Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE Title Gerochi v. DOE GR No. 159796 17 July 2007 Nachura, J. Facts RA 9136, otherwi e !"ow" # the Electric $ower %"&u try Re'or( Act o' 2001 )E$%RA*, which ou+ht to i(,o e # u"iver #l ch#r+e o" #ll e"&-u er o' electricity 'or the ,ur,o e o' 'u"&i"+ NA$O.OR/ ,ro0ect , w# e"#cte& #"& too! e''ect i" 2001. $etitio"er co"te t the co" titutio"#lity o' the E$%RA, t#ti"+ th#t the i(,o itio" o' the u"iver #l ch#r+e o" #ll e"&-u er i o,,re ive #"& co"'i c#tory #"& #(ou"t to t#1#tio" without re,re e"t#tio" 'or "ot +ivi"+ the co" u(er # ch#"ce to 2e he#r& #"& 2e re,re e"te&. .h#ve: v. Ro(ulo GR No. 157036 9 Ju"e 200; Sandoval-Gutierrez, J. $ur u#"t to $G7A/ ,eech tre i"+ the "ee& 'or # "#tio"wi&e +u" 2#" i" #ll ,u2lic ,l#ce , $N$ .hie' E2&#"e i ue& the <Gui&eli"e i" the %(,le(e"t#tio" o' the =#" o" the .#rryi"+ o' 8ire#r( Out i&e o' Re i&e"ce.> %t revo!e& #ll e1i ti"+ $er(it to .#rry 8ire#r( Out i&e o' Re i&e"ce )$5.8OR*, u20ect to re"ew#l. 8r#"ci co .h#ve:, # lice" e& +u" ow"er to who( # $5.8OR h# 2ee" i ue&, re?ue te& the D%@G to reco" i&er the i(,le(e"t#tio" o' the # #ile& Gui&eli"e . Ai re?ue t w# &e"ie&. 5hu , he we"t to court to ch#lle"+e the co" titutio"#lity o' the 34N the revoc#tio" o' the $5.8OR ,ur u#"t to the Gui&eli"e i # viol#tio" o' the ,eo,le/ ri+ht to ,ro,erty. Issue/s 34N the u"iver #l ch#r+e i # t#1. Ruling NO. 5he # #ile& u"iver #l ch#r+e i "ot # t#1, 2ut #" e1#ctio" i" the e1erci e o' the 6t#te/ ,olice ,ower. 5h#t ,u2lic wel'#re i ,ro(ote& (#y 2e +le#"e& 'ro( 6ec. 2 o' the E$%RA, which e"u(er#te the ,olicie o' the 6t#te re+#r&i"+ electri'ic#tio". 7oreover, the 6,eci#l 5ru t 8u"& 'e#ture o' the u"iver #l ch#r+e re# o"#2ly erve #"& # ure the #tt#i"(e"t #"& ,er,etuity o' the ,ur,o e 'or which the u"iver #l ch#r+e i i(,o e& )e.+. to e" ure the vi#2ility o' the cou"try/ electric ,ower i"&u try*, 'urther 2oo ti"+ the ,o itio" th#t the #(e i #" e1#ctio" ,ri(#rily i" ,ur uit o' the 6t#te/ ,olice o20ective . NO. 5he ri+ht to 2e#r #r( i # (ere t#tutory ,rivile+e, "ot # co" titutio"#l ri+ht. =ei"+ # (ere t#tutory cre#tio", the ri+ht to 2e#r #r( c#""ot 2e co" i&ere& #" i"#lie"#2le or #2 olute ri+ht. A lice" e #uthori:i"+ # ,er o" to e"0oy # cert#i" ,rivile+e i "either # ,ro,erty "or ,ro,erty ri+ht. BE6. %t i #,,#re"t 'ro( the # #ile& Gui&eli"e th#t the 2# i 'or it i u#"ce w# the "ee& 'or ,e#ce #"& or&er i" the ociety. C"&e"i#2ly, the (otiv#ti"+ '#ctor i" the i u#"ce o' the Gui&eli"e i the i"tere t o' the ,u2lic i" +e"er#l. Doctrine %' +e"er#tio" o' reve"ue i the ,ri(#ry ,ur,o e #"& re+ul#tio" i (erely i"ci&e"t#l, the i(,o itio" i # t#19 2ut i' re+ul#tio" i the ,ri(#ry ,ur,o e, the '#ct th#t reve"ue i i"ci&e"t#lly r#i e& &oe "ot (#!e the i(,o itio" # t#1. 5he t#1i"+ ,ower (#y 2e u e& # #" i(,le(e"t o' ,olice ,ower. 5he theory 2ehi"& the e1erci e o' the ,ower to t#1 e(#"#te 'ro( "ece ity9 without t#1e , +over"(e"t c#""ot 'ul'ill it (#"&#te o' ,ro(oti"+ the +e"er#l wel'#re #"& well-2ei"+ o' the ,eo,le. A lice" e #uthori:i"+ # ,er o" to e"0oy # cert#i" ,rivile+e i "either # ,ro,erty "or ,ro,erty ri+ht.

34N the i u#"ce o' the # #ile& Gui&eli"e i # v#li& e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

$R. v. &e Gu:(#" GR No. 1;;6D1 21 Ju"e 200; Tinga, J.

Gui&eli"e . 79 ucce 'ul e1#(i"ee o' the $hy ici#" @ice" ure E1#(i"#tio" 'ro( 8#ti(# .olle+e o2t#i"e& u"u u#l #"& e1ce,tio"#lly hi+h core i" the two (o t &i''icult u20ect o' the e1#(, which #rou e& the u ,icio" o' the =o#r& o' 7e&ici"e. 5hey h#& the re ult urveye& 2y # t#ti tici#" #"& i"ve ti+#te& 2y the N=%. 6u2 e?ue"tly, they #&o,te& # Re olutio" which withhel& the re+i tr#tio" # ,hy ici#" o' the 8#ti(# e1#(i"ee . A'ter the re ult o' the i"ve ti+#tio" o' the N=% #"& the urvey o' 8r. Ne2re , the =o#r& i ue& #"other Re olutio" ch#r+i"+ the #i& e1#(i"ee with i((or#lity, &i ho"e t co"&uct, 'r#u&, #"& &eceit. 5he 8#ti(# e1#(i"ee , o" the other h#"&, 'ile& the ,eci#l civil #ctio" o' (#"&#(u #+#i" t the $R. o th#t they woul& 2e #llowe& to t#!e their ,hy ici#"/ o#th. 7#l#te 5ouri t Develo,(e"t .or,or#tio" )75D.* ow"e& # Eictori# .ourt (otel i" the Er(it#-7#l#te #re#, which w# 2ei"+ thre#te"e& to 2e clo e& &ow" 2y #" Or&i"#"ce ,# e& 2y the .ity o' 7#"il#, which ,rohi2ite& the o,er#tio" o' #"y 2u i"e which #&ver ely #''ecte& the oci#l #"& (or#l wel'#re o' the co((u"ity i" the #i& #re#. 5he #i& or&i"#"ce ,rovi&e& th#t the e #i& e t#2li h(e"t were to 2e either

34N the =o#r& h# &i cretio" to hol& i" #2ey#"ce the #&(i"i tr#tio" o' the Ai,,ocr#tic o#th #"& the i u#"ce o' the certi'ic#te to ucce 'ul 2o#r& e1#(i"ee .

BE6. 5he ,r#ctice o' (e&ici"e i # ,rivile+e, u20ect to ?u#li'ic#tio" #"& &i ?u#li'ic#tio" . %t (u t #,,e#r th#t the #,,lic#"t h# 'ully co(,lie& with #ll the co"&itio" #"& re?uire(e"t i(,o e& 2y the l#w #"& the lice" i"+ #uthority. 6houl& &ou2t t#i"t or (#r the co(,li#"ce # 2ei"+ le th#" #ti '#ctory, the" the ,rivile+e will "ot i ue. C"til the (or#l #"& (e"t#l 'it"e o' &e Gu:(#", et #l. coul& 2e # cert#i"e&, the =o#r& h# &i cretio" to hol& i" #2ey#"ce the #&(i"i tr#tio" o' the Ai,,ocr#tic o#th #"& the i u#"ce o' the certi'ic#te to the(. 5he writ o' (#"&#(u &oe "ot lie to co(,el ,er'or(#"ce o' #" #ct which i "ot &uly #uthori:e&.

5he ,ower to re+ul#te the e1erci e o' # ,ro'e io" or ,ur uit o' #" occu,#tio" c#""ot 2e e1erci e& 2y the 6t#te or it #+e"t i" #" #r2itr#ry, &e ,otic, or o,,re ive (#""er.

.ity o' 7#"il# v. @#+uio GR No. 11D127 12 A,ril 2005 Tinga, J.

34N the or&i"#"ce i #" o,,re ive e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

BE6. Althou+h the o20ect o' the or&i"#"ce w# the ,ro(otio" o' the oci#l #"& (or#l v#lue o' the co((u"ity, the (e#" e(,loye& 'or the #cco(,li h(e"t thereo' were u"re# o"#2le #"& u"&uly o,,re ive.

A" or&i"#"ce which ,er(#"e"tly re trict the u e o' ,ro,erty th#t it c#""ot 2e u e& 'or #"y re# o"#2le ,ur,o e +oe 2eyo"& re+ul#tio" #"& (u t 2e reco+"i:e& # # t#!i"+ o' the ,ro,erty without 0u t co(,e" #tio". 5he &ue ,roce cl#u e i # li(it#tio" u,o" the e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower. 5he ,olice ,ower +r#"te& to

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

clo e& &ow", tr#" 'or(e& whole o(e e t#2li h(e"t .

reloc#te&, or i"to other ty,e o'

75D. ou+ht to h#ve the or&i"#"ce &ecl#re& u"co" titutio"#l. 5he .ourt #+ree& with 75D., #"& e"0oi"e& the .ity o' 7#"il# 'ro( i(,le(e"ti"+ the or&i"#"ce.

+over"(e"t u"it (u t #lw#y 2e e1erci e& with ut(o t o2 erv#"ce o' the ri+ht o' the ,eo,le to &ue ,roce #"& e?u#l ,rotectio" o' the l#w. %"&ivi&u#l ri+ht (#y 2e #&ver ely #''ecte& o"ly to the e1te"t th#t (#y '#irly 2e re?uire& 2y the le+iti(#te &e(#"& o' ,u2lic i"tere t or ,u2lic wel'#re. O2iterF There are no pure places where there are impure men. G Ju tice 5i"+# Ny#h#h#h#. $olice ,ower re t ,ri(#rily with the le+i l#ture, 2ut it (#y 2e &ele+#te&. 7e# ure c#lcul#te& to ,ro(ote the #'ety #"& co"ve"ie"ce o' the ,eo,le u i"+ the thorou+h'#re 2y the re+ul#tio" o' vehicul#r tr#''ic ,re e"t # ,ro,er u20ect 'or the e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

77DA v. Eiro" 5r#" ,ort#tio" GR No. 170656 15 Au+u t 2007

$G7A i ue& EO 179, which ,rovi&e& 'or the e t#2li h(e"t o' # 7# 5r#" ,ort 6y te( 'or Gre#ter 7#"il#. $ur u#"t to thi EO, the 7etro 7#"il# .ou"cil o' the 77DA cite& the "ee& to re(ove the 2u ter(i"#l loc#te& #lo"+ (#0or thorou+h'#re o' 7etro 7#"il#. Eiro", #"& l#ter 7e"cor,, 2oth ,rovi"ci#l 2u o,er#tor who h#& 2u ter(i"#l th#t were thre#te"e& to 2e re(ove&, 'ile& ,etitio" #lle+i"+ th#t the EO houl& 2e &ecl#re& u"co" titutio"#l #"& ille+#l 'or tr#" +re i"+ the ,o e ory ri+ht o' ow"er #"& o,er#tor o' ,u2lic l#"& tr#" ,ort#tio" u"it over their re ,ective ter(i"#l .

34N the EO i # v#li& e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

NO. A to the #lle+e& co"'i c#tory ch#r#cter o' the EO, it "ee& o"ly 2e t#te& th#t the re ,o"&e"t / certi'ic#te o' ,u2lic co"ve"ie"ce co"'er "o ,ro,erty ri+ht, #"& #re (ere lice" e or ,rivile+e . A uch, they (u t yiel& to le+i l#tio" #'e+u#r&i"+ the ,eo,le/ i"tere t. Aowever, #lthou+h the #uthority o' the $re i&e"t over the i(,le(e"t#tio" o' the $ro0ect c#""ot 2e ?ue tio"e&, the &e i+"#tio" o' the 77DA # the i(,le(e"ti"+ #+e"cy 'or the $ro0ect (#y "ot 2e u t#i"e&. 77DA h# "o ,olice ,ower, let #lo"e le+i l#tive ,ower. %" li+ht o' the #&(i"i tr#tive "#ture o' it ,ower #"& 'u"ctio" , the 77DA i &evoi& o' #uthority to i(,le(e"t the $ro0ect # e"vi io"e& 2y the EO9 he"ce, it coul& "ot h#ve 2ee" v#li&ly &e i+"#te& 2y the $re i&e"t to u"&ert#!e the $ro0ect. %t 'ollow th#t the 77DA c#""ot v#li&ly or&er the eli(i"#tio" o' the re ,o"&e"t / ter(i"#l .

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

E1ec. 6ecret#ry v. 6outhwi"+ Ae#vy %"&u trie GR No . 16;171-2, 16D7;1 20 8e2ru#ry 2006 Ynares-Santiago, J.

EO 156 w# i ue& 2y $G7A i" 2002, ,rohi2iti"+ the i(,ort#tio" i"to the cou"try o' u e& (otor vehicle , u20ect to # 'ew e1ce,tio" . Article 2, 6ectio" 3.1 e"u(er#te the vehicle e1clu&e&4e1e(,te& 'ro( the ,rohi2itio". 5hree e,#r#te #ctio" 'or &ecl#r#tory relie' were 'ile& 2e'ore #" Olo"+#,o R5., # erti"+ th#t Article 2, 6ectio" 3.1 i u"co" titutio"#l #"& ille+#l. 5he R5. +r#"te& #ll the ,etitio" #"& &ecl#re& the EO u"co" titutio"#l.

34N EO 156 i # v#li& e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

@ucero v. .ity Gover"(e"t o' $# i+ GR No. 132D3; 2; Nove(2er 2006 Corona, J.

5he 2rother @ucero #"& o"e 5e"orio were +r#"te& le# e co"tr#ct to occu,y t#ll i" the ,u2lic (#r!et i' $# i+ i" 19D3. %" 1993, $# i+ re"ov#te& it (#r!et '#cilitie #"& ,# e& 7u"ici,#l Or&i"#"ce No. 56 which (#"&#te& #ll t#ll occu,#"t to 'ill u, #"& u2(it #,,lic#tio" 'or( which woul& erve # their le# e co"tr#ct i' #,,rove&.

34N the @ucero (#y cl#i( # ve te& ri+ht to the (#r!et t#ll they were occu,yi"+.

EO 156 i EA@%D i" o'#r # it #,,lie to the $hili,,i"e territory out i&e the ,re e"tly 'e"ce&-i" 'or(er 6u2ic 2ec#u e 1. %t ,ro(ul+#tio" i #ctu#lly #uthori:e& 2y the le+i l#ture )5#ri'' #"& .u to( .o&e, O("i2u %"ve t(e"t .o&e, 6#'e+u#r& 7e# ure Act*9 #"& 2. %t i ,re u(e& th#t the EO &uly co(,lie& with the ,roce&ure #"& li(it#tio" i(,o e& 2y l#w, #2 e"t #"y tro"+ evi&e"ce to the co"tr#ry. Aowever, the ,ro cri,tio" i" the i(,ort#tio" o' u e& (otor vehicle houl& 2e o,er#tive o"ly out i&e the 8ree,ort #"& he i"clu io" o' #i& :o"e withi" the #(2it o' ,rohi2itio" i #" i"v#li& (o&i'ic#tio" o' RA 7227 )=# e .o"ver io" #"& Develo,(e"t Act o' 1992*. 3he" the #,,lic#tio" o' #" #&(i"i tr#tive i u#"ce (o&i'ie e1i ti"+ l#w or e1cee& the i"te"&e& co,e, the i u#"ce 2eco(e voi&, "ot o"ly 'or 2ei"+ ultra vires 2ut #l o 'or 2ei"+ u"re# o"#2le. NO. 5he 19D3 le# e co"tr#ct &i& "ot +ive ,etitio"er irre'ut#2le ri+ht to the (#r!et t#ll . 5hey were (ere +r#"tee o' # ,rivile+e to occu,y #"& o,er#te uch 2ooth . BE6. 5he o,er#tio" o' # (#r!et t#ll 2y virtue o' # lice" e i #lw#y u20ect to the ,olice ,ower o' # city +over"(e"t. A" #,,lic#tio" 'or thi ,rivile+e (#y

8or #" #&(i"i tr#tive i u#"ce to 2e v#li&, it (u t co(,ly with the 'ollowi"+F 1. %t ,ro(ul+#tio" (u t 2e #uthori:e& 2y the le+i l#ture9 2. %t (u t 2e ,ro(ul+#te& i" #ccor&#"ce with the ,re cri2e& ,roce&ure9 3. %t (u t 2e withi" the co,e o' the #uthority +ive" 2y the le+i l#ture9 #"& ;. %t (u t 2e re# o"#2le.

34N the 7u"ici,#l Or&i"#"ce w# # v#li& e1erci e o' ,olice ,ower.

A ,u2lic (#r!et i o"e &e&ic#te& to the ervice o' the +e"er#l ,u2lic #"& o,er#te& u"&er +over"(e"t co"trol #"& u,ervi io" # # ,u2lic utility. Ae"ce, the o,er#tio" o' # ,u2lic (#r!et #"& it '#cilitie i i(2ue& with ,u2lic i"tere t.

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

5he @ucero #"& 5e"orio, however, re'u e& to #,,ly 'or # "ew le# e o" their t#ll . 5he $# i+ +over"(e"t 'ile& # c# e 'or e0ect(e"t #+#i" t the(. 5he 75. rule& i" '#vor o' the @ucero , 2ut w# rever e& 2y the R5. #"& the .A. A8. #"& A$% ow"e& #+ricultur#l l#"& which they volu"t#rily o''ere& to ell to the +over"(e"t. Aowever, they &i& "ot #+ree to the @=$/ v#lu#tio" o' the l#"&, t#ti"+ th#t the v#lu#tio" were u"re# o"#2ly low #"& i"#&e?u#te # 0u t co(,e" #tio" 'or the ,ro,ertie . DAR the" re?ue te& @=$ to &e,o it the #(ou"t e?uiv#le"t to the @=$ v#lu#tio" i" the "#(e o' 2oth A8. #"& A$%. 5he l#tter 2oth with&rew ever#l (illio" 'ro( the #i& #ccou"t . 5here#'ter, "ew 5.5 over the l#"& were i ue& i" the "#(e o' the Re,u2lic o' the $hili,,i"e , #"& .@OA were u2 e?ue"tly i ue& to '#r(er-2e"e'ici#rie . A8. #"& A$% 2oth 'ile& co(,l#i"t 'or &eter(i"#tio" o' 0u t co(,e" #tio". $%A5.O wo" the 2i& 'or the co" tructio" #"& &evelo,(e"t o' the NA%A %$5 %%% u"&er # 2uil&o,er#te-tr#" 'er #rr#"+e(e"t. A .o"ce io" A+ree(e"t w# the" e"tere& i"to. 6u2 e?ue"tly, the AR.A #"& 6u,,le(e"t co"tr#ct were e"tere& i"to # well, (o&i'yi"+ the ori+i"#l ter( o' the .o"ce io" A+ree(e"t.

2e +r#"te& or re'u e& 'or re# o" o' ,u2lic ,olicy #"& ou"& ,u2lic #&(i"i tr#tio".

A,o 8ruit .or,. v. .A GR No. 16;195 6 8e2ru#ry 2007 Chico-Nazario, J.

34N @=$ (#y &eter(i"e the #(ou"t o' 0u t co(,e" #tio".

NO. 5he v#lu#tio" o' ,ro,erty i" e(i"e"t &o(#i" i e e"ti#lly # 0u&ici#l 'u"ctio" which i ve te& with the R5. #cti"+ # # 6,eci#l A+r#ri#" .ourt. NO. %" the &eter(i"#tio" o' 0u t co(,e" #tio", #ll the '#ct # to the co"&itio" o' the ,ro,erty #"& it urrou"&i"+ , it i(,rove(e"t #"& c#,#2ilitie , (#y 2e how" #"& co" i&ere& i" e ti(#ti"+ it v#lue.

5he &eter(i"#tio" o' 0u t co(,e" #tio" i e e"ti#lly # 0u&ici#l 'u"ctio". 5he &eter(i"#tio" o' 0u t co(,e" #tio" c#""ot 2e (#&e to the ,re0u&ice o' the eller or o' the +over"(e"t. Re?uire(e"t 'or # ,ro,er e1erci e o' e(i"e"t &o(#i"F 1. $u2lic u e 2. Ju t co(,e" #tio"

%' o, 34N it correctly &eter(i"e& the v#lue o' the l#"& i" ?ue tio".

A+#" v. $%A5.O GR No . 155001, 1555;7, #"& 155661 21 J#"u#ry 200; Puno, J.

34N the te(,or#ry t#!eover cl#u e i co" titutio"#l.

NO. 5he ectio" which ,rovi&e th#t $%A5.O h#ll 2e e"title& to re# o"#2le co(,e" #tio" 'or the &ur#tio" o' the te(,or#ry t#!eover 2y the +over"(e"t cle#rly o2li+#te the +over"(e"t i" the e1erci e o' it ,olice ,ower to co(,e" #te $%A5.O #"& thi o2li+#tio" i o''e" ive to the .o" titutio".

5he ,olice ,ower o' the 6t#te c#""ot 2e "e+#te& 2y #"y ,#rty "or houl& it e1erci e 2e # ource o' o2li+#tio" 'or the 6t#te. $olice ,ower c#""ot 2e &i(i"i he&, let #lo"e &e'e#te& 2y #"y co"tr#ct 'or it ,#r#(ou"t co" i&er#tio" i ,u2lic wel'#re #"& i"tere t.

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

E#riou ,etitio" were 'ile& to #""ul the .A, AR.A, #"& the 6u,,le(e"t 9 #"& to ,rohi2it the DO5., #"& 7%AA 'ro( i(,le(e"ti"+ the(. 6outher" .ro .e(e"t v. .e(e"t 7#"u'#cturer A oc. GR No. 15D5;0 3 Au+u t 2005 Tinga, J. $hilce(cor 'ile& # ,etitio" ee!i"+ the i(,o itio" o' #'e+u#r& (e# ure o" +r#y $ortl#"& ce(e"t with the D5%. 5he D5% 6ecret#ry the" i ue& # ,rovi io"#l #'e+u#r& (e# ure #"& re'erre& the ,etitio" to the 5#ri'' .o((i io". A'ter the 5#ri'' .o((i io"/ i"ve ti+#tio", it re,orte& th#t there w# "o "ee& 'or &e'i"itive #'e+u#r& (e# ure . 5he D5% 6ecret#ry the" &e"ie& $hilce(cor/ ,etitio" 2ut e1,re e& hi o,i"io" th#t he &i #+ree& with the 5#ri'' .o((i io"/ 'i"&i"+ . $hilce(cor ch#lle"+e& thi Deci io" i" the .A. 5he .A rule& th#t the D5% 6ecret#ry w# "ot 2ou"& 2y the 5#ri'' .o((i io"/ re,ort i"ce it w# (erely reco((e"&#tory. =# e& o" thi &eci io", the D5% 6ecret#ry the" i(,o e& # &e'i"itive #'e+u#r& (e# ure o" the i(,ort#tio" o' +r#y $ortl#"& ce(e"t 'or 3 ye#r . 6outher" .ro ch#lle"+e 2oth the .A #"& D5% 6ecret#ry &eci io" . Go,uco ow"e& # ,#rcel o' l#"& which w# u20ecte& to e1,ro,ri#tio" ,rocee&i"+ 'or the ,ur,o e o' the e1,#" io" o' the

34N the $%A5.O .o"tr#ct the( elve #re co" titutio"#l.

34N the D5% 6ecret#ry i 2#rre& 'ro( i(,o i"+ # +e"er#l #'e+u#r& (e# ure #2 e"t # ,o itive 'i"#l &eter(i"#tio" re"&ere& 2y the 5#ri'' .o((i io".

NO. 5he $%A5.O co"tr#ct ru" #'oul o' the .o" titutio". 5hi i 2ec#u e the AR.A ,rovi&e 'or # &irect +over"(e"t +u#r#"ty i" the 'or( o' t#!i"+ over o' the lo#" o' $%A5.O houl& they 2eco(e &ue #"& u",#i&. BE6. 5he D5% 6ecret#ry c#""ot i(,o e # +e"er#l #'e+u#r& (e# ure without # ,o itive 'i"#l &eter(i"#tio" re"&ere& 2y the 5#ri'' .o((i io" 2ec#u e it i # co" titutio"#l li(it#tio" i(,o e& o" the &ele+#tio" o' le+i l#tive ,ower to i(,o e t#ri'' #"& i(,o t to the $re i&e"t. 5he #uthori:#tio" to the $re i&e"t c#" 2e e1erci e& o"ly withi" the ,eci'ie& li(it et i" the l#w #"& i 'urther u20ect to li(it#tio" #"& re trictio" which .o"+re (#y i(,o e.

%t i .o"+re , "ot the $re i&e"t, which ,o e e i"here"t ,ower to i(,o e t#ri'' #"& i(,o t . 3ithout le+i l#tive #uthori:#tio" throu+h t#tute, the $re i&e"t h# "o ,ower, #uthority or ri+ht to i(,o e uch #'e+u#r& (e# ure 2ec#u e t#1#tio" i i"here"tly le+i l#tive, "ot e1ecutive. 6ectio" 2D)2* Article E% o' the .o" titutio" hiel& the &ele+#tio" o' the t#1i"+ ,ower to the $re i&e"t 2y the @e+i l#ture 'ro( co" titutio"#l i"'ir(ity, #"& houl& 2e reco+"i:e& # #" e1ce,tio"#l +r#"t o' le+i l#tive ,ower to the $re i&e"t, r#ther th#" the #''ir(#tio" o' #" i"here"t e1ecutive ,ower.

A5O v. Go,uco GR No. 15D563 30 Ju"e 2005 Chico-Nazario, J.

3he" ,riv#te l#"& i e1,ro,ri#te& 'or # ,#rticul#r ,u2lic u e, #"& th#t ,#rticul#r ,u2lic u e i #2#"&o"e&, &oe the

%5 DE$END6. %' the l#"& i e1,ro,ri#te& 'or # ,#rticul#r ,ur,o e, with the co"&itio" th#t whe" th#t ,ur,o e i e"&e& or

E(i"e"t &o(#i" &e cri2e& # <the (o t e1#ct i&e# re(#i"i"+ i" the

i +e"er#lly hi+he t #"& o' ,ro,erty +over"(e"t>

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

@#hu+ Air,ort i" .e2u. 6u2 e?ue"tly, the 7#ct#" %"ter"#tio"#l Air,ort co((e"ce& o,er#tio" , #"& @#hu+ Air,ort w# hut &ow". Go,uco ou+ht the reco"vey#"ce o' hi lot #"& o''ere& to ,#y 'or the v#lue o' hi 'or(er l#"&. Ae (#i"t#i"e& th#t the ori+i"#l ,ur,o e 'or which the ,ro,erty w# e1,ro,ri#te& h#& ce# e&, #"& title to the ,ro,erty houl& there'ore revert to hi(.

l#"& o e1,ro,ri#te& retur" to it 'or(er ow"erH

#2#"&o"e& the ,ro,erty h#ll retur" to it 'or(er ow"er, the" whe" the ,ur,o e i ter(i"#te& or #2#"&o"e& the 'or(er ow"er re#c?uire the ,ro,erty o e1,ro,ri#te&. O" the other h#"&, whe" l#"& h# 2ee" #c?uire& 'or ,u2lic u e i" 'ee i(,le, u"co"&itio"#lly, either 2y the e1erci e o' e(i"e"t &o(#i" or 2y ,urch# e, the 'or(er ow"er ret#i" "o ri+ht i" the l#"&, #"& the ,u2lic u e (#y 2e #2#"&o"e& or the l#"& (#y 2e &evote& to # &i''ere"t u e, without #"y i(,#ir(e"t o' the e t#te or title #c?uire&, or #"y rever io" to the 'or(er ow"er. %" thi c# e, the ter( o' 0u&+(e"t re+#r&i"+ the e1,ro,ri#tio" o' the ,ro,erty +r#"te& title i" 'ee i(,le to the Re,u2lic o' the $hili,,i"e . 5here'ore, "o ri+ht either e1,re or i(,lie&, h#ve 2ee" ret#i"e& 2y Go,uco. NO. %" e1,ro,ri#tio" ,rocee&i"+ , the co"&e("or (erely erve "otice th#t it i t#!i"+ title #"& ,o e io" o' the ,ro,erty, #"& the &e'e"&#"t # ert title or i"tere t i" the ,ro,erty, "ot to ,rove # ri+ht to ,o e io", 2ut to ,rove # ri+ht to co(,e" #tio" 'or the t#!i"+. 5hu , "o uch co"tr#ct e1i t . NO. N%A h# occu,ie&, utili:e&, #"& 'or #ll i"te"t #"& ,ur,o e , e1erci e& &o(i"io" over the ,ro,erty. 8urther, it i u"&i ,ute& th#t the #cce ro#& w# t#!e" 'or ,u2lic u e. Ae"ce, uch t#!i"+ eve" i" the #2 e"ce o' #" or&er o' e1,ro,ri#tio" or (e(or#"&u( o' #+ree(e"t, h#ll

th#t (#y 2e #c?uire& 'or o(e ,u2lic ,ur,o e throu+h # (etho& i" the "#ture o' # 'orce& ,urch# e 2y the 6t#te. %t i # ri+ht to re# ert &o(i"io" over ,ro,erty withi" the 6t#te 'or ,u2lic u e or to (eet # ,u2lic e1i+e"cy #"& i #i& to 2e #" e e"ti#l ,#rt o' +over"#"ce eve" i" it (o t ,ri(itive 'or( #"& thu i" e,#r#2le 'ro( overei+"ty. Notwith t#"&i"+ the +r#"t to i"&ivi&u#l , the e(i"e"t &o(#i", the hi+he t #"& (o t e1#ct i&e# o' ,ro,erty, re(#i" i" the +over"(e"t, or i" the #++re+#te 2o&y o' ,eo,le i" their overei+" c#,#city9 #"& they h#ve the ri+ht to re u(e the ,o e io" o' the ,ro,erty whe"ever the ,u2lic i"tere t o re?uire it.

34N i" c# e o' e1,ro,ri#tio", #" <i(,lie& co"tr#ct> th#t the ,ro,ertie will 2e u e& o"ly 'or the ,u2lic ,ur,o e 'or which they were #c?uire&.

$#lileo v. N%A GR No. 1;D57; 11 Octo2er 2005 Chico-Nazario, J.

5he $#lileo collectively ow" three ,#rcel o' l#"&, o" cert#i" ,ortio" o' which N%A h#& 2uilt # c#"#l i" 1956, #"& #" #cce ro#& i" 19D3. 5he c#"#l #,,e#r to h#ve 2ee" e1,ro,ri#te& 2y virtue o' # court or&er # e#rly # 195D. Aowever, it &oe "ot #,,e#r whether ,#y(e"t o' 0u t

34N the $#lileo coul& cl#i( co(,e" #tio" 'or the #''ecte& ,ortio" o' their ,ro,erty or recover the #i& ,ro,erty 'ro( N%A.

5he u",#i& l#"&ow"er c#""ot recover ,o e io" o' ,ro,erty t#!e" 'or ,u2lic u e eve" while "o re?ui ite e1,ro,ri#tio" ,rocee&i"+ were 'ir t i" titute&. 5he ri+ht o' e(i"e"t &o(#i" i u u#lly u"&er too& to 2e #" ulti(#te ri+ht o' the overei+"

Constitutional Law Case Digest Matrix Set 1 Stef Macapagal

co(,e" #tio" h#& 2ee" (#&e. %" 199;, N%A # e e& the $#lileo #" irri+#tio" ervice 'ee. 6hortly there#'ter, the $#lileo &e(#"&e& re# o"#2le re"t#l 'ro( N%A 'or occu,yi"+ their ,ro,erty. 3he" N%A re'u e& to ,#y, the $#lileo ue& 'or recovery o' ,o e io", #r+ui"+ th#t there w# "o ,#y(e"t o' 0u t co(,e" #tio", "or w# there e1,ro,ri#tio" ,rocee&i"+ 'ile& with re ,ect to the #c?ui itio" o' the ,ro,erty u e& # #" #cce ro#&.

"ot e"title the ow"er to the recovery o' ,o e io" 2ut o"ly to 0u t co(,e" #tio", 'ollowi"+ e1i ti"+ c# e l#w. Aowever, with re ,ect to the cl#i( o' 0u t co(,e" #tio", $D 552 h# 2#rre& their cl#i( . 3ith re ,ect to the irri+#tio" c#"#l, the #ctio" #ccrue& 1D ye#r ,rior to the $D/ #,,rov#l. 5he $D ,rovi&e th#t #ctio" 'or recovery o' co(,e" #tio" #"& &#(#+e #+#i" t N%A which h#ve #ccrue& 'or 10 or (ore ye#r ,rior to the &ecree/ #,,rov#l #re &ee(e& to h#ve ,re cri2e& #"& #re 2#rre& 'orever. A 'or the #cce ro#&, the #ctio" w# co((e"ce& o"ly #'ter 12 ye#r . 5he $D #l o ,rovi&e th#t cl#i( houl& 2e t#!e" withi" 5 ye#r 'ro( the ti(e the ,ro,erty w# t#!e". 5hu , the #ctio" o' the $#lileo h#ve #lre#&y ,re cri2e&. 5hey c#""ot recover 0u t co(,e" #tio" #"y(ore.

,ower to #,,ro,ri#te #"y ,ro,erty withi" it territori#l overei+"ty 'or # ,u2lic ,ur,o e.