A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ADJUSTMENT LEVEL AMONG WORKING AND NON- WORKING WOMEN.

Archana Singh & Dr. V.N. Mishra Department of Psychology M.G. K.V. University, Varanasi
Abstra t he present st!"y is aime" to compare the a"#!stment level of $or%ing an" non&$or%ing $omen. 'or%ing $omen are traine" is the $or%ing environment to share responsi(ilities an" to (e consistent $ith others in the gro!p for (eing efficient, they can ta%e (etter responsi(ility in their family. 'omen employment, ho$ever, has its o$n "isa"vantages, s!ch as mental an" physical fati)!e, not having eno!gh time for family mem(ers an" other %in"s of pro(lems. *or this st!"y $e select a sample of +,, people, -, of them are $or%ing $omen an" -, are non&$or%ing are $or%ing $omen.s or ho!se $ives. heir e"!cation $as at least gra"!ation an" a(ove, they (elong to mi""le an" high socio&economic stat!s. *or this st!"y $e !se" A"#!stment inventory "evelope" (y Dr. /.S. Asthana. he fin"ing of res!lt sho$s that $or%ing $omen have high level of a"#!stment than the non&$or%ing $omen. I!tr"#$ t%"! he $omen is the contemporary society are in the process of ac)!iring a stat!s position an" role $hich in "ifferent from the earlier conceptions. he 0n"ian society li%e n!m(er of classical societies has (een patriarchal an" the i"eal $omen are those $ho "o not strive to (rea%. She (on"s of control. A loo% into the history, ho$ever, sho$s that the sit!ation $as not al$ays so. Since +1,, a ne$ socio&economic phenomenon has (een "evelope". 'omen.s participation in o!t& of ho!se economic activities. his has ca!se" f!n"amental changes is social, economic an" c!lt!ral factors of the society. 'omen more an" more $ere involve" in activities o!tsi"e ho!se an" fiel"s. Governments fir(i""ing se2 "iscrimination in la$s an" $or%ing places, $oman $ere provi"e" $ith more #o( opport!nities. 0n fact $omen.s employment can (e "ate" (ac% to h!n"re" year ago. As a ho!se life she is so!rce of #oy comomfort an" inspiration to her h!s(an" an" as $or%ing $omen she $or%s o!tsi"e from their ho!se in office, 3an%s etc. $omen are fo!n" as the real (!il"ers of o!r nation. h!s, the po$er of the nation is also in the han"s of $omen. 'hile the term of non& $or%ing $omen is !se" for those $omen $ho are not gainf!l employe" an" are totally involve" in the ho!sehol" #o(s. 3oth an employe" an" !nemploye" $omen play a significant role in ho!sehol" activities of their families. heir life is more family centere" than of men. he happiness of a family to a great e2tent "epen"s !pon her. 'omen f!lfill their "!ties an" responsi(ilities sincerely in their o!tsi"e profession. he "o!(le $or% press!re crates fr!stration, stress an" other pro(lems. 'or%ing $omen have a $i"e area of interaction. She interact $ith people of her family. Society an" people of her $or% place an" the people $ho travel $ith her "aily. She learn ne$ things "aily an" share her pro(lem to frien"s an" they s!ggest sol!tion to her (!t a non $or%ing $omen spen" there ma2im!m time in the ho!se. She have as male interaction area. She interacts $ith fe$ people as mem(ers of family an" some person of society. h!s sit!ation is "ifferent from $or%ing $omen so this "ifference creates a"#!stment pro(lem $ith non $or%ing $omen. he ma#or role of $omen consi"ering their nat!re an" "ivire creation is motherhoo" (ringing !p their chil"ren. 4n the other han", $omen as half of the thin%ing force of the society5 ho$ the competency in c!lt!ral, political, e"!cational an" scientific fiel"s. h!s $omen.s participation in social an" c!lt!ral activities is high importance in or"er to help $omen themselves, family an" society promote. 6ach of three "ifferent environments $ere $omen may get5 i.e. $or%ing , mi""le class an" professional setting involves a special net$or%s of "ifferent factors $hich in t!rn res!lts in c!lt!re "ifference in employment environments $omen get financial reso!rces as a res!lt of their employments an" $or%ing o!tsi"e their ho!se an" con)!ering ne$ room in the society has change" the tra"itional organi7ation an" str!ct!re of the family an" conse)!ently re)!ire farming an ne$ %in" of (alance in the ho!se. Social an" family activities in accor"ance $ith the nat!re an" capacity of men an" $omen can (e of highly fr!itf!l (!t $hat sho!l" (e ta%en into consi"eration regar"ing the $omen.s employments

o!tsi"e their ho!ses an" their "ifferent family roles in this fact that s!ch employment sho!l" have no threat an" "amage for rearing chil"ren. 4f ca!se this "oes not mean that in tra"itional "istri(!tion of family "!ties (et$een co!pler $ithin the ho!se, men.s cr!cial participation in rearing chil"ren is ignore". 6vi"ently "!e to $omen.s nat!re, their creation an" their (etter a(ility to comm!nicate emotionally $ith the chil"ren, this heavy responsi(ility in !s!ally assigne" to $omen rather then men. 'omen of "ifferent social classes "on.t have a common motivation to get a #o( o!tsi"e home. Some $ith lo$ levels of e"!cation an" e2pertise simply $ant to get employe" in or"er to solve financial pro(lems of the family. /ence they can not choose their #o(. Accor"ingly, this lea"s to #o( "issatisfaction, lac% of c!lt!ral efficiency an" personality gro$th. So many %in"s of family pro(lems, social e"!cational press!res an" other things relate" to family an" society creates a "ist!r(ance in a $or%ing an" non& $or%ing $omen.s life an" this effects their a"#!stment patterns $ith family life. Social life, Personal life an" o!tsi"e life. So the research foc!se" on the a"#!stment patterns of $or%ing an" non& $or%ing $omen. A"#!stment involves the gratification of a person.s nee"s as governe" (y the "eman" of vario!s environmental sit!ations. his is not have ever, a one $ay process on in"ivi"!al maintains the (alance (et$een himself an" his s!rro!n"ing either (y mo"ifying this o$n (ehavior or (y mo"ifying the environment, A%off 8+1,9: state. A"#!stment is the interaction (et$een a person an" his environment. /o$ one a"#!sts in the partic!lar sit!ation "epen"s !pon one.s personal characteristics are the circ!mstances of the sit!ation. Shaffer 8+1;+:5 a"#!stment the process (y $hich a living organism maintains a (alance (et$een its nee" an" the circ!mstance that infl!ence of there nee". A"#!stment is a (ehavioral process (y $hich h!man an" other animals maintain an e)!ili(ri!m among their vario!s nee"s or (et$een their nee"s an" the o(stacles of their environments. hose of !s $ho can a"opt or a"#!st to their nee"s of changing con"itions can live happily an" s!ccessf!lly. A"#!stment is the esta(lishment of a satisfactory relationship a representing harmony conformance, a"aptation or the li%e. A se)!ence of a"#!stment (egins $hen a nee" is felt an" en"s $hen it is satisfie". Ob&' t%(' o %no$ a"#!stment levels of $or%ing an" non& $or%ing $omen. )*+"t,'s%s here $o!l" (e a significant "ifference (et$een $or%ing an" non&$or%ing $omen on the level of a"#!stment. M't,"#"-".* Sample 0n this st!"y the investigator sleete" sample of +,, $omen.s. 0n $hich 8N<-,: $ere $or%ing $omen an" 8N<-,: $ere non =$or%ing $omen. he $or%ing $omen $as those $ho $as engage" in any salarie" #o(s of vario!s fiel"s s!ch as eachers, Doctors, 3an% employees etc. the s!(#ect $as selecte" from Varanasi city. U. P. T""-/ o meas!re a"#!stment level the investigator !se" a"#!stment inventory "evelope" (y Dr. /.S. Asthana. he tool has only >, items. he inventory has not fi2e" time limit it may ta%e a(o!t ?, min!tes to ans$er the split half relia(ility of the test is .1@. Pr" '#$r'/ he a"#!stment inventory $as sim!ltaneo!sly a"ministere" to the selecte" s!(#ects personally an" they $ere as%e" to rea" caref!lly the instr!ctions given in the inventory. Aesearcher goes to each s!(#ect personally an" )!estioners are fille" in a similar sit!ation, at the ho!se of each s!(#ect. the researchers provi"e" "irect assistance if re)!ire". o score a test& recor" a$ar" one mar% of No an" 7ero for BCes. response e2cept for items +1 an" >, $here it sho!l" (e score" in the reverse

R's$-t he statistical techni)!es employe" $ere mean, S.D. an" t ratio. . Result Table S.N. Sa0+-' M'a! SD + 'or%ing 'omen D;.@ -.@D D Non $or%ing 'omen D?.9 >.@-

D.@;

27 26 25 24 23 22
M ea n

Working Women Non- Working Women

R's$-t D%s $ss%"! a!# a!a-*s%she res!lt ta(le sho$ing res!lts of analysis an" "isc!ssion that $or%ing $omen have higher scores than the non& $or%ing $omen. he mean on the a"#!stment level of $or%ing $omen is 8M< D;.@: an" 8S.D.< -.@D: $hile non& $or%ing $omen mean is 8M< D?.9: an" 8S.D. <>.@-: the t val!e 8t<D.@;: of (oth mean. 0t sho$ that $or%ing $omen have higher a"#!stment level than non&$or%ing $omen. 3eca!se $or%ing $omen have more e2poser an" interact $ith more people $hich helps to a"#!st, her is her pro(lems an" sit!ation an" s!press her fr!stration $hile as non& $or%ing $omen she has less interaction $ith society an" other people $hich is ma#or pro(lems $ith them (eca!se they are !na(le to share their emotions an" pro(lems to other people $hich create fr!stration an" other pro(lems $ith then an" that infl!ences their a"#!stment level. 'or%ing $omen are financially stronger than non& $or%ing $omen, Non =$or%ing $omen are financially "epen"ent on her family. So the $or%ing $omen are free to ta%e "ecisions for family. Ehil"ren.s an" her self $here as non& $or%ing $omen are totally not free to ta%e "ecisions that also affects their a"#!stment level. he val!e of t< D.@; that is significant on .,+ level so the hypothesis of this st!"y Fthere may (e significant "ifference among $or%ing an" non& $or%ing $omen on the level of a"#!stmentG is accepte" an" the res!lt is that $or%ing $omen have high level of a"#!stment then non&$or%ing $omen. Aes!lt of st!"y (y Pho"%e an" K!l%arni8+1@@: sho$s that the Femploye"G an" FNon&employe"G ho!se $ives, irrespective of $hether they are fiel" =in"epen"ents or fiel" "epen"ents "o not "iffer is their a"#!stment. 0n the lost graphical representation of comparison of a"#!stment (et$een $or%ing an" non& $or%ing $omen the graph also sho$ing li%e there res!lt. So in last vie$ it is clear that $or%ing $omen have higher level of a"#!stment that the non&$or%ing $omen. *ig!reH sho$s significance of "ifference (et$een means score of a"#!stment among $or%ing an" non&$or%ing $omen. *in"ing of the present st!"y confirm that he $or%ing $omen his higher level of a"#!stment then the non&$or%ing $omen. R'1'r'! '/ +. 6ysenc%, /.I8+1@D:, 6ncyclope"ia of psychology vol!me +&?, Jon"on, search press. D. *re!", S. 8+1??:G Ne$ 0ntro"!ctory Ject!res on Psych&analysis.G Ne$ Cor%, Norton. ?. Gran"#ean, 6H 6rgonomic of the /ome. pp +-&?-. ayler an" francis Jt", Jon"on 8+1@?:. >. Mangal, SH Pre"icament of $or%ing $omen in teaching profession. 0n"ian I. Aes. ?-8+&D:H 9@& 1@8+11>:. -. Pearlin, J.an" Schooler. EH he str!ct!re of coping. I. /ith soc. 3ehav5 8+1@9:

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Aichar" A. Ianson. Dean '.'ichern. Applie" m!ltivariate statistical analysis. Secon" e"ition.