in snake, adder to call, praise to push (someone); to nod to grasp, make use of to lust, desire, yearn for dark, unclear, indistinct
IE "IE n* sedenoIE IE neku!-(t-) en(o)mn (IE IE e-neu!en IE IE " 1. ' IE 2. ' IE opi IE 2. odIE 1. odIE oi-noIE aidIE 3. e"i 2. ' IE oku!$ -s IE #k $IE 2. ak IE okIE
to scent, smell, sniff new nest that nude, naked tree night name rump, nates, backside now under black, dirty sword to, with O (vocative particle) to sweep; multiply to, from, around, etc. to smell hatred, disgust, odium, aversion stem, stalk to grow; fruit, berry (pronoun stem) to swell; strong (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.) (vocative particle) to consider eight, octad quick(ly) to see, ogle; eye to destroy
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777-78 778 778 778 779 779 779 779 780 780 781 781 781 781-82 782 782 782 782 782 783 783 783-84 784 784-85 785 785-86 786 787 787-88 788 788 789 789 789 789 789 789 790 790 790 790-92 792 792-93 793-94 794-95 795 795 796 796 796 796-97 797 798
omom(e)so-s om&ond-, n ( donerong-, better angongu!ono-, and on&-, also (o)no-donogh- : ongh-, nogh-, Celtic n ( gh-, ongh-li1. op2. opopi #r-, &rorbhooreu!-, ereu$ hi-, r $ hiorg (g orgort" s-en-, os-k*#s, #s-i-s, # ost(h)-, ost(h)i, ost(h)r ((g), oblique ost(h)-(e)noug-, ou-? #(u!)i!-om u!i-s 1. #us- : &us2. #us- : &us- : usozdo-s ozghop!- : p&-, and p!-t- : p&-t$ -, and p! "k "g $p! "np! pando-s pank-, pangpap(p)a "rp! par%k! p!s-s pastopausp!uson-, p*son"d-, p# " d1. p' "d-, p# " d2. p' " k-speg- : pog- : p#g-, p# p'(i)-, p%"pei!(&)-, p% 1. peig-, and peik$$ -, and peik 2. peig pei-m(i)1. peis-? : pis2. peis-, speispeisk-, pisk$ -, p'k $ -, p#k $1. pek $2. pek pek u!
IE IE am&IE IE IE IE IE ambhi IE 5. arIE
raw, coarse, bitter shoulder to suffer; rm up, proceed energetically rock, stone dream coal to anoint to scold, abuse, revile claw, (nger/toe) nail to work, perform, operate, bring about to opt, choose, opine, suggest at, by to call, speak, talk, orate weak, abandoned; slave, orphan entrails
IE 3. perIE IE ast(h)IE au!eiIE IE IE IE IE 1. penIE pn ( kstiIE sp(h)'1. petba"bIE p&t-(r) IE IE IE IE 3. peuIE IE IE IE IE peiskIE IE IE IE IE IE pei!(&)IE $IE plek IE
testicle to hit, kill vine ash (tree) os, bone cold egg, ovum ewe, sheep os, mouth ear branch bud, sprout, twig to feed, graze, pasture to repair, strengthen pane, panel, woven fabric crooked to swell papa (nursery word); food, meal to show, be visible concubine a relative rm, fast, solid to free, let loose (name of a deity) to hold; vat, vessel, container foot hip, side, shoulder to hurt, scold, shame fat; milk colored, speckled to be hostile swift, quick, rapid, nimble to grind, trample to blow, zz sh to be joyful, make pretty to eece; fee, cattle to cook
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798-801 801-2 802 802-3 803-4 804 804 804-5 805 805-7 807 807 807 807 807-8 808 808-9 809-10 810-16 816-17 817 818 818 818-19 819 819-20 820 820 820 820 820-21 821 821-22 822-23 823 823 823 823-24 824 824 824-25 825-26 827 827 827 827 828 828 828 829 829 830 830
1. pel-, pel&-, pl'2a. pel-, pel&- : pl!2b. pel-, pel-en-, pel-t-, pel-u!3a. pel3b. pel-, pel&-, pl'4. pel5. pel6. pel"7. pel-, pol-, pl'-, pl# pel&-, pl!peli-s-, pel-s$ - : polk $pelk pelpo-, or polpo1. pen2. pen-, pen-kopenk e pent1. per-, per&- : pr'-, preu2a. per2b. per-, per&2c. per-, per&2d. per2e. per3. per-, per-gperd1. perg2. perg1. perk-, prek2. perk- : pr (k$1. perk $ -, prek $2. perk $ -, pr $ 3. perk k ( $ -, prek $ -, pr $4. perk (k perk u-s perspersn!, persn" %-, persnoperth"s1. p' 2. p's-, nasalized p'ns3. pes-, pesos 1. pet-, pet-, pet&2. pet-, pet&- : pt'-, pt#-, Hellenic pt!"1. peu-, peu!&- : p* 2. peu3. peu"p'u- : p&u- : p* $ $peuk-, and peug peu!&" r, genitive pu-n-s, locative puu!ni peu!#r, p* pezdp&t-(r), genitive p&tr-s pidpik(h)ou! u!
IE pleuIE 3a. pelIE IE 4. pelIE letro2a. pelIE IE IE IE 1. pl!-kIE IE IE p!IE IE IE $IE 2. perk "IE pr# IE IE IE IE IE orgIE pezdIE
to pour, ll; full, plenary; town? to drive, propel, set in motion dust, powder; meal, our to fold to wrap, cover; cloth; fell, pelt dish, vessel to earn, sell gray, dull color; pallor to burn, be warm plane, at, wide, broad fell, rock to turn, bend woodwork to feed mud, fen, swamp, water; wet ve, fth to go, walk, pad, tread; way, path to spray, sprinkle, drizzle to pass over/beyond to fare, ferry, transport, go/carry over to sell, impart to bear (a child) to dare, risk, try; peril, danger to hit, kill to fart, break wind (loudly) pole, stem, trunk fear; to frighten to ll up coals, glowing ash breast, rib cage
IE 2. (s)p(h)er$ o-s IE pork IE IE IE IE 2. p's"s1. p' IE IE pando-s IE IE IE "1. p* "IE 3. p* IE "2. p* IE IE p%zd!IE appa IE
spotted, speckled to open, dig out, rip up; furrow to request, ask/pray for oak to spray, sprinkle, drizzle; dust, ashes heel pole, stick to blow dust, sand penis to stretch out (esp. arms) to fall, tumble down to sift, clean, purge, purify to repute, explore, understand foam, froth to hit; sharp to pink, stab, stick to rot, stink re to break wind (softly) father to bear, give birth? knot, lump
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830 830 830 831 831 831-32 832-33 833-34 834 834 834-35 835 835-37 837 837-38 838 838 838 838-39 839 839 839-40 840-41 841 841-42 842 842 842-43 843 843-44 844 845 845 845 845-46 846 846 846 846 846 846-47 847 847-48 848-49 849 849 849 850 850 851 851 851 851
pi-lopi-np" %p(p)p%zd!plab-
IE "i1. (s)p(h)' IE IE 2. bhesIE
hair, pile, pilus piece of wood to peep, squeak vulva to babble, prattle, etc. at, wide, broad; spread out to hit, beat, ing at, wide, broad; spread out to cut, split off bald, bare, naked to ply, pleach, plait, weave to ay, peel, rip, tear off to ee, y, run; ow, swim oc, hair, feather lung to pluck, deplume, pull out; plucked hair/feathers to broaden, show off (wooden object) to pant, breathe st to graze, pasture to bib, drink big, fat, thick, swollen porker, pig(let) about, around; by, beside; in front of against, opposite, toward host, husband, lord, master, owner few, small, little; young (of animals) pure, clear to bend to like, feel friendly/well-disposed greedy, covetous; willful, violent to catch sight of to understand to hop, jump to burn, freeze to granulate, reduce to small pieces to pass over/beyond rump, backside leek, onion, garlic to sneeze (type of tree, e.g. poplar/popple) to blow (up) to rot, stink to hit; sharp thick-haired to enclose, press together (stiff) hair grain, kernel to cut, split, tear off; board to rush, act rashly, push away, etc. to fall to blow (up)
" -k-, plei-k-, and pel&-g- : 1. pl!-k- : pl&-k-, ple-k- : pl# IE 2. pl!kpl!-g- : pl&-g"t2. pl!k-, pl!g-, also pl'k-, pl'gIE pl! "t-, pl! "d-, pl' "t-, pl# " t-, pl&tpl! pl'-, pl&pl'i-, pl&i-, pl%$plek $ -, pl&k $ -, and pl'ik $ -, pl%k $pl'k pleupleukpl(e)u-mon-, pleu-ti!opleuspl&i-, pl&uplouto-, plutopneupn ( ksti1. p#(i)- : p&i-? : p%2. p#(i)- : p%-, and (from p#-), popolo- : p#lo$ o-s pork pos po-ti poti-s "p#u- : p&u- : p* pougo-, or poughopr!pr!i-, pr&i-, pr%-, pripregprep" tpret-, pr# preupreuspr%s"pr# $ to- : pr&k $ topr#k pr (sopster-, pstereuptel(e)i!! " -, peu-, pou-, also phu1. p* " - : peu!&2. p* "3. p* " k-, peuk1. p* $2. puk pu-lop*-rophelpher" lph# phuIE IE IE IE IE IE IE 2a. perIE IE IE IE phuIE peu!&p'uIE IE IE 1. (s)p(h)el1. sp(h)erIE 2. b(e)uIE IE IE $"k IE p! IE IE IE $IE 3. perk IE apoIE pl&i$IE pl'k $IE 2. pek IE phelIE pl(e)u-monIE IE 1. pelIE pel&-
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852 852 852 853 853 853 853 853 853 853 853 853 853 854 854 854 854-57 857 857 857-59 859 859-60 860 860 860 860 860 860 861 861-62 862 862 862 862 863 863 863 863 864 864 864-65 865 865 865 865 866 866 866 866 867-68 868-71 871 871 871-72
rabh-, or rebh- : rebhr!p-, r'p"sr! 1. r'-, r&-, extended r'-dh"-, extended r'-dh2. r' 3. r'4. r'5. r'6. r'1. rebh2. rebhred-, rod1. r'd2. r'd- : r#d- : r&d1. reg-, and sreg-? 2. reg$1. reg $ -, rek-? $ -, rek 2. reg reg os1. rei2. rei-, roi3. rei-, r'(i)4. rei- : r'i5. rei1. r'i- : r%2. r'i-, r#ireibhreidreidh$reig-, or reig $ -, r'ig $reig rei!&-, r%reikrei-r('i)r'ito-, r'iti1. rek"k2. r' $ $rek-, reg $ 1hrek rem-, rem&remb-, romb-, rombrendhrentrep1. r'p-, rep-? 2. r'p-, r&pr's-, r#sret(h)r't-, r#t-, r&t"1. reu-, r'u-, r* "2. reu-, reu!&- : r* 3. reu-, reu-s4. reureu-b-, and reu-gu!
IE labhIE IE 1. r'iardi1. er&2. er&3. reirei!&IE eredIE IE IE IE $IE reig IE "reb(h)IE ' IE reigIE IE reibhIE reid2. ar3. ar1. reureikIE IE roi-no$IE 1. reg 2. reu1. rekIE IE remIE $ 1o-s 3 (k IE 5. reiIE IE IE IE 2. ere-sIE IE IE 6. r'IE 3. reu3. er1. ereuIE
to rage, be furious rape (plant), turnip to cry, (re)sound to count, compute separate to row; oar to rest, be still dark to cry to move, hurry about to roof, thatch to ow to excite, cheer up, be joyful to gnaw, scrape, scratch to dye to see to regulate, make just/right; king, reign damp; rain darkness to cut, reap, rive, tear, scratch spotted, speckled, brightly variegated to cry, scream, bellow, etc. thing, possession to support to count, arrange nut (onomatopoeic: to resound?) to support, lean against to ride, go (in vehicle) to rig, tie, bind to reach, stretch out to ow, move to stretch oneself; pole (onomatopoeic: to quake, tremble) joint, shoulder (of animals) to project, tower up; pole to reck, reckon, arrange, prepare to bind to harm, injure to rest; to support to hack, hoe to rend, rip, tear to pieces thing? to grab, rip out, ravish to creep, crawl pole, stake, beam, rafter to ow to run, roll, rotate pole, rood; stem, stick, trunk (onomatopoeic: to roar, rout, round, etc.) to open, tear out, dig/rip up, etc. to hasten to search to belch, eruct, retch, vomit
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872-73 873 873 873 873-74 874 874 874 874 874 875 875 876 876-77 877 878 878 878-79 879 879-80 880 880 880 880 880-81 881-82 882-84 884-87 887 887-88 888-89 889 889 889-91 891-92 892 893 893-94 894 894-95 895-96 896 896-97 897-98 898 898-99 899 899 900 900 900-1 901
reudhreugh-m(e)nreusreu-smenreuto-, routo-, rutreu!&- : r*rezgroi-norughi!oruk(k)-, rouk(k)r (ks! $ 1o-s 3 (k s!-, s&s!gs!isaipsak1. sal2. sal"los! s!no-s sap-, sabsasi!os!-tisaus-, sus, u!el-, s!u!ol-, suu!l-, su!el-, s*ls! sesed1. seg2. seg-, nasalized seng$ h-, seg $ hi-, seg $ huseg sei-, soi1. s'(i)2. s'(i)- : s&i- : s%-, s'- : s&-, and sei- : si3. s'(i)-, s&i- : s%-, and sei- : si"dh-, and s&dhs'[i]dh- : s% "k"ik-, s% s' seik seip-, seib1. sek"k2. s' 3. s'k1. seku!2. seku!1. sel2. sel-, su!el3. sel4. sel5. sel6. sel-, sel&- : sl!$selg selku!
IE IE IE IE IE 1. reiu!rughi!oIE 2. lek$ 1hIE rek IE s!no-s IE IE IE IE IE 2. salIE 1. salIE s!-tiIE s!IE IE 2. su!elIE seni"sIE ' 1. s'(i)IE IE IE seiku!IE 2. s'(i)IE 3. s'kIE si!'[u]-roIE IE seipIE seiIE (s)k(h)edIE 1. segIE 2. seku!IE 1. seku!IE IE 4. su!elIE IE IE soloIE IE 8. u!el-
red ream, cream? elm (tree) to chew, ruminate; throat, rumen stomach, intestines (of an animal) to ream, open; wide, roomy to plait, weave, wind hill, road rye yarn; fabric fetlock; tether bear (animal) enough, satiate, sufcient to seek, track, trail pain, illness; sore fence, stall, enclosure to sacrice, sanctify, make a treaty sal, salt; brackish water gray, dirty, sallow wavy sane, healthy? to taste, savvy, perceive (type of grain) satiated sere, dry Sol, sun self, one's own to sit, set, settle to sow (seed) to attach, tack on to possess, hold fast, persevere, overcome; victory to drip, be damp to sift to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall to bind, strap, tie to aim at, strive for to grip, reach for to spill, pour out to sift, pour out to run off, dry out (re: water) to cut, section, dissect to abate; lazy, quiet to segue, follow to see, notice; show, say, speak salon, dwelling place sill, beam, board to grab, seize, take to jump, leap, spring, exult to creep, crawl lucky, favorable; luck to pour out, set free, send/throw away to pull, drag; sulcus, furrow
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901 901 901-2 902-5 905 905-6 906 906 906 906-7 907 907 907-8 908 909 909 909-10 910 910-11 911 911-12 912 912 912-13 913-14 914 914-15 915 915 915 915 915-16 916 916-17 917 917-18 918 918 918-19 919 919-22 922 922-23 923-27 927 927 928 928 929 929 929 929-30 930
selosselp1. sem2. sem3. sems'misen-, sene-, sen(e)u-, sen&sendhroseng sengu!hseni-, senu-, seni-, sn ( -tersenksen(o)sentsepseptm ( 1. ser2. ser3. ser-, sor4. ser5. ser-, extended serpserkserp1. seu-, se &- : s*"2. seu-, seu!&-, s* 3. seu- : su-, seu!&- : s*4. seu-, seu-tseugseu!&-, s*seu!i!osi!'[u]-ro- : si!&-ur(i!o)si!*-, s%u!skabh-, skambh(s)k!i(s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t$ !i-, sk $ &i- : sk $ %sk (s)kamb-, and (s)kemb(s)kand-, (s)kend(s)k(h)ed-, (s)k(h)e-n-d$ edsk "isk' "i-bh-, nasalized ski-m-bhsk' (s)kek-, skeg1. (s)kel2. (s)kel3. (s)kel4. (s)kel-, extended kl!-, kl#5. (s)k el-, (s)kel$ el(s)k skhel$ em(s)k (s)ken-(d-) skendhu! u! u!
IE IE IE IE IE IE sneubhIE IE $ ensIE k IE suIE IE IE IE IE IE sr-edhIE IE IE IE IE IE IE s*-ro" -s IE s* seu!i!oIE IE "(i)su!' si!*IE soi-toIE $ !iIE sk IE IE 4. k!i-dIE kambkand"iIE sk' IE 1. (s)kelIE IE (s)ken-(d-) IE 9. kelIE 10. kelIE 11. kel2. gal-
sea, lake, swamp salve, fat, butter to draw, pour, scoop one, some, together summer half, semito prepare, work on clotted, coagulated; uid, melted, etc. to sink, sag, fall to sing for oneself; sundry, separate to singe, burn, dry old, senile, senior to send, go, choose direction; to sense to honor, care for, concern oneself with seven to ow, stream to serve, guard, protect, shelter red to insert, line up, put/bind together sickle to fence; hedge, plaited work to creep, crawl sop, soup, juice, liquid to bear (a child); son to bend, turn to seethe, boil sad, sick, grievous, aficted to leave behind? (to the) left brother-in-law to sew to support bright, shining to cuff, kick to shine/shimmer dully; shadow to bend, curve, hump to glow; bright to crush, shatter, split to pieces to cover to cut, skive, exscind, separate to limp; slanting to jump, spring, move quickly; shake to cut, halve to owe, be guilty to parch, dessicate, dry out to bend; crooked to call, resound to jump, spring to stumble
$ emIE 2. k IE 6. sk'u(-t)IE
deformed, disabled, mutilated; hornless to skin, ay, split off to dive, plunge
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930 930 930-33 933 933-35 935-38 938-47 947 947 947-48 948-49 949 949-50 950 950 950-51 951-53 953 954 954 954 954-55 955 955 955-56 956 956-57 957 957 957 957-58 958 958 958 958 959 959 959-60 960 960 960-61 961 961-62 962 962-63 963-64 964 964 964-65 965 965 965-66
(s)keng1. (s)kep"p-, (s)k' "p-, (s)k# " p-, and (s)k! "b(h)-, skob(h)-, 2. (s)k' "b(h)and sk! 1. (s)ker2. (s)ker-, sker&- : skr'3. (s)ker4. (s)ker-, (s)ker&-, (s)kr'5. (s)ker(s)ku!er$ er-(d-) sk (s)kerb(h)-, (s)kreb(h)-, nasalized (s)kremb(s)ker-dh-, (s)kor-dh(s)kert-ssk't- : sk&tsk'th-, sk&th1. (s)keu2. (s)keu-, (s)keu!& : (s)k*"u-, ks' "u3. sk' 4. (s)keu"u5. sk' 6. sk'u(-t)$' "usk skeub-, skeubh-, skeug1. skeud2. (s)keud(s)keup-, skeub(h)(s)keut-, (s)keudh$ l'k-, sk $ l&ksk skordhoskot" t(s)k* (s)k alo-s sku!erb(h)sk(h)u!oi!-, sk(h)u!i(i!)"g (s)l! slak(s)leb-, (s)lob-, (s)lep-, (s)lop(s)l'g- : (s)l&g-, and (s)legsl'g (s)leib(s)leidh(s)leigslenk-, slengsler(s)leusleub(h)(s)leug-, (s)leuk$$ -, (s)leuk (s)leug (s)leup-, (s)leub(h)(s)l%- : sl&i-, or sl#i-, sl%-u!oslougo-, sloug!- (fem.) (s)lr (g-, and sleru! u! u!
IE
to hobble; lame, slanted to hide, cover
IE
to cut, shave, split with sharp tool to shrink, dry out, wrinkle up; dry, thin
IE 7. kerIE IE (s)ker-dh1. ker1. ku!erIE IE (s)kert-s2. kerIE IE IE 1. keu$' "usk IE 1. kalIE skeubIE 2. (s)keudkeu&d"uIE 5. sk' IE sreskIE IE ku!'tIE k alo-s
u!
to jump to bend, curve, turn to cut, shear, score, scribe (onomatopoeic: hoarse sound) to do, make to defecate; dung, excrement to curve, turn small, pitiful, miserable across, straight along to jump, spring to scold, scathe, injure, damage to perform, carry out to hide, wrap, cover to sneeze to notice, observe, pay attention to to push, shoot, throw to cut, scratch, separate to push, shoot, throw to shove, move, shoot, throw to grumble, protest; unwilling to shoot, throw sheaf, bunch, ock, etc. to shrink, shrivel up to spray, sprinkle; wet pan, vessel; potsherd shade, shadow, darkness to shake, shudder (type of large sh, e.g. whale) to pierce, stick (of thorns) thorn, needle
"ghIE l! IE "bl' IE sleub(h)IE 3. leiIE (s)lr (gIE $IE (s)leug IE lauk(o)IE (s)leibIE IE IE sler-
to grab, latch, seize to hit, hammer lip; to hang down slackly weak, feeble, languid to oppress, maltreat, mishandle to slip; slimy to slide; slippery to hack, hit to turn, wind; creep, slink chasm slack, feeble, loosely hanging to slide, slip to swallow to slide, slip to hang slackly livid, bluish help, service (onomatopoeic: to swallow)
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966 966-67 967 967-68 968 968 968 968 969 969 969-70 970 970-71 971 971 971 971-72 972-73 973 973-74 974 974 974 974-75 975 975-77 977 977 977 977-78 978 978 978 978-79 979 979-80 980 980 980 981 981-82 982 983-84 984 985 985-87 987 987 987 988 989 989 989 989-90
" sme, sm! sm'-, sme%-, sm-eismeg(h)1. (s)mei-, smeu"2. sm'i- : sm&i- : sm% 3. sm'i-, smeid-, sm'ig-, sm'iksmeit-, smitsmek1. smel2. smel(s)mersmerd-, smordsmerusmeu(s)meukh-, (s)meug-, (s)meughsmogsn!-, sn&-(t-), sn!u-, sn-eu-, sn-et(s)nadh(s)n'-, and (s)n'i(s)n'bh-ri-, (s)n#bh-risneigsneig hsneitsn'p-, sn#p-, sn&p1. (s)ner-, (s)nur2. (s)ner(s)nerbsneusn'u- : sn*-, and sn.usneubh1. sneud(h)2. sneudhsnuss so(s), s! soi-tosolo-, sol(e)u!os#[u]r! : s#r! spakosp(h)'-, sp(h)&-(dh-) "g $ -, or sp# $speg ""i- : (s)p(h)% 1. (s)p(h)' 2. sp(h)ei : sp(h)" %, and sp(h)' : sp(h)&3. sp(h)'(i)-, sp%-, and sph'- : sph&$spek (s)pel1. (s)p(h)el2. (s)p(h)el(s)p(h)elg"g $ h(en), spleng $ h-, spl' $ hsp(h)elg 1. (s)pen(-d)2. *(s)pen-, (s)pon-, (s)pondhospendsp(h)e(n)dsp(h)engu!
IE IE 3. sm'iIE IE smeuIE sm'IE IE IE 6. melIE IE 4. merIE 1. (s)meiIE IE sneuIE sn'pIE IE IE 2. (s)nerIE IE sn'uIE 2. enebhIE 1. nedIE snuss IE 2. sneudhIE 1. sneud(h)IE senIE 1. to3. s'(i)IE 6. sel-
really, truly (emphatic particle) to rub, smear to smack, taste to smile to carve, work with sharp tool to rub, smear to throw beard, chin to smolder, burn slowly gray to mourn, remember, think of, care for to stink fat, grease, smear to laugh, smile to smoke; smoke heavy, burdensome to ow, swim; damp to cut, slice to spin, twist threads together thin, narrow to crawl, snake to snow; snow to cut to gather in sheaves/bundles; twist into rope to snarl, growl to turn, wind, etc. to cut? to ow, swim; damp to turn, bind, attach; band, sinew to woo, marry to drowse, slumber; drowsy, sleepy fog, mist daughter-in-law (nom. sg. demonstrative stem: he, she) magic whole, well-kept, salubrious calf (of leg) point; small drop
IE 2. sp(h)ei $IE spek IE pi-nIE 3. sp(h)'(i)IE 1. (s)pen(-d)$IE speg IE IE (s)p(h)elgIE (s)pleiIE IE (s)p(h)eu-dIE IE
long at piece of wood to watch sharply, be attentive sharp/pointed stick: spile, spit, etc. to pull, drag to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc. to watch, inspect, spy on to speak aloud, tell with emphasis to cut, split, spall, tear off; board to shine, glitter to split, splinter milt; spleen to pull, spin wooden pail to offer a libation to shake, quiver to shine, glitter
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990 990-91 991 991-92 992 992-93 993-95 995 995-96 996-98 998 998-99 999 999 999-1000 1000 1000 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001-2 1002 1002 1002 1002 1003 1004 1004 1004 1004-10 1010 1010 1010-11 1011 1011-13 1013-14 1014 1014-15 1015 1015-16 1016-17 1017-18 1018 1018 1018 1018-19 1019-20 1021 1021
"no-, p(&)st' "nospeno-, st' 1. (s)per2. sper(-g)3. sper4. (s)p(h)er-, (s)p(h)er&g1. sp(h)er-, sp(h)er&2. (s)p(h)er-, sprei-, spreu3. sp(h)ersp(h)erd(h)-, (s)p(h)red(h)-, nasalized sp(h)rend(h)*(s)p(h)ereg-, (s)p(h)er&g-, (s)p(h)r'g-, nasalized spreng$ h-, spreg $ h-, nasalized spreng $ hsperg (s)p(h)eu-d(s)p" %ko(s)pingo(s)p(h)i!'u- : (s)pi!*-, (s)p%u!(s)plei$ h(s)pleig (s)poimnosprei-, spreusp(h)reigsrak -tosrebh-, sr (bh-, and serbhsr-edh-, sr-et(s)reighsrenksr'nosresksreusreupsr%g-, sr%gos" mosr# st!- : st&stag(s)t!i"-, sti!-!st!i-, st% st!k-, stekIE IE st!kIE IE st!i"ib(h)IE st' IE steb(h)klepIE 1. serIE IE su!erbhIE sreuu!
teat, breast, nipple IE IE IE IE sp(h)erd(h)IE spreiIE *(s)p(h)ereg$ hIE sperg IE pher"np! IE IE IE IE pl'IE sp(h)reig1. perpole, spar, rafter (type of bird, esp. sparrow) to turn, wind to rip, tear; rag, snippet to rush, push away, act rashly, etc. to sow, strew, spread, scatter, sprinkle balls of goat/sheep excrement to rush, sprint, spring; running to rush, hurry; strew, sprinkle, disperse to rush, hurry, spring, jump to press, hurry woodpecker (or other large bird) nch, sparrow to spit, spew, sputter to cut, split to splay (legs) foam, spume, spray to sow, strew, scatter to teem, abound, overow sharp-edged to sip, slurp, swallow to boil, spout, whirl to creep, climb, clamber to snore body part (e.g. hip, loins) to drip, drizzle to stream, ow dirty, scabby cold, frost lame to stand to drip, drizzle, trickle to steal, do secretly to condense, press together; stiff; stone to place, stand stump, post, pillar; to support, etc. to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof stake, pole, beam stick, stalk, stang, etc. sharp, pointed; spike, style, stylus stick, pole, stake; stiff to stick, prick; sharp to climb, ascend; stride, march
u!
steb(h)-, and st'b(h)- : st&bh-, nasalized stemb(h)-, step-, also st'p-?, nasalized stemp-, nominal st&bho-s, IE st!stemb(h)ro-s, stomb(h)o-s 1. (s)teg2. (s)tegstegh-, nasalized stengh(s)tei"b(h)-, st' "p"ib(h)-, st% "ip-, st% st' (s)teigsteigh(s)teig (s)teigu!h1. (s)tel2. stel-, stel&3. stelstem1. (s)tenIE 2. ten4. telIE 3. stelIE 2. stelu!
IE t!gIE steghIE 2. (s)tegIE teiIE steu!&IE teigIE IE teig -
arm, shoulder; thigh, hip to endure, wait patiently to urinate, let ow to dilate, broaden, stretch out; broad to put, place to push, thrust; stumble, stutter to drone, groan, thunder, etc.
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1021-22 1022-27 1027-28 1028 1028-29 1029-31 1031 1031 1031-32 1032 1032-34 1035 1035 1035 1035 1036 1036 1036 1036 1036-37 1037 1037 1037-38 1038-39 1039 1039 1039 1039-40 1040 1040-41 1041-42 1042 1043 1043 1043 1043-44 1044 1044 1045 1045 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046-47 1047 1047-48 1048 1048 1048-49 1049
2. sten1. (s)ter-, (s)ter&- : (s)tr'"r2. st' 3. ster4. ster-, also ster&- : str'-, strei-, streu5. ster-, ster&- : str'-, steru- : streu6. ster7. (s)ter-n8. (s)tersterg-, sterk1. (s)teu2. steusteu!&stilp-, stilbstomenstoros, stornos, str (nos? 1. streig2. streig3. (s)treig-, streid(h)strenk-, streng(s)trep-, (s)trebstrusu-, s*" -s, suu!-s s* s*-ro-, sou-ro1. s*s2. s*ssu!!dsu!ardsu!ei-, su!i"(i)su!' 1. su!eid2. su!eidsu!'idsu!ek,su!ekr* $ s, sek $ s, ksek $ s, ksu!ek $ s, u!ek $ s : uk $s su!ek s(u!)eku!o-s 1. su!el(-k)2. su!el3. su!el-, su!ol-, sul4. su!elsu!e-lo-, su!elii!o(n)su!elplo-s su!emsu!en(s)u!endhsu!eng-, su!enk- : su!eg-, su!eksu!enk-, sunksu!ento-, sunto1. su!ep-, sup2. su!ep-, sup-, su!eb-
IE IE 6. sterIE IE IE IE IE 7. (s)ter-nIE 2. streigIE IE IE 1. teuIE (s)t!iIE IE IE IE IE strenkIE treigIE 7. terIE 3. trepsu!e-loIE 2. s*sIE 1. seu2. seuIE IE IE su!engIE su!'idIE 1. su!eid-
to narrow, hem in stark, stiff, solid, rigid, etc. star to rob, steal line, streak, strip, stripe to strew, scatter, spread out barren, sterile, unfruitful thorn, prickly stalk dung, stercory, dirty water; to rot, befoul to care for, pay careful attention to to hit, push, thrust to praise (aloud) to coagulate, become dense/thick to shine; to look, show mouth, stoma starling, songbird to halt, pause, falter, be(come) stuck taut, stiff, strict; to twist; rope to hiss tight, cramped; cord, string to cry, make wild noises gray-haired, old (man) good, well pig, sow, swine sour, bitter, salty; cheese to whistle (of wind) parent, creator, producer sweet; to enjoy something to laugh to pipe, whistle, sibilate to bend, turn, swing, swivel to shine, glisten to sweat, perspire; sweat milk to smell (good) husband's mother
IE IE IE IE su!elplo-s IE 2. selse, u!elIE s! IE IE su!%IE u!eibIE IE IE IE
six sap, pitch, resin to eat, drink, swill, swallow to burn, smolder, swelter sole of foot; ground beam, board brother-in-law sulphur to swim, move to sound, resound to dwindle, disappear to bend, swing, swag heavy; pregnant sound, active, healthy, vigorous to sleep to throw
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1049 1049-50 1050 1050 1050 1050-51 1051 1051 1052 1052 1052 1053-54 1054 1054-55 1055 1055 1055 1056 1056 1056 1056-57 1057 1057 1057 1057 1057 1057 1057 1057-58 1058 1058-59 1059-60 1060-61 1061 1061-62 1062 1062 1062 1062 1062-63 1063 1063-64 1064-65 1065-66 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1068
1. su!er-, also ser-? 2. su!er3. su!er4. su!er5. su!ersu!erbh-, also su!er-? su!erghsu!esorsu!%su!omb(h)o-s su!ordo-s "-; [t!u-], t&u-, t* "t!-, t&-, t!i-, t&i-, t% t!dtag-, or teg- : tog- : tegt!gtak-, tak'(i)t!l1. tap2. tap"tatata-, and similarly t' taustegt'g-, t&gteguteiteigteig 1. tek2. tek3. tek$ 1tek tek 1. tel-, tel&-, tl'(i)-, tl!2. tel-, tel&-, telu3. tel4. tel$ hteleg telektelp1. tem-, tend2. temtem(&)temp1. ten-, tend2. tentendten&gos, ten&gos 1. teng2. tengtengh1. tenk2. tenku! u!
IE 2. su!erIE 1. su!erIE 1. u!erIE srebhIE IE IE 2. u!endhIE IE IE IE 2. tongIE tegIE IE IE IE 1. (s)tegIE (s)tei(s)teig(s)teig IE IE IE IE IE IE IE 1. (s)teltelek$ hIE teleg IE tendIE IE 1. tenIE tengh1. (s)ten1. temIE 1. tong1. tenkIE 2. tenkIE tensu!
to speak, swear, answer to buzz, hiss stake to cut, prick, pierce heavy to turn, sweep, swerve to be ill; to sorrow, care for sister to fade, dwindle, become silent porous, spongy, swampy black, swarthy; dark/dirty color to thaw, melt, decay, dissipate to act purposefully to grip, seize, touch to tidy up to be tacit, silent to grow, turn green; plant, young sprout to dip to press down/together daddy (nursery word) calm, still, silent, peaceful to cover to burn thick, fat sharp, pointed; spike to prick, stick; sharp arm, shoulder; thigh, hip to bear, produce to reach, stretch out (hand) for to plait, weave to plait to ow, run to bear, carry; weigh, lift up at (board, ground) to be calm/still to urinate, let ow to hit to hit, push to have room; spacious to cut stunned, confused dark to span, stretch, extend to span, stretch, extend to drone, groan, thunder, etc. to cut ground (under water) to dunk, soak, wet to feel, think to span, extend; pull, stretch to span, extend; pull, stretch to clot, thicken, contract; tight, solid
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1068-69 1069 1069-70 1070 1070-71 1071-74 1074-75 1075-76 1076 1076 1076 1076-77 1077 1077-78 1078-79 1079 1079 1079-80 1080-85 1085 1085 1085 1085 1086 1086 1086-87 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088-89 1089 1090 1090 1090-92 1092 1092 1092 1092-93 1093 1094 1094 1094 1095 1095 1095 1095-96 1096 1096 1096
tenstenu-s, tenu-s tep1. ter2. ter-, teru3. ter-, ter&-, and teri-, tr'i-, tr%-, also teru- : treu2-, tr!-, teru4. ter-, ter&- : tr ( 5. ter6. ter7. ter-, ter&-, terbh-, terd-, terg-, terpterd-, tredterg terk-, trek-, tork-, trokterp-, trepterstet(e)r1. teu-, teud-, teug-, teuk-, teup2. teu"t'u-, t&u-, teu!&-, tu!#-, t* teukteupteusteu!&-, tu!!ti-ti-, (ti)tilti!eg 1. to-, t!-, ti!o2. totolk 1. tong-, *teng2. tongtoptor-, toro-s " gh-, and tr' "ghtr!gh-, tr# "b-, tr#b-, tr b-, or tr&b-, tr tr' (be tregtreitreigtreisti-, or tr%stitrektrem-, trems1. trenk2. trenk1. trep2. trep3. trep-, trebtres-, ters-, *teres"utr' tr-eu-dtrii!&to-, tr%totristrozdos- : tr (zdosu! u! u!
IE tempIE IE tremIE IE 6. terIE 5. terIE tet(e)r3. tertreg-
to span, stretch, extend thin to be warm, tepid to quiver, tremble weak, feeble, tender, fragile to bore, drill, rub, thresh to cross, get over, etc. through, over, etc. (boring/gnawing insect) stiff, rigid, solid, etc. to bore, drill through to warn, threaten; fright, horror
IE tr!ghIE IE tortu!enIE IE teukt'uIE
to torque, turn to enjoy, satisfy oneself to toast, dry; thirst (onomatopoeic: to quack) to hit, push, thrust to notice, observe, listen to to swell, intumesce germ, seed, sprout, offspring to crouch down, conceal oneself to empty to sift (onomatopoeic: chirping of small bird) to retreat, step back in fear; shy that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem) (prex) to speak to think, feel to touch, grip, seize to reach, stay; place loud, distinct, audible to drag, train, pull, move building, dwelling to make an effort, use all one's strength; battle, force; solid three, trio to hiss sulky, moody, stubborn to pull, run to shake, tremble; to stomp, trample to throng, push, press together to wash, bathe, cleanse to trip, tread, trample to bow the head, turn away in shame to cry, make wild noises to quiver, tremble to prosper to thrust, push, press, squash sea; wet, watery vine; stem, stalk
IE so(s) ati IE IE 2. tengtagIE IE trozdosIE trekIE 1. (s)terIE 3. (s)treigIE dher!ghIE 1. trepIE 2. trenk1. trenkIE tresIE (s)trepIE 1. ter" desIE tr*
IE 4. ter-
thrush, blackbird
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1096-97 1097 1097 1097 1097-98 1098 1098 1098 1099 1099 1099 1099 1099-1100 1100-1 1101 1102 1102 1102 1103 1103 1103 1103-4 1104-5 1105 1105-6 1106-7 1108 1108 1108-9 1109 1109 1109 1110 1110 1110 1110-11 1111 1111 1111-12 1112 1112 1112-13 1113 1113 1113 1113-14 1114 1114 1114 1114 1114
" destr* $truk trustu, tutu " t* t*-lo"k-, tuk1. tu!! 2. tu!aktu!akos "i1. tu!' 2. tu!ei-, extended tu!ei-stu!en$ htu!eng 1. tu!er- : tur-, and tu!r (2. tu!er- : tur-, tu!er&$tu!erk tu" !%bhtu!#[u]- : tu!&u- : t*-l1. u2. uub" d* udero-, u!'deroulupr, upri upo, up, eup, (e)up-s1. u!!-, u!#-, u!&u!en2. u!!u!!bu!adhu!!dh-, u!&dh"g1. u!! "g2. u!! "gh-, su! "ghu!! u!ai "i-, u!%u!! "k! u!! u!al-, u!al-d(h)$u!ank 1. u!ap" p2. u!ap-, * u!!sto-s 1. u!!t-, better u!#t"t2. u!! u!azdh-, better u!ozdh"-, u!ei1. u!' 2. u!e-, u!edh3. u!'-, u!&4. u!e-, u!o-, u!es5. u!e-, u!o-
tr-eu-d$tu!erk IE IE
scratchy; leprosy? to cut reed (onomatopoeic: chirping of bird) thou, you slow, lazy, sluggish; boring to bind, close up, pull together
IE
to bathe skin to hack, hew, cut down, hit sharply
IE 1. (s)teuIE IE IE $IE truk
to shake, excite, move back and forth, shimmer to hit, push, thrust to twinge, oppress, constrain, close in to twirl, turn to grab, hold to cut hollow pipe, tube (onomatopoeic: owl's hoot, etc.)
5. u!eIE gheIE IE albhiIE upo IE upr 2. u!enIE IE IE 1. u!apIE IE IE "ghu!! "gIE 2. u!! IE IE IE IE 2. u!apIE u!!b1. euIE IE u!&gIE 3. ne1. u!ebhIE u!'p3. au4. au-
ooh! (interjection of pain) to drag, press down out, away, up(wards) belly, uterus (onomatopoeic: to howl, ululate) over, above under, (from) below, etc. to hit, wound to hit, wound (to pull) apart to call, cry, weep, lament pledge to go, wade, stride, march sheath, cover, hollow lid to cry, shriek to cry, shriek, sough woe; wolf weak, miserable cow to prevail, be strong beam to chatter to call, cry to lack; empty wood, vatic, mentally animated to bend, curve long, wide we two (dual), we (plural) to weave to blow from, away, downward other; that (one)
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1114 1114-15 1115 1115 1115-16 1116-17 1117 1117-18 1118 1118-20 1120 1120-22 1123 1123-24 1124 1124 1125-27 1127-28 1128 1128-29 1129 1130-31 1131 1131-32 1133 1133-34 1134 1134-35 1135 1135 1135-36 1136 1136-37 1137-38 1138 1139-40 1140 1140 1140-44 1144-45 1145 1145-46 1146 1146-47 1147 1148 1148 1148 1148-49
1. u!ebh2. u!ebhu!ed1. u!edh2. u!edh-, before nasals u!ed3. u!edhu!eg$u!eg " gu!-, uku!su!egu!- : * $ hu!eg u!&g- : u!!g"1. u!ei-, u!ei!&- : u!% 2. u!ei-, u!ei!&- : u" !%3. u!ei-, u!ei&- : u!%u!eib1. u!eid2. u!(e)idu!eidh-, u!idh1. u!eik2. u!eik3. u!eik4. u!eik-, u!eig-, extended form of u!ei$ -, u!ik $ -, u!oik $ ou!eik u!eip-, u!eib1. u!eis2. u!eis3. u!eisu!ek-, u!e-n-ku!&k- : *u!!k$u!ek u!ek u!ek-ti1. u!el2. u!el-, u!lei-, u!l'(i)3. u!el4. u!el-, u!el&5. u!el-, u!el&6. u!el7. u!el-, u!el&-, u!l'8. u!el1. u!elk2. u!elk-, u!elgu!em-, u!em&1. u!en-, u!en&2. u!en1. u!endh2. u!endh3. u!endhu!e-n-gu!
IE 5. au!u!obhs! 2. u!edhIE IE u!ed1. u!endhIE u!oksoIE au!egIE IE 1. u!eiIE 1. u!eidIE 3. u!eis"ro-s IE u!% u!eip4. u!eikIE IE 1. u" !%IE IE IE IE 2. u!eisIE IE 3. seuIE u!ekIE 2. u!eiu!&kIE u!e-n-gIE IE IE IE IE 5. u!elIE 7. u!elIE 2. u!elIE 3. u!elIE 1. u!elkselkIE IE IE 1. u!!IE 3. u!edh(s)u!endhIE u!e-n-gh-
to plait, weave, waver, move back and forth to roam, swarm, wander to lead to hit, push to lead to tie, bind, attach to bind, weave fresh, strong damp, moist; to wet, sprinkle, irrigate; ox to move, drive, carry, convey bent, curved to bend, turn, wind to wizen, wither to wish, pursue, go for, reach towards; strong, violent to sway, turn to bend, turn to vide, see, wit, know to divide, separate; widow to choose, lter, sort out force, energy (in battle, victory, etc.) to happen, become equal, come together to bend, curve; exchange, pass around house, village, settlement to turn, whip, sway, vibrate to grow, sprout to bend, turn to ow (away); ooze, virus, poison to bend bent to want, wish to voice, speak, evoke whit, thing to see to will, want, wish, choose to crowd, press, push wool, hair; grass, wold, forest to deceive warm to turn, wind; round, voluble to steal; to wound, tear, avulse to pull, drag wet, damp to spit, spew, wamble, vomit to love, venerate, strive/wish for to hit, wound to turn, wind, wend to wane, disappear hair, beard bent
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1149 1149 1149 1149 1149-50 1150-51 1151-52 1152 1152 1153 1153-54 1154 1154-55 1155 1156 1156-58 1158-60 1160 1160-62 1162-63 1163-64 1164 1165 1165 1165-66 1166 1166 1167 1167 1168 1168-69 1169 1169 1169 1169-70 1170 1170-71 1171 1171-72 1172 1172-73 1173 1173 1173 1173 1173 1173-74 1174
u!e-n-ghu!e-n-k" p- : up1. *u!ep- : u!# 2. u!epu!'p- : u!&p1. u!er-, also su!er2. u!er3. u!er3a. u!er-, u!r (mi-s, u!r (mo-s 3b. u!er-, u!er-b-, and u!er-bh3c. u!er-, u!(e)r-ed3d. u!er-, u!er-g$ h3e. u!er-, u!er-g 3f. u!er-, u!er-k3g. u!er-, u!er-p-, u!r-ep3h. u!er-, u!er-t3i. u!er-, u!r-ei4. u!er5. u!er6. u!er7. u!er8. u!er9. u!er- : u!eru-s 10. u!er11. u!er-, u!er&12. u!er13. u!eru!(e)r!d-, u!er&d-, u!r&du!erdh-, u!redh$ -, u!reg $1. u!erg $ -, u!reg $2. u!erg $ -, u!org $3. u!erg $ h-, u!er-ku!er-g-, u!er-g u!er-(e)n! u!ersu!eren1. u!es2. u!es3. u!es4. u!es5. u!es"s6. u!' 7. u!es8. u!esu!es-no9. u!esu!esperos, u!ekeros u!es-r (
IE u!e-n-k"t2. u!! ab10. au!(e)IE 3. u!erIE IE 5. u!erIE IE IE IE 3e. u!erIE 3f. u!erIE u!er-gIE IE IE IE $IE 1. u!erg IE u!rekIE IE IE 9. au!(e)IE IE IE IE IE IE u!#roIE IE 3d. u!erIE IE IE IE 2. au"suIE u!' IE IE 1. i!uIE u!es-r ( IE IE au!es-
bent bent water to strew, throw out to blow; to soar to bind, attach; strive highland, raised place; high, top to bend, turn, wrap worm to bend, turn, warp to sway, bend down to turn, wrench to turn, press, wring, strangle to bend, turn, wind to turn, wind to turn, wind, invert to clench the teeth; wroth, confused to nd, take to shut, close, cover; guard, warn, save to speak, talk formally to root, open, tear up to notice, observe, attend, be aware wide, broad to ow; wet; water, river, etc. to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy to burn squirrel, weasel, etc. root, branch, twig to grow; high to (en)close, shut off; pen to do, work, be effective to abound, be very strong; to swarm, swell to bend, turn alder, poplar to drag along the ground lamb, ram, sheep to live, stay overnight to feast to ooze, dampen; wet to stick, stab, pierce to dress, clothe, wear you (plural) to turn, wind, wrap to buy, sell, exchange price to shine vesper, evening spring
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1174-75 1175 1175-76 1176 1177 1177 1177 1177 1177-78 1178 1178 1178-79 1179 1179 1179-80 1180 1180 1180 1180 1181 1181 1181-82 1182 1182 1182 1183 1183
"suu!' u!et1. u" !%"-, u!oi2. u!% u!idhu$m u!%-k ( t-% u" !%ks$ -, and u!eig $ -, u!ig $ -? u!ing " u!%ro-s u!i!eth-, u!ithu!lek-, u( !lku( !lk os u( !lp-, lupu!obhs! u!og hni-s, u!og hnesu!oksou!#rou!ortoko"g $ h- : u!r&g $ h1. u!r! $ h- : u!r&g $ h2. u!r!g u!reg-, and u!erg-? $ -, u!r#g $ -, u!r&g $u!r'g u!reku!reik-, u!ereiku!renu!reth- : u!roth-, or u!rathu!rughi!ou! u! u!
IE 2. u!esIE IE 2. dh'IE $m IE dek ( $ hang IE 3. u!ei-
good year apart, separate from, in two; both (onomatopoeic root) tree, wood twenty mistletoe, tree with sticky(?) sap elm (tree) man, warrior to shake to light, shine; ery
IE IE IE 2. u!ebhIE IE u!egIE 5. su!erIE
wolf, lobo (carnivorous animal, esp. fox, wolf, etc.) wasp plowshare wax madness; dizziness, weariness quail spike, thorn to hit, push
IE IE 6. u!er-
to drag, push, drive, thrust to break to speak, talk formally heather to splash, sprinkle to support
IE rughi!o-
rye
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Indo-European Lexicon: Pokorny Master PIE Etyma

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Indo-European Lexicon: Pokorny Master PIE Etyma